Relevant bibliographies by topics / Acoustic velocity meters

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Acoustic velocity meters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Acoustic velocity meters"

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Jia, Li Juan, Zhan Feng Qi, Sen Zhang, Yu Feng Qin, Jian Shi, Xuan Ming Zhang, and Xiu Jun Sun. "Dynamic Analysis of the Acoustic Velocity Profile Observation Underwater Glider." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.50.

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Underwater gliders carried acoustic velocity meters can realize ocean profile observations of the acoustic velocity for long duration and large scale. This paper mainly studies the kinematics and hydrodynamics of the Slocum underwater glider carrying a acoustic velocity meter MINOSX with length 565mm and diameter 76mm. Thus, theory reference for optimal design parameters of the underwater glider is proposed. By establishing the kinematic equations and giving some related parameters, variations with time of the steady-state gliding velocity, pitch angle, gliding path and attack angle are simulated by using Matlab software; The simulation calculations of the hydro-drag and lift are completed by using Fluent software. Finally, this paper summarizes the dynamic characteristics in steady state of the underwater glider in longitudinal plane.
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Betteridge, Kyle F. E., Peter D. Thorne, and Paul S. Bell. "Assessment of Acoustic Coherent Doppler and Cross-Correlation Techniques for Measuring Near-Bed Velocity and Suspended Sediment Profiles in the Marine Environment." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426-19.3.367.

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Abstract The simultaneous measurement of current flow and suspended sediment concentration in the marine environment is central to the study of sediment transport processes. In view of this, two acoustic approaches for measuring flow were tested in a tidal estuary to assess their capabilities in this environment. A coherent Doppler velocity profiler and a cross-correlation velocity profiler were assessed using conventional current meters and a commercially available acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Mean velocity profiles were obtained up to a range of 1.47 m in 0.046-m range bins over a number of flood tides. The measurements compared well with the reference instruments and regression analysis produced gradients close to unity. Turbulent velocities measured with the coherent Doppler profiler were comparable with turbulent fluctuations measured with the acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The cross-correlation velocity profiler was shown to be unable to measure turbulent velocities. The backscattered signals received on the cross-correlation transducers were also used to compute the sediment concentration profiles using an explicit solution to the acoustic backscatter equation. Combining the concentration and flow measurements enabled sediment flux profiles to be obtained, the results of which compared favorably with flux measurements obtained from the conventional current meters and pumped sampling.
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Hogg, Nelson G., and Daniel E. Frye. "Performance of a New Generation of Acoustic Current Meters." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3003.1.

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Abstract As part of a program aimed at developing a long-duration, subsurface mooring, known as Ultramoor, several modern acoustic current meters were tested. The instruments with which the authors have the most experience are the Aanderaa RCM11 and the Nortek Aquadopp, which measure currents using the Doppler shift of backscattered acoustic signals, and the Falmouth Scientific ACM, which measures changes in travel time of acoustic signals between pairs of transducers. Some results from the Doppler-based Sontek Argonaut and the travel-time-based Nobska MAVS are also reported. This paper concentrates on the fidelity of the speed measurement but also presents some results related to the accuracy of the direction measurement. Two procedures were used to compare the instruments. In one, different instruments were placed close to one another on three different deep-ocean moorings. These tests showed that the RCM11 measures consistently lower speeds than either a vector averaging current meter or a vector measuring current meter, both more traditional instruments with mechanical velocity sensors. The Aquadopp in use at the time, but since updated to address accuracy problems in low scattering environments, was biased high. A second means of testing involved comparing the appropriate velocity component of each instrument with the rate of change of pressure when they were lowered from a ship. Results from this procedure revealed no depth dependence or measurable bias in the RCM11 data, but did show biases in both the Aquadopp and Argonaut Doppler-based instruments that resulted from low signal-to-noise ratios in the clear, low scattering conditions beneath the thermocline. Improvements in the design of the latest Aquadopp have reduced this bias to a level that is not significant.
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Zhiyou, Liu, Huo Jinghuan, and Zhu Xiaogang. "The application of digital logging in exploration of Jiang Cang coalfield in Qinghai province." International Journal of Geology 1, no. 1 (July 21, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/ijg.2016.006.

