Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aciers alliés – Propriétés mécaniques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Aciers alliés – Propriétés mécaniques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Chovelon, Eurydice. "Etude de l'influence de la microstructure, caractérisée par microscopie électronique en transmission et nano-usinage ionique "FIB", sur les propriétés mécaniques d'aciers bainitiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30058.
Full textSince few years, new families of steels like dual-phase steels (ferrite/martensite), with interesting mechanical properties have been developed for automobile industry. Nevertheless, some applications need higher mechanical properties, upper than 800 MPa. This is why we have developed, in collaboration (TECSEN – Arcelor), new steels with multiphase microstructure microalloyed with vanadium. In order to do that, it was essential to understand the influence of both the chemistry and the thermomechanical processes on microstructure and precipitation, which determinate the mechanical properties of steels. Four bainitic steels and two simulation products have been made to understand the contribution of each constituant on mechanical properties. The principal tool employed for this work was the transmission electron microscope coupled with an EDX analyzer and an electron energy loss filter. Classical techniques of sample preparation was used and for the first time, focused ion beam FIB was also used to prepare samples. It was found that this tool has played major role to identify all the phases present in the steel. We have showed that the microstructure of these steels consists of inferior bainite containing martensite in variable amounts (4 to10 %). In all the studied steels, the bainite contains ferrite grains and globular cementite. However, the amount of vanadium carbides and intra granular cementite depends on the thermomechanical process applied. The precipitation of small intra granular cementite is present only for particular cooling speed and entry in bainitic region. In this kind of multiphase and microalloyed steels, more than the contribution of the microstructure, the vanadium carbide allowed to reach mechanical properties of about 900 MPa. To reach 1000 MPa, the fine intragranular cementite (1 to 3 nm) is absolutly necessary
Quesada, Olivier. "Etude des phénomènes d'abrasion-corrosion des aciers inoxydables : vers un guide de choix de matériaux." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS068.
Full textSaikaly, Wahib. "Etude par microscopie électronique du rôle de chaque étape du traitement thermomécanique sur la précipitation dans les aciers dual-phase microalliés au titane." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30095.
Full textGiguère, Nicolas. "Développement de nouvelles formulations de poudres métalliques pour la fabrication de composantes de haute performance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27211/27211.pdf.
Full textPu, Xiaoxue. "Thermomechanical study of the gigacycle fatigue behavior of pure iron and carbon-manganese steels : influence of chemical composition and microstructure on damage and crack initiation mechanism." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100051.
Full textThis work attempts to a better understanding of the fatigue damage in ferrite-pearlite steels in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) domain. The influences of two parameters, pearlite phase percentage and free interstitial atoms percentage in solid solution, are investigated to understand dissipative mechanisms under 20 kHz high frequency fatigue loading. In-situ infrared thermography is carried out to record the temperature changes, while fractography studies and microscope observations are conducted to investigate the dissipative mechanism on the surface of specimens.For body centered cubic (BCC) materials, under high stress amplitudes, a sudden increase of the temperature occurs without a crack initiation and fracture. The inevitable temperature increase up to hundreds of degrees at high stress amplitudes, is caused mainly by the screw dislocations mobility, which is the key to explaining the observed fatigue behavior and thermal response of BCC structure under high frequency loading. Therefore, PSBs on surface and micro-voids in matrix emerge massively, accompanying with this abrupt temperature increase. These phenomena are considered as transition of deformation mechanism from thermal regime to athermal regime. At low amplitudes, few PSBs or surface roughness are still observed on the specimen surface. Through the cycles of PSB appearance on armco-iron, it’s found that PSBs are inclined to appear before 1x10(7)cycles, and PSB threshold lies below the conventional fatigue limit. The increase of pearlite phase content weakens the temperature elevation, and strengthens the fatigue properties. The presence of free interstitial atoms in steels results in appearence of a secondary temperature increase in the stabilized temperature part (100-200 degree). This behavior seems to be related to the interaction of edge dislocations with free interstitial atoms. Moreover, the remarkable hardening-softening-hardening phenomenon after the sudden temperature elevation to above 300 degree is thought as the interaction of multiplicated screw dislocations and free interstitial atoms
Godet, François. "Influence de la microstructure sur le comportement mécanique d’une couche nitrurée de l’acier de nuance 33CrMoV12-9 en vue de l’optimisation des propriétés en fatigue." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0046/document.
Full textDesign of high-performance and lighter mechanical systems needs a perpetual work on materials used. In the power transmission field, gaseous nitriding thermochemical treatment enhances significantly the life-cycle of the parts which are higher stressed on the surface. While the contribution of the mechanical property gradients due to the treatment on the fatigue life is well-known, the microstructure effects on the (micro-)plasticity mechanisms remains undetermined. This work concerns exclusively the nitrided 33CrMoV12-9 graded steel, used for gears and bearings in the naval and aeronautical industry. It aims particularly at defining mechanical properties linked to crack initiation mechanisms during high-cycle fatigue. Properties such as Young modulus, hardness, yield stress and fatigue limits are looked at several scales, from microstructural ones to hardened case one. In-situ and post-mortem investigation on loaded and damaged nitrided layers leads to estimating the microstructural influence on local deformations, microplasticity and damage but no particular mechanisms were found. Special fully-nitrided parts were designed to perform the experiments. This tool helps to carry out simple loadings and measure the strain-hardening curve and fatigue limits. Finally, it as been attested that measured properties depend on scales, means and methodology
JEUNEHOMME, Sylvie. "Relations propriétés mécaniques - microstructure des aciers de structure perlitique." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0320.
