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SILVA, CARLOS E. da. "Validacao de metodos para as tecnicas de WDXRF e OES-SPARK na analise de acos. Calculo de incerteza de medicao para amostras de process, aco classe API." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9361.
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Hansson, Mikael, and Kristoffer Hansen. "Ledtidsreduktion vid ACG Nyström." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18854.
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A report has been made at a company in Borås at a company called ACG Nyström. Thecompany is today international and is marketing advanced equipment, systems and furthereducation to the manufacturing industry. A part of ACG Nyström’s production is a machinethey call Unimat. ACG Nyström doesn’t just stand for the actual production of the machine,but also for assembling and installation of the machine at the final customer. The companyalso offers service.The purpose of this task is to create a more flexible production by reducing the lead time ofthe machine Unimat. This flexible production is not a customer demand, but an easier way forACG Nyström to adept to customers’ inability to make up their minds. It’s a problem forACG Nyström when the customer suddenly wants to make some changes in their order in themiddle of the creation of a machine.The report is divided into four phases. The first phase contains the purpose of the work andthe works delimitation. The next phase contains a literature study which is followed by astudy of the situation at the company today, mapping and a company analyze. The last phasecontains improvement proposals and conclusions.To achieve the goals with this examination work, a collecting of literature and studying hasbeen made. The literature study is used as background knowledge for the report’s problemdescription. Discussions about the current situation at the company and improvementproposals are also based on these literature studies. The literature study is general anddiscusses lead time, steering principals and how a faster flow can be reached.iiiThe introduction of Lean production would generate many benefits, for example equalizingthe flow, for the company. Lean production is a modern logistical concept that manycompanies and organisation tries to implement and pursue.One of the factors to the long lead time at the company is the complex internaltransportations, for example the transport between operations in the company. This is a factbecause of the size and weight of the models that have to be transported. Further reasons forthe complex internal transportations are that the operation moments have some distancebetween each other. Not only are the models big and heavy, they also have to be transportedfar. To develop nearness between the operations, a new layout has been created in the currentproduction area.<br>Uppsatsnivå: C
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Gould, Nicholas Daniel. "Enhancing ACOA marital satisfaction a curriculum for the church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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VICTOR, OLAVO B. dos S. "Contribuicao ao estudo da cinetica do envelhecimento de acos 'maraging'." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1990. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10230.
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BONA, ARNALDO. "Analise espectografica de acos inoxidaveis pela tecnica ponto a ponto." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1986. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9866.
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Loera, Diana I. "Examining Relationship Interactions of Adult Children of Alcoholics." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/423.
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The following study explores the factors associated with security of romantic attachment in Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs). ACOAs are more vulnerable to inconsistent parenting and consequently are more likely to develop negative internal models of self, a stable construct that affects romantic attachments (Bowlby, 1982; Ainsworth et al, 1989; Bartholomew, 1990). This study examined associations between parent, and peer relationships as possible resiliencies. It was hypothesized that ACOAs will report less secure attachments with their parents (as measured by the IPPA), less romantic attachment anxiety and avoidance (as measured by the ECR-R), and no significant difference in peer attachment (as measured by the IPPA) when compared to ACONAs. It was also hypothesized that there will be an association between peer attachments and romantic attachments for ACOAs and not for the ACONAS. One hundred forty-three undergraduate students participated in the study. An independent T-test showed no significance for the initial hypothesis. The second hypothesis was partially supported, an independent T-test showed significant findings unique to ACOAs. ACOAs with more positive peer attachments had more positive romantic attachments.
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Pellegrini, Paola <1980>. "ACO: parameters, exploration and quality of solutions." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/724.
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MIRIM, DENILSON de C. "Investigacao da tensao residual na soldagem laser entre o aco carbono AISI 1010 e o aco inoxidavel AISI 304." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9633.
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Ruivo, Mário Paulo Saramago. "Efeito do fogo nas comunidades de aves da Serra do Acor." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26321.
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Apesar de o fogo ser considerado uma perturbação natural no Mediterrâneo, tem aumentado o número de incêndios e o total de área queimada durante o último século, criando assim uma forte influência na diversidade e distribuição de espécies. Portanto, foi aproveitada a ocorrência do fogo na Serra do Açor, que é considerado um hotspot para a avifauna, para perceber qual a influência das diferentes severidades do fogo na comunidade de aves. Neste sentido, foram realizados censos, de modo a registar a abundância e riqueza de aves presentes na área, durante o primeiro e segundo ano pós-fogo. Após a avaliação de vários parâmetros, verificou-se que as aves preferem usar zonas afetadas com baixa e alta severidade, ao contrário de zonas com severidade intermédia. Assim, é crucial compreender como as espécies são influenciadas pelo fenómeno do fogo, uma vez que permite criar critérios a usar em medidas de conservação futuras; Abstract:
Effect of fire in the bird communities of Serra do Açor
Despite fire being a natural phenomenon in the Mediterranean, the number of fires and the total burned area has increased in the last century, and therefore influencing the biodiversity and distribution of species. Keeping this in mind, we analysed the influence of different severities of fire on the bird community, in the specific case of a fire in Serra do Açor, a protected area known as a hotspot for wildlife. We conducted census, registering the abundance and richness of birds present in the area, during the first and second post-fire years. After the analysis of several parameters, we concluded that birds preferred affected areas with low and high severity, and not areas with intermediate level. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how species are influenced by the phenomenon of fire, since it allows to create criteria that can be used in future conservation measures.
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TOTH, HERBERT J. "Estudo comparativo de tecnicas de ataque metalografico para acos-carbono nitretados." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11071.
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POLITANO, RODOLFO. "Modelamento matematico e simulacao computacional do processo de nitretacao de acos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11089.
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Valery, Alexia. "Caractérisation de microtextures par la technique ACOM-TEM dans le cadre du développement des technologies avancées en microélectronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI018/document.
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Afin d’optimiser les composants de l’industrie de la microélectronique, il est essentiel d’établir le lien entre la texture cristallographique des matériaux constitutifs et leurs propriétés électriques, thermiques et mécaniques. Ainsi, il est nécessaire de disposer d’outils capables de cartographier la morphologie et l’orientation cristallographique des grains à l’échelle nanométrique. La technique ACOM, implémentée sur un Microscope Electronique en Transmission (MET), permet d’obtenir ces informations en exploitant les figures de diffraction électronique. Dans cette thèse, les capacités de cette technique sont évaluées, à la fois pour déterminer la microtexture de matériaux confinés dans quelques dizaines de nanomètres, et pour répondre aux problématiques associées à la fabrication de nouveaux circuits. Cette étude montre dans un premier temps l’importance de l’optimisation des conditions opératoires du MET afin de diminuer les erreurs d’indexation. Des analyses quantitatives de microtexture sont ensuite menées sur des films minces de siliciures de nickel-platine pour différents dopage du substrat, concentration en platine, et température de recuit. Enfin, le cas d’une superposition de signaux de diffraction observé lorsque plusieurs grains sont contenus dans l’épaisseur de l’échantillon est étudié. Les résultats montrent que les erreurs d’indexation restent rares dans ce cas et que les grains de plus large fraction volumique sont majoritairement sélectionnés par l’algorithme d’indexation. Une méthode est alors proposée pour traiter la totalité de l’information détectée dans les clichés de diffraction. Elle s’appuie sur l’indexation successive des orientations cristallographiques après soustraction préalable des réflexions associées à l’orientation précédemment indexée. Les capacités de cet outil en termes de caractérisation de la morphologie des grains superposés sont finalement comparées à deux autres techniques basées sur la reconstruction d’images en champ sombre et sur la factorisation en matrices non-négatives<br>The development of advanced nodes in microelectronics requires to understand the impact of crystal size and orientation on the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of materials. New tools have been developed to map the grains orientation and morphology of nanometer-scaled structures. Among them, the Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping technique used on a Transmission Electron Microscope (ACOM-TEM) is based on the indexation of electron diffraction patterns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abilities and limitations of the ACOM-TEM technique for the characterization of microelectronics-related materials. Consequently, its ability to analyze nano-sized materials and the possibility of answering problematics related to microelectronics front-end fabrication challenges were investigated. The study highlighted in the first place the importance of the TEM illumination settings. The results showed that minimizing the electron probe convergence angle even at the cost of a larger size has decreased mis-indexation issues. These optimum settings were used to perform quantitative texture analysis of NiPt-silicide thin films. Finally, the case of superimposed diffraction patterns related to overlapping grains was analyzed. Experiments showed that mis-indexing remains limited despite the superimposition and that grains with larger fraction volume were preferentially selected by template matching. A dedicated method was also proposed to overcome crystal overlapping issues. The approach is based on iterative re-indexation of diffraction patterns after subtraction of the reflections related to the previous ACOM best match. Considering the same diffraction patterns data-set, the capabilities of this method to recover the grains size and morphology were compared to two recent techniques based respectively on the analysis of virtual dark field (VDF) images and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)
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Alameh, Malak. "Phénotypage à haut débit des variants du canal potassique cardiaque hERG." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU1023.
