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Journal articles on the topic 'Acrophobic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Jackson, Russell E. "Individual differences in distance perception." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1662 (February 25, 2009): 1665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0004.

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Distance perception is among the most pervasive mental phenomena and the oldest research topics in behavioural science. However, we do not understand well the most pervasive finding of distance perception research, that of large individual differences. There are large individual differences in acrophobia (fear of heights), which we commonly assume consists of an abnormal fear of stimuli perceived normally. Evolved navigation theory (ENT) instead suggests that acrophobia consists of a more normal fear of stimuli perceived abnormally. ENT suggests that distance perception individual differences produce major components of acrophobia. Acrophobia tested over a broad range in the present study predicted large individual differences in distance estimation of surfaces that could produce falls. This fear of heights correlated positively with distance estimates of a vertical surface—even among non-acrophobic individuals at no risk of falling and without knowledge of being tested for acrophobia. Acrophobia score predicted magnitude of the descent illusion, which is thought to reflect the risk of falling. These data hold important implications in environmental navigation, clinical aetiology and the evolution of visual systems.

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Juan, M. Carmen, Rosa Baños, Cristina