Full textShigesato, Genichi. "Développement de structures de dislocations dans les aciers : relation avec les propriétés mécaniques." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0102.
Full textThe mechanical behaviour and the evolution of the dislocation substructure of 1. 5% Cu added ferritic steels with various aging time are investigated after shear deformation. The aged materials are hardened by sm ail copper precipitates «1 Onm). The hardening behaviours for precipitate sizes ranging from 1 to 10 nm are analysed. Transmission electron microscopy observation show that the dislocation microstructure is not uniquely related to the strain rate or the level of the cumulated strain. This indicates that the patterning is promoted by the dislocation mutual interactions and delayed with the applied stress level. The evolution of the local misorientations measured by automatic orientation indexing procedure shows also that they are not correlated with the dislocation substructure aspect. Finally, a numerical modelling based on 3D discrete dislocation dynamics is developped in order to compute the effect of the precipitate distance on the dislocation annihilation rate
Galtier, André. "Contribution à l'étude de l'endommagement des aciers sous sollicitations uni ou multi-axiales." Paris, ENSAM, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENAM0008.
Full textUenishi, Akihiro. "Comportement thermodynamique à grandes vitesses de déformation des aciers sans interstitiels à durcissement par solution solide." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132035.
Full textNaser, Hasan. "Développement de micro-composites architecturés en aciers inoxydables duplex : élaboration, microstructure et propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI024/document.
Full textThe use of duplex stainless steel (DSS) grades for structural applications is considered as one of the most significant advances impacting the construction sector. This is because of their high mechanical properties coupled with interesting functional properties such as corrosion resistance or even the low thermal conductivity compared to carbon steels. Due to their complex microstructure and interaction between the phases, DSS have a significant potential for unique properties. A better understanding is needed to give the possibility to obtain break through properties and to provide the possibility to design tailor-made, architectured DSS for specific applications. In this work we proposed a different approach from that used until now to understand the behavior of DSS. The strategy adopted in this work was a top-down strategy in which at least two bulk metals with well known behavior and properties are mechanically alloyed by Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD). This proposed strategy served two main objectives: i) enhancing the properties by microstructure refining down to sub-micron scale ii) elaborating a material model for understanding the DSS behavior obtained by the conventional metallurgical methods. The first objective of this work was, therefore, the implementation of a methodology of manufacturing using SPD technique by co-drawing. This technique will allow obtaining an ultra-fine microstructure of 316L/430LNb composites. One of the challenges met during our study was the significant inter-diffusion during heat-treatment step necessary during processing preventing by consequence further refining. An optimization investigation was carried out to account the role of this inter-diffusion for 316L/430LNb couple. Multi-scale micro-composites have been then obtained. In this work, we showed the limitation of this process in terms of microstructure refining. A rationalization of these limits was given by studying the thermo-kinetics of both micro-composites and bulk materials. In parallel with the microstructural evaluation, the mechanical behavior of these new micr-composites was examined. In order to provide a more in-depth explanation of the plastic behavior of our composites, in situ tensile test using high energy X-ray synchrotron have been performed
Arlazarov, Artem. "Évolution des microstructures et lien avec les propriétés mécaniques dans les aciers 'Médium Mn'." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0086/document.
Full textDuring the intercritical annealing of fully martensitic Medium Mn steel, containing from 4 to 12 wt.% Mn, the formation of austenite happens through the so-called “Austenite Reverted Transformation” (ART) mechanism. In this PhD work, the evolution of both microstructure and tensile properties was studied as a function of holding time in the intercritical domain. The microstructure evolution was studied using a double experimental and modeling approach. The final microstructure contained phases of different natures (ferrite (annealed martensite), retained austenite and fresh martensite) and of different morphologies (lath-like and polygonal). A particular attention was paid to the kinetics of austenite formation in connection with cementite dissolution and to the morphology of the phases. A mechanism was proposed to describe the formation of such microstructure. The critical factors controlling thermal austenite stability, including both chemical and size effects, were determined and discussed, based on the analysis of the retained austenite time-evolution. At last, tensile properties of the steel were measured as a function of holding time and the relation between microstructure and mechanical behavior was analyzed. Advanced analysis of the individual behavior of the three major constituents was performed. As a final output of this work, a complete model for predicting the true-stress versus true-strain curves of medium Mn steels was proposed
Faussemagne, Arielle. "Evolution des propriétés de surface de l'acier 100Cr6 par implantation et mélange ioniques." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10167.
Full textWattrisse, Bertrand. "Etude cinématique des phénomènes de localisation dans des aciers par intercorrélation d'image." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20028.
Full textDa, Silva Craidy Pedro. "Interactions Hydrogène-Microstructure-Propriétés Mécaniques dans les Composants en Acier Inoxydable Super Suplex." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI041.