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Le syndrome du QT long de type 2 (SQTL2) héréditaire est un trouble du rythme cardiaque, causé par des mutations perte de fonction dans le gène KCNH2, codant pour le canal ionique cardiaque hERG. Aujourd’hui, plus de 3 000 variants du gène KCNH2 sont répertoriés dans la base de données internationale ClinVar, mais la majorité sont classés comme des variants de signification incertaine (Variant of Unknown Significance en anglais VUS), car leur pathogénicité potentielle n’est pas encore déterminée. La reclassification de ces VUS est primordiale pour améliorer le suivi des personnes affectées. Ce projet a porté sur l'étude de variants identifiés dans la base de données française Bamacœur, avec objectif principal, la reclassification rapide des VUS. Nous avons étudié 303 variants au total reporté dans la base Bamacœur, dont 201 VUS, 81 contrôles pathogènes et 21 contrôles bénins. Tous les paramètres biophysiques sont mesurés, l’amplitude du courant, les courbes d’activation et d’inactivation et les cinétiques. Les valeurs de z-score sont utilisées pour déterminer les zones de fonctionnalité normale ou anormale. La reclassification des VUS est rendue possible grâce aux niveaux de preuve élevés de cette étude. Nous avons identifié 149/201 variants VUS dans la zone de fonction normale et 52 variants dans la zone de fonction anormale. De plus, nous avons identifié des anomalies spécifiques à chaque région de la séquence de hERG. Ces données seront utilisées pour créer une base de données intégrant des informations fonctionnelles, cliniques et génétiques, fournissant un outil précieux pour les cliniciens dans le diagnostic et la prévention du LQTS2<br>Hereditary long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2) is a cardiac rhythm disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the KCNH2 gene, encoding the Herg cardiac ion channel. Today, over 3,000 variants of the KCNH2 gene are listed in the international ClinVar database, but the majority are classified as Variants of Unknown Significance (VUS), as their potential pathogenicity has yet to be determined. Reclassification of these VUS is essential to improve follow-up of affected individuals. This project focused on the study of variants identified in the French Bamacœur database, with the main aim of rapidly reclassifying VUSs. We studied 303 variants in total, reported in the French database Bamacoeur including 201 VUS, 81 pathogenic controls and 21 benign controls. All biophysical parameters are measured, including current amplitude, activation and inactivation curves and kinetics. Z-score values are used to determine regions of normal or abnormal functionality. The reclassification of VUS is made possible given the high level of evidence in this study. We identified 151/201 VUS variants in the normal function zone and 50 variants in the abnormal function zone. In addition, we identified regionspecific abnormalities in the hERG sequence. These data will be used to create a database integrating functional, clinical and genetic information, providing a valuable tool for clinicians in the diagnosis and prevention of LQTS2
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Birchell, Shannon Lloyd. "Trapping ACO applied to MRI of the Heart." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/862.
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The research presented here supports the ongoing need for automatic heart volume calculation through the identification of the left and right ventricles in MRI images. The need for automated heart volume calculation stems from the amount of time it takes to manually processes MRI images and required esoteric skill set. There are several methods for region detection such as Deep Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Ant Colony Optimization. In this research Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) will be the method of choice due to its efficiency and flexibility. There are many types of ACO algorithms using a variety of heuristics that provide advantages in different environments and knowledge domains. All ACO algorithms share a foundational attribute, a heuristic that acts in conjunction with pheromones. These heuristics can work in various ways, such as dictating dispersion or the interpretation of pheromones. In this research a novel heuristic to disperse and act on pheromone is presented. Further, ants are applied to more general problem than the normal objective of finding edges, highly qualified region detection. The reliable application of heuristic oriented algorithms is difficult in a diverse environment. Although the problem space here is limited to MRI images of the heart, there are significant difference among them: the topology of the heart is different by patient, the angle of the scans changes and the location of the heart is not known. A thorough experiment is conducted to support algorithm efficacy using randomized sampling with human subjects. It will be shown during the analysis the algorithm has both prediction power and robustness.
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Johansson, Jenny, and Josefin Filipsson. "ACOA upplevelser av stöd i barndomen och relationer senare i livet : finns det ett samband mellan dessa?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19743.
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Det är många barn som far illa av att leva med vårdnadshavare som har ett alkoholmissbruk. Dessa barn kan utveckla riskbeteenden och få anknytningsproblem, vilket kan hänga med långt senare i livet. Syftet med studien äratt undersöka individer som i sin barndom levt med en vårdnadshavare med ett alkoholmissbruk (eng; ACOA–Adult Children Of Alcoholics) och få en förståelse för deras upplevelser av socialt stöd i deras barndom, samt om de upplever att de har svårt att knyta relationer senare i livet. Syftet är också att se om det finns något samband mellan det upplevda stödet i barndomen och hur relationerna ser ut senare i livet. Teorier som använts är: Bronfenbrenners ekologiska modell, anknytningsteorin och dubbelbindning (eng; double bind). En kvalitativ forskningsmetod har använts och10 semistrukturerade intervjuer med ACOA har genomförts. Resultatet visade att ACOA upplevde ett svagt stöd i barndomen. ACOA upplevde att de i relationer senare i livet fick tillitsproblem som i vissa fall kundel eda till att ACOA fick det svårt att upprätthålla relationer och en hög självständighet. ACOA upplevde även en hög anpassningsförmåga. Två utsagor som inte gick att analysera var att ACOA försvarade andra på grund av den höga anpassningsförmågan samt att alkoholen kändes viktigare än individen själv.<br>There are many children who suffer from living with guardians who have an alcohol addiction. These children can develop risk behaviors and have attachment problems, which can keep up much later in life. The purpose of the study is to investigate individuals who in their childhood lived with a guardian with alcohol abuse (ACOA -Adult Childen Of Alcoholics) and gain an understanding of their experiences of social support in their childhood, and whether they experience that they have difficulty forming relationships later in life. The purpose is also to see if there is any connection between the perceived support in childhood and what ACOA relationships look like. Theories that been used are: Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, attachment theory and double bind. A qualitative research method has been used and 10 semistructured interviews with ACOA have been conducted. The results showed that the ACOA experienced weak support in childhood. ACOA experienced that in relationships later in life they had trust problems which could, in some cases, lead to ACOA finding it difficult to maintain relationships and a high degree of independence. ACOA also experienced a high degree of adaptability. Two statements that could not be analyzed were that the ACOA defended others due to the high adaptability and that alcohol felt more important than the individual himself.<br><p>Handledares efternamn angivet på titelbladet som Waldermansson.</p>
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Grabowski, Gabriel. "ACOS (Akutes Coronares Syndrom)-Register : Auswertung Klinikum Nürnberg im Vergleich zum Gesamtkollektiv." kostenfrei, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34012.
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ANTUNES, RENATO A. "Correlacao entre ensaios acelerados e ensaios de campo em corpos-de-provas de aco carbono e aco patinavel, sem e com revestimento." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11036.
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Fonseca, Marcos Abraão de Souza. "Uma abordagem ACO para a programação reativa da produção." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/454.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-28<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>In the context of automated manufacturing systems, combinatorial optimization problems, such as determining the production schedule, have been focused in many studies due to the high degree of complexity to their resolution. Several studies point to use of metaheuristics for the problem dealt, where different approaches perspectives have been proposed in order to find good solutions in a short time. In this paper, we propose an approach based on Ant Colony Optimization metaheuristic (ACO) for the reactive production scheduling problem in an FMS aiming the combination of problem characteristics with metaheuristic characteristics. For this, the problem is addressed from two perspectives, based on modeling and the search method. The problem representation is characterized by a description of the problem at the operations level, since the production schedule is included in this context. On the model is applied a constructive search method based on ACO that using the collaboration principle, establishing a relationship between operations so that it lead the search for promising regions of the solution space. The goal of this work is to obtain a reactive programming in acceptable response time in order to minimize the makespan values. Experimental results showed an improvement of the results obtained so far by other approaches.<br>No contexto de Sistemas Automatizados de Manufatura, problemas de otimização combinatória, como determinar a programação da produção, têm sido foco de estudo em muitas pesquisas devido ao alto grau de complexidade para sua resolução. Diversos trabalhos apontam para o uso de metaheurísticas para o tratamento do problema, onde diferentes perspectivas de abordagens têm sido propostas visando encontrar soluções de qualidade em um curto espaço de tempo. Neste trabalho, é proposta uma abordagem baseada na metaheurística Otimização por Colônia de Formigas (Ant Colony Optimization ACO) para o problema de programação reativa da produção em um FMS, com o objetivo de conciliar as características do problema com as características da metaheurística. Para isso, o problema é tratado em duas perspectivas, com base na modelagem e no método de busca. A modelagem do problema é caracterizada por uma descrição do problema em nível de operações, uma vez que a programação da produção está incluída neste contexto. Sobre o modelo é aplicado um método de busca construtiva baseado em ACO que usando o princípio de colaboração, estabelece uma relação entre as operações de forma que esta direcione a busca para regiões promissoras do espaço de soluções. O Objetivo deste trabalho é obter uma programação reativa em tempo de resposta aceitável, visando minimizar o valor de makespan. Resultados experimentais mostraram uma melhoria dos resultados até então obtidos por outras abordagens.
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QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M. "Caracterizacao eletroquimica, quimica e morfologica de aco 'galvannealed' comercial." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11080.
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Suski, Cássio Aurélio. "Relação microestrutura e propriedades de aços ao boro tratados termicamente." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95483.
