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Journal articles on the topic 'Acoustic highlight'
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Lin, Wei, Li Jie Liu, and Yu Xu. "Simulation of Underwater Target Echo Based on Highlight Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.39.
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This paper describes that at high frequencies the reflection signal from an underwater target can be seen as the sum of an individual echo from certain equivalent scattering centers as such an underwater target can be characterized by highlights distributed within a spatial target structure. By analyzing the highlight structure of an underwater target echo, the synthesized echo signal can be simulated. In this paper, a submarine model is selected to analyze the echo characteristic of submarine based on highlight model. The simulation experiment results show that the model is a very reasonable two-dimensional acoustic representation of a submarine. The results also indicate that the highlight model can be applied to acoustic countermeasure system, which has an important application value.
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Cooke, K., R. Kieser, and R. D. Stanley. "Acoustic observation and assessment of fish in high-relief habitats." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00052-3.
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Abstract Acoustics present an alternative sampling strategy in areas characterized by steep slopes and rugged terrain where fishing is impractical. However, when the interference between echoes from fish targets and boundaries is severe, acoustic observations require careful interpretation of the echo returns. This article outlines a method of generating a representative 3D model of the bottom topography that can assist in near-boundary fish discrimination. Images provide greater insight to echo source and highlight some of the difficulties associated with classifying acoustic sign. The results emphasize the importance of good survey design aimed at minimizing side-lobe interference and reducing acoustic-shadow zones.
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Olaoye, Kayode, Omolabake Okon-Akan, Olaoluwa Adegoke, and A. O. Bobadoye. "Correlation among Physico-Acoustic Properties of Boscia angustifolia and Albizia adianthifolia Wood." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00033.
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Abstract Underutilization of some wood species can be largely attributed to a dearth of scientific information. Therefore, identifying the acoustic characteristics of lesser used wood species such as Boscia angustifolia and Albizia adianthifolia wood is expected to encourage their use in acoustic applications. Thus, studying their acoustic properties and the relationship among these properties will help reveal their use potential for acoustic purposes and also highlight possible predictor variable(s) for other acoustic parameters in wood acoustics. This study aimed at measuring the acoustic properties of B. angustifolia and A. adianthifolia wood and investigating the correlation among these properties. Three trees of each species were felled, and a total of 270 wood samples of 20 by 20 by 300 mm3 were collected. The samples were conditioned before acoustic measurement. The longitudinal free vibration method was adopted to measure the acoustic properties. Some of the mean acoustic results obtained for B. angustifolia and A. adianthifolia wood were 835.89 Hz, 3,657.51 m/s, 0.008, 13.59 GPa, 935.39 m4 kg−1 s−1, and 807.78 Hz, 3,542.66 m/s, 0.009, 12.65 GPa, 731.75 m4 kg−1 s−1, respectively, for fundamental sound frequency (FF), velocity of sound (V), damping factor (tan δ), specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (Es), and acoustic conversion efficiency (ACE). The correlation of FF with tan δ was negatively significant (−0.59), while it was positively significant with Es and ACE (0.99 and 0.74). This study found the two wood species suitable for making frame boards only and highlights sound frequency and velocity of sound as the major predicting acoustic variables for measuring good acoustic wood.
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Baudoin, M., and J. L. Thomas. "Acoustic Tweezers for Particle and Fluid Micromanipulation." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 52, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060154.
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Acoustic tweezers powerfully enable the contactless collective or selective manipulation of microscopic objects. Trapping is achieved without pretagging, with forces several orders of magnitude larger than optical tweezers at the same input power, limiting spurious heating and enabling damage-free displacement and orientation of biological samples. In addition, the availability of acoustical coherent sources from kilo- to gigahertz frequencies enables the manipulation of a wide spectrum of particle sizes. After an introduction of the key physical concepts behind fluid and particle manipulation with acoustic radiation pressure and acoustic streaming, we highlight the emergence of specific wave fields, called acoustical vortices, as a means to manipulate particles selectively and in three dimensions with one-sided tweezers. These acoustic vortices can also be used to generate hydrodynamic vortices whose topology is controlled by the topology of the wave. We conclude with an outlook on the field's future directions.
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Nguyen Hong Duc, Paul, Dorian Cazau, Paul R. White, Odile Gérard, Joël Detcheverry, Frank Urtizberea, and Olivier Adam. "Use of Ecoacoustics to Characterize the Marine Acoustic Environment off the North Atlantic French Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon Archipelago." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020177.
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Visual observations of the marine biodiversity can be difficult in specific areas for different reasons, including weather conditions or a lack of observers. In such conditions, passive acoustics represents a potential alternative approach. The objective of this work is to demonstrate how information about marine biodiversity can be obtained via detailed analysis of the underwater acoustic environment. This paper presents the first analysis of the Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon (SPM) archipelago underwater acoustic environment. In order to have a better knowledge about the marine biodiversity of SPM, acoustic recordings were sampled at different time periods to highlight seasonal variations over several years. To extract information from these acoustic recordings, standard soundscape and ecoacoustic analysis workflow was used to compute acoustic metrics such as power spectral density, third-octave levels, acoustic complexity index, and sound pressure levels. The SPM marine acoustic environment can be divided into three main sound source classes: biophony, anthrophony, and geophony. Several cetacean species were encountered in the audio recordings including sperm whales (which were detected by visual observations and strandings of 3 males in 2014), humpback, and blue whales.
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Sá, Karina, Raquel Rossatto Rocha, and Bárbara Fengler. "Concert hall: acoustic design comparing analytical results and ray tracing." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2445.
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With the intention of designing architecture for music and inspired by music, the J.C. Martins Concert Hall was created with 1008 seats and an approximate volume of 49400 ft³. Among all the architectural aspects considered, such as strategic location analyzed from the mass plan, study of volumetries, acoustics is the highlight due to its importance and complexity of the project. The Concert Hall is the object of the present study, the purpose of the article is to compare the simulated results in the EASE software with the analytical results of the reverberation time calculated by the Sabine and Eyering equations for the Concert Hall. Acoustic parameters such as reverberation time, clarity, among others, were simulated to verify the acoustic quality of the room in question. With that, it was possible to analyze and discuss the limitations of the analytical method and the simulations. Even so, the results were satisfactory to reach the adequated indexes of the acoustic parameters.
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Kolesnik, Kirill, Mingxin Xu, Peter V. S. Lee, Vijay Rajagopal, and David J. Collins. "Unconventional acoustic approaches for localized and designed micromanipulation." Lab on a Chip 21, no. 15 (2021): 2837–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1lc00378j.
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Zhou, Hanyun, S. H. Huang, and Wei Li. "Parametric Acoustic Array and Its Application in Underwater Acoustic Engineering." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 2148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072148.