Full textThe increasing demand for energy requires the exploration of oil and gas at deeper water locations and on more severe conditions. These production systems have demanded the use of forged equipments made of higher strength steel grades, such as austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steels. These components are more prone to exhibit loss of ductility and general mechanical performance caused by hydrogen generated e.g. by cathodic protection. Duplex stainless stainless steels components present a vast history of hydrogen damage at low temperatures, due to hydrogen derived from various sources. Even being this kind of damage fairly recurring, various related information remains to be elucidated, due to the complex interaction of hydrogen with the microstructure and localized character of hydrogen generation and transportation in the material. The present work aims to improve the physical understanding of the interaction between hydrogen and the microstructure as well as the effects of different hydrogen charging procedures on the mechanical properties of forged components made of the super duplex stainless steel grade UNS S32750.The development of such understanding involves the evaluation of the effects of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the material through tensile tests in different hydrogen-rich environments. Based on results of slow-strain rate tensile tests, a quantitative relationship between embrittlement caused by gas hydrogen and cathodic charging is proposed, and possible effects of dislocation-assisted hydrogen transportation and embrittlement are discussed. Quantitative and qualitative descriptions of the hydrogen transportation, including analysis of the effects of different microstructures and diffusion paths, and of its position in the lattice and in the microstructure (hydrogen segregation to traps) are proposed. These descriptions are achieved considering results of different testing techniques: permeation tests, thermal desorption spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and neutron scattering
Chen, Meng-Yang. "Précipitations de carbure de vanadium (fibre, interphase) dans des aciers." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI016/document.
Full textThe present thesis gives an overview of carbide aggregates (interphase precipitation and carbide fiber) in vanadium-alloyed steels, covering the aspects of microstructure, modeling, and mechanical properties. The microstructural features of different carbide aggregates by the use of microscopies, and the transition of carbide morphologies is discussed. A new model considering the ledge mechanism as well as austenite decomposition is subsequently proposed according to the observed microstructure. The sheet spacing, particle spacing, and interface velocity, can be calculated and show good agreements with experimental data. Finally, the effect of interphase-precipitated carbide distribution (sheet spacing, particle spacing, and carbide radius) on Orowan strengthening contribution is examined by nano-indentation. By the virtue of small indenter, the mechanical properties of single ferrite grain are able to be extracted.Keyword:
Paris, Antoine. "Étude des Transformations de Phase dans des Alliages base TiAl faiblement alliés en Silicium." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0340/document.
Full textThe goal of this study is the understanding of the influence of silicon on the microstructure of TiAl-based alloys. Small additions of silicon are actually known to improve the heat resistance of these intermetallics. It is shown here that silicon segregates strongly at the microscopic scale during solidification, leading to the apparition of primary silicides in the interdendritic regions. After a study of this segregation, homogenization heat treatments were performed in order to focus on a quantitative study of the solid-solid transformations occuring in these alloys. Thus, silicide precipitation was observed at the gamma/alpha2 interfaces in homogeneous lamellar structures. However, the lamellar structure undergoes its own evolution as the silicides nucleate and grow. The links between these simultaneous transformations are shown by our experimental results, then modelled through simple considerations. As a conclusion, mechanical tests on controlled microstructures give some trends on the influence of silicon on the high temperature mechanical properties of TiAl alloys
Gu, Guochao. "Caractérisation des propriétés d’emploi des aciers thixoforgés : vers la maîtrise du processus de fabrication." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0002/document.
Full textThe thixoforging process is an innovative forming process for the manufacturing ofcomplex parts in the semi-solid state, in fewer forming steps and with a decreased formingforce. The objective of this work is to characterize the microstructure of different steel grades ateach step of the thixoforging process in order to better understand the influence of the processparameters and the mechanisms of deformation, as the microstructure of the material in thesemi-solid state, especially the volume fraction of liquid, is very important. Several 2D and 3Dtechniques (SEM-EDS analyses, CSLM, X-ray microtomography) have been used to evaluatethe liquid fraction of various steel grades (M2, C38LTT and 100Cr6). The results for M2 steelshow a good agreement between 2D SEM - EDS observations and 3D X-ray microtomographyafter quenching, which proves that both techniques are efficient in characterizing high-alloyedsteels in the semi-solid state. The CSLM technique is used to observe the microstructuredirectly at high temperature, with the apparition of liquid and the solidification. Thixoforgingexperiments are finally performed in order to study the influence of the process parameters onthe microstructure: the final part geometry, the material flow etc. After analyzing themicrostructure of the thixoforged parts, some mechanisms of material flow are proposed.Moreover, by comparing the results between the thixoforging experiments and the hot forgingsimulations, it is found that the material flow is very different from that of hot forging process,which results from the material behavior. The latter is very sensitive to the process parameters;an accurate process control is necessary
Robert, Laurent. "Etude par microscopie acoustique de l'influence des irradiations sur des aciers inoxydables." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20058.
Full textGU, Guochao. "Caractérisation des propriétés d'emploi des aciers thixoforgés : vers la maîtrise du processus de fabrication." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935539.
Full textCau, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude des transformations de phases et du comportement mécanique d'aciers non alliés à hautes températures après chauffage rapide par conduction électrique." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10145.
Full textLibert, Maximilien. "Etudes expérimentale et numérique de l'effet des mécanismes de plasticité sur la rupture fragile par clivage dans les aciers faiblement alliés." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413677.