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A lot of well logging on to Jiang Cang coalfield in the past work and achieved good results, but due to differ in age, instrumentation equipment and method were different. In order to understand the application effect of the equipment used in the area now and in order to provide the basis for the future working to choose the appropriate logging parameters and well logging interpretation, we chosed GJS - 1 b intelligent engineering logging system produced by Chongqing geological instrument factory in Jiang Cang mining area, we collected the data when cable were ascending, according to 《the requirements of the rules of coalfield geophysical logging》, JGS - 1 b instrument full hole resistivity logging velocity of 3 m/s, the sampling interval was 5 cm, acoustic logging measurement parameter for the acoustic time, adopt the device of single-emission and double-receiving, detectorsource space was 0.5 meters, 0.7 meters, the full hole velocity was 6 m/s, the sampling interval was 10 cm.In this paper, we introduce the application of multiple well logging method in coalfield geology through to the logging examples in Mu Li Jang Cang coalfield four field of qinghai province, the effect was remarkable
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Mayer, Dennis A., Jyotika I. Virmani, and Robert H. Weisberg. "Velocity Comparisons from Upward and Downward Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers on the West Florida Shelf." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech2094.1.

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Abstract Current observations are compared from upward- and downward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed on the West Florida Shelf (WFS). Despite regional differences, statistical analyses show good agreement between all sets of observations throughout the water column except in the upper few meters where all downward-looking ADCPs exhibit small, but significant, reduction in rms speed values. Evidence suggests that this reduction is mooring related. It is possible that the presence of near-surface bubbles caused by wave activity could bias the near-surface observations. Otherwise, either the upward- or downward-looking mooring systems produce equivalent observations with differences due to spatial variations.
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Puzanau, A. D., and D. S. Nefedov. "Synthesis of algorithm of unmanned aerial vehicle detection by acoustic noise." Doklady BGUIR 19, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2021-19-2-65-73.

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The algorithm of detection of acoustic noise provided by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the noise background due to wind is synthesized in the article. Creation of the algorithm has been carried out using the Neyman – Pearson lemma. The algorithm assumes a combination of the stages of wind noise coherent compensation and coherent accumulation of UAV’s acoustic noise sound pressure impulses. The coherent accumulation time matches doubled time of fluctuation correlation resulted by experimental research of acoustic noise of different types of UAVs. Efficiency of the developed algorithm of UAV detection depends on flight velocity, foreshortening, amount of blades and rotor turnovers of UAV as well as weather conditions. For the probability of a false alarm value of 10–4, the probability of correct UAV detection value of 0.9 is provided wherein signal-to-noise ratio has a value of 8 dB. These indicators correspond the detection range of 200 to 300 meters. The obtained results allow discussions about perspective of acoustic UAVs detection systems adaptation.
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Bunge, Lucia, Christine Provost, Jonathan M. Lilly, Marc D’Orgeville, Annie Kartavtseff, and Jean-Luc Melice. "Variability of the Horizontal Velocity Structure in the Upper 1600 m of the Water Column on the Equator at 10°W." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2908.1.

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Abstract This paper presents initial results from new velocity observations in the eastern part of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean from a moored current-meter array. During the “EQUALANT” program (1999–2000), a mooring array was deployed around the equator near 10°W that recorded one year of measurements at various depths. Horizontal velocities were obtained in the upper 60 m from an upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and at 13 deeper levels from current meters between 745 and 1525 m. To analyze the quasiperiodic variability observed in these records, a wavelet-based technique was used. Quasiperiodic oscillations having periods between 5 and 100 days were separated into four bands: 5–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–100 days. The variability shows (i) a strong seasonality (the first half of the series is dominated by larger periods than the second one) and (ii) a strong dependence with depth (some oscillations are present in the entire water column while others are only present at certain depths). For the oscillations that are present in the entire water column the origin of the forcing can be traced to the surface, while for the others the question of their origin remains open. Phase shifts at different depths generate vertical shears in the horizontal velocity component with relatively short vertical scales. This is especially visible in long-duration events (>100 days) of the zonal velocity component. Comparison with a simultaneous lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) section suggests that some of these flows may be identified with equatorial deep jets. A striking feature is a strong vertical shear lasting about 7 months between 745 and 1000 m. These deep current-meter observations would then imply a few months of duration for the jets in this region.
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Samuelsen, A., S. S. Hjøllo, J. A. Johannessen, and R. Patel. "Particle aggregation in anticyclonic eddies and implications for distribution of biomass." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-187-2012.