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As a sound transmitting device based on the nonlinear acoustic theory, parametric acoustic array (PAA) is able to generate high directivity and low frequency broadband signals with a small aperture transducer. Due to its predominant technical advantages, PAA has been widely used in a variety of application scenarios of underwater acoustic engineering, such as sub-bottom profile measurement, underwater acoustic communication, and detection of buried targets. In this review paper, we examine some of the important advances in the PAA since it was first proposed by Westervelt in 1963. These advances include theoretical modelling for the PAA, signal processing methods, design considerations and implementation issues, and applications of the PAA in underwater acoustic engineering. Moreover, we highlight some technical challenges which impede further development of the PAA, and correspondingly give a glimpse on its possible extension in the future. This article provides a comprehensive overview of some important works of the PAA and serves as a quick tutorial reference to readers who are interested to further explore and extend this technology, and bring this technology to other application areas.
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Wollman, Indiana, Pablo Arias, Jean-Julien Aucouturier, and Benjamin Morillon. "Neural entrainment to music is sensitive to melodic spectral complexity." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00758.2018.
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During auditory perception, neural oscillations are known to entrain to acoustic dynamics but their role in the processing of auditory information remains unclear. As a complex temporal structure that can be parameterized acoustically, music is particularly suited to address this issue. In a combined behavioral and EEG experiment in human participants, we investigated the relative contribution of temporal (acoustic dynamics) and nontemporal (melodic spectral complexity) dimensions of stimulation on neural entrainment, a stimulus-brain coupling phenomenon operationally defined here as the temporal coherence between acoustical and neural dynamics. We first highlight that low-frequency neural oscillations robustly entrain to complex acoustic temporal modulations, which underscores the fine-grained nature of this coupling mechanism. We also reveal that enhancing melodic spectral complexity, in terms of pitch, harmony, and pitch variation, increases neural entrainment. Importantly, this manipulation enhances activity in the theta (5 Hz) range, a frequency-selective effect independent of the note rate of the melodies, which may reflect internal temporal constraints of the neural processes involved. Moreover, while both emotional arousal ratings and neural entrainment were positively modulated by spectral complexity, no direct relationship between arousal and neural entrainment was observed. Overall, these results indicate that neural entrainment to music is sensitive to the spectral content of auditory information and indexes an auditory level of processing that should be distinguished from higher-order emotional processing stages. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Low-frequency (<10 Hz) cortical neural oscillations are known to entrain to acoustic dynamics, the so-called neural entrainment phenomenon, but their functional implication in the processing of auditory information remains unclear. In a behavioral and EEG experiment capitalizing on parameterized musical textures, we disentangle the contribution of stimulus dynamics, melodic spectral complexity, and emotional judgments on neural entrainment and highlight their respective spatial and spectral neural signature.
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Yahiaoui, M., J. Y. Paris, and Jean Denape. "Correlation between Acoustic Emission Signals and Friction Behavior under Different Sliding Configurations and Materials Pairs." Key Engineering Materials 640 (March 2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.640.21.
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This work focuses on the acoustic emission signals related to three different tribological systems: a rotary sliding contact between WC-Co pins against alumina flat counterfaces, a fretting contact between alumina pins against alumina flat counterfaces and a reciprocating sliding flat on flat contact between thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and a steel counterface. This document relates dependences observed between tribological behaviors and variations of acoustic emission signals. Therefore, a third body approach is used to explain these correlations and to highlight the aspect of nature and associated energy of acoustic emission sources.
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Gardiner, Alicia, Paul Daly, Roger Domingo-Roca, James F. C. Windmill, Andrew Feeney, and Joseph C. Jackson-Camargo. "Additive Manufacture of Small-Scale Metamaterial Structures for Acoustic and Ultrasonic Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060634.
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Acoustic metamaterials are large-scale materials with small-scale structures. These structures allow for unusual interaction with propagating sound and endow the large-scale material with exceptional acoustic properties not found in normal materials. However, their multi-scale nature means that the manufacture of these materials is not trivial, often requiring micron-scale resolution over centimetre length scales. In this review, we bring together a variety of acoustic metamaterial designs and separately discuss ways to create them using the latest trends in additive manufacturing. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques that act as barriers towards the development of realisable acoustic metamaterials for practical audio and ultrasonic applications and speculate on potential future developments.
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Liu, Yuhao, James J. S. Norton, Raza Qazi, Zhanan Zou, Kaitlyn R. Ammann, Hank Liu, Lingqing Yan, et al. "Epidermal mechano-acoustic sensing electronics for cardiovascular diagnostics and human-machine interfaces." Science Advances 2, no. 11 (November 2016): e1601185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601185.
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Physiological mechano-acoustic signals, often with frequencies and intensities that are beyond those associated with the audible range, provide information of great clinical utility. Stethoscopes and digital accelerometers in conventional packages can capture some relevant data, but neither is suitable for use in a continuous, wearable mode, and both have shortcomings associated with mechanical transduction of signals through the skin. We report a soft, conformal class of device configured specifically for mechano-acoustic recording from the skin, capable of being used on nearly any part of the body, in forms that maximize detectable signals and allow for multimodal operation, such as electrophysiological recording. Experimental and computational studies highlight the key roles of low effective modulus and low areal mass density for effective operation in this type of measurement mode on the skin. Demonstrations involving seismocardiography and heart murmur detection in a series of cardiac patients illustrate utility in advanced clinical diagnostics. Monitoring of pump thrombosis in ventricular assist devices provides an example in characterization of mechanical implants. Speech recognition and human-machine interfaces represent additional demonstrated applications. These and other possibilities suggest broad-ranging uses for soft, skin-integrated digital technologies that can capture human body acoustics.
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Kim, Amy, Shuoqi Wang, Lindsay McCunn, Aleksejs Prozuments, Troy Swanson, and Kim Lokan. "Commissioning the Acoustical Performance of an Open Office Space Following the Latest Healthy Building Standard: A Case Study." Acoustics 1, no. 3 (July 9, 2019): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics1030027.
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Healthy building design guides are cogent and necessary. While elements that contribute to healthy buildings are multifactorial, the perception of sound versus noise is subjective and difficult to operationalize. To inform the commissioning process, the acoustics in an open office was examined following the first international building certification system that focuses on the well-being of occupants. Results highlight the role facility managers play in ensuring acoustical quality and offer suggestions to optimize healthy building rating systems. Mixed empirical evidence concerning the advantages of open office designs exists, as does evidence that noise, and a lack of privacy, affects workers’ levels of distraction and dissatisfaction. Sound masking systems can lower stress levels and augment performance. However, the sound produced by these systems can also be disruptive; conflicting information exists for facility managers to use when making decisions. The results suggest that, although objective measurements and healthy building guidelines for designing satisfactory indoor acoustic environments are important, changes to the physical environment, and acoustical systems, in particular, require iterative subjective assessments within the retrofit process to bolster occupant satisfaction. Mixed-methodologies used in this study may aid facilities managers in capturing and interpreting occupant data about physical stimuli in the workplace and improving the commissioning process.