Full textLes modèles d'approche locale de la rupture par clivage constituent l'un des principaux outils de prédiction de la ténacité des aciers faiblement alliés. La dispersion des contraintes à rupture est interprétée comme un effet de la distribution des défauts dans la microstructure, mais l'effet des hétérogénéités mécaniques n'est pas pris en compte. Or, en dessous d'une température de transition de comportement Ta (de l'ordre de 25°C), les mécanismes de déformation sont grandement affectés par la température et la vitesse de déformation.
Notre approche consiste à prendre en compte l'effet des hétérogénéités de contraintes dans un critère local d'amorçage du clivage. Les résultats de calculs de microstructure sont utilisés pour proposer une description statistique de l'évolution des distributions de contraintes locales. Cette approche statistique permet de proposer un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture dépendant à la fois des hétérogénéités mécaniques et des distributions de tailles de défauts.
Le comportement du matériau et son évolution sont caractérisés aux échelles microscopique et macroscopique dans le domaine de température [25°C,-196°C]. Des essais de traction simple, de sauts de vitesse et de température, et de ténacité sont réalisés.
Nous proposons un modèle de comportement micromécanique décrivant le comportement plastique en dessous de la température de transition Ta. La loi de comportement est basée sur les mécanismes de déformation décrits dans la bibliographie et identifiée par méthode inverse à partir des essais mécaniques. Les observations au MET et la caractérisation du comportement activé thermiquement permettent de fixer plusieurs paramètres du modèle.
Des simulations sont réalisées afin de modéliser les distributions de contrainte principale σ1 dans deux microstructures bainitiques correspondant au volume élémentaire de l'approche locale de la rupture. L'effet de la température et de la triaxialité sur l'évolution des hétérogénéités est caractérisé. Nous proposons une fonction de distribution décrivant la distribution des valeurs locales de σ1 en fonction des contraintes principales et équivalente <σ1> et <σmises> moyennes dans la microstructure.
Cette fonction est utilisée pour formuler un modèle d'approche locale de la rupture intégrant la distribution des tailles de défauts critiques et les distributions de σ1. On montre que dans certains cas, la dispersion des contraintes locales suffit à expliquer les dispersions des contraintes à rupture à l'échelle du volume élémentaire. Les dispersions de contraintes à rupture sont en accord avec celles prédites par le modèle de Beremin. La prise en compte des hétérogénéités mécaniques permet d'introduire une dépendance de la probabilité de rupture en fonction de la température, de la déformation et de la triaxialité. Il reste à appliquer le modèle d'approche locale au calcul d'éprouvettes CT et de comparer les dispersions de ténacités simulées à celles mesurées expérimentalement.
Phelippeau, Antoine. "Etude expérimentale du rôle de la microstructure et du vieillissement sur les propriétés mécaniques des aciers perlitiques fortement tréfilés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0928.
Full textThe aim of this study was to contribute to the understanding of both the plasticity mechanisms and the post-drawing ageing phenomenon of heavily drawn pearlitic steel wires which tensile strength is commonly higher than 3000 MPa. The first part, dedicated to a multi-scale experimental study of the mechanical properties of heavily drawn wires ( =3. 5), shows that more than half of the tensile strain hardening is due to kinematic hardening. The latter is would be related to the internal stresses caused by the plastic strain heterogeneities between ex-pearlitic colonies, according to observations at micro- and nanometric scales. Some results lead to the hypothesis of a "pseudo-martensitic" lattice formation due to the combined effect of the deformation and cementite dissolution in the die. Well-known mechanisms involved during martensite tempering have been considered but no evidence of such mechanisms is observed
Voicu, Raluca. "Évolution microstructurale à haute température et propriétés mécaniques d'aciers austénitiques Fe-Cr-Ni." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT132G.
Full textThe HP40-Nb modified austenitic stainless-steels are used for reformer tubes fabrication in the refining, petrochemical and fertilizer industries, and especially by Air Liquide for cracking reaction of hydrogen. These tubes are the main components of hydrogen production plants. The tubes are designed for exploitation duration of around 11 years. Nevertheless, the operation of the facilities under more severe conditions leads to a greatly decreases the lifetime of these components. These tubes are prone to various degradation mechanisms. The combination of factors such as local overheating, a complex stress field (induced by the heat, the internal gas pressure and weight of the tubes), a corrosive environment inside and an oxidant atmosphere outside of the tubes can lead to premature rupture, braking of these parts. The objective of this study is to understand the coupling between the microstructural aging and mechanical behaviour in creep regime in order to establish a new criterion for end of life of reformer tubes. Microstructural examinations of aged structures have allowed to highlight the effect of several important factors, like the chemical composition and the environment, and to establish a TTT diagram for these steel grades. The systematic study of the creep mechanical behaviour has enabled to identify several factors that influence the lifetime of these alloys, like aging and a change of creep mechanism when passaging from high to low stress levels. Metallographic observations and quantification of the damage confirmed the creep tests results. A criterion for the end of life has been established by integrating these data. Finally, we proposed two thermal loading protocols to optimize the time to rupture of these tubes
Danylova, Olena. "Etude des relations microstructure/propriétés mécaniques des aciers bas carbone microallies, en fonction des paramètres du traitement thermique et thermomécanique." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0038.
