Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aciers alliés – Corrosion'
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Hennion, Arnaud. "Microstructure et fragilisation des aciers de cuve des réacteurs nucléaires VVER 440." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-389.pdf.
Full textDidot, Alexandre. "Corrosion sous contrainte des aciers non alliés dans les conditions du stockage géologique." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1787.
Full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), in the conditions of the nuclear waste storage in deep geological layer, on the carbon steels which are postpone for the construction of the lining and the canisters. References, regarding the SCC susceptibility of buried pipelines, show two types of SCC, trans- and intergranular, which are related to two potential - pH domains. Usually, transgranular SCC is attributed to hydrogen embrittlement mechanism and intergranular SCC to film rupture processes. Slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were performed in order to identify SCC susceptibility domains on samples extracted from prototypes representatives of the canisters. As SSRT tests overestimate the potential SCC susceptibility, a one year duration experiment was carried on to evaluate the materials resistance toward crack initiation under static loads representatives of residual stresses. SCC tests results did not allow us to exclude, as regards to the expected chemical conditions, intergranular SCC risks. Nevertheless, we observed delayed cracking caused by the poor quality of the selected steels which are far from the usual recommendations specified for buried pipelines. Thus, a dedicated experimental program, for this deep geological storage, is set up to assess carbon steel selection compliant with existing specifications
Quesada, Olivier. "Etude des phénomènes d'abrasion-corrosion des aciers inoxydables : vers un guide de choix de matériaux." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS068.
Full textGiordana, Séverine. "Corrosion d'aciers faiblement alliés au silicium en solution aqueuse à 90°C : action inhibitrice des silicates." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066157.
Full textRomaine, Alexandre. "Rôle des espèces sulfures dans la corrosion des aciers non alliés : hétérogénéités de la couche de produits de corrosion et couplages galvaniques." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS021/document.
Full textThe present study relates to the problem of the long-term interim storage of nuclear wastes. In France, it is envisaged that high-level radioactive wastes will be confined in a glass matrix, stored in a stainless steel canister, itself placed in a carbon steel overpack. The wastes will then be stored at a depth of ~450 m in a deep geological disposal, drilled in a very stiff (indurated) clay (argillite) formation. A temperature as high as 90°C is expected at the steel surface because of the intense radioactivity. Anodic polarization at applied current density was used to synthetize corrosion product layers likely to be formed in storage conditions. The S235 steel electrodes were covered by a layer of argillite and dipped in carbonated solutions. The synthesis was first achieved at 25°C to determine the parameters controlling the nature of the corrosion products and then at 80°C to be closer to the real conditions. The nature of the obtained compounds proved to be dependent on NaHCO3 concentration, on current density and on polarization time. At 80°C, magnetite Fe3O4 and siderite FeCO3 were the main identified compounds. Carbonate green rust FeII4FeIII2(OH)12CO3.2H2O and chukanovite Fe2(OH)2CO3 were detected locally in some experiments. Iron sulfides, mainly mackinwaite, also formed at the beginning of the experiments with a moderate current density. In the second part of the study, the influence of sulfide species on the steel / model corrosion products layer system was investigated. The modifications of the layers previously formed by anodic polarization induced by sulfide species were more particularly studied. Finally, the last part of our research was focused on the effects of a galvanic coupling that could appear between two areas of the steel coated by different corrosion products. In particular, galvanic couplings involving magnetite Fe3O4, the main conductive compound likely to form under storage conditions, were studied
Dajoux, Malard Emilie. "Corrosion des aciers faiblement alliés en eau de mer naturelle : influence des éléments d'alliage et des bactéries." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2047.