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299907.pdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>A adição de baixos teores de boro nos aços baixo e médio carbono apresenta a característica de aumentar a temperabilidade por atuar na redução da energia livre nos contornos de grão austenítico devido à segregação de átomos de boro nos contornos, reduzindo a formação de ferrita pró-eutetóide. A composição química, a temperatura de austenitização, temperatura de revenido e a velocidade de resfriamento influenciam consideravelmente no efeito do boro no aumento da temperabilidade. O tratamento térmico de têmpera de componentes fabricados em aço ao boro possui alguns fatores que influenciam na escolha das temperaturas de austenitização. Dentre estes fatores há a necessidade de se obter a microestrutura martensítica através de temperaturas que minimizem a degradação do forno de tratamento térmico. Os objetivos desta tese foram estudar o efeito da temperatura de austenitização na precipitação de carbonetos/borocarbonetos e nas propriedades mecânicas dos aços ao boro PL22 e 15BCr30 após têmpera e revenido e a correlação entre as microestruturas obtidas, propriedades mecânicas e temperabilidade. Para avaliar o efeito da temperatura de austenitização e a solubilização do boro foram utilizadas três temperaturas, uma a comumente utilizada na indústria (870ºC - pouco acima da linha Ac3), uma temperatura um pouco acima da temperatura usual (1050ºC) e outra bastante acima (1200ºC). Observou-se inicialmente que o tamanho de grão austenítico aumenta com a temperatura de austenitização após têmpera e revenido. As análises de microestrutura mostraram que a maior porcentagem de martensita foi obtida com a temperatura de austenitização de 1050ºC, devido à redução da energia livre nos contornos de grão austenítico que reduz a nucleação de ferrita. Na temperatura de austenitização de 870ºC a menor quantidade de martensita foi atribuída à baixa porcentagem de boro em solução e a 1200ºC à maior segregação de não-equilíbrio de boro nos contornos de grão, indicada pela precipitação de borocarbonetos. Nas análises realizadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão foi observado a presença de borocarbonetos Fe23(C,B)6 em todas as condições de austenitização, tanto na matriz, quanto nos contornos de grão, porém uma menor quantidade para a austenitização à 1050ºC, proporcionando um melhor efeito do boro no aumento da temperabilidade para esta condição. Finalmente, foram comparados os resultados das propriedades mecânicas com a microestrutura encontrada nos dois aços ao boro. Os resultados mostraram boa concordância entre os valores obtidos nos ensaios e as porcentagens de martensita e a presença de borocarbonetos. Os limites de escoamento e resistência obtidos a partir da austenitização a 1050ºC apresentaram os maiores valores devido ao maior percentual de martensita que está relacionado à menor segregação total de boro nesta condição.
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Solà, Pola Montserrat. "Les proves d'Avaluació Clínica Objectiva i Estructurada (ACOE) en els estudis universitaris d'infermeria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132247.
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INTRODUCCIÓ: Les proves d’Avaluació Clínica Objectiva i Estructurada (ACOE) estant reconegudes com un format eficaç d’avaluació en l’àmbit de la salut i han estat implementades per un important sector d’institucions educatives com les Escoles/Facultats d’Infermeria. Durant els anys 2001-2011 es va portar terme a Catalunya un projecte conjunt entre l’Institut d’Estudis de la Salut (IES) i les Escoles/Facultats d’Infermeria catalanes per a la implementació de les citades proves. L’ACOE es considera un escenari on l’estudiant pot demostrar de forma vàlida i fiable la competència adquirida en el seu període de formació en un entorn molt similar al real. Funciona com un instrument avaluatiu que mesura la competència de forma controlada i objectiva. OBJECTIU GENERAL: Analitzar les proves ACOE com a instrument formatiu i/o avaluatiu en els estudis d’infermeria de pregrau. OBJECTIUS ESPECÍFICS: Valorar, a partir de la concurrència de professorat i alumnes, una proposta formativa-avaluativa en els estudis d’infermeria de pregrau: l’ACOE. Identificar, des de la visió dels implicats (estudiants i professorat), el valor i el que aporten les proves ACOE com a entorn facilitador de l’aprenentatge en els estudis universitaris d’infermeria. Comparar els valors identificats respecte a la prova ACOE amb els descrits a la literatura científica. Elaborar conceptes teòrics inductius a partir dels textos generats pels participants, delimitant algunes orientacions educatives. Fer una proposta per implementar les proves ACOE en els estudis de grau. METODOLOGIA: Tenint en compte els objectius de la present tesi, s’ha optat per una metodologia d’investigació qualitativa i el mètode de la Teoria fonamentada. Per analitzar la visió del implicats en les proves ACOE es va recollir informació tant de l’alumnat participant com del professorat organitzador. Les tècniques utilitzades per recollir les dades van ser diverses. En total, es van entrevistar 15 informants (incloent les entrevistes individuals als docents i els alumnes participants del grup focal) i es van administrar qüestionaris de preguntes obertes a 70 alumnes. Per realitzar l’anàlisi de les dades s’ha utilitzat el mètode de les comparacions constants per buscar el significat de les dades categorizant–les. S’ha emprat el suport informàtic del programa Atlas.ti versió 5.0. RESULTATS: Respecte a l’organització i contingut de la prova, els informants valoren les simulacions de les situacions clíniques que s’utilitzen a la prova com creïbles, rellevants i representatives. D’altra banda, destaquen la importància de que la informació abans de realitzar la prova sigui exhaustiva i acurada, aspecte que es relaciona directament amb el nerviosisme que els hi ha generat als alumnes la seva participació en la prova. El valor i les aportacions de la prova ACOE per l’alumnat són: l’autoavaluació, l’autoconeixement, rebre feedback, la possibilitat d’aprendre, ser un repte per posar-se a prova, refermar la confiança, experimentar en situacions noves o representar un assaig de la vida real. En general, la consideren una experiència recomanable. El professorat destaca la seva capacitat per integrar i avaluar competències, l’objectivitat en l’avaluació i la possibilitat d’avaluar la metodologia docent utilitzada. Els professorat unànimement i una part considerable de l’alumnat es mostra favorable a implementar la prova amb una finalitat formativa-avaluativa integrada com una avaluació continua dins dels estudis universitaris d’infermeria de pregrau. CONCLUSIONS: Per tal de millorar l’aprenentatge i l’avaluació de les competències clíniques dels estudis d’infermeria, incloure una prova ACOE com a part d’estratègia d’avaluació continua amb un enfocament multimètode. S’ha de potenciar l’autoavaluació dels alumnes com a element fonamental de la capacitat autònoma d’aprenentatge i millorar el feedback que reben fent-lo més qualitatiu. Per potenciar la viabilitat de la prova ACOE, cal millorar el seu cost-efectivitat implementant una prova d’unes dues hores de durada i buscant totes les estratègies de col•laboració a l’abast.<br>INTRODUCTION: The Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) has been recognized as an effective evaluation tool in the health field and has been implemented by a large sector of educational institutions, like Schools/Faculties of Nursing. During the years 2001 to 2011, a project between the Institute of Health Studies and the Schools/Faculties of Catalan Nursing took place in Catalonia for the implementation of the OSCE, where the students’ performance was evaluated by a direct observation while they had a clinical encounter with a simulated patient. AIM: To analyze OSCE as a training and/or assessment tool in undergraduate nursing education. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: (1) Identify, from the view of people involved in the evaluation (students and teachers), the value of the evidence OSCE as a facilitator of the learning environment in a Nursing School. (2) Compare the values identified with the OSCE results described in the scientific literature. (3) Develop inductive theoretical concepts from the texts generated by the participants, outlining some educational guidance. (4) Make an approach to implement the OSCE tests in undergraduate nursing. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative research and Grounded Theory Methodology was applied. The information was collected from the students and the faculty involved. Fifteen informants were interviewed (including interviews with teachers and students participating in the focus group) and questionnaires with open-ended questions were administered to seventy students. A constant comparison method was used to perform the data analysis in order to find the meaning of the data, and a computerized program (Atlas.ti) was used to analyze it. RESULTS: With regard to the organization and content of the test, the informants valuated the clinical situations used as credible, relevant and representative. The value and contribution of the OSCE test for the students was: Self-assessment, self-awareness, feedback, the learning and challenge involved. It strengthened confidence and represented a real clinical encounter. In general the OSCE test was considered a recommended experience. The faculty highlighted its ability to integrate and evaluate competence objectively in the evaluation and the ability to assess the teaching methods used. The faculty, as well as an important part of the students, unanimously agreed to develop the OSCE with an educational/assessment purpose within undergraduate nursing Schools/Faculties. CONCLUSIONS: Including an OSCE test with a multi-method approach as part of the evaluation strategy improves the learning and assessment of nursing studies clinical skills. It promotes student self-assessment as a fundamental element of self-learning and improves feedback, making it more qualitative. To enhance the viability of the OSCE test, however, its cost-effectiveness must improve.
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Doerner, Karl, Richard F. Hartl, and Marc Reimann. "A hybrid ACO algorithm for the full truckload transportation problem." SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/74/1/document.pdf.
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In this paper we propose a hybrid ACO approach to solve a full truckload transportation problem. Hybridization is achieved through the use of a problem specific heuristic. This heuristic is utilized both, to initialize the pheromone information and to construct solutions in the ACO pro-cedure. The main idea is to use information about the required fleetsize, by initializing the system with a number of vehicles rather than opening vehicles one at a time as needed. Our results show the advantages of this new approach over more traditional, i.e. sequential, approaches.<br>Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Jesus, Paulo Sérgio de. "Osasco: JOC, ACO e PO no movimento operário (1960-1970)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12992.