Full textLow carbon micro-alloyed steels produce today a lot of metallic materials having high level of potentialities because of the possibility to use an elaboration processing more economic in association with interesting mechanical properties. Especially ' such steels have high mechanical strength coupled with a high toughness and a low brittle/ductile transition temperature. Our study has consisted in approach of characterization at two levels: - First one is a micro structural characterization by using of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis devices. - the second corresponds to a mechanical testing investigation such as tensile test, Charpy-V or U-notched test, BDWTT test, nano-hardness. The finality of these investigations has to carry out the correlation between the varied types of “bainitic” microstructures and the mechanical properties. The mixing of the bill type bainite and the tempered martensite provides the better compromise between the requirements asked for applications. However, this compromise is accessible only with the contribution of the micro-alloyed elements, which originate a precipitation under the form of the carbonitrides. These last contribute to the grain refinement in steels. This condition is absolutely necessary in order to have a high level of mechanical properties
Kacem, Hassine. "Influence des chargements cycliques sur les propriétés mécaniques des aciers à 9% de nickel et 316L dans des conditions cryogéniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10056.
Full textIn last few decades, there has been increasing interest in the exploitation of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). It is a fast growing market with many projects of storage terminal installation. Liquefied natural gas is transported and stored in reservoirs with increasingly important capacities at very low temperatures (~ -163°C). This requires the use of special materials with tailored properties at cryogenic temperatures. The storage terminals must operate safely during their life. This imperative security must be taken into account at the design stage and throughout the operating period. This study provides a significant contribution to the verification and understanding of the behavior of 9% Nickel steel and 316L austenitic steel used for the construction of large reservoirs and loading-unloading arms respectively. Mechanical behavior of these materials is studied at room temperature and -196°C using conventional mechanical tests and Small Punch Test. The cycling test matrix is proposed in order to assess effects on installations due to consecutive filling-emptying cycles. The mechanical characteristics of the materials and some of welds are carried out and compared before and after cycling
Harzallah, Ridha. "Étude du comportement mécanique et tribologique des aciers austénitiques au manganèse : application aux cœurs de voies ferroviaires." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00539563.
Full textSoto, Richard. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission de la précipitation en relation avec les propriétés mécaniques dans les aciers Dual-Phase microalliés au titane." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30074.
Full textNicaise, Nicolas. "Effets de longueur interne sur les propriétés effectives des polycristaux métalliques : applications aux aciers." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ045S/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study the effects of internal lengths, as the grain size on the mechanical behavior of IF steels with micromechanical models. After a literature review about different length scale effects observed in plasticity (grain size effects...) and existing scale transition methods, this work is divided into three steps. First of all, a self-consistent scheme written for heterogeneous elastic-viscoplastic materials is used to study the grain size dispersion effects on the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline aggregates, ignoring the heterogeneities of crystallographic orientations. These effects are as important as those due to the average grain size and crystallographic texture. In a second time, the same transition scale scheme is used to study the combined effects of grain size dispersion and crystallographic orientation. It appears that the effect of the grain size dispersion is larger than the effect of crystallographic texture on the tensile behavior. The third step is to develop new approaches with non-uniform plastic deformation inside the grain, in order to capture the effects of grain size through new interaction laws. Thus, two different models are proposed : a “discrete” one, considering dislocation distributions constrained by grain boundaries, and, an “averaged” one, accounting for plastic strain gradient in the region close to grain boundaries. These new approaches allow to reproduce the grain size effects observed on the mechanical behavior of metallic materials, in particular for IF steels
Viellard, Laurence. "Influence du mode d'élaboration (filière fonte ou filière électrique) sur les caractéristiques des aciers doux galvanisés et laqués en continu." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-474.pdf.
Full textStienon, Alexandre. "Contribution à la modélisation de la durée de vie des roulements à partir des caractéristiques inclusionnaires des aciers : concentration, morphologie, propriétés mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0046/these.pdf.
Full textDespite important efforts made by steel makers to improve the cleanliness of steel, inclusions are still present in steel and produce spallings when placed in subsurface of bearings. For any steel makers, being able to predict the lifetime of bearings from the inclusion characteristics of the steel is a major challenge. Most of the existing models only take into account part of the inclusions characteristics. The aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to take into account the most important characteristics (concentrations, size distributions, morphological and mechanical characteristics). To create this new model, an approach based on both characterization and modelling has been used. X-ray micro-tomography has for the first time been applied to the detailed morphological characterization of inclusions. The mechanical properties of these inclusions have been investigated by nano-indentation. Concentrations and size distributions have been obtained thanks to high frequency ultrasounds. All these data have then been used for the modelling. The developed model is based on the calculations of stress fields by finite element method. These calculations have permitted to obtain the stress concentrations produced by the inclusions and the size of the region where plastic strain occurs, in which dislocations accumulate and initiate fatigue cracks. Propagation of these cracks up to the surface has then been modelled by Paris laws. For stringers, an additional stress concentration factor has been introduced in order to take into account the interactions between constitutive inclusions. Once this done, a Monte-Carlo method has been used to virtually distribute inclusions in batches of simulated bearings, in accordance with the concentrations, size distribution and other characteristics obtained experimentally. The free parameters of the model have then been adjusted until a good coherence between numerical predictions and experimental results has been obtained. Consequently, it is now functional and can be used as a good tool to predict lifetime of bearing and optimize the elaborating conditions of steel in relation with the sought applications
Villegas, Randolfo. "Genèse de la ferrite aciculaire dans les aciers à moyen carbone microalliés au vanadium. Morphologie fractale en relation avec les propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL086N/document.