Full textMetallic infrastructures immersed in natural seawater are exposed to important corrosion phenomena, sometimes characterised as microbiologically influenced corrosion. The presence of alloying elements in low alloy steels could present a corrosion resistance improvement of the structures. In this context, tests are performed with commercial steel grades, from 0,05wt% Cr to 11,5wt% Cr. They consist in “on site” immersion in natural seawater on the one hand, and in laboratory tests with immersion in media enriched with marine sulphide-producing bacteria on the other hand. Gravimetric, microbiological, electrochemical measurements and corrosion product analyses are carried out and show that corrosion phenomenon is composed of several stages. A preliminary step is the reduction of the corrosion kinetics and is correlated with the presence of sessile sulphide-producing bacteria and an important formation of sulphur-containing species. This phase is shorter when the alloying element content of the steel increases. This phase is probably followed by an increase of corrosion, appearing clearly after an 8-month immersion in natural seawater for some of the grade steels. Chromium and molybdenum show at the same time a beneficial influence to generalised corrosion resistance and a toxic effect on sulphide-producing bacteria. This multidisciplinary study reflects the complexity of the interactions between bacteria and steels ; sulphide-producing bacteria seem to be involved in corrosion processes in natural seawater and complementary studies would have to clarify occurring mechanisms
Sahakian, Eric. "Étude de la phosphatation et des phosphates formés sur aciers prérevêtus par du zinc, des alliages zinc-fer ou des alliages zinc-aluminium." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10018.
Full textAdaptation des gammes de traitement et mise point de nouveaux bains phosphatants "trications" pour la phosphatation au zinc de tôles prarevetues (Zn,Zn-Al,Zn-Fe) destinées à certains éléments de carrosseries automobile
Bulidon, Nicolas. "Etude de la fissuration assistée par l'environnement des aciers peu alliés en situation de stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI046/document.
Full textThe aim of the work is to assess the susceptibility to environmental assisted cracking (EAC) of steels used for the deep geological storage of radioactive waste. The storage concept is based on the encapsulation of the waste in a carbon steel containers then placed in micro-tunnels drilled 500 meter deep in Clay. These micro-tunnels are built with a micro-alloyed casing steel. Recently, the storage concept has evolved with the injection of a cementitious bentonite grout between the clay and the casing to balance the potential acidity resulting from the excavation of the micro-tunnels and the gradual saturation of rock with water. Effect of this grout on the risk of corrosion and EAC is also evaluated in the PhD work. In the mild disposal environment considered (pH close to neutrality, low carbonate content), formation of a corrosion product scale composed of siderite and magnetite has been identified. This scale leads to a pseudo-passive state of both steel grades with thus a possible risk of EAC. The risk of EAC was thus first studied and a material selection for the disposal concept was thus first made accordingly. The protective nature of the siderite/magnetite corrosion scale was then studied and reproduced in laboratory using electrochemical techniques. This work allowed for the evaluation of the resistance of each selected steel with respect to general corrosion and EAC. The results did not underlined significant cracking susceptibility of the considered steel grades. Under deposit corrosion seems to be the main form of attack in aerated waste disposal environments but the influence of the presence of low oxygen levels has to be further explored
Neff, Delphine. "Apport des analogues archéologiques à l'estimation des vitesses moyennes et à l'étude des mécanismes de corrosion à très long terme des aciers non alliés dans les sols." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008604.
Full textMarion, Antoine. "Modélisation électrochimique de la vitesse de corrosion généralisée du fer en milieu poreux : contribution à un modèle prédictif de la durabilité des aciers non alliés en conditions de stockage géologique." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS008.