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Gebbie, John, Martin Siderius, and John S. Allen. "Passive Acoustic Array Harbor Security Applications." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.3.3.
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AbstractHarbor security and protection of maritime assets are issues of increasing concern. Outstanding research questions exist in terms of the optimal protection methodology needed for the wide variety of surface and submerged threats and diverse geographical locations. Economic costs and environmental concerns are also significant overriding issues. Acoustic methods have the advantage of being amenable to tracking and detecting targets both above and below the ocean surface. Moreover, passive acoustic methods are nonintrusive and capable of covering extensive ranges. Acoustic arrays offer significant advantages in terms of gain and signal processing capabilities over discrete, single hydrophones. We investigate the use of horizontal and vertical arrays for the detection and tracking of a remote environment monitoring system (REMUS) autonomous underwater vehicle as well as open-circuit divers in a noisy, shallow water environment. Using conventional beamforming techniques, we obtain positive preliminary results for detection and tracking, which highlight the overall merits of an acoustic array implementation.
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Santos, A. R. G., T. L. Campante, W. J. Chaplin, M. S. Cunha, M. N. Lund, R. Kiefer, D. Salabert, et al. "Seismic signatures of magnetic activity in solar-type stars observed by Kepler." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (February 2018): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001229.
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AbstractThe properties of the acoustic modes are sensitive to magnetic activity. The unprecedented long-term Kepler photometry, thus, allows stellar magnetic cycles to be studied through asteroseismology. We search for signatures of magnetic cycles in the seismic data of Kepler solar-type stars. We find evidence for periodic variations in the acoustic properties of about half of the 87 analysed stars. In these proceedings, we highlight the results obtained for two such stars, namely KIC 8006161 and KIC 5184732.
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Doige, A. G., and H. S. Alves. "Experimental Characterization of Noise Sources for Duct Acoustics." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269804.
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Many industrial applications involving the acoustics of ducting or piping systems require an improved description of noise sources, so that a better prediction and evaluation of system performance can be achieved. Some examples are (a) the computer simulation of intake and exhaust muffler performance, (b) the control of pressure pulsation in fluid piping systems due to control valve flow noise or reciprocating compressors, and (c) predicting pressure fluctuations in heating and air-conditioning system ductwork due to various types of fans or blowers. This paper describes two applications of a well-known linear electrical analogy for obtaining experimentally the internal acoustical source impedance and the strength of the source, both parameters which are independent of the acoustic system load impedance. Two methods are compared, one which utilizes direct measurement of source impedance with the source inactive, and a two-load method from which the source impedance is calculated from measured pressures, with the source in operation. Various applications are presented using a speaker, compressor, engine, and centrifugal fan as noise sources connected to different load impedances. Comparisons are made to highlight the relative merits of these two approaches and to demonstrate the degree of accuracy that can be obtained in predicting noise levels in any arbitrary linear acoustic system, using the measured source parameters. The methods are simple in concept and in application, and while they do not often describe the physical nature of noise sources, they do offer a way to bypass the much more difficult problem of modelling the source theoretically.
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Barber, Chris. "Rare health conditions 35: acoustic neuroma, rhabdomyolysis, Barth syndrome." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 14, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2020.14.5.220.
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The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually fewer than 1 person in every 2000 and many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of these conditions. This 35th article will briefly explore three of these conditions: acoustic neuroma, rhabdomyolysis, and Barth syndrome.
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Lee, Kyung Hoon, Kunhao Yu, Hasan Al Ba’ba’a, An Xin, Zhangzhengrong Feng, and Qiming Wang. "Sharkskin-Inspired Magnetoactive Reconfigurable Acoustic Metamaterials." Research 2020 (February 5, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/4825185.
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Most of the existing acoustic metamaterials rely on architected structures with fixed configurations, and thus, their properties cannot be modulated once the structures are fabricated. Emerging active acoustic metamaterials highlight a promising opportunity to on-demand switch property states; however, they typically require tethered loads, such as mechanical compression or pneumatic actuation. Using untethered physical stimuli to actively switch property states of acoustic metamaterials remains largely unexplored. Here, inspired by the sharkskin denticles, we present a class of active acoustic metamaterials whose configurations can be on-demand switched via untethered magnetic fields, thus enabling active switching of acoustic transmission, wave guiding, logic operation, and reciprocity. The key mechanism relies on magnetically deformable Mie resonator pillar (MRP) arrays that can be tuned between vertical and bent states corresponding to the acoustic forbidding and conducting, respectively. The MRPs are made of a magnetoactive elastomer and feature wavy air channels to enable an artificial Mie resonance within a designed frequency regime. The Mie resonance induces an acoustic bandgap, which is closed when pillars are selectively bent by a sufficiently large magnetic field. These magnetoactive MRPs are further harnessed to design stimuli-controlled reconfigurable acoustic switches, logic gates, and diodes. Capable of creating the first generation of untethered-stimuli-induced active acoustic metadevices, the present paradigm may find broad engineering applications, ranging from noise control and audio modulation to sonic camouflage.
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Mooney, T. Aran, Maxwell B. Kaplan, and Marc O. Lammers. "Singing whales generate high levels of particle motion: implications for acoustic communication and hearing?" Biology Letters 12, no. 11 (November 2016): 20160381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0381.
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Acoustic signals are fundamental to animal communication, and cetaceans are often considered bioacoustic specialists. Nearly all studies of their acoustic communication focus on sound pressure measurements, overlooking the particle motion components of their communication signals. Here we characterized the levels of acoustic particle velocity (and pressure) of song produced by humpback whales. We demonstrate that whales generate acoustic fields that include significant particle velocity components that are detectable over relatively long distances sufficient to play a role in acoustic communication. We show that these signals attenuate predictably in a manner similar to pressure and that direct particle velocity measurements can provide bearings to singing whales. Whales could potentially use such information to determine the distance of signalling animals. Additionally, the vibratory nature of particle velocity may stimulate bone conduction, a hearing modality found in other low-frequency specialized mammals, offering a parsimonious mechanism of acoustic energy transduction into the massive ossicles of whale ears. With substantial concerns regarding the effects of increasing anthropogenic ocean noise and major uncertainties surrounding mysticete hearing, these results highlight both an unexplored pathway that may be available for whale acoustic communication and the need to better understand the biological role of acoustic particle motion.
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Lillis, Ashlee, Francesco Caruso, T. Aran Mooney, Joel Llopiz, DelWayne Bohnenstiehl, and David B. Eggleston. "Drifting hydrophones as an ecologically meaningful approach to underwater soundscape measurement in coastal benthic habitats." Journal of Ecoacoustics 2, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/jea.stbdh1.