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Previous issue date: 2007-06-04<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This essay aims the analysis of the relation between: militants of Juventude Operária Católica - "JOC" (Catholic Workers Youth), Açao Catolica Operaria - "ACO" (Catholic Workers Action), Frente Nacional de Trabalho - "FNT" (National Labor Pool), Pastoral Operária - "PO" (Pastoral of Workers) and the worker class in the city of Osasco, in the 1960's and 70's.
Based on the constituition of JOC, ACO and PO in Santo Antonio and Imaculada Conceiçao churches, I tried to bring out the proposals and tendencies according to the military regime and the present workers. So, I noticed the plurality of existing positions and the ambiance of disputes in which are constituted the catholic workers movements, where different interpretations of work relations and catholic doctrine, for example, were debated and improved.
The sources analysis showed that it is possible to observe a transformation in the movements throughout this period. We can notice the search for alternatives of solution for workers issues, those movements radicalize their speech and point to a construction of new strategies of fight and worker resistance.
Declining an accidental view of the History, the construction of a new syndicalism and base syndicalism did not happen by chance, since the strikes of 1978, neither essentially starting from the Steelworkers Union of SA Bernardo. In the history reconstruction of the work class in Osasco, it is necessary to consider, beside other forces, the acting of catholic militants in the worker and syndical movement and to realize its influence on the authentic syndicalism, mainly in ABC paulista region<br>Esta dissertação visa à análise das relações entre militantes da Juventude Operária Católica (JOC), Ação Católica Operária (ACO), Frente Nacional do Trabalho (FNT) e Pastoral Operária (PO) e a classe operária, na cidade de Osasco, nas décadas de 1960-1970.
Tendo como referência a constituição da JOC, ACO e PO nas igrejas Santo Antônio e Imaculada Conceição, procurei resgatar as propostas e tendências com relação ao regime militar e aos trabalhadores presentes. Notei, então, a pluralidade de posições existentes e o ambiente de disputas em que se constituíam os movimentos católicos operários, onde diferentes interpretações das relações de trabalho e da doutrina católica, por exemplo, debatiam-se e implementavam-se.
A análise das fontes permitiu demonstrar que é possível observar uma transformação nos movimentos ao longo deste período. Observa-se que na busca de alternativas de soluções às questões operárias, estes movimentos radicalizaram o seu discurso e apontaram para a construção de novas estratégias de luta e resistência operária.
Recusando uma visão acidental da História, a construção de um novo sindicalismo e de base não se deu por acaso, desde as greves de 1978, nem essencialmente partindo do Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São Bernardo. Na reconstrução da história da classe operária de Osasco, é preciso considerar, ao lado de outras forças, a atuação dos militantes católicos no movimento operário e sindical e perceber sua influência nos rumos do sindicalismo autêntico, especialmente no ABC paulista
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NEVES, MAURICIO D. M. das. "Soldagem de varetas combustiveis de aco inoxidavel para reatores nucleares." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1986. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9877.
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Sanches, Fabr?cia Medeiros. "Question?rio de Relacionamento Central (CRQ): evid?ncias de validade em pacientes card?acos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2009. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/239.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-27<br>The Central Relationship Questionnaire-CRQ is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate the central relationship patterns, specially related to the lovers relationship. As the Core Conflictual Relationship Them- CCRT the CRQ is divided in three subscales: Wishes (W); Responses from Other (RO), and Responses of Self (RS). The aim of this study was to investigate the internal consistency and the convergent and discriminant validities of the Brazilian version of the CRQc6.0 in coronary patients. Method: The Sample included 40 coronary patients (1G) and 30 people of the community (2G). When compared to the 2G participants of 1G were older (average age 58 vs. 37 years old), predominantly composed by men (65% vs. 43,3%), with lower scholarship level (65% - less of 5 years vs. 47% - complete high school). Instruments: The CRQ 6.0 and the Escala de Sintomas Psicopatol?gicos- EAS-40, a measure of psychopathological symptoms according to the following dimensions: psychoticism (F1), obsessivity-compulsivity(F2), somatization (F3) and anxiety (F4).Results: Results suggested: good internal consistency of CRQ 6.0 (?>0,80) in both groups excepting to RO (?=0,58) in 1G; no significant association between the CRQ 6.0 dimensions and the EAS-40 dimensions in 1G p>0,05); significant association between RO and psychoticism, and between RE and psychoticism, RE and obsessivity-compulsivity; RE and somatization and RE and EAS-total (p<0,01). The discriminant validity analyses between the 1G and 2G pointed to significant differences to the W (p=0,018) and RE (p=0,026) dimensions. Future researches should involve more representative and paired samples. It is still suggested that measures of levels of alexithymia and depression are evaluated.<br>O Question?rio de Relacionamento Central (CRQ) ? um instrumento de autorelato para avaliar o padr?o central de relacionamentos, mais precisamente os relacionamentos amorosos. Originado do m?todo do Tema Central de Relacionamento Conflituoso-CCRT, ? dividido em tr?s subescalas: Desejos (D), Respostas do Outro (RO) e Respostas do Eu (RE). O objetivo foi o de investigar a consist?ncia interna, validade convergente e discriminante da vers?o brasileira do CRQ em pacientes coronarianos. A amostra incluiu 40 pacientes com Doen?a Arterial Coronariana, constituintes do Grupo Um (G1) e 30 acompanhantes do Grupo Dois (G2). Comparado os dois grupos, GC tinha idade m?dia mais elevada (idade m?dia 58 vs.37anos), predomin?ncia do sexo masculino (65% vs. 43,3%) e n?vel mais baixo de escolaridade (62% menor que cinco anos vs. 47% segundo grau completo). Instrumentos: CRQ 6.0 e Escala de Sintomas Psicopatol?gicos-EAS-40 que avalia sintomas psicopatol?gicos segundo as dimens?es: psicoticismo (F1), obsessividade-compulsividade (F2), somatiza??o (F3) e ansiedade (F4). Resultados: Todas as dimens?es do CRQ apresentaram boa consist?ncia interna (?>0,80) em ambos os grupos, com exce??o de RO (?=0,58) no G1. N?o foram encontradas associa??es significantes entre as dimens?es do CRQ 6.0 e as da EAS-40 no G1. No G2 as associa??es foram significantes entre RO e psicoticismo e entre RE e psicoticismo, obsessividade compulsividade e somatiza??o e EAS-40 total (p<0,01). A an?lise de validade discriminante entre G1 e G2 resultou em diferen?as significantes nas dimens?es D (p=0,018) e RE (p=0,026). Pesquisas futuras com o CRQ 6.0 e pacientes com DAC, devem contar com amostras maiores e pareadas. Sugerem-se, ainda, avalia??es dos n?veis de alexitimia e depress?o.
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Carlos, Daniele Maria de Oliveira. "Impacto da variabilidade de peso no controle mateb?lico de pacientes transplantados card?acos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13285.
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Previous issue date: 2009-11-27<br>Heart transplantation (HT) represents one of the greatest advances in medicine over the last decades. It is indicated for patients with severe heart disease unresponsive to clinical treatment and conventional surgery, poor short-term prognosis and a 1- year mortality rate over 40%. HT has improved survival worldwide (80% in the first year, 70% in five years and 60% in ten years). However, the procedure has been associated with weight change and increased risk of secondary conditions such as
diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity due to immunosuppressive therapy following transplantation. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of
weight change on the metabolic stability of HT patients. The study was retrospective with data collected from the records of 82 adult patients (83% male; average age 45.06?12.04 years) submitted to HT between October 1997 and December 2005 at a
transplantation service in Cear? (Brazil). The selected outcome variables (biopathological profile, weight and body mass index―BMI) were related to biochemical and metabolic change. The results were expressed in terms of frequency, measures of central tendency, Student s t test and Pearson s correlation
coefficients. The analysis showed that following HT the average global BMI increased from 23.77?3.68kg/m2 to 25.48?3.92kg/m2 in the first year and to 28.38?4.97kg/m2 in the fifth. Overweight/obese patients (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) had higher average levels of glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides than patients with eutrophy/malnutrition (BMI < 25 kg/m2). In conclusion, overweight/obese patients were likely to present higher average levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions than patients with eutrophy/malnutrition, indicating a direct and significant relation between nutritional status and weight change in the metabolic
profile of HT patients<br>O Transplante Card?aco (TC) tornou-se um dos grandes avan?os da medicina nas ?ltimas d?cadas. ? um procedimento indicado para pacientes com doen?a card?aca avan?ada, refrat?ria ao tratamento cl?nico e cir?rgico convencional, progn?stico
reservado em curto prazo e mortalidade acima de 40% no prazo de um ano na evolu??o natural da doen?a. Em todo o mundo seus resultados t?m evidenciado melhora significante na sobrevida, sendo considerada de 80% no primeiro ano, 70%
em cinco anos e 60% em dez anos. No entanto, as altera??es de peso ap?s o procedimento frequentemente ocorrem e aumentam os riscos de doen?as secund?rias como diabetes, hipertens?o, dislipidemia e obesidade, complica??es que est?o associadas ? terapia imunossupressora indispens?vel ap?s o TC. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o impacto da variabilidade de peso na
estabilidade metab?lica de pacientes transplantados do cora??o. O desenho do estudo foi do tipo retrospectivo documental, realizado com 82 pacientes adultos submetidos ao TC entre outubro de 1997 a dezembro de 2005 em centro transplantador no Cear?, sendo 83% do sexo masculino e 17% do sexo feminino
com idade m?dia de 45,06?12,04 anos. As vari?veis estudadas foram o perfil biopatol?gico, o peso e o ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), relacionadas ?s altera??es bioqu?micas-metab?licas. Os dados foram descritos usando frequ?ncias, medidas de tend?ncia central, teste t de Student e coeficiente de correla??o de Pearson. Ap?s a an?lise dos dados, verificou-se que a m?dia global do IMC aumentou de 23,77?3,68 kg/m2 antes do TC, para 25,48?3,92 kg/m2 no primeiro ano e para 28,38?4,97 kg/m2 no quinto. Os pacientes com sobrepeso/ obesidade (IMC ≥25 kg/m2)
apresentaram valores m?dios de glicose, colesterol total, lipoprote?na de baixa XIV densidade (LDL) e triglic?rides maiores que os pacientes com eutrofia/ desnutri??o (IMC < 25 kg/m2). Diante dos resultados encontrados nesse estudo, conclui-se que
os pacientes com sobrepeso/ obesidade est?o propensos a apresentar n?veis de glicose, colesterol total, LDL e triglic?rides mais elevados que os pacientes com eutrofia/ desnutri??o, o que demonstra que houve uma rela??o direta e significativa entre o estado nutricional e a variabilidade de peso no perfil metab?lico de pacientes transplantados card?acos
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Fighera, Jossiele. "Ang?stia e fantasias relacionadas ao paciente card?aco cir?rgico." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/678.