Full textUnalloyed steels selected by Andra for nuclear waste storage would be mainly affected by general corrosion. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that it is possible to simulate the long term corrosion rate in order to estimate the thickness of the containers expected to maintain the confinement for several centuries. Modeling by the finite element method, based on the resolution of Nernst-Planck equation in free potential conditions has been used to predict the electrochemical behavior of these steels impossible to reach at long time through laboratory experiments. From parametric studies (influence of electrochemical kinetic constants, kinetic constants dealing with chemical reactions, temperature) and in the light of several comparisons between laboratory and numerical experiments, it was possible to determine all the parameters and all the rules to build and use the most completed predictive numerical model.The main result of this study is a long term prediction model. After a first step it was established that dissolved oxygen initially trapped is consumed, whereas the corrosion rate is controlled by the fractional coverage of the surface due to the formation of corrosion products (magnetite, siderite). As a consequence, the decrease of the total porosity can be identified as a key parameter in the reduction of the corrosion rate
Morel, Jean-Michel. "Rôle de la structuration des patines formées sur acier autopatinable vis-àvis de la résistance à la corrosion atmosphérique : Influence de la diminution des teneurs en SO2 dans les atmosphères post-industrielles." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS015.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine the extent to which the drastic reduction in SO2 levels in postindustrial atmospheres affected the corrosion kinetics of weathering steels as well as their morphology, chemical composition and crystallographic structure. The experiments covered a wide spectrum of steel grades, exposure time and conditions of formation of these patinas. The structuring of the patinas has been studied with in particular the implementation of cryogenic fractography as well as the kinetics corrosion monitoring. Corrosion products formed on weathering steels or on conventional steels have a similar structuration consisting of a layer of laminated lepidocrocite over denser and more protective corrosion products, usually goethite. These products extend up to forming a relatively homogeneous protective layer. The analysis of the defects of the patinas suggests a very close relation between their density and the corrosion rate. Alloying elements would then play a role in reducing these defects but the exact mechanisms remain to be established. All these results have led to questioning the parameters of the predictive corrosion resistance model of the ISO 9223 standard because they are not adapted to environments with very low level of SO2. They also made it possible to propose an alternative and on destructive method of monitoring the corrosion’s performance of low-alloy steels, this family encompassing so-called weathering steels
Diop, Ibra. "Contribution à l’étude de la résistance chimique et mécanique des matériaux métalliques, (acier T91 9%Cr1%Mo en masse) en environnements complexes dans les réacteurs nucléaires : Corrosion et protection en présence de l’eutectique Plomb-Bismuth liquide ; Etude thermodynamique du système Pb-Bi-Hg-Fe-O." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10115/document.
Full textThe development of sub-critical nuclear reactors (Accelerator Driven System - ADS), intrinsically safe to incinerate nuclear waste by transmutation of long-lived actinides to radionuclides with a shorter existence, requires intense sources of neutrons. These sources are produced by the "ejected" spallation technique, i.e. the interaction of a high energy, high intensity proton beam with a target containing heavy metals. Considering the power of the proton beam transferred to the target (of a few MW), only metals in the liquid form can be cooled in a closed cooling system and resist to nuclear reactor induced by the proton beam. In this context, the MEGAPIE project (MEGawatt PIlot Experiment), which works with a window at the spallation target, is pioneer and opens the way for high-power targets. The choice of the alloy for the MEGAPIE spallation target is a lead-bismuth eutectic, which is efficient for producing neutrons. For the window beam and hot parts, the best choice at present is the T91 steel (1%Mo9%Cr in mass), due to its good irradiation resistance. For cold parts, the 316L steel was chosen. However, the contact of the two alloys (eutectic lead-bismuth and T91 steel) presents some inconveniences that need to be investigated in relation to their physico-chemical properties in the MEGAPIE environment, which motivates this study. The contribution of this work to this subject consisted of : - In a part, the development of coatings designed to improve the chemical and mechanical performances of the T91 steel in contact of the lead-bismuth eutectic liquid alloy, - In another part, the investigation of the thermodynamic properties of the Pb-Bi-(Hg)-Fe-Cr-Al-O system for all phase equilibria within the conditions imposed by the operation of the ADS reactor. The second part of this work is justified by the results, which, for the first time, highlight the role played by the mixed oxide phases in the corrosive interaction between the T91 steel and Pb-Bi eutectic, in a poorly oxygenated environment
Skalli, Abdellatif. "Approche thermodynamique de la corrosion métallique par les gaz chauds : étude du comportement d'un acier doux peu allié nu ou aluminisé superficiellement en atmosphère oxydante et/ou sulfurante." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0035.