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Abstract. Acoustic measurements show that the biomass of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish is redistributed by mesoscale variability and that the signal extends over several hundred meters depth. The mechanisms governing this distribution are not well understood, but influences from both physical (i.e. physical redistribution) and biological processes (i.e. nutrient transport, primary production, active swimming, etc.) are likely. This study examines how hydrodynamic conditions and basic vertical swimming behavior act to distribute biomass in an anticyclonic eddy. Using an eddy-resolving 2.3 km-resolution physical ocean model as forcing for a particle-tracking module, particles representing passively floating organisms and organisms with vertical swimming behavior are released within an eddy and monitored for 20 to 30 days. The role of hydrodynamic conditions on the distribution of biomass is discussed in relation to the acoustic measurements. Particles released close to the surfaces tend, in agreement with the observations, to accumulate around the edge of the eddy, whereas particles released at depth tend to distribute along the isopycnals. After a month they are displaced several hundreds meters in the vertical with the deepest particles found close to the eddy center, but there is no evidence of aggregation of particles along the eddy rim. All in all, the particle redistribution appears to result from a complex mixture of strain and vertical velocity. The simplified view where the vertical velocity in eddies is regarded as uniform and symmetric around the eddy center is therefore not a reliable representation of the eddy dynamics.
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., Hartanto, Agust Tjahjono, and Rudy Sugiharto. "The characteristics of current patterns in the waters of port of Tanjung Emas Semarang." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 2 (April 18, 2020): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.30466.

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The Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang is located in the northern of Java which is regarded as a strategic position to support sea transportation connectivity to Kalimantan. Conducted at the Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang, this research applied exploratory descriptive as the research methodology. Measurements of this research were made by using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current meter Profiler) type of Multi Cell Argounaut-XR. The research was carried out in 3 days (January 16th, 2016 – January 19th, 2016). Current velocity data were taken at ± 7 meters depth in five depth strata. The research was aimed to measure the current pattern and distribution of ballast water discharges from commercial vessels at the port. Based on the research, it was found that the current velocity of all water columns in the port varied ranging from 0.042-0.124 m/s with minimum current velocity of 0.0–0.003 m/s and maximum current velocity of 0.139-0.452 m/s. It was also found that the dominant current direction was north and south. It was predicted that the distribution of the ballast water discharges during falling tide (the tide went from high to low) moved from south to north, heading the port exit. In contrast, during rising tide (the tide went from low to high), the distribution of the ballast water discharges moved from north to south, heading the estuary of Baru river.
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Morozov, E. G., R. Y. Tarakanov, and H. van Haren. "Transport of Antarctic bottom water through the Kane Gap, tropical NE Atlantic Ocean." Ocean Science 9, no. 5 (September 23, 2013): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-9-825-2013.

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Abstract. We study low-frequency properties of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) flow through the Kane Gap (9° N) in the Atlantic Ocean. The measurements in the Kane Gap include five visits with CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) sections in 2009–2012 and a year-long record of currents on a mooring using three AquaDopp current meters. We found an alternating regime of flow, which changes direction several times during a year. The seasonal signal seems to dominate. The maximum daily average values of southerly velocities reach 0.20 m s−1, while the greatest north-northwesterly velocity is as high as 0.15 m s−1. The velocity and transport at the bottom are aligned along the slope of a local hill near the southwestern side of the gap. The distribution of velocity directions at the upper boundary of AABW is wider. The transport of AABW (Θ < 1.9 °C) based on the mooring and LADCP (Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) data varies approximately within ±0.35 Sv in the northern and southern directions. The annual mean AABW transport through the Kane Gap is almost zero.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acoustic velocity meters"

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RUIZ, ALBERTO. "SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS ON SURFACE-TREATED METALS BY LASER-ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1077302192.

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Besnard, Stephane. "Performance and application of the Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor (M.A.V.S.) current meter for laboratory measurements." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1538.