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Previous issue date: 2006-06-28<br>Foram elaborados dois artigos para a composi??o dessa disserta??o de mestrado. O primeiro tem como objetivo buscar, a partir dos fundamentos desenvolvidos por Freud e retomados por Lacan, uma maior compreens?o dos conceitos de ang?stia, fantasia e corpo em sua rela??o com pacientes card?acos cir?rgicos. Evidenciamos, ao longo deste trabalho, a import?ncia da fun??o das fantasias como forma de conter a ang?stia dos pacientes em situa??o cir?rgica. Destacamos tamb?m a quest?o do corpo e a imagem corporal, visto que esses pacientes s?o submetidos a procedimentos agressivos e invasivos e t?m seu corpo manipulado por uma equipe m?dica. S?o apresentadas algumas pesquisas atuais que mostram algumas quest?es relevantes sobre o tema. Entretanto, percebemos que ainda existem poucos trabalhos que utilizam o referencial psicanal?tico como uma tentativa de integrar conceitos da psican?lise com a cirurgia card?aca. No segundo artigo procuramos registrar as narrativas de pacientes card?acos sobre a interven??o cir?rgica em situa??o de interna??o hospitalar. Este entendimento ocorreu com base na realiza??o de entrevistas semi-dirigidas com os pacientes e na observa??o dos grupos de pacientes no per?odo pr? e p?s cirurgia card?aca. Alguns elementos se destacaram nesta pesquisa: o per?odo pr?-cir?rgico, a rela??o entre religiosidade e medicina, sintomas e fantasias, a hospitaliza??o e o sentimento de depend?ncia, o per?odo p?s-cir?rgico e a Unidade P?s Operat?ria e a manipula??o do corpo e anestesia.
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LIBERATI, JOAO F. "Compactacao isostatica a quente do po de aco rapido AISI M2." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10910.
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POLA, ENRIQUE J. G. "Desenvolvimento e caracterizacao de filtros porosos de aco inoxidavel AISI 316L." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9261.
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SERNA, MARILENE M. "Quantificacao e identificacao de carbonetos no aco ferramenta AISI/SAE M2." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11766.
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LIMA, EMMANUEL P. R. "Desenvolvimento e analise de desempenho de ferramentas de aco rapido sinterizadas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11762.
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Tavares, Rafael Ramos Pedreira. "Facebook: o Dionis?aco em uma modula??o da forma social." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13677.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-20<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>This paper is about the form of social modulation, The Facebook. The social order is the form that all parties. The modulations (there are several) are aspects of social order and therefore capable formant. The Facebook, then, is searched as a Dionysian aspects of the social form that appears with cyberculture and the mass consumption. Thus, it is to display the attitude of Dionysian that consume otherness and give up the KEYWORDS: social form, modulation, Dionysian, cyberculture, Facebook consumption on Facebook<br>Esse trabalho trata de uma modula??o da forma social, o Facebook. A forma social ? o todo que forma as partes. As modula??es (existem v?rias) s?o aspectos da forma social e, portanto, com capacidade formante. O Facebook, ent?o, ? pesquisado como um dos aspectos dionis?acos da forma social que surge com a cibercultura e o consumo de massa. Assim, trata-se de mostrar a atitude dionis?aca de consumir a alteridade e dar-se ao consumo no Facebook
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Brunelle, Pascale. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des faisceaux dans l'anneau VUV super-ACO." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077181.
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L'anneau VUV d'Orsay Super-ACO est opérationnel depuis le deuxième semestre 1987. Le quatrième onduleur vient d'être installé et 14 lignes fournissent régulièrement des faisceaux de photons pour 23 expériences. Parallèlement, les études de dynamique de faisceau et l'optimisation du fonctionnement se poursuivent. Le travail exposé ici concerne deux problèmes particulièrement importants pour les performances des anneaux de rayonnement synchrotron. Une étude systématique, théorique et expérimentale, de l'acceptance dynamique a clairement montré l'effet néfaste des résonances d'ordre 3 excitées par les hexapoles et des résonances d'ordre 4 excitées par les onduleurs. Une nouvelle optimisation de deux familles d'hexapoles a permis de s'affranchir de l'effet de la résonance d'ordre 3 la plus dangereuse et ceci s'est concrétisé par une amélioration substantielle de la vitesse d'injection. De plus, le choix d'un point de fonctionnement loin des résonances d'ordre 4 a conduit à une durée de vie des faisceaux satisfaisants pour les utilisateurs. Dans une deuxième partie, on a essayé d'évaluer l'impédance équivalente de la chambre à vide de Super-ACO, pour la comparer à la valeur expérimentale déduite des mesures sur le faisceau. L'impédance est un paramètre qui caractérise l'interaction d'un paquet de particules chargées avec son environnement. Sa valeur détermine les limitations en courant dues aux effets collectifs tels que l'allongement turbulent du paquet et l'instabilité transverse. L'utilisation du code de calcul TBCI a nécessité une modélisation de chacune des parties de la chambre à vide pour se ramener à une géométrie à symétrie cylindrique. Le Résonateur Large Bande a été choisi comme modèle d'impédance pour l'exploitation des résultats numériques. La comparaison avec la valeur expérimentale a permis de discuter l'intérêt de la méthode<br>Since raid 1987, Super-ACO, the Orsay VUV storage ring is operational. The fourth undulator has been recently installed and 14 beam lines can provide photon beams to 23 experiments. Simultaneously, beam dynamic studies and performance improvements are on the way. This work deals with two crucial points for satisfactory operation. A systematic theoretical and experimental study of the dynamic aperture has clearly shown the drastic effect of third and fourth order resonances excited respectively by sextupoles and undulators. A new optimization of two sextupole families has reduced the effect of the most dangerous third order resonance and then the injection rate was increased. Moreover the choice of a working point far away from fourth order resonances provides a satisfactory beam lifetime for users. In a second part, we tried to calculate the Super-ACO vacuum chamber impedance in order to compare it to the measured value deduced from experiments with the beam. The impedance characterizes the interaction between the bunch and the vacuum chamber. Its value defines the thresholds of collective effects such as bunch lengthening and transverse instability. The use of the TBCI code requires a specific modelisation of each part of the vacuum chamber in order to obtain a cylindrical symmetry. The Broad Band Resonator has been chosen as the impedance model to fit the numerical results. The comparison with the experimental value shows the limits and the accuracy of this method
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BAULY, JULIO C. "Caracterizacao microestrutural e propriedades de juntas dissimilares entre acos inoxidaveis fabricados por processos de fusao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10832.
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LOMBARDI, CRISTINA C. M. "Estudo da influencia da fase ferritica sobre o comportamento de corrosao de acos inoxidaveis austeniticos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1993. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10352.
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Martins, Marcelo. "Temperabilidade Jominy e influência do revenido sobre a dureza." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82731.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T17:48:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
184887.pdf: 2819877 bytes, checksum: 04a2991640edceae6bf782317218fff5 (MD5)<br>Este trabalho teve por objetivos (a) determinar a temperabilidade Jominy de diversos aços estruturais nacionais, de grande uso na indústria mecânica; (b) avaliar a influência do revenido sob condições variadas de tempo e de temperatura sobre a dureza pós-têmpera e (c) buscar uma correlação entre as variáveis do processo de revenido (parâmetro de revenido) capaz de servir como ferramenta quando da otimização do processo. O levantamento das curvas de temperabilidade (ou endurecibilidade) busca orientar a engenharia de projetos na seleção de aços para as mais diversas aplicações de manufatura de componentes mecânicos. Um estudo que não foi contemplado no ensaio original desenvolvido por Walter Jominy e seus colaboradores é o levantamento destas curvas na condição de uso da liga de aço, que associa os tratamentos térmicos de têmpera e revenido. Portanto, é de extremo interesse também, o levantamento destas curvas, relacionando as durezas obtidas no revenido para diferentes tempos e temperaturas de tratamento.