Full textEl, Hajj Hicham. "Influence des microorganismes sur la corrosion d'un acier non allié dans le contexte du stockage géologique profond des déchets radioactifs." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=397c2bb8-8188-4b61-8e58-08c29f497524.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is part of a research program conducted by Andra (The French national agency for the management of radioactive wastes). It concerns the possible deep geological disposal of high-level and intermediate-level long-lived nuclear waste. In this work, microbiological analysis was used to characterize and identify the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that are present in Callovian-Oxfordian claystone samples, this material being studied as a host rock formation for a disposal site. The effect of the SRB on the corrosion of the P235GH steel containers and liners to be used in the disposal site has been studied. The corrosion rate of the steel coupons measured in batch experiments was high under biotic conditions (~30 μm/year) with the precipitation of mackinawite (FeS) whereas a sterilized blank showed a lower corrosion rate (~14 μm/year). Percolation experiments with claystone cores and steel coupons at 120 bar, simulating compacted conditions expected in disposal conditions, gave results similar to those obtained in batch experiments (e. G. Sulfide production, sulfate reduction). This indicates the plausibility of SRB growth during the construction and operational phases of the repository and, if water is available, their survival, at least temporarily, after the disposal site closure. This microbial activity could lead to an increase of the steel corrosion rate by a factor of two
Remita, Elias. "Etude de la corrosion d'un acier faiblement allié en milieu confiné contenant du CO2 dissous." Paris 6, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004934.
Full textMassol, Karen. "Influence de la microstructure et de l'environnement sur le comportement en fatigue d'aciers inoxydables duplex alliés à l'azote." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-3-4.pdf.
Full textLes essais effectué à l'air ont montré une dépendance du comportement des matériaux en fonction du niveau de déformation. Pour de faibles sollicitations, l'austénite accommode pratiquement à elle seule la déformation plastique. Par contre, dès que des niveaux de déformation trop important sont atteints, la ferrite devient de plus en plus active. La présence d'un milieu corrosif a entraîné une diminution générale des durées de vie des matériaux, l'acier contenant 0. 4wt% d'azote montrant tout de même une meilleure résistance. De même, alors que le matériau ne contenant que 0. 25wt% d'azote a montré une très grande sensibilité à un vieillissement de 200 heures à 475ʿC, la résistance du deuxième alliage n'a pas été modifiée. Les performances de l'acier à 0. 4wt% d'azote ne sont pas directement dues à cette forte teneur en azote mais plutôt à l'effet indirect qu'elle entraîne qui est l'augmentation de la quantité d'austénite au sein du matériau. Ceci constituera nos principales conclusions
Evin, Harold. "Low Cr alloys with an improved high temperature corrosion resistance." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS082/document.
Full textThe improvement of high temperature oxidation resistance of low chromium content steels, such as T/P91, is of great interest in regards with their application in thermal power generating plants. Indeed, they possess good creep properties, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Important needs in energy together with environmental issues place power generation plants under constraints which lead to develop high efficiency systems. A usual way to increase the efficiency consists in increasing temperature and pressure parameters of the power generating plant. Studies has shown that the total efficiency of a plant increases by nearly 8 % when changing the steam parameters from 538°C/18.5 MPa to 650°C/30 MPa. Then, the problem of corrosion resistance of 9% chromium steel in those conditions is asked. In this work, the behavior of a ferritic / martensitic 9% chromium steel has been studied at 650°C in dry air and in water vapor containing environment in both isothermal and thermal cyclic conditions. The weight gain of samples provides information on the kinetics of the oxidation reaction and the adhesion of formed oxide scale. Corrosion products were characterized by several analytical techniques in order to identify oxides with accuracy and to understand their formation mechanisms. Mixed iron and chromium oxides (Cr, Fe) 2O3 are initially formed and provide temporary protection to the substrate. For long time exposure or temperatures above 650°C, magnetite, Fe3O4 and hematite Fe2O3 are the main oxides formed, highlighting the fact that low chromium steel are inappropriate for applications in such drastic conditions. In order to increase the high temperature corrosion resistance of this alloy, various solutions have been proposed as aluminizing by pack cementation, reactive element oxides coatings of by MOCVD, or addition of alloying elements in the steel composition. These solutions were then tested at 650 ° C in dry air and in water vapor environments
Alami, Jaafar el. "Recherche par des essais de traction lente des conditions de corrosion sous contrainte d'aciers faiblement allies." Paris, ENSAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENAM0006.