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The ambient acoustic environment, or soundscape, is of broad interest in the study of marine ecosystems as both a source of rich sensory information to marine organisms and, more broadly, as a driver of the structure and function of marine communities. Increasing our understanding of how soundscapes affect and reflect ecological processes first requires appropriate characterization of the acoustic stimuli, and their patterns in space and time. Here, we present a novel method developed for measuring soundscape variation, using drifting acoustic recorders to quantify acoustic dynamics related to benthic habitat composition. Selected examples of drifter results from sub-tidal oyster-reef habitats in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA, and from coral reef habitats in St. John, US Virgin Islands, highlight the efficacy and utility of this approach in quantifying soundscape variation in diverse habitats. The platform introduces minimal noise into the acoustic recordings, and allows sampling at spatial scales that might typically be overlooked using stationary hydrophone methods. We demonstrate that mobile hydrophone recording methods offer new insight into soundscape variation and provide a complementary approach to conventional passive acoustic monitoring techniques.
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Zhu, Jianjiang, Siquan Yu, Lei Gao, Zhi Han, and Yandong Tang. "Saliency-Based Diver Target Detection and Localization Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3186834.
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Diver target automatic detection is indispensable for underwater defense systems, such as the unmanned harbor surveillance system. It is a very challenging task due to various poses and intensity features of diver target. In addition, the background noise in sonar images is complex, which also makes the task more difficult. In this paper, we propose a diver detection method based on saliency detection for sonar images. On the basis of studying the characteristics of diver sonar images, we first decompose the original sonar image and perform median filtering on it, which can significantly improve the quality of the sonar image saliency map. We employ saliency detection technique based on frequency analysis to segment the acoustic highlight region from its surroundings. This segmentation region roughly locates the diver target and generates a region of interest (ROI). We then extract the acoustic shadow region in ROI, which contributes to furtherly improve the localization accuracy. Finally, we merge the segmented highlight region and the extracted acoustic shadow region and compute the minimum outer rectangle of the merged region. Experimental results validate that the proposed method can well detect and locate the diver target, and it can also satisfy the demands of real-time application, and there is almost no false alarm in this method.
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Sóskuthy, Márton, and Jane Stuart-Smith. "Voice quality and coda /r/ in Glasgow English in the early 20th century." Language Variation and Change 32, no. 2 (July 2020): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394520000071.
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AbstractWe present acoustic and auditory analyses of changes to coda /r/ and voice quality in Glasgow English in the early twentieth century. Our initial acoustic analysis suggests that /r/ was weakening across the board based on an increase in F3. However, an auditory analysis of the same data finds no significant changes. An acoustic analysis of the same speakers’ vowels reveals that the shift in F3 is not unique to /r/. It reflects a change in voice quality, which we link to velarization using Vocal Profile Analysis. We then reanalyze the acoustic /r/ data, controlling for voice quality, and find only moderate changes that are restricted to females. These findings provide new evidence for diachronic changes in voice quality, contribute to our understanding of the development of /r/ in Glasgow English, and highlight the importance of investigating speech sounds in their broader context using multiple methodologies.
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Orchini, A., S. J. Illingworth, and M. P. Juniper. "Frequency domain and time domain analysis of thermoacoustic oscillations with wave-based acoustics." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 775 (June 25, 2015): 387–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.139.
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Many thermoacoustic systems exhibit rich nonlinear behaviour. Recent studies show that this nonlinear dynamics can be well captured by low-order time domain models that couple a level set kinematic model for a laminar flame, the $G$-equation, with a state-space realization of the linearized acoustic equations. However, so far the $G$-equation has been coupled only with straight ducts with uniform mean acoustic properties, which is a simplistic configuration. In this study, we incorporate a wave-based model of the acoustic network, containing area and temperature variations and frequency-dependent boundary conditions. We cast the linear acoustics into state-space form using a different approach from that in the existing literature. We then use this state-space form to investigate the stability of the thermoacoustic system, both in the frequency and time domains, using the flame position as a control parameter. We observe frequency-locked, quasiperiodic and chaotic oscillations. We identify the location of Neimark–Sacker bifurcations with Floquet theory. We also find the Ruelle–Takens–Newhouse route to chaos with nonlinear time series analysis techniques. We highlight important differences between the nonlinear response predicted by the frequency domain and the time domain methods. This reveals deficiencies with the frequency domain technique, which is commonly used in academic and industrial studies of thermoacoustic systems. We then demonstrate a more accurate approach based on continuation analysis applied to time domain techniques.
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Gao, Yuan, Mengren Wu, Yang Lin, and Jie Xu. "Acoustic Microfluidic Separation Techniques and Bioapplications: A Review." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100921.
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Microfluidic separation technology has garnered significant attention over the past decade where particles are being separated at a micro/nanoscale in a rapid, low-cost, and simple manner. Amongst a myriad of separation technologies that have emerged thus far, acoustic microfluidic separation techniques are extremely apt to applications involving biological samples attributed to various advantages, including high controllability, biocompatibility, and non-invasive, label-free features. With that being said, downsides such as low throughput and dependence on external equipment still impede successful commercialization from laboratory-based prototypes. Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in acoustic microfluidic separation techniques, along with exemplary applications. Specifically, an inclusive overview of fundamental theory and background is presented, then two sets of mechanisms underlying acoustic separation, bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave, are introduced and discussed. Upon these summaries, we present a variety of applications based on acoustic separation. The primary focus is given to those associated with biological samples such as blood cells, cancer cells, proteins, bacteria, viruses, and DNA/RNA. Finally, we highlight the benefits and challenges behind burgeoning developments in the field and discuss the future perspectives and an outlook towards robust, integrated, and commercialized devices based on acoustic microfluidic separation.
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Zaitceva, Mariya Vladimirivna, and Tatyana Victorovna Voloshina. "An Empirical Study of the Use of Mirror Repetition Technology as a Means of Phonetic Re-Printing (On the Example of Students With Visual Impairment)." Siberian Pedagogical Journal, no. 5 (November 18, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/1813-4718.2005.11.
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The article speculates upon the problem of phonetic re-imprint forming through the acoustic mirroring technology application. The aim is to represent and analyse the results of the empirical study held as part of our scientific research and to consider the effectiveness of the acoustic mirroring technology application. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of theoretical and practical analysis within the framework of activity and system approaches. Results. The authors highlight the effectiveness of imitation and mirroring mechanisms. Theoretical basis of re-imprint pattern forming mechanism as well as the empirical study results are given in the research paper. Student t-criterion for linked samples was applied to calculate the acoustic mirroring technology effectiveness. Taking into account the research data we can say that the acoustic mirroring technology is more effective for post-sensitive period phonetics mastering compared with standard methods. Conclusion. The acoustic mirroring technology application effectiveness for re-imprint forming is proved and fortified through the empirical research and analysis. We do not deny the importance of standard phonetics mastering methods but we consider it to be less effective for the phonetic re-imprint forming then the acoustic mirroring technology.