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Aguiar, Denilson José Marcolino de. "Processamento de aco inoxidavel superduplex uns s32520 por moagem de alta energia." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2008. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1390.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-17<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The proposal of the present work is the processing of UNS S32520 commercial duplex stainless steel by high energy milling. First, using hardness by microindentation, optical and scanning electron microgaphies tests, was studied the influence of annealing between 400ºC and 1000ºC, with aim in α’- phase and σ-phase precipitation. For it, was taken some samples from commercial stainless steel sheet and comparing with and without annealing condition. Moreover, turning chips were machined from the sheet and then embbrietled isothermically at 475 ºC, for α’-phase precipitation and at 800 ºC, for σ-phase precipitation. Later, these turning chips were processing in Spex and Attritor types of high energy milling. Some powders were achieved which were conformed in green compacts by cold pressure. The green compacts were
sintered at 1200ºC for several times. The characterizations by optical and scanning electron microscopy showed grains microstructure with morphologies less oriented than as-received material, where were influenced by type of milling machine and time of sintering.<br>A proposta do presente trabalho é o processamento de um aço
inoxidável comercial superdúplex tipo UNS S32520 por meio de moagem de alta energia. Inicialmente, utilizando-se de análises de dureza pela microimpressão do penetrador e micrografias óptica e eletrônica de varredura, realizou-se o estudo da influência do envelhecimento entre temperaturas de
400ºC a 1000ºC, objetivando a precipitação das fases α’ e σ. Para isso, tomaram-se amostras de uma chapa comercial do referido aço e foram comparadas as condições de envelhecimento com a amostra sem evelhecimento. Em seguida, extraíram-se pequenos cavacos do aço, os quais
foram fragilizados isotermicamente nas temperaturas de 475ºC, para precipitação da fase α’, e 800ºC, para precipitação da fase σ. Posteriormente, realizou-se processamento em moinhos de alta energia dos tipos Spex e
Attritor. Os pós obtidos foram conformados a frio em pastilhas e posteriormente sinterizados em 1200ºC com tempos variados. As caracterizações por micrografias óptica e eletrônica de varredura do material obtido revelaram
microestrutura dúplex com grãos refinados com morfologia menos orientada que o material como recebido, os quais se apresentaram dependentes do tipo de moinho usado e tempo de sinterização.
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BARBOSA, LUZINETE P. "Caracterizacao quanto a corrosao de filtros de aco inoxidavel AISI 316 sinterizados." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10737.
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PADIAL, ARMANDO G. F. "Transformacoes de fase e propriedades mecanicas de um aco maraging sem cobalto." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10381.
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Birriel, Eliena Jonko. "Estudo da corrosao do aco ABNT 1006 influenciada por bacterias : pseudomonas aeruginosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130105.
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Neste trabalho estudou-se o comportamento do aço ABNT 1006, em soluções de água do mar sintética diluída em presença e ausência de bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bem como de seus produtos metabólicos. Também investigou-se o comportamento de um inibidor de corrosão hexametafosfato de sódio, nestes meios. Utilizou-se os seguintes métodos: técnicas de microbiologia, medições da variação do potencial de corrosão com o tempo, ensaios gravimétricos e determinação de curvas de polarização potenciostática. O hexametafosfato de sódio comportou-se como inibidor catódico, e observou-se a formação de um filme na superficie do aço. Em sistemas com bactérias ocorreu a formação de um biofilme na superfície metálica, induzindo a corrosão do tipo pite. A presença de bactérias também alterou a atuação do filme do inibidor.<br>This paper evaluated the behavior of ABNT 1006 steel in contact with solutions of diluted artificial sea water containing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their metabolic products. The behavior of ABNT 1006 steel in such conditions was then compared to that observed in solutions with no bacteria culture. The study also investigated the effectiveness of sodium hexametaphosphate as a corrosion inhibitor in those media. The following methods were employed: microbiological techniques, measurement of potential/time curves, weight loss measurements and of potentiostatic polarization curves. The analyses showed that sodium hexametaphosphate behaved as a cathodic inhibitor forming a film on the steel surface. It was also observed the formation of a biofilm on the metal surface, which induced its pitting in media containing bacteria. The presence of bacteria also influenced the action o f the inhibitor.
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Csontos, Zsuzsanna. "Valutazione di un nuovo protocollo di chemioptherapia (M-ACOD/CytaBEP) nel trattamento dei linfomi non-Hodgkin /." [S.l : s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Ståhlbom, Niclas. "A BINARY SPACE PARTITIONED ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55049.
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A common type of problems that exist in both industrial and scientific spaces are optimization problems. These problems can be found in among other things manufacturing, pathfinding, network routing and more. Because of the wide area of application, optimization is well a studied area. One solution to these types of problems is the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm that has been around since 1991 and has undergone a lot of developments over the years. This algorithm draws inspiration from real ant colonies and their procedure for foraging. However, a common criticism of this algorithm is its poor scalability. To tackle the scalability problem this thesis will combine the concept of binary space partitioning with the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm. The goal is to examine the algorithms convergence times and lengths of the paths produced. The results are measured in intervals by calculating the best possible path found at every interval. The findings showed that given an unlimited execution time the original Ant Colony Optimization algorithm produced shorter paths. But when a limit on execution time was introduced and the problem sizes grew the performance began to favor the partitioned versions. These findings could be useful in areas where complex optimization problems need to be solved within a limited timeframe.<br><p>The presentation took place via an online conference call using the software "Zoom"</p>
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Pan, Yanbin. "1. Design and Synthesis of Carbohydrate Cancer Vaccines Based on Biochemical Modification of Cancer Cells 2. Studies on the Total Synthesis of an Antitumor Saponin, OSW-1." online version, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1121130600.
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Rocha, Murilo Fraga da. "Sistema m?vel de digitaliza??o e monitoramento de par?metros card?acos com transmiss?o wireless." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3099.
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Previous issue date: 2007-08-27<br>Atualmente quem procura assist?ncia m?dica hospitalar comumente se depara com os problemas de falta de vagas, alto custo, risco de infec??o, impossibilidade de deslocamento, necessidade de adapta??o aos novos ambientes e a uma nova dieta, sentimento de improdutividade, isolamento de seu ambiente de trabalho, entre outros. O objetivo deste projeto e fazer uso da telemedicina para monitoramento remoto m?vel de sinais biol?gicos de pacientes para reduzir o n?mero de interna??es em hospitais e cl?nicas e ainda com menor custo. Mais especificamente desenvolver e documentar o projeto de um sistema port?til de aquisi??o, processamento e telemonitora??o de sinais biol?gicos de pacientes, permitindo a sua mobilidade e um padr?o de vida mais pr?ximo da sua rotina di?ria normal. Este sistema ? composto de um dispositivo de aquisi??o e processamento de par?metros biol?gicos do paciente, port?til, possibilitando a aquisi??o de sinais biol?gicos do paciente necess?rios para a realiza??o de eletrocardiogramas (ECG). Estas informa??es podem ser enviadas atrav?s de um protocolo Wireless (WiFi ou Bluetooth) para uma esta??o remota para posterior an?lise clinica
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Cesana, Sarita. "Transplantes: re-inser??o social e qualidade de vida dos transplantados card?acos do Estado do RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13549.
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Previous issue date: 2008-10-17<br>The experience of transplantation is a very serious situation from the clinical standpoint. Therefore, there must be some subjective and social breakdown in people who have been undergone such a procedure. Recent product of modernity,
the transplanted is someone who owns his recover to the scientific advances of contemporary society and a deceased donor. This paper aims at examine the implications, from the changes in patterns of behavior and thought that occur after
the experience of an extreme and critical situation, as the process of illness and its consequent transplant surgery. The symbolism of the heart suggests that some social impressions about the organ itself are also reflected in how the transplanted interprets the experience of this type of procedure. So investigating how the changes occurred throughout the process interfere in the re-insertion of these people to social life, after his recovery, is the purpose of this work. The concept of habitus coined by Pierre Bourdieu will be used to measure conceptually how this experience (clinical,
modern and symbolic) fits in the contemporary discussion of sociology<br>A experi?ncia do transplante ? uma situa??o extremamente grave do ponto de vista cl?nico. Assim sendo, deve haver algum desdobramento subjetivo e social nas pessoas que foram submetidas a esse tipo de procedimento. Produto recente da modernidade, o transplantado ? algu?m que deve sua recupera??o aos avan?os cient?ficos da sociedade contempor?nea e a um doador falecido. Este trabalho
pretende analisar as implica??es, a partir das mudan?as de padr?es de comportamento e pensamento, que ocorrem ap?s a viv?ncia de uma situa??o extrema e cr?tica, como o processo de adoecimento e sua conseq?ente cirurgia de
transplante. O simbolismo do cora??o leva a pensar que algumas impress?es sociais sobre o ?rg?o tamb?m fazem eco na forma como o transplantado interpreta a experi?ncia deste tipo de procedimento. Portanto investigar como as mudan?as
ocorridas ao longo do processo interferem na re-inser??o dessas pessoas ao conv?vio social, ap?s sua recupera??o, ser? objeto do presente trabalho. O conceito de habitus cunhado por Pierre Bourdieu servir? para aferir onceitualmente como essa experi?ncia (cl?nica, moderna e simb?lica) se enquadra no debate contempor?neo da sociologia
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Corbera, Bellalta Marc. "Regulació de l’activitat inflamatòria per IFN-gamma en l'Arteritis de Cèl·lules Gegants (ACG)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396137.