Full textLe, Breton Jean-Marie. "Etude par spectrométrie Mössbauer de la corrosion d'alliages métalliques : aimants permanents Nd-Fe-B ; acier faiblement allié en eau de mer naturelle." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES050.
Full textBourdoiseau, Jacques-André. "Rôle des espèces sulfures sur le comportement d’un acier non allié en milieu de stockage des déchets radioactifs de type C : interaction sulfures / produits de corrosion." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS328/document.
Full textThis PhD work deals with the nuclear waste disposal. In France, it is envisaged byAndra (French national radioactive waste management agency) that high-level radioactivewastes will be confined in a glass matrix, stored in a stainless steel canister, it self placed in a carbon steel overpack. The wastes will then be stored at a depth of ~500 m in a deep geological repositery, drilled in a very stiff (indurated) clay (argillite) formation. The kineticsof corrosion expected for the overpack in this disposal concept are low and will stay low if the somehow protective rust layer that will develop initially on the steel surface remains undamaged. Local changes of the physico-chemical conditions may however degrade this layer and induce accelerated kinetics of corrosion. In particular, the growth of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) close to the steel overpack cannot be excluded and the sulphid especies these micro-organisms produce may modify the corrosion process. The aim of this work was then to achieve a better understanding of the corrosion system constituted with steel, its rust layer mainly made of siderite FeCO3, and a sulphide-containing electrolyte.First, it proved necessary to characterise the iron sulphides involved in the corrosion processes by Raman micro-spectroscopy so as to study their formation and transformation mechanisms in various conditions of Fe(II) and S(-II) concentration, pH, temperature andaeration. It could be demonstrated that the Raman spectrum of mackinawite FeS, thecompound that precipitated in any case from dissolved Fe(II) and S(-II) species with the experimental conditions considered here, depended on the crystallinity and oxidation state.Moreover, the mechanisms of the oxidation of mackinawite into greigite Fe3S4 in acidicanoxic solutions at 80°C could be described. Finally, iron sulphides, often present on archaeological artefacts, could be identified using Raman micro-spectroscopy. The compounds present were mainly mackinawite and greigite.Secondly, to investigate the nature and properties of carbonated rust layers, carbonsteel electrodes were polarised anodically in NaHCO3 electrolytes continuously de-aerated byan argon flow. The experiments were performed at room temperature. The carbonated greenrust was observed to form at 0.003 and 0.1 mol L-1 NaHCO3 whereas FeCO3 was obtained atthe largest concentrations (0.5 and 1 mol L-1). Additional experiments were performed similarly in solutions of NaHCO3 and Na2SO4. Chukanovite, the Fe(II) hydroxycarbonate with formula Fe2(OH)2CO3, could be obtained in solutions containing 0.03 mol L-1 of eachsalt.Finally, interactions between sulphide species and corrosion products were studied.Siderite, goethite and lepidocrocite proved to be reactive towards sulphide. So, it seems clear that sulphide species produced by SRB should interact with the rust layer before to reach the metal underneath. Tests were performed with ferrous archaeological artefacts immersed 2months in anoxic sulphide-containing electrolytes to demonstrate it. The main effect of theimmersion was the formation of iron sulphide at the interface between the dense corrosion products layer, mainly constitute of siderite, and the transformed medium, where minerals ofthe soil are mixed with corrosion products. Sulphide species were not detected at the vicinityof the iron surface
Diop, Ibra Vilasi Michel. "Contribution à l'étude de la résistance chimique et mécanique des matériaux métalliques, (acier T91 9%Cr1%Mo en masse) en environnements complexes dans les réacteurs nucléaires Corrosion et protection en présence de l'eutectique Plomb-Bismuth liquide ; Etude thermodynamique du système Pb-Bi-Hg-Fe-O /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0115_DIOP.pdf.