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Martens, S., I. J. M. Dhooge, and F. K. R. Swinnen. "Longitudinal analysis of the audiological phenotype in osteogenesis imperfecta: a follow-up study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, no. 8 (June 18, 2018): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215118000956.
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AbstractObjectiveThis prospective study involved a longitudinal analysis of the progression of hearing thresholds in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.MethodsAudiometric results from 36 osteogenesis imperfecta patients (age range, 6–79 years) were compared between two test times with an average interval of 4 years. Audiometric evaluation included acoustic admittance measurements, acoustic stapedial reflex measurements, pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions testing.ResultsAir conduction pure tone average, corrected for sex and age, and bone conduction pure tone average increased significantly in the study population (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). In 14.3 per cent of the evaluated ears, an alteration in type and/or severity of hearing loss was observed.ConclusionAfter an average time interval of four years, significant changes in hearing status occurred in a population of osteogenesis imperfecta patients. These findings highlight the importance of regular audiological follow up in osteogenesis imperfecta patients, including audiometry, and measurements of acoustic admittance, acoustic stapedial reflexes and otoacoustic emissions.
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Hughes, A. Randall, David A. Mann, and David L. Kimbro. "Predatory fish sounds can alter crab foraging behaviour and influence bivalve abundance." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1788 (August 7, 2014): 20140715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0715.
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The risk of predation can have large effects on ecological communities via changes in prey behaviour, morphology and reproduction. Although prey can use a variety of sensory signals to detect predation risk, relatively little is known regarding the effects of predator acoustic cues on prey foraging behaviour. Here we show that an ecologically important marine crab species can detect sound across a range of frequencies, probably in response to particle acceleration. Further, crabs suppress their resource consumption in the presence of experimental acoustic stimuli from multiple predatory fish species, and the sign and strength of this response is similar to that elicited by water-borne chemical cues. When acoustic and chemical cues were combined, consumption differed from expectations based on independent cue effects, suggesting redundancies among cue types. These results highlight that predator acoustic cues may influence prey behaviour across a range of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, with the potential for cascading effects on resource abundance.
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Lenell, Charles, Courtney K. Broadfoot, Nicole E. Schaen-Heacock, and Michelle R. Ciucci. "Biological and Acoustic Sex Differences in Rat Ultrasonic Vocalization." Brain Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040459.
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The rat model is a useful tool for understanding peripheral and central mechanisms of laryngeal biology. Rats produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) that have communicative intent and are altered by experimental conditions such as social environment, stress, diet, drugs, age, and neurological diseases, validating the rat model’s utility for studying communication and related deficits. Sex differences are apparent in both the rat larynx and USV acoustics and are differentially affected by experimental conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is to highlight the known sex differences in rat USV production, acoustics, and laryngeal biology detailed in the literature across the lifespan.
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Martínez-Lera, P., J. Christophe, and C. Schram. "Computation of the self-noise of a controlled-diffusion airfoil based on the acoustic analogy." International Journal of Aeroacoustics 16, no. 1-2 (February 20, 2017): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475472x16680447.
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The self-noise of a controlled-diffusion airfoil is computed with several numerical techniques based on the acoustic analogy and involving different degrees of approximation. The flow solution is obtained through an incompressible large eddy simulation. The acoustic field as described by Lighthill’s analogy is computed with a finite element method applied to the exact airfoil geometry, and this solution is compared with results based on a half-plane Green’s function. This problem behaves as a classical trailing-edge noise problem for a wide range of frequencies; however, other mechanisms of sound production become significant at high frequencies. The results highlight the relative strengths and weaknesses of quadrupole- and dipole-based formulations of the acoustic analogy based on incompressible Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results when applied to wall-bounded turbulent flows.
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Baker, Christa A., Jan Clemens, and Mala Murthy. "Acoustic Pattern Recognition and Courtship Songs: Insights from Insects." Annual Review of Neuroscience 42, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-061839.
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Across the animal kingdom, social interactions rely on sound production and perception. From simple cricket chirps to more elaborate bird songs, animals go to great lengths to communicate information critical for reproduction and survival via acoustic signals. Insects produce a wide array of songs to attract a mate, and the intended receivers must differentiate these calls from competing sounds, analyze the quality of the sender from spectrotemporal signal properties, and then determine how to react. Insects use numerically simple nervous systems to analyze and respond to courtship songs, making them ideal model systems for uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying acoustic pattern recognition. We highlight here how the combination of behavioral studies and neural recordings in three groups of insects—crickets, grasshoppers, and fruit flies—reveals common strategies for extracting ethologically relevant information from acoustic patterns and how these findings might translate to other systems.
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McMurdy, John W., Gregory D. Jay, Selim Suner, and Gregory Crawford. "Noninvasive Optical, Electrical, and Acoustic Methods of Total Hemoglobin Determination." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.093948.
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Abstract Background: Anemia is an underdiagnosed, significant public health concern afflicting >2 billion people worldwide. The detrimental effects of tissue oxygen deficiency on the cardiovascular system and concurrent appearance of anemia with numerous high-risk disorders highlight the importance of clinical screening. Currently there is no universally accepted, clinically applicable, noninvasive hemoglobin/hematocrit screening tool. The need for such a device has prompted an investigation into a breadth of techniques. Methods: A synopsis of the literature and current directions of research in noninvasive total hemoglobin measurement was collected. Contributions highlighted in this review are limited to those studies conducted with a clinical aspect, and most include in vivo patient studies. Results: The review of potential techniques presented here includes optoacoustic spectroscopy, spectrophotometric imaging, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transcutaneous illumination, electrical admittance plethysmography, and photoplethysmography. The technological performance, relative benefits of each approach, potential instrumentation design considerations, and future directions are discussed in each subcategory. Conclusions: Many techniques reviewed here have shown excellent accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in measuring hemoglobin/hematocrit, thus in the near future a new clinically viable tool for noninvasive hemoglobin/hematocrit monitoring will likely be widely used for patient care. Limiting factors in clinical adoption will likely involve technology integration into the current standard of care in each field routinely dealing with anemia.
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Richardson, Christina, Doris Gomez, Romain Durieux, Marc Théry, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna, Sandrine Plénet, and Thierry Lengagne. "Hearing is not necessarily believing in nocturnal anurans." Biology Letters 6, no. 5 (March 24, 2010): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0038.
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The recent discovery of the use of visual cues for mate choice by nocturnal acoustic species raises the important, and to date unaddressed, question of how these signals affect the outcome of mate choice predicted by female preference for male calls. In order to address this question, we presented female Hyla arborea tree frogs with a series of choices between combinations of acoustic and visual cues of varying quality in nocturnal conditions. While females exhibited the expected preference for a combination of attractive values for visual and acoustic signals over combinations of unattractive values for both signals, when presented with conflicting acoustic and visual cues, they equally adopted one of two strategies, preferring either attractive calls or intense vocal sac coloration. This constitutes novel evidence that the outcome of mate choice, as predicted on the basis of male calling quality, can be drastically different when additional communication modalities—in this case vision—are taken into account. These results also highlight the possible existence of individual variation in female rules for cue prioritization. The implications of these results for the study of mate choice in nocturnal acoustic species are discussed.