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L'ACG és una malaltia inflamatòria crònica de caràcter granulomatós, que afecta a les arteries grans i mitjanes en pacients d’edat avançada. El tractament majoritàriament establert per l'ACG són els glucocorticoides, que malgrat produir generalment una remissió ràpida dels símptomes, no eviten rebrots, i presenten una sèrie important d’efectes secundaris que fan necessària la investigació de teràpies alternatives. La investigació de nous tractaments requereix un coneixement més acurat sobre la patogènesi de la malaltia.
La fisiopatologia de la malaltia es fonamenta en hipòtesis i deduccions fetes a partir de l’observació de l’expressió de molècules que tenen funcions conegudes en altres patologies. Així doncs s’ha acceptat que l'ACG s'inicia amb la presentació d'un antigen desconegut per part de les cèl·lules dendrítiques. Això provocarà una onada inflamatòria amb activació de leucòcits, i la progressió d'un infiltrat inflamatori a través de la paret arterial desestructurant les diferents làmines, que conclou amb la hiperplàsia de la làmina íntima i la obturació de la llum del vas.
L'IFN-g per la seva banda, és una citoquina implicada en multitud de fenòmens relacionats amb la inflamació, com són l'activació de macròfags, la producció de molècules d’adhesió per part de les cèl·lules endotelials, o el reforçament de la via de diferenciació limfocitària Th1. Tots aquests fenòmens semblen rellevants durant la fisiopatologia de l'ACG, però malgrat això el rol de l'IFN-g en aquesta malaltia és encara desconegut.
Una de les limitacions que té la investigació en ACG, és l'absència d'un model animal que permeti la realització d'estudis funcionals. En aquest sentit, els objectius del nostre treball són la posada a punt d'un model de cultiu d'artèria que permeti avaluar els efectes de molècules bloquejants i/o fàrmacs amb finalitat terapèutica. I en segon lloc aprofundir en el paper de l'IFN-g en l'ACG, definint les funcions que pugui tenir en la fisiopatologia de la malaltia però també en el manteniment de d’infiltrat inflamatori a la paret arterial.
Així doncs, hem posat a punt el model de cultiu d'artèria temporal de pacients amb ACG, comprovant que l’estructura de la paret arterial es preserva durant temps perllongats en cultiu i mantenint la viabilitat de l'infiltrat inflamatori. Aquest model ens ha permès valorar les
diferències en l'expressió de molècules pro-inflamatòries i molècules involucrades en el remodelatge vascular, entre biòpsies positives i negatives, i quins efectes té el tractament amb glucocorticoides sobre l'expressió d’aquestes. Així doncs, les biòpsies de pacients amb ACG presenten nivells d'expressió més elevats de IFN-g, IL-1b, CCL3, 4 i 5, i MMP9. El tractament amb glucocorticoides disminueix l'expressió d’aquestes mateixes molècules i de IL-6, TNF-a i CXCL8, així com la presencia de macròfags (identificats mitjançant immunotinció amb CD68) a la paret arterial. En canvi els corticoides no afecten substancialment l’expressió de molècules involucrades en el remodelatge vascular com el PDGF, TGFb o col·làgens.
En el segon treball hem bloquejat l'IFN-g amb un anticòs monoclonal humà, que inhibeix en les artèries l’expressió i fosforilació de Stat-1, el factor de transcripció de la via canònica de l'IFN-g. Hem vist que aquest bloqueig té un impacte significatiu sobre l’expressió de quimiocines directament induïdes per IFN-g, com CXCL9, 10 i 11, tan a nivell de mRNA com de proteïnes, i també té efectes inhibitoris sobre molècules com IL-1b o TNF-a, tot i que aquestes tendències no han arribat a ser estadísticament significatives. L’estimulació de les artèries amb IFN-g recombinant ha resultat en un augment de l’expressió d’aquestes mateixes quimiocines i també dels receptors CCR2 i CXCR3.
L'IFN-g també té un efecte estimulador de l’expressió de quimiocines sobre el component cel·lular majoritari de la paret arterial, les cèl·lules musculars llises (VSMC). L'IFN-g estimula en aquest tipus cel·lular les quimiocines CXCL9, 10 i 11, i CCL2, i també les molècules d’adhesió ICAM-1 i VCAM-1, i els factors de transcripció Stat-1 i Stat-3.
Aquests augments de la síntesi de quimiocines i molècules d'adhesió es tradueixen en un augment de la migració (a través de CXCR3) i de l'adhesió de limfòcits i monòcits cap a les VSMC. El contacte entre aquests tipus cel·lulars ja provoca per si mateix un increment de l'expressió de quimiocines, i aquesta estimulació desapareix a l'inhibir l'IFN-g.
Així doncs, l'IFN-g sembla tenir un paper significatiu en la progressió de l'infiltrat inflamatori a través de la paret arterial. El seu alliberament per part de les cèl·lules inflamatòries provoca en les VSMCs un increment de la síntesi de molècules que provoquen la migració i l'adhesió de les pròpies cèl·lules inflamatòries. Aquests resultats proporcionen les primeres evidencies sobre el
paper funcional del l’IFNg en l’arteritis de cèl·lules gegants i constitueixen un primer pas per explorar el seu potencial com a possible diana terapèutica en l'ACG.<br>GCA is a granulomatous vasculitis of the elderly, affecting large and medium-sized arteries. Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of GCA treatment, but unfortunately the majority of patients experience undesirable side effects and relapse when glucocorticoids are tapered. This observation underlines the need for searching alternative therapies in GCA. Investigating new treatments requires a better understanding of GCA pathogenesis and the development of functional models for pre-clinical testing, since there are no animal models for GCA.
IFN-g, highly expressed in GCA patients compared to controls, is a cytokine implicated in multiple inflammatory-related pathways, and it may contribute to GCA pathogenesis by participating in lymphocyte Th1 differentiation and by activating macrophages promoting granuloma formation. However, this is extrapolated from its known biologic functions and the functional role of IFN-g in GCA has not been explored.
Our main objectives were: to develop a human temporal artery culture model for functional studies, and to explore IFN-g roles by using a neutralizing, fully human monoclonal antibody against IFN-g.
In our first study we developed a temporal artery culture model in tri-dimensional matrix where viability and morphology is preserved for up to 2 weeks. In this model we have confirmed differences in expression of pro-inflammatory molecules between GCA and control arteries. We have also observed that glucocorticoids inhibit mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-g and IL-1b or chemokines CCL3, 4 and 5, as well as a reduction in macrophage infiltration assessed by CD68 immunostaining. Interestingly, glucocorticoids did not have a significant effect on the expression of molecules involved in vascular remodelling such as PDGF, TGFb or collagens.
In the second study, we used a fully human neutralizing antibody against IFN-g in order to inhibit IFN-g effects. Treatment of cultured arteries with this antibody reduced the expression and phosphorylation of Stat-1, a pivotal transcription factor in IFN-g-driven canonical signalling pathways. IFN-g blockade led to significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of
CXCL9, 10 and 11 in cultured arteries and a decrease in infiltrating CD68 macrophages. Stimulating GCA arteries with recombinant IFN-g elicited the opposite effects.
We demonstrated that IFN-g had significant effects on the main cellular component of the arterial wall, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by inducing chemokine (CXCL9, 10 and 11, and CCL2) and adhesion molecule (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) expression. This resulted in increased PBMCs migration and adhesion to cultured VSMC and to normal arteries exposed to IFN-g.
In summary, IFN-g synthetized by inflammatory cells, acts on VSMCs via Stat1, to enhance the production and secretion of chemokines and adhesion molecules that regulate trafficking of these leukocytes, perpetuating a loop that contributes to the maintenance and progression of the inflammatory infiltrates in the arterial wall. Our work provides first evidences supporting a functional role of IFNg in GCA, a necessary first step to explore its potential as therapeutic target.
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PADIAL, ARMANDO G. F. "Caracterizacao microestrutural do aco maraging de grau 400 de resistencia mecanica ultra-elevada." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10998.
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Ada, Melissa Rose Leynes. "Trends in medically-indicated versus spontaneous preterm birth, 2004-2013." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16008.
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BACKGROUND: Despite decades of research aimed at prevention, preterm birth remains an enormous leading cause of infant mortality in the United States and worldwide. Of concern, racial disparities in preterm birth remain an intractable public health issue. In an effort to reduce preterm birth, organizations such as the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) released policy statements in 2009 aimed at reducing early elective deliveries. Subsequently, the incidence of preterm birth in the United States has decreased, but whether this decrease is due to a reduction in iatrogenic or "medically-indicated" preterm birth is unknown. Further, the effect of the reduction in early elective deliveries on racial disparities is unknown. Our hypotheses were that 1) after 2009, preterm births would be less likely to be medically-indicated than due to spontaneous causes and 2) black-white differences in preterm births would be unchanged.
OBJECTIVES: 1) Determine the proportion of preterm deliveries at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) from 2004-2013 that were medically-indicated versus spontaneous. 2) Due to persistent disparities, determine if shifts in type of preterm delivery varied by race/ethnicity.