Full textBourdoiseau, Jacques-André. "Rôle des espèces sulfures sur le comportement d'un acier non allié en milieu de stockage des déchets radioactifs de type C : interaction sulfures / produits de corrosion." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688136.
Full textPlennevaux, Cécile. "Etude des risques de corrosion et de rupture différée des aciers en présence d'H2S dans les conditions d'exploration de pétrole et de gaz à haute pression et haute température." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0101.
Full textThe production of high pressure (HP) and high temperature (HT) wells has considerably increased in the last decade. It is therefore needed to reassess the risks of corrosion in always more severe environments. This work was three fold to better assess the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) in these environments. Firstly, there was a need to improve prediction methods for the evaluation of HP/HT environments severity, especially the in situ pH calculation. A model was which taking into account the non-ideal behaviour of gas and liquid phases in equilibrium. The determination of the in situ pH and the acid gas fugacity at high pressure and high temperature is more accurate. In a second part of the work, the impact of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) on surface reactions and hence on the risk of SSC was examined. Electrochemical and hydrogen permeation measurements in the absence of an iron sulphide film showed that CO2 induces an increase of both cathodic reactions kinetics and hydrogen charging in the steel, especially at low H2S partial pressure (PH2S). In the last part of this work, SSC tests were performed at constant pH and constant PH2S, with various PCO2 from 0 to 100 bar. The objective was to experimentally confirm that increasing PCO2 increases the SSC risk, as inferred from the electrochemical study. Unfortunately, experimental artefacts linked with autoclave test conditions did not lead to clear conclusions on this point. However, this work shows that conventional tools might lead to underestimate SSC risks at high PCO2 and low PH2S. In these specific conditions, the new results presented in this report may contribute to improve materials selection criteria for high pressure and high temperature conditions
Skalli, Abdellatif. "Approche thermodynamique de la corrosion métallique par les gaz chauds étude du comportement d'un acier doux peu allié nu ou aluminisé superficiellement an atmosphère oxydante et-ou sulfurante /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618614v.
Full textCarpio, Pérez Juan-José. "Étude de la dépassivation et de la repassivation des armatures métalliques dans les bétons." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPA339.
Full textSrisrual, Anusara. "Caractérisation photoélectrochimique d'oxydes thermiques développés sur métaux et alliages modèles." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI012/document.
Full textHigh Temperature Corrosion (HTC), in various and severe atmospheres, of continually more elaborated (composition, micro–structure) metallic alloys, is a rather complex industrial and scientific topic. PhotoElectroChemistry (PEC) acquired a special place in the characterization of physico–chemical and electronic properties of the highly heterogeneous oxidation layers formed in HTC. Through studies of model but industrially representative samples (duplex stainless steel, Ni–base alloy 690), this work presents the development and validation of an experimental set–up allowing for the first time to use the whole set of PEC techniques at the mesoscopic level (typically 30 µm), as well as the validation of an original model of photocurrent energy spectra, developed at SIMaP, allowing to well describe, and accurately fit the latter spectra, and thus yielding, notably, precise bandgap values for the semiconducting components of the thermal scale
Remita, Elias. "Étude de la corrosion d'un acier faiblement allié en milieu confiné contenant du CO2 dissous." Phd thesis, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004934.
Full textVan, der Merwe Ryno. "Corrosion characteristics of steels and metallic alloys used as construction materials in plants exposed to fluorine containing acids." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26652.