Full textMedium carbon vanadium microalloyed steels have been developed to obtain new microstructures, mainly formed of acicular ferrite (AF). Controlling the chemical composition and (0.1-0.3 % V) and the cooling rates (2.0 °Cs-1) lead to AF fractions up to 80 %. An empirical parameter, the ferritisant power, P, has been introduced to evaluate the combined effect of chemical composition and cooling conditions. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy investigations indicate that AF develops from proeutectoid ferrite enveloping MnS inclusions. An interphase precipitation of vanadium carbo-nitrides, V(C,N) has been identified. It is suggested that this precipitation is at the origin of carbon depletion in the austenitic matrix surrounding the AF plates. The formation of the AF is then enhanced by an autocatalytic effect. The fractal nature of AF has been determined by SEM and TEM characterisations. Fractal dimensions, D, and cut off lengths have been derived by the counting box method applied to SEM images. Mechanical tests conducted in isothermal and quasistatic conditions reveal that mechanical properties of AF are of the same grade of that of bainitic microstructures. Experimental strain-stress curves are described by the Hollomon law. The work hardening of the studied microstructures increases with the AF fraction. The mechanical properties have been linked to the fractal dimension by the following exponential relation : [delta]M = c exp [[alpha] (D -2)], where M represents the mechanical property (Re, Rm, etc.) and c and [alpha] are constants parameters
Belhassan, Mohamed. "Étude comparée, en régime élastoplastique, de la rupture de l'acier Hadfield Z120M12 et de l'acier 10CD9-10 : approches globales en mécanique de la rupture : aspects physiques et méthodologies expérimentales." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112400.
Full textHamdi-Bellini, Radia. "Comportement quasi-statique et dynamique des aciers pour frappe et forge à froid." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1018.
Full textMabille, Pascal. "Évaluation des hétérogénéités locales de déformation d'aciers extra-doux sollicités en traction et en fatigue." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0005.
Full textThoumire, Olivier. "Influence de la nitruration en lit fluidisé sur les propriétés structurales, mécaniques et magnétiques d'alliages FeSi et FeSiAl." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES003.
Full textEl, Ghazal Hayat. "Etude des propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques des aciers 16NiCrMo13 cémenté et 32CrMoV13 nitrure : application à la prévision de leur limite d'endurance en fatigue de roulement." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0043.
Full textThe microstructural and mechanical properties profiles of 16NICR. MOl3 carburized and 32CrMoV13 nitrided steels have been studied. The carburised steel exhibits a martensitic structure whereas the nitrided steel is ferritic and hardened by thin precipitates which properties have been studied by T. E. M. . To characterise microplasticity properties profiles, we have developed, by means of finite elements calculations, an original method to identify the work hardening law from nano-indentation tests. A study of rolling contact fatigue behaviour of these steels, under elasto-hydrodynamic conditions, shows that, for the carburised steel, damage starts from carbides formed during the carburizing process. For the nitrided steel, damage has only been observed for very high contact pressures. It devewps within the most stressed area under the surface, which undergoes a microstructural evolution during fatigue. Finally, we have calculated a wwer bound of the fatigue limit of these materials from damage mechanisms that have been observed. These calculations are based on the comparison between the friction limit profiles, controlling dislocations movements, and the Tresca shear stress profile resulting from contact pressure and taking into account the carbides influence in the case of carburised steels
Shiekhelsouk, Mohamad Najeeb. "Modélisation polycristalline et étude expérimentale du comportement mécanique d'aciers Fe-Mn à l'effet TWIP : prise en compte du traitement thermique d'élaboration sur le maclage et les contraintes internes." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ038S/document.
Full textSteels having TWIP effect (TWinning Induced Plasticity) are very interesting for the worldwide siderurgy, because they simultaneously combine very high mechanical strength and ductility. These excellent mechanical properties are related to the presence of mechanical twinning, the so-called TWIP effect. The major objective of this thesis is to study the TWIP effect on several grades of Fe-Mn steels (entirely austenitic, austeno-ferritic duplex) in order to develop a predictive behavior law of steels with TWIP effect. The first part of this work consisted of the modelling of the behavior of Fe-Mn-C austenitic steels having TWIP effect. A micromechanical model using the scale transition method in elastoviscoplasticity has been developed. It is based on a physical description of the deformation mechanisms considered in this study: crystallographic slip and mechanical twinning. The twin-slip and twin-twin interactions in relation with the hardening behaviour at the polycrystal scale and the grain scale have been finely analyzed.The second part of this work is concentrated on the characterization of the behavior of Fe-Mn-Al-C duplex steels by X-rays diffraction in order to evaluate the initial internal stresses in the two phases as well as their evolution with the deformation during an in situ tensile test. A modeling of the duplex steel behavior was established in order to develop an optimization tool of the microstructure (proportion of the ferritic/austenitic phase) in an approach "Alloy design". Then, tests of heat treatment were made in order to generate the TWIP effect in the duplex steels
Durrenberger, Laurent. "Analyse de la pré-déformation plastique sur la tenue au crash d'une structure crash-box par approches expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ041S/document.