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Richards, Susan, and Usha Goswami. "Impaired Recognition of Metrical and Syntactic Boundaries in Children with Developmental Language Disorders." Brain Sciences 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9020033.
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In oral language, syntactic structure is cued in part by phrasal metrical hierarchies of acoustic stress patterns. For example, many children’s texts use prosodic phrasing comprising tightly integrated hierarchies of metre and syntax to highlight the phonological and syntactic structure of language. Children with developmental language disorders (DLDs) are relatively insensitive to acoustic stress. Here, we disrupted the coincidence of metrical and syntactic boundaries as cued by stress patterns in children’s texts so that metrical and/or syntactic phrasing conflicted. We tested three groups of children: children with DLD, age-matched typically developing controls (AMC) and younger language-matched controls (YLC). Children with DLDs and younger, language-matched controls were poor at spotting both metrical and syntactic disruptions. The data are interpreted within a prosodic phrasing hypothesis of DLD based on impaired acoustic processing of speech rhythm.
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Foley, Christopher D. "Jonson's Acoustic-Oriented Dramaturgy in the First Folio Playtexts of Epicoene and The Alchemist." Ben Jonson Journal 25, no. 1 (May 2018): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2018.0211.
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One significant yet understudied aspect of the First Folio printings of Epicoene and The Alchemist is that their marginal stage directions highlight the importance of Jonson's acoustic-oriented dramaturgy to both plays. In light of Jonson's recurrent associations between exposure to noise pollution and the threat of plague, this essay reads Jonson's acoustic-oriented dramaturgy in Epicoene and The Alchemist as a direct engagement with the contemporary plague-time performance settings of both plays. Moreover, when considered alongside the numerous site-specific engagements of both printed playtexts, what becomes clear is that Jonson's acoustic-oriented dramaturgy assumes an important satirical dimension directed at these plays’ earliest London audiences. First, in part through his acoustic manipulation of the indoor performance environments of the Whitefriars and Blackfriars theaters, Jonson satirically critiques the fantasies of social exclusivity embodied by Morose and Lovewit. Equally importantly, by drawing dramaturgical inspiration from the ambivalent experience of playgoing during an ongoing plague outbreak, Jonson also critiques the fantasies of social exclusivity evident among his plague-time comedies’ well-to-do London audiences.
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Lester, Rosemary A., and Brad H. Story. "Acoustic Characteristics of Simulated Respiratory-Induced Vocal Tremor." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 22, no. 2 (May 2013): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0043).
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of respiratory forced oscillation to the acoustic characteristics of vocal tremor. Method Acoustical analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the intensity and fundamental frequency (F 0 ) for speech samples obtained by Farinella, Hixon, Hoit, Story, and Jones (2006) using a respiratory forced oscillation paradigm with 5 healthy adult males to simulate vocal tremor involving respiratory pressure modulation. The analyzed conditions were sustained productions of /a/ with amplitudes of applied pressure of 0, 1, 2, and 4 cmH 2 O and a rate of 5 Hz. Results Forced oscillation of the respiratory system produced modulation of the intensity and F 0 for all participants. Variability was observed between participants and conditions in the change in intensity and F 0 per unit of pressure change, as well as in the mean intensity and F 0 . However, the extent of modulation of intensity and F 0 generally increased as the applied pressure increased, as would be expected. Conclusion These findings suggest that individuals develop idiosyncratic adaptations to pressure modulations, which are important to understanding aspects of variability in vocal tremor, and highlight the need to assess all components of the speech mechanism that may be directly or indirectly affected by tremor.
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Unnikrishnan, S., and Datta V. Gaitonde. "Acoustic, hydrodynamic and thermal modes in a supersonic cold jet." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 800 (July 7, 2016): 387–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.410.
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Large-eddy simulation data for a Mach 1.3 round jet are decomposed into acoustic, hydrodynamic and thermal components using Doak’s momentum potential theory. The decomposed fields are then analysed to examine the properties of each mode and their dynamics based on the transport equation for the total fluctuating enthalpy. The solenoidal fluctuations highlight hydrodynamic components of the jet and capture the shear layer growth and breakdown process. The acoustic mode exhibits a jittering coherent wavepacket structure in the turbulent region and consequent highly directional downstream radiation. The expected radial decay rates, $r^{-6}$ for hydrodynamic and $r^{-2}$ for acoustic, are recovered and closely follow the universal radiation spectra in the sideline and downstream directions. The scalogram of the acoustic mode in the near-acoustic-field region is consistent with that of the pressure perturbation signal in the acoustic-frequency range, but effectively removes the hydrodynamic and thermal content. The time-resolved and mean behaviour of terms in the total fluctuating enthalpy equation is analysed in detail. A large-scale intermittent event in the near-acoustic field is shown to be associated with an intrusion of vortices from the shear layer into the core of the jet. Acoustic sources are created when the resulting negative fluctuations in the solenoidal component interact with positive fluctuations in the Coriolis acceleration term. The latter are associated with regions of high vorticity on the inner side of the shear layer. In contrast, sinks result from the interaction of solenoidal momentum fluctuations with positive entropy gradients along entrainment streaks.
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Ritwik Baranwal. "Automatic Summarization of Cricket Highlights using Audio Processing." January 2021 7, no. 01 (January 4, 2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst070111.
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The problem of automatic excitement detection in cricket videos is considered and applied for highlight generation. This paper focuses on detecting exciting events in video using complementary information from the audio and video domains. First, a method of audio and video elements separation is proposed. Thereafter, the “level-of-excitement” is measured using features such as amplitude, and spectral center of gravity extracted from the commentators speech’s amplitude to decide the threshold. Our experiments using actual cricket videos show that these features are well correlated with human assessment of excitability. Finally, audio/video information is fused according to time-order scenes which has “excitability” in order to generate highlights of cricket. The techniques described in this paper are generic and applicable to a variety of topic and video/acoustic domains.
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Vidana Morales, Ruth Yadira, Susana Ortega Cisneros, Jose Rodrigo Camacho Perez, Federico Sandoval Ibarra, and Ricardo Casas Carrillo. "3D Simulation-Based Acoustic Wave Resonator Analysis and Validation Using Novel Finite Element Method Software." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082715.