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Every type of current meter is different and has its proper characteristics. Knowing the performance of a current meter is essential in order to use it properly either for field or laboratory measurements (such as in the Offshore Technology Research Center wave basin). A study of the MAVS (Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor) in a wave basin is a first step essential for later deployment in real studies. This thesis is based on data obtained from different series of laboratory measurements conducted in the OTRC wave basin. The objective of the first part of the study was to characterize the MAVS frequency response using benchmarks such as tow tests or wave tests. These benchmarks allowed us not only to characterize the sensor but also to eventually correct some of the measurement distortions due to flow blockage, vortex shedding, or vibrations of the mounting structure, for example. After the preliminary study was done, we focused on the potential use of the MAVS in the OTRC wave basin. Indeed, in the case of a study of a scale model in the wave basin, the stresses applied to the model have to be accurately known. In the case of current-induced loads, this includes contributions from both the mean flow and the turbulence. Thus, after correcting the values measured by the MAVS, a mapping of the current jet was executed to determine its three-dimensional structure in the wave basin. Knowing the structure of the current in the OTRC wave basin, it was then possible to define a domain in which the current can be considered uniform with a certain tolerable error. This domain of uniformity will allow us to validate the use of the OTRC wave basin to study large models such as FPSOs (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Units).
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Ordonez, Christopher Edward. "Absolute water velocity profiles from glider-mounted acoustic doppler current profilers." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36080.

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This paper details a method to compute absolute water velocity profiles from glider-based acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements based on the "shear method" developed for lowered ADCPs. The instrument is a 614-kHz Teledyne RDI ADCP integrated into the body of a Teledyne Webb Research Slocum Glider. Shear is calculated from velocity measurements and averaged over depth intervals to create a dive-averaged shear profile. Absolute velocities are computed by vertically integrating shear profiles yielding relative velocity profiles and then referencing them to dive-average velocity measurements calculated from glider dead-reckoning and GPS. Bottom-track referenced velocities also provide absolute velocities when bottom-tracking is available, and can be applied to relative velocities, producing absolute velocity profiles through linear fitting. Data quality control is based on ADCP percent good measurements. Compass heading bias corrections are applied to the raw ADCP measurements before averaging shear profiles. Comparison between simultaneous, full-water column velocities referenced to dive-average currents and those referenced to bottom-track profiles, resulted in RMS error values of 0.05 m s⁻¹ for both north and east components. During open ocean deployments, the glider ADCP recorded velocities concurrent and proximate to vessel ADCP measurements in waters of similar thermal characteristics. The combined comparison analysis resulted in RMS error values ranging 0.08-0.31 m s⁻¹ and 0.06-0.21 m s⁻¹ for north and east components, respectively.
Graduation date: 2013
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Books on the topic "Acoustic velocity meters"

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Laenen, Antonius. Acoustic velocity meter systems. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Darwin, Ockerman, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Computation of mean velocity in open channels using acoustic velocity meters. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Sloat, John V. Application of acoustic velocity meters for gaging discharge of three low-velocity tidal streams in the St. Johns River Basin, northeast Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Laenen, Antonius. Accuracy of acoustic velocity metering systems for measurement of low velocity in open channels. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Laenen, Antonius. Accuracy of acoustic velocity metering systems for measurement of low velocity in open channels. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Laenen, Antonius. Accuracy of acoustic velocity metering systems for measurement of low velocity in open channels. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Simpson, Michael R. Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Holtschlag, David J. Steady-state flow distribution and monthly flow duration in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit Rivers within the Great Lakes Waterway. Lansing, Mich: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Holtschlag, David J. Steady-state flow distribution and monthly flow duration in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit Rivers within the Great Lakes Waterway. Lansing, Mich: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Holtschlag, David J. Steady-state flow distribution and monthly flow duration in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit Rivers within the Great Lakes Waterway. Lansing, Mich: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Acoustic velocity meters"

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Kim, Chang Wan, Min Ho Lee, and Sang Hwa Jung. "An Advanced Discharge Measurement Technique: Real-Time Automatic Discharge Acquisition Remote-Control System Using Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meters." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 1978–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_339.

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Kawanishi, Kiyoshi, Arata Kaneko, Mahdi Razaz, and Toru Abe. "Measurement of Cross-Sectional Average Velocity in a Shallow Tidal River with a Next-Generation Acoustic Velocity Meter." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 1972–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_338.

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Shaner, J. W., R. S. Hixson, M. A. Winkler, and J. M. Brown. "Acoustic Velocity Measurements on Fluid Metals from Two-Fold Compressions to Two-Fold Expansions." In Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics, 395–406. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1891-0_36.