Full textTo preserve the integrity of vehicle passengers during a crash constitutes a major goal for the automotive manufacturers since many years. The aim of this Ph-D thesis is to analyze the effect of a plastic prestrain on crash properties of a crash-box structure. The loading history is composed of at least two phases. The first phase is the forming process, in general under quasi-static conditions. The subsequent loading is due to a crash event. The behavior of three steels frequently used in the automotive industry has been studied (BH260, DP600, TRIP800). The experimental characterization of the steels shows the effect of a quasi-static prestrain on subsequent dynamic tensile curves. In addition, a large experimental crushing campaign of structures revealed that the prestrain process improves the crash behavior despite a reduction of the wall thickness. Two phenomenological models are then proposed to describe the strain-hardening effects and strain-rate sensitivity of metals. The model predictions show a very good agreement with experimental results for a wide range of strain-rate. Strain-rate history effects are well accounted for by one of the models. Finally, a numerical approach is performed where the variables calculated during the stamping (residual stress, equivalent plastic deformation, final thickness) are taken into account during the crash simulation under dynamic loading
Gilmas, Margaux. "Εndοmmagement des aciers frittés utilisés dans la cοnceptiοn autοmοbile : optimisatiοn de l'élabοratiοn et de la tenue mécanique." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2017.
Full textThe goal of this PhD is to understand damage and fracture mechanisms in sinter-hardened steels for applications in automotive industry. Their martensito-bainitic structure gives them high mechanical properties in static loading such as compression or contact. However, the huge amount of surface porosity leads to anomalies in the behavior. In order to anticipate the degradation of sintered parts and to predict their durability, it is necessary to better grasp damage mechanisms leading to the deterioration of these materials. This PhD is divided into two main axes: one part is more industrial and the other more academic. All this work has provided the company Faurecia advanced scientific expertise on sintered steels used in their products. Thanks to a global structural characterization, selection criteria for sintered materials have been revealed and a characterization protocol defined. Those studies also constitute an academic support for the comprehension of the relation between microstructure and damage in tension as well as the determination of the origin of the fracture and of the strain in sintered steels
Barreto-Phan, Hoang Maria Luisa. "Transformations structurales dans des aciers contenant douze pour cent de chrome et cinq ou sept pour cent de nickel : incidence de l'austénité de réversion sur les propriétés mécaniques." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112322.
Full textThe production of austenite by the reverse martensitic transformation has been studied. The alloys concerned by this study are two 12 % chromium low carbon steels containing respectively 5 and 7% nickel. Thermal treatments have been done in the temperature range of (Acd – Acf) called intercritical range. The kinetic of the a' → Y transformation, the volumic fraction of reversed austenite and its stability after a subsequent cooling have been investigated as a function of the intercritical temperature. The purpose of such treatments is to develop on optimal mixture of tempered martensite and reversed austenite structure, which should improve the studied alloys mechanical properties and especially their high temperature properties. This seems to be tightly related to the high dislocations density observed in the reversed austenite which -besides- is dispersed as thin islands in the matrix
Chottin, Jérôme. "Etude de l'endommagement des aciers Dual Phase : application au procédé de mise en forme par cambrage." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2069.
Full textThe damage mechanisms activated by forming processes with high level of deformation are studied in Dual Phase steels (DP1000). The main objective is to describe and quantify the evolution of the void area fraction depending on stress state. This description is meant to allow the anticipation of the material failure during bending. For this reason, mechanical tests are being conducted on samples with complex geometries, in parallel with finite element analysis. By the means of simple tools, these tests allow us to apply solicitations on the material within a determined range of stress states, including most of the forming processes. The microstructural examination of the specimens reveals the creation of cavities at the ferrite/martensite interfaces after the deformation process, as well as a high sensitivity of initiation, growth and coalescence mechanisms in the stress state. These results are used to calibrate the modified Gurson model (GTN) and the Johnson-Cook fracture criterion. In addition to this, nanoindentation cartographies are created to describe the properties of the interfaces during the deformation process. These tests highlight the differences in plastification between the two phases and the heterogeneous hardening in ferrite due to the local stress distributions. Thus, this study deals in wider terms with the definition of damage in materials as well as the differences between macroscopic and microscopic stress states
Dépinoy, Sylvain. "Evolution microstructurale d'un acier 2.25Cr - 1Mo au cours de l'austénitisation et du revenu : croissance des grains austénitiques, séquence de précipitation des carbures et effets sur les propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0049/document.
Full textThis work aims at optimizing tensile and toughness properties of a 2.25Cr – 1Mo steel by controlling its microstructure through heat treatments. To this aim, phase transformations during austenitization, quenching and tempering have to be understood. Quantitative microstructural analyses were performed by means of SEM, TEM and XRD to characterize and model metallurgical evolution of the steel at each step of the heat treatment. The evolution of austenite during the austenitization stage, and its influence on the resulting as-quenched microstructure were thoroughly investigated. Austenite grain growth was modelled in order to understand its mechanisms, including the limited growth phenomenon observed at lower temperatures. The effect of austenitization conditions on further decomposition of austenite and on mechanical properties after quenching + tempering was experimentally determined. An optimal austenitization condition was selected and applied to study the tempering stage. Carbide precipitation was studied for various tempering temperatures and amounts of time. M3C carbides precipitate first, followed by M2C and M7C3; M23C6 are the equilibrium carbides. The influence of carbide precipitation on mechanical properties was studied. Tensile properties are closely linked to the tempering conditions in the range investigated, while impact toughness remains stable
Louche, Hervé. "Analyse par thermographie infrarouge des effets dissipatifs de la localisation dans des aciers." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259398.