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This work illustrates the analysis of Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (FBAR) using 3D Finite Element (FEM) simulations with the software OnScale in order to predict and improve resonator performance and quality before manufacturing. This kind of analysis minimizes manufacturing cycles by reducing design time with 3D simulations running on High-Performance Computing (HPC) cloud services. It also enables the identification of manufacturing effects on device performance. The simulation results are compared and validated with a manufactured FBAR device, previously reported, to further highlight the usefulness and advantages of the 3D simulations-based design process. In the 3D simulation results, some analysis challenges, like boundary condition definitions, mesh tuning, loss source tracing, and device quality estimations, were studied. Hence, it is possible to highlight that modern FEM solvers, like OnScale enable unprecedented FBAR analysis and design optimization.
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Dibben, Nicola. "What Do We Hear, When We Hear Music?: Music Perception and Musical Material." Musicae Scientiae 5, no. 2 (September 2001): 161–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986490100500203.
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Theories of auditory event perception have highlighted a distinction between “everyday” and “musical” listening. This paper challenges this account of listening in two ways: first, it extends the notion of source specification to the specification of cultural and compositional categories, and second, it argues that listening to music involves listening to what sounds specify just as much as it involves listening to the acoustic characteristics of sounds. It is argued here that the characterisation of ‘musical’ listening as attending to the acoustic character of sound is a reflection of the prevailing reception ideology of the autonomous art work. This paper reports the results of two empirical studies which provide evidence for the perception of music in terms of categories of musical material (.i.e. what sounds specify). In the first study, participants were presented with triads of musical and everyday sounds presented in conflicting pairings and asked to identify the two that were most similar. In the second study listeners were asked to give commentaries on the sounds. These listening studies showed that while listeners pay attention to the acoustic properties of sounds they are also sensitive to what sounds specify (physical source, physical space and proximity, genre, musical function, performance skill, emotional attributes and social context). The results highlight the way in which listeners privilege particular kinds of specifications, and some of the factors involved in these choices are discussed briefly in relation to a performative theory of musical meaning.
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Huang, Shufang, Zhiqiang Sun, Huan Liu, Yanqin Wang, and Minmin Yuan. "Key Points of Acoustic Consultation for Highway Noise barrier Design Optimization." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502008.
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Noise barrier treatment is a traffic noise pollution prevention project. Many domestic residents along high-grade highways are densely distributed and there are many sensitive points in the acoustic environment. Traffic noise will have a large environmental impact along the route. The design of the noise barrier from the EIA stage to the construction stage is inconsistent with the actual situation. Therefore, in order to improve and optimize the noise reduction measures along the line and reasonably control the cost of the noise barrier project, many should be optimized. We shoud clarify the noise barrier installation location, scale, acoustic material technical requirements, standards, and engineering cost estimates, focusing on the principle of no reduction in noise reduction, strong operability, and economical practicality, in order to highlight the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
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Sukaj, Silvana, Antonella Bevilacqua, Giuseppe Ciaburro, Gino Iannace, and Amelia Trematerra. "Ottoman Mosques in Albania: Building Acoustic Exploration inside Five Case Studies." Buildings 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100430.
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The Ottoman mosques of the 15th and 16th centuries represent an architectural typology that has been replicated in territories out of the Middle East for as long as Islam spread its influence on other countries. This paper deals with the determination of the acoustic properties inside a few Ottoman mosques located in different cities of Albania, specifically in Elbasan, Berat, Kavaja, Tirana and Shkodra. A comparison between the prayer rooms of these five mosques has been undertaken in terms of the main acoustic parameters by following the standard requirements outlined in ISO 3382-1. The architectural characteristics of the single-unit mosques chosen for this research study are determined by the domed-square musalla, which has a comparable volume size among all five mosques. Results gathered by the acoustic measurements undertaken in unoccupied conditions highlight an overall lack of speech understanding given the values of some acoustic parameters fairly acceptable. This outcome is justified by the geometrical configuration, worsened by the presence of a dome that creates a focusing effect of the sound rays, and by the reflecting finish materials applied to walls and roof that facilitate the build-up defect of echoes.
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Diggins, Corinne A., L. Michelle Gilley, Gregory G. Turner, and W. Mark Ford. "Ultrasonic Acoustic Surveys of State Endangered Northern Flying Squirrels in the Pocono Mountains, Pennsylvania." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-020.
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Abstract Surveying for flying squirrels by using traditional techniques produces extremely low detection rates compared with ultrasonic acoustics. Within Pennsylvania, the northern flying squirrel subspecies Glaucomys sabrinus macrotis is state listed as endangered due to habitat loss and parasite-mediated competition by and hybridization with the southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans. This subspecies is isolated from adjacent populations in West Virginia and New York and has experienced drastic population declines. The discovery and characterization of ultrasonic vocalizations of G. s. macrotis and G. volans, as well as successful field surveys with ultrasonic acoustic detectors in the southern Appalachian Mountains, highlight the potential use of this technique for determining the presence of G. s. macrotis. To confirm the feasibility of using this technique on declining populations of G. s. macrotis sympatric with G. volans, we conducted 108 nights of passive ultrasonic acoustic surveys for G. s. macrotis at six survey sites by using two detectors per survey site (N = 12 detectors) in June 2017. We considered sites high quality (“high”) or low quality (“low”) based on the number of physical capture records during the past 2 decades and the dominance of boreo-montane conifer tree species in the overstory. We detected G. s. macrotis at four study sites and G. volans at all six study sites. We found higher average probability of detection for G. s. macrotis in high vs. low sites (0.28 ± 0.06 [mean ± SE] and 0.09 ± 0.07, respectively), whereas probability of detection was similar for G. volans between high and low sites (0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.17 ± 0.05, respectively). We also found G. s. macrotis had lower latency of detection at high vs. low sites (2.7 ± 0.8 and 7.83 ± 1.5 nights, respectively) but G. volans did not vary in latency of detection between sites (5 ± 1.6 and 3.8 ± 1.5 nights, respectively). Our study shows acoustics can be successfully used to efficiently survey G. s. macrotis in Pennsylvania, where populations are small and monitoring these populations more effectively is critical to determining changes in persistence due to climate- and disease-induced factors.
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Pandeli, Helen, Joseph F. Eska, Martin J. Ball, and Joan Rahilly. "Problems of phonetic transcription: The case of the Hiberno-English slit-t." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 27, no. 1-2 (June 1997): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300005430.
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Acoustic and electropalatographic data on the so-called Hiberno-English ‘slit-t’ are reported, and the implications these data have for an adequate transcription are discussed. Previous transcription suggestions highlight the difficulty posed by the lack of an IPA diacritic for tongue shape. We conclude that the adoption of an alveolar diacritic (as used in the extensions to the IPA for transcribing disordered speech) could get round these difficulties.
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Fasana, Alessandro, and Luigi Garibaldi. "Measurement of Acoustic Emission Signals: Influence of the Couplant." Key Engineering Materials 347 (September 2007): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.347.375.