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Newnham, Robert E. "Acoustic waves I." In Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520757.003.0025.

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In this chapter we treat plane waves specified by a wave normal and a particle motion vector . Two types of waves, longitudinal waves and shear waves, are observed in solids. For low symmetry directions, there are generally three different waves with the same wave normal, a longitudinal wave and two shear waves. The particle motions in the three waves are perpendicular to one another. Only longitudinal waves are present in liquids because of their inability to support shear stresses. The transverse waves are strongly absorbed. Acoustic wave velocities (v) are controlled by elastic constants (c) and density (ρ). For a stiff ceramic (c ∼ 5 × 1011 N/m2) and density (ρ ∼ 5 g/cm3 = 5000 kg/m3), the wave velocity is about 104 m/s. For low frequency vibrations near 1 kHz the wavelength λ is about 10 m. The shortest wavelengths are around 1 nm and correspond to infrared vibrations of 1013 Hz. Acoustic wave velocities for polycrystalline alkali metals are plotted in Fig. 23.2. Longitudinal waves travel at about twice the speed of transverse shear waves since c11 > c44. Sound is transmitted faster in light metals like Li which have shorter, stronger bonds and lower density than heavy alkali atoms like Cs. The tensor relation between velocity and elastic constants is derived using Newton’s Laws and the differential volume element shown in Fig. 23.3(a). The volume is equal to (δZ1) (δZ2) (δZ3). Acoustic waves are characterized by regions of compression and rarefaction because of the periodic particle displacements associated with the wave. These displacements are caused by the inhomogeneous stresses emanating from the source of the sound. In tensor form the components of the stress gradient are ∂Xij/∂Zk and will include both tensile stress gradients and shear stress gradients, as pictured in Fig. 23.3(b). The force F acting on the volume element is calculated by multiplying the stress components by the area of the faces on which the force acts.
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Conference papers on the topic "Acoustic velocity meters"

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Watanabe, Yoshitaka, Hiroshi Ochi, Takuya Shimura, and Takehito Hattori. "Acoustic AUV Navigation Referring to the Position of a Surface Station With Acoustic Data Transmission." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20515.

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In this paper, a navigation method of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is proposed. In the method, the continuous acoustic signal is transmitted from a surface station to the AUV. The acoustic signal includes information of the position and the velocity of the surface station measured by the global positioning system (GPS). The AUV receives the acoustic signal with receiver array equipped on the top surface of the body, and obtain the included information and perform the inverted ultra short baseline (IUSBL) computation using the same acoustic signal. Using the depth data by a depth sensor, the AUV is not needed to transmit any acoustic signal to measure the round-trip time of the acoustical propagation. The output of the inertial navigation system (INS) equipped on the AUV, the IUSBL result, and the transmitted information are integrated for the navigation of AUV. A simulation result was shown. The depth of the AUV was 3000 meters. In the simulation the used sensors had the typical error source respectively. The initial positional error of the INS output was about 100 meters. As the result, the error was converged within about 100 seconds and finally the error was around 1 meter. In this method the large random error of the acoustic navigation is rapidly converged because the output rate of the acoustic navigation is very fast.
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Mitchell, Thomas M., Rolf G. Lueck, Michael J. Vogel, Robert E. Raye, and George Z. Forristall. "Turbulence Measurements in a Gulf of Mexico Warm-Core Ring." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29321.