Full textThe two hydrofluoric acid (HF) storage tanks used for holding 70% technical grade HF product at the HF plant at Necsa started leaking in March 2012. An evaluation of the failure was conducted in the form of a corrosion failure analysis. It was confirmed that a higher than usual nitric acid (HNO3) content in the technical grade HF stream changed the corrosion mechanisms typically experienced within the HF storage vessels, which then caused the tanks to fail. Immersion type corrosion experiments were done to safely simulate the corrosive environment experienced by the mild steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys used on site, and to predict the change in corrosion rates and characteristics associated with the HNO3 contamination in the HF production plant circuit. Since the corrosion resistance of mild steel in HF is heavily dependent on the thickness of the protective scale on the steel, a series of planned interval corrosion tests (PICTs) was done to reproduce and then examine the oxidefluoride barrier on mild steel coupons in pure 70% HF prior to corrosion tests. These shorter PICTs were also done on the stainless steel and nickel alloys and showed that the prepassivation step had a surface cleaning effect when exposed for only 24 h. Eleven day corrosion tests were conducted to establish the effect of HNO3 concentration and temperature on mild steel corrosion in 70% HF, and to determine the change in corrosion rates and mechanisms associated with HNO3 contamination (0.1-1% HNO3) of the downstream HF products. The corrosion was characterized by analysing the corroded coupons for mass loss, apparent corrosion rates, acid consumptions, visual observations of scale formation and pits, as well as depth profiles from scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses. Linear relationships were frequently observed when analysing mass losses for the coupons over time, making it possible to define corrosion rates in terms of first order reaction kinetics. The harshest corrosive condition for mild steel in HF was determined to be 1% HNO3 in 70% HF at a constant temperature of 25ºC. The corrosion characteristics of alloys used in the HF plant, as affected by HNO3 impurities (in the range 50–10000 ppm) in the final HF acid product (70% Technical grade) were successfully established. Normalized SA516 Grade 70 mild steel and Monel 400 were found not adequate for use as construction materials in a plant where HNO3 contamination was >100 ppm. However, the corrosion resistance of SS 904 L was suitable under these conditions and was recommended for applications in HF solutions where the presence of an oxygen-containing acid (e.g. HNO3) is consistent. It was recommended that Alloy 31, Alloy 33 or Nirosta 4565S, with higher chromium content (>20 wt% Cr), should be considered for construction material of the HF plant when HNO3 contamination becomes unavoidable. However, if the continued use of mild steel at the plant cannot be avoided, other inhibition strategies tailored to the selective consumption of HNO3 in the HF product stream need to be investigated.
XL2019
YANG, DUN-SHENG, and 楊敦勝. "Studies on the electrochemical corrosion of high-entropy FeCoCrNiMox alloys in Hydrofluoric Acids and Fluoride Salts." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bs5335.
Full text中國文化大學
化學工程與材料工程學系奈米材料碩士班
107
The purpose of this research is to investigate the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of high-entropy alloy FeCoCrNiMox (x=0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0) in hydrofluoric acid and fluoride salt. The HEA composition is similar to 316 stainless steel on the market ; the major components Fe. The addition of chromium (Cr) contributes to the formation of a passive film, and the addition of molybdenum (Mo) can effectively resist the pitting of chloride salts. It is interesting to know that the difference may find in the fluoride environments. From the results of XRD analysis, it is observed that when -Mo content between 0 and 0.3, it is a single FCC phase, and when the -Mo content is≧0.7, a large amount of HCP phase appears. As the Mo content increases, the hardness of the alloys is increased unequivocally using a microhardness tester. In this experiment, four kinds of alloys were prepared by arc melting and electrochemically measured by a potentiostat. Anodic polarization curves were obtained in hydrofluoric acid and its sodium salt in three concentrations (0.01M, 0.1M, 1M) to determine all relevant corrosion parameters of the alloy, such as corrosion potential, corrosion current density and passive current density through the potential dynamic polarizations. Use the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS) in terms of Nyquist and Bode plots to establish an equivalent circuit to simulate the interface electric double layer structures. Both SEM and EMPA were employed for the corroded surface analysis both quantitatively and qualitatively.