METHODS: We reviewed the first 87 deliveries in 2013 and randomly selected 15% of the records for each year from 2004-2013. Additionally, we reviewed 69 charts to oversample black women's deliveries. We manually abstracted data from BIDMC's online medical record and designated each delivery as either medically-indicated (preeclampsia, poor fetal growth, hypertension, or other fetal/maternal condition) or spontaneous (preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes or cervical incompetence). Two reviewers independently reviewed 18 records for concordance of medically-indicated versus spontaneous preterm birth typing. If the first reviewer could not phenotype the delivery, then a neonatologist and obstetrician were consulted. We reviewed 971 out of the 5,566 preterm deliveries and included 930 that were confirmed preterm and had a clear medically-indicated or spontaneous phenotype. We dichotomized the time period into early (2004-2009) and late (2010-2013). Statistical methods included comparisons of early versus late using Chi-Square tests, logistic regression models to adjust for potential confounding variables, and stratified analyses (singletons and black versus white).
RESULTS: There were 46,981 deliveries at our institution during the study period, 5,566 of which were preterm. Among the 930 preterm deliveries sampled from the 10-year period, 45.6% were medically-indicated with a non-significant, subtle difference between the early (48.3%) and late (41.9%) (P=0.05) time periods. The odds ratios of medically-indicated versus spontaneous preterm birth in late versus early were 0.77 (P=0.05) and 0.73 (P=0.03) for all participants, unadjusted and adjusted, respectively. While not statistically significant, a higher proportion of preterm deliveries among black women were medically-indicated in the early (50.4%) versus late (40.6%) periods (P=0.19). There was a similar trend among white women between the early (50.0%) and late (46.9%) periods (P=0.48). The odds ratios of medically-indicated versus spontaneous preterm birth from late versus early were 0.67 (P=0.19) and 0.63 (P=0.14) for black participants, unadjusted and adjusted, respectively. For white participants, the odds ratios were 0.88 (P=0.48) for unadjusted and 0.80 for adjusted (P=0.20). Overall at BIDMC, the preterm delivery rate was significantly higher in the early period (12.3%) compared to the later period (11.2%) (P=0.0003). While we observed a reduction of preterm birth among all women, black women experienced a 20.8% decrease (from 16.2% in the early period to 12.8% in the late) in preterm birth, while white women experienced just a 4.9% decrease (from 12.4% to 11.7%), resulting in a narrowing of the racial disparity of preterm birth in our institution.
CONCLUSION: At a Massachusetts birth hospital we found a reduction in the incidence of preterm deliveries over a 10-year period that coincided with policy efforts to reduce early elective deliveries. There was a reduction in the proportion of preterm births that were medically-indicated from 48.3% to 41.9%. The reduction in medically-indicated preterm birth was most evident among black women at BIDMC with concurrent decrease in the overall preterm birth rate among black women resulting in a near elimination of the racial disparity in preterm birth at BIDMC. Future work includes statistical analysis to account for the oversampling of deliveries in 2013 as well as oversampling of black women's deliveries using inverse probability weighting. We also plan to analyze which underlying conditions (preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal distress, etc.) were responsible for the reduction of the medically-indicated deliveries.
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Hill, Rosa. "Compliance of American Cancer Society (ACS) and American College of Obstetric and Gynecology (ACOG) guidelines for cervical cancer screening." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1622198781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3916&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Northern Kentucky University, 2008.<br>Made available through ProQuest. Publication number: AAT 1459939. ProQuest document ID: 1622198781. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-31)
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Santo, Susana Ferreira. "Avaliação da concordância e da fiabilidade das normas de orientação da FIGO, ACOG e NICE para a interpretação da cardiotocografia." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/38764.
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A tese de doutoramento “Avaliação da concordância e fiabilidade das normas de orientação da FIGO, ACOG e NICE para a interpretação da cardiotocografia” encontra-se repartida em quatro capítulos.
No capítulo I é efectuada uma introdução à cardiotocografia (CTG), que inclui considerações gerais sobre a fisiologia cardiovascular fetal, a resposta do feto à hipóxia e a fisiopatologia dos parâmetros da frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF). É também incluída uma breve nota histórica da avaliação da FCF e efectuada uma abordagem dos princípios básicos subjacentes à aquisição de traçados cardiotocográficos, das limitações do registo da FCF, da forma como deve ser interpretado um traçado e quais as tecnologias adjuvantes da CTG actualmente disponíveis. O capítulo I termina com uma avaliação do impacto da CTG na prática obstétrica.
No capítulo II é efectuada uma revisão dos factores humanos que podem ter um impacto significativo na interpretação da CTG, na decisão de intervenções obstétricas e, consequentemente, nos desfechos obstétricos. A literatura científica tem demonstrado que a interpretação da CTG está sujeita a elevada discordância interobservador, particularmente na avaliação da variabilidade, das desacelerações e na classificação global do traçado. Esta é uma limitação muito significativa da CTG, com um impacto profundo na acuidade e eficácia desta tecnologia; no entanto, os factores responsáveis pela grande variabilidade intra e interobservador encontram-se mal estabelecidos. A inexistência de normas de orientação universalmente aceites para a interpretação da CTG, à data de publicação do artigo em que se baseia este capítulo, é um ponto importante. Existem diversas normas para a interpretação da CTG, e as principais apresentam diferenças importantes, são complexas e vulneráveis à capacidade de memorização dos profissionais de saúde. O treino na interpretação da CTG aumenta o conhecimento, a concordância dos observadores e melhora a qualidade dos cuidados de saúde. A análise computorizada da CTG está actualmente disponível, mas mantém-se dependente dos profissionais para confirmar a interpretação e decidir a conduta obstétrica. O capítulo II enfatiza a importância do estabelecimento futuro de um consenso internacional para a utilização da CTG, incluindo conceitos simples e objectivos.
No capítulo III é apresentado o estudo que compara a concordância, fiabilidade e acuidade diagnóstica da CTG utilizando três sistemas classificativos diferentes: o da International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), o do American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) e o do National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).
Um conjunto de 151 traçados cardiotocográficos foi avaliado por 27 clínicos, de três centros hospitalares diferentes, onde as normas de orientação da FIGO, ACOG e NICE eram habitualmente utilizadas. Os traçados foram adquiridos sequencialmente em grávidas em trabalho de parto, de feto único, com 37 ou mais semanas de gestação; reportavam aos últimos 60 min antes do parto e não eram acompanhados de outras informações clínicas. A cada clínico, e para cada traçado, foi pedida uma avaliação dos parâmetros da FCF e a classificação global do traçado. A concordância interobservador foi avaliada utilizando as proporções de concordância (PC) e a fiabilidade com a estatística kappa (k), com intervalos de confiança a 95% (IC 95%). Os traçados classificados como patológicos/categoria III foram comparados com os restantes na capacidade de preverem a acidémia do recém-nascido. Para este fim foi calculada a sensibilidade e especificidade, com os respectivos IC 95%.
A distribuição da classificação global dos traçados em normal/ categoria I, suspeito/ categoria II e patológico/ categoria III foi diferente para cada um dos grupos: para o grupo da FIGO 9%, 52% e 39%, para o grupo da ACOG 13%, 81% e 6% e para o grupo da NICE 30%, 33% e 37%, respectivamente. O grupo da ACOG apresentou a taxa de concordância mais elevada na classificação global do traçado (PC 0,73 IC 95% 0,70-0,76), mas esta foi fora devida aos resultados referentes à categoria II, tendo as categorias I e III apresentado baixa concordância (PC 0,26 IC 95% 0,18-0,33 e PC 0,26 IC a 95% 0,18-0,34, respectivamente). No grupo da NICE registou-se melhor concordância nas categorias de traçados normal e patológico (PC 0,55 IC 95% 0,48-0,62 e PC 0,66 IC 95% 0,59-0,71) comparativamente à categoria de traçados suspeitos (PC 0,42 IC 95% 0,38-0,47). No grupo da FIGO a concordância foi similar nas três categorias (PC 0,54 – 0,63). A análise da fiabilidade revelou que os grupos da FIGO (k 0,37 IC 95% 0,31-0,43) e da NICE (k 0,33 IC 95% 0,28-0,39) apresentaram valores mais elevados comparativamente ao grupo da ACOG (k 0,15 IC 95% 0,10-0,21); contudo em todos os grupos a fiabilidade foi baixa a razoável. Os grupos da FIGO e da NICE mostraram maior sensibilidade dos traçados de categoria III na predição de acidémia neonatal (89% e 97%, respectivamente) relativamente à ACOG (32%), mas este último apresentou maior especificidade (95%).
Em conclusão, com as normas da ACOG verificou-se elevada concordância na classificação de traçados na categoria II, baixa fiabilidade, baixa sensibilidade e elevada especificidade na predição de acidémia. Com as normas da FIGO e da NICE ocorreu uma maior fiabilidade na classificação dos traçados e a uma tendência para maior sensibilidade mas menor especificidade na predição de acidémia.
No capítulo IV é apresentado o resumo das normas do consenso para a interpretação da CTG recentemente desenvolvidas pela FIGO, nas quais a autora participou e resumiu numa publicação.
Na conclusão é apresentada uma discussão de alguns pontos considerados fundamentais no desenvolvimento de normas de orientação para a análise da CTG.