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Oceanographic measurements were made in a Loop Current Eddy in the Gulf of Mexico to characterize the turbulence associated with these eddies. Measurements were made within the eddy, and across the strong frontal boundary delineating the eddy from the surrounding waters. The survey was conducted August 23–30, 2003, from the R/V Pelican. The towed vehicle, the TOMI, was equipped with a special 300 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (Medusa ADCP) that had its four beams directed fore, port, starboard and down. The along-beam velocities resolved structures with wavelengths of 4 to 60 m. The vehicle also carried shear probes for measuring velocity fluctuations in the dissipation range (0.5 to 100 cycles per meter), and other environmental sensors for measuring temperature, salinity, depth and vehicle orientation. Ship equipment included a 75 and 300 kHz hull-mounted ADCP, CTD, and meteorological sensors. Tows were conducted at 25, 50, 100 and 150 m depths around the northern edge of the Loop Eddy in currents of up to 1.7 m s−1. Turbulence was detected with the shear probes, but mostly in the 130–150 m depth range around the local salinity maxima. The level of turbulence is weak and it is distributed intermittently in both space and time. The most energetic events of turbulence have eddy scales of at most 4 meters and velocity scales of only 1 cm s−1. The typical and average values are more than 10 times smaller. The concurrent measurements of velocity with the Medusa ADCP did not reveal any signals significantly larger than the noise level of this instrumentation, namely 2 cm s−1. Overlap averaging of the forward directed beam reduced the noise level to 0.5 cm s−1 but still failed to reveal real environmental signals. This “null-result” is consistent with the simultaneous measurements taken with the shear probe. These low levels of turbulence are also consistent with reports of measurements in the Gulf Stream, the Florida Current, and a Gulf Stream Warm-Core Ring. Funding was provided by the DeepStar oil industry research consortium. Complete details of the program are provided in Reference [6].
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Huang, Erick T., Duane A. Davis, C. H. Kim, and H. C. Chen. "Measurements of Transient Flow Induced by a Berthing Barge in a Towing Tank." In SNAME 25th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-1998-031.

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A test program was conducted to collect essential experimental data required to validate a ship-berthing simulation model based on the Chimera RANS/free­surface technique. This technique has demonstrated a unique capability of describing critical features of the transient flow induced by a berthing ship. Validating experiments were conducted in a shallow water basin. A model barge was drawn transversely through calm water by a towing carriage toward a solid, vertical quay wall in a manner similar to a regular berthing process. The transier.t water flow induced by the moving barge was recorded with acoustic doppler velocity meters mounted on the barge and at six fixed locations within the basin. Flows leading, trailing, passing under the keel and around the ends of the barge were observed. The test parameters considered included approach speed, water depth and angle of approach. The flow pattern at the free surface was observed using floating ping-pong balls, while flow pattern at the bottom of the basin were observed using neutrally buoyant beads. A number of noteworthy findings and observations relating to flow and reversal of flow are included in the remarks section of this paper. The model basin tests produced good comparisons between measured current velocity and water currents predicted by the simulation model. The large volume of water trailing the barge was shown to contribute significantly to the resulting berthing energy, especially in those runs where water depth was small compared to ship draft.
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Trivett, D. A., A. J. Williams, and E. A. Terray. "Modular acoustic velocity sensor: a general-purpose flow meter." In Proceedings of the IEEE Fourth Working Conference on Current Measurement. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/curm.1990.110894.

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Hartloper, C., K. K. Botros, L. Jensen, and A. Tse. "Evaluation of Maximum Velocity Limit Criteria in High Pressure Natural Gas Systems." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33020.

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In the gas transmission industry, standards such as API 14E, IGEM/TD/1 and IGEM/TD/13 limit the maximum velocity through existing pipeline and measurement facilities. However, in these standards it is unclear what the consequences of exceeding the velocity limits are. In this paper, six potential velocity limiting factors were identified: pressure loss, flow generated pulsations, pipe-wall erosion, audible noise, acoustic-noise-induced fatigue and filtration/separation equipment. These six factors were evaluated in the context of velocity increases through a case study meter station on the TransCanada pipeline in Ontario. It is found that, generally, side-branch generated pulsations and audible noise are the most limiting factors to increases in velocity, while the pressure loss across the meter station and filtration/separation equipment compatibility should be considered when increasing gas velocity. Pipe-wall erosion and acoustic-noise-induced fatigue should not be a concern when increasing the gas velocity, particularly for typical natural gas that complies with applicable pipeline specifications. For the case study meter station in its normal operating configuration, increases up to two times the current highest flow rate through the meter station show no major concerns, even though the gas velocity exceeds the limits imposed by the above-mentioned standards at most locations throughout the meter station.
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6

Potter, M. D. G. "Analysis of Asymmetry of Acoustic Velocity in Cubic Sheet Metals." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1916825.

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7

Eckert, S., G. Gerbeth, T. Gundrum, and F. Stefani. "Velocity Measurements in Metallic Melts." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77089.