Full textA partir d'un traitement d'images thermiques infrarouge (effets) et de l'équation de diffusion de la chaleur, on propose une méthode permettant d'estimer les sources de chaleur (causes) générées par le processus de déformation.
Sur certains aciers doux, on met en évidence la propagation à vitesse uniforme d'une ou plusieurs bandes dissipatives étroites à travers la zone utile de l'éprouvette. Comparativement à ce premier mode (bandes de Lüders) où les effets dissipatifs sont soudains, intenses et très localisés, on met en évidence le caractère plus régulier et progressif de la concentration des zones où se développent les irréversibilités mécaniques menant à la striction localisée. Des "indicateurs de localisation énergétiques'' proposés pour détecter la localisation montrent qu'elle peut apparaître avant le maximum de la charge, dans plusieurs zones de l'éprouvette. Ce constat implique que la partie utile d'une éprouvette doit être considérée comme une structure et non comme un élément de volume réagissant de façon homogène, ce qui n'est pas sans conséquences sur les méthodes d'identification des modèles de comportement utilisés, en particulier, dans les approches théoriques de la localisation.
Enfin, d'autres expériences ont permis de mettre en évidence des manifestations énergétiques associées à des formes particulières de localisation : propagation de fronts de changement de phase (acier inoxydable A301), effets dissipatifs associés à des bandes de glissement (acier magnétique HiBiGO), effets dissipatifs localisés dans des bandes de cisaillement (polymère PVC).
El, Mansori Mohamed. "Influence du champs magnétique sur le comportement biologique des couples acier xc48 / (acier, cuivre et graphite)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL067N.
Full textAlih, Sophia. "Effet des aciers inox sur le comportement structural des éléments en béton armé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0083/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on studying the behavior of composite concrete reinforced with inoxydable steel. The behavior of a bare steel bar is not the same as that of a bar embedded in concrete. The grip allows the concrete between cracks to resist tensile forces, thereby reducing the average level of stress in the reinforcement steel bars. The consideration of this effect required an experimental and numerical methodology to determine the parameters that describe the transfer of part of the tensile stress in steel bars to concrete. A new constitutive law has been specifically developed for the inoxydable steel bars. This law is integrated into a nonlinear modeling approach of reinforced concrete elements based on discretization in horizontal layers for the analysis section and a vertical discretization for the overall analysis. This approach is able to determine the tension stiffening parameters of the concrete. These parameters are identified using an inverse method by comparing experimental results and those from the numerical calculation. The comparison between experimental results and the prediction of the model implemented in Abaqus shows a very good correlation. Finally, the effect of inoxydable steel on structural responses under seismic actions is presented. Three models are designed and analyzed based on the seismic capacity taking into account the structural ductility of the inoxydable steel
Marchal, Arnault. "Comportement thermomécanique d'aciers déformés par essais de torsion à chaud." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL013N.
Full textTougas, Bernard. "Caractérisation de la diffusion du nickel à partir de particules nano et micrométriques prémélangées et son impact sur la microstructure des aciers au nickel utilisés en métallurgie des poudres." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29670/29670.pdf.
Full textHell, Jean-Christophe. "Aciers bainitiques sans carbure : caractérisations microstructurale multi-échelle et in situ de la transformation austénite-bainite et relations entre microstructure et comportement mécanique." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ031S/document.
Full textCarbide-free bainitic steels are part of the 3rd generation of advanced high strength steels, which exhibit high yield strength and an excellent compromise between tensile strength and ductility. These ground – breaking properties are achieved thanks to the characteristics of their microstructure which is constituted of different phases (bainite, austenite and martensite) organized in a specific way (typical bainitic colonies and residual islands). However, relationships between microstructural features and mechanical properties are yet to be thoroughly established. In the frame of this PhD, we investigated these relationships in carbide-free bainitic steels elaborated by an austempering process. Various means of characterization were used in situ and post mortem to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively microstructures elaborated by the decomposition of the austenite in isothermal conditions. The influence of the austempering temperature and the carbon content on the microstructures has been highlighted. Moreover, austempering under Ms allowed elaborating a microstructure constituted of tempered martensite, bainitic ferrite and residual austenite. Tensile and shear tests were performed in order to evaluate their mechanical properties and to estimate the kinematical and isotropic contributions of the workhardening. Results were analyzed in the light of the microstructural characterizations and the effects of some microstructural features have been highlighted. The mechanical behavior of the bainite elaborated under Ms was estimated by a micromechanical approach based on a law of mixtures between the tempered martensite and the compound made of bainitic ferrite and residual austenite
Iung, Thierry. "Propagation rapide et arrêt des fissures dans les aciers pour gazoducs : rupture par clivage et rupture ductile." Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0496.
Full text