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The acoustic emission (AE) technique, whose modern roots are found in the early 50’s, analyses the elastic waves generated into solid materials in a frequency range usually well above the human ears limit. AE are sound waves emitted when abrupt variations occur in the local distribution of strain in a medium. These variations are generally associated with, for example, the growth of fractures, phase transformations and corrosion under various loading conditions. This is why the AE technique can be applied as a non destructive and passive tool in condition monitoring of structures, a typical application being the pressure vessels and piping field. In this paper, after a short summary on wave propagation, the AE is simulated by a pulse generator, acting on a bar and a plate. The aim is to highlight the effects of the sensors positioning on some of the parameters frequently adopted to describe the AE activity, e.g. its amplitude and strength.
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Billon, Alexis, Judicaël Picaut, Vincent Valeau, and Anas Sakout. "Acoustic Predictions in Industrial Spaces Using a Diffusion Model." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2012 (March 26, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/260394.
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Industrial spaces are known to be very noisy working environment. This noise exposure can be uncomfortable, tiring, or even harmful, at worst. Industrial spaces have several characteristics: they are often huge flat volumes fitted with many obstacles and sound sources. Moreover, they are usually surrounded by rooms where low noise levels are required. The existing prediction tools can seldom model all these phenomena accurately. In this paper, a prediction model based on a diffusion equation is presented. The successive developments carried out to deal with the various propagating phenomena met in industrial spaces are shown. For each phenomenon, numerical or experimental examples are given to highlight the validity of this model. It is also shown that its computation load is very little in comparison to ray-tracing-based methods. In addition, this model can be used as a reliable and flexible tool to study the physics of the coupling between rooms. Finally, an application to a virtual factory is presented.
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Cagua, E. Fernando, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Christoph A. Rohner, Clare E. M. Prebble, Tane H. Sinclair-Taylor, Simon J. Pierce, and Michael L. Berumen. "Acoustic telemetry reveals cryptic residency of whale sharks." Biology Letters 11, no. 4 (April 2015): 20150092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0092.
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Although whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus ) have been documented to move thousands of kilometres, they are most frequently observed at a few predictable seasonal aggregation sites. The absence of sharks at the surface during visual surveys has led to the assumption that sharks disperse to places unknown during the long ‘off-seasons’ at most of these locations. Here we compare 2 years of R. typus visual sighting records from Mafia Island in Tanzania to concurrent acoustic telemetry of tagged individuals. Sightings revealed a clear seasonal pattern with a peak between October and February and no sharks observed at other times. By contrast, acoustic telemetry demonstrated year-round residency of R. typus . The sharks use a different habitat in the off-season, swimming deeper and further away from shore, presumably in response to prey distributions. This behavioural change reduces the sharks' visibility, giving the false impression that they have left the area. We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, year-round residency of unprovisioned, individual R. typus at an aggregation site, and highlight the importance of using multiple techniques to study the movement ecology of marine megafauna.
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Ribeiro, Estela, and Carlos Eduardo Thomaz. "A Whole Brain EEG Analysis of Musicianship." Music Perception 37, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2019.37.1.42.
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The neural activation patterns provoked in response to music listening can reveal whether a subject did or did not receive music training. In the current exploratory study, we have approached this two-group (musicians and nonmusicians) classification problem through a computational framework composed of the following steps: Acoustic features extraction; Acoustic features selection; Trigger selection; EEG signal processing; and Multivariate statistical analysis. We are particularly interested in analyzing the brain data on a global level, considering its activity registered in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals on a given time instant. Our experiment's results—with 26 volunteers (13 musicians and 13 nonmusicians) who listened the classical music Hungarian Dance No. 5 from Johannes Brahms—have shown that is possible to linearly differentiate musicians and nonmusicians with classification accuracies that range from 69.2% (test set) to 93.8% (training set), despite the limited sample sizes available. Additionally, given the whole brain vector navigation method described and implemented here, our results suggest that it is possible to highlight the most expressive and discriminant changes in the participants brain activity patterns depending on the acoustic feature extracted from the audio.
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Dinulică, Florin, Mariana Domnica Stanciu, and Adriana Savin. "Correlation between Anatomical Grading and Acoustic–Elastic Properties of Resonant Spruce Wood Used for Musical Instruments." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081122.
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This paper deals with the acoustic and elastic properties of resonant wood, classified into four classes, according to the classification of wood quality by the manufacturers of musical instruments. Traditionally, the quality grades of resonant wood are determined on the basis of the visual inspections of the macroscopic characteristics of the wood (annual ring width, regularity, proportion of early and late wood, absence of defects, etc.). Therefore, in this research, we studied whether there are correlations between the acoustic and elastic properties and the anatomical characteristics of wood used for the construction of violins. The results regarding the identification of the anatomical properties of resonant spruce, the wood color, and the acoustic/elastic properties, determined by ultrasonic measurements, were statistically analyzed to highlight the connection between the determined properties. From the statistical analysis, it can be seen that the only variables with the power to separate the quality classes are (in descending order of importance) the speed of sound propagation in the radial direction, Poisson’s ratio in the longitudinal–radial direction, and the speed of propagation of sounds in the longitudinal direction.
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Dalal, Surjeet, and Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf. "Prediction of Occupation Stress by Implementing Convolutional Neural Network Techniques." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 23, no. 3 (July 2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.20210701.oa3.
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Medicinal services experts experience significant levels of word-related worry because of their working conditions. Subsequently, the point of this study is to build up a model that spotlights human services experts in order to break down the impact that activity requests, control, social help, and acknowledgment have on the probability that a specialist will experience pressure. The authors have beforehand presented a technique for pitch highlight identification utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) that yields great execution utilizing low-level acoustic descriptors alone, with no express span data. This paper utilizes this model for different pitch complement and lexical pressure discovery errands at the word and syllable level on the DIRNDL German radio news corpus. This research demonstrates that data on word or syllable span is encoded in the elevated level CNN include portrayal via preparing a direct relapse model on these highlights to foresee term.
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Jalil, Nurul Amira Abd, Nazli Bin Che Din, and Nila Inangda Manyam Keumala Daud. "A Literature Analysis on Acoustical Environment in Green Building Design Strategies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 471 (December 2013): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.138.
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Acoustic quality is important in ensuring a healthy and workable working environment. One of green buildings main objective is to reduce the building impact on human health and performance. This was emphasized in most green building rating system under its requirement for Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). IEQ highlights the four main points for achieving an improved indoor environment: indoor air quality, acoustics, visual comfort (lighting) and thermal comfort. Although acoustics was mentioned in the IEQ criteria, according to previous surveys and studies; acoustics quality in green buildings were not improving. It seems as though in order to improve on other green building criteria, acoustics performance is bound to become poorer. Through review of previous literature, survey and studies on acoustical performance in green buildings, the objective of this paper is to identify how green building design strategies contribute to the degradation of acoustical environment in green office buildings. Findings shows that design strategies implemented to cater for other green building requirements such as natural ventilation, daylight, reduction of finishes and office layout have unintentionally decrease the acoustical quality.