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Various developments of velocity measuring techniques, their tests in different liquid metals, and applications in hot melts are reported. A Mechano-Optical Probe (MOP) performing local measurements up to temperatures of about 700°C has been developed and successfully tested. The Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry (UDV) can be considered as another attractive technique to get velocity data from opaque flows. To extend the application range to higher temperatures and to abrasive liquids a new integrated ultrasonic sensor with an acoustic wave guide has been designed. First successful measurements in a CuSn melt of about 620°C and in liquid Al of about 750°C were carried out. A fully contactless investigation of the mean velocity field is possible by magnetic tomography. Local measurements of the induced magnetic field and the application of inverse reconstruction techniques allow an analysis of the flow structure. A first demonstration experiment showing the feasibility of this approach for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional mean velocity structure is presented.
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Herrin, D. W., J. Liu, J. Han, S. Cheah, and D. J. Kato. "Using the Inverse Boundary Element Method to Predict Sound Pressure in the Far Field." In ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73015.

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The inverse boundary element method (BEM) is a numerical procedure whereby sound pressure measurements in the near field are used to predict the vibration on the vibrating surface. After the vibration (or particle velocity for an opening) is determined, the sound pressure in the far field can be predicted using a forward BEM analysis. This paper will examine a particular example where the far field sound pressure was predicted for a generator set. The results indicate that the vibration predicted by the inverse BEM can be used to accurately predict the sound pressure as far away as 7 meters from the source.
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Desta, Okbamichael, M. Bykova, and Yu Timoshenko. "THE STUDY OF EFFECT OF HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AL-CU BINARY ALLOYSA." In PHYSICAL BASIS OF MODERN SCIENCE-INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/pfmsit2022_17-26.

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In this paper, computer simulations of influence of high hydrostatic pressure on the mechanical properties such as elastic constants and moduli, intrinsic hardness and acoustic velocities of Al, Cu, CuAl3 and AlCu3 are provided. To simulate the energy of interaction in metals and alloys, the Sutton-Chen inter-atomic potential was used. The simulation was run using the geometry optimization method with the General Utility Lattice Program (GULP) 5.1. With increment of hydrostatic pressure, the values of mechanical characteristics increased sharply. The highest percentage of increase in the in the mechanical properties was shown in the pressure step from 0 to 100 GPa. On the pressure range [0, 100], the highest percentage of increase was shown on elastic constant C44 while the lowest percentage of increase was on the transversal acoustic velocity for aluminuim. As the amount of aluminium in the alloys increases, the longitudinal acoustic velocity reduced, while the elastic constants and moduli, as well as intrinsic hardness, increased.
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Bell, J. A., W. R. Bennett, R. Zanoni, George I. Stegeman, C. M. Falco, and Colin T. Seaton. "Elastic constants of metal superlattices measured by Brillouin scattering." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mgg3.

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The acoustic modes guided by thin-film metal superlattices have been investigated using Brillouin spectroscopy. Samples were grown on single crystal sapphire by alternately sputtering two different metals to yield a total thickness of ~0.3 μm. Thermally excited acoustic waves in the metal create a surface ripple which weakly interacts with light incident from a single-mode argon laser. The scattered light was then frequency analyzed with a tandem Fabry-Perot consisting of two synchronized three-pass cavities. The contrast ratio of this interferometer exceeds 1010 and provides sufficient stray light rejection to detect the surface Rayleigh wave and thirteen higher-order acoustic modes. We have investigated the dependence of bilayer wavelength on the elastic properties of both Cu/Nb and Mo/Ta superlattices over the 8-320-Å range. We note that the behavior of the Rayleigh velocity of our Cu/Nb samples is significantly different from a previous study of this material.1 An estimate of the elastic constants of the anisotropic superlattices was made by fitting the observed acoustic mode velocities to a parametrized acoustic model. We compare these elastic constants with those predicted from the separate bulk constituents.
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Reports on the topic "Acoustic velocity meters"

1

Application of acoustic velocity meters for gaging discharge of three low-velocity tidal streams in the St. Johns River basin, northeast Florida. US Geological Survey, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri954230.

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2

Feasibility of Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meters for the Production of Discharge Records from U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri20014157.

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Comparison, analysis, and estimation of discharge data from two acoustic velocity meters on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal at Romeoville, Illinois. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri934048.

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Acoustic velocity meter systems. US Geological Survey, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/twri03a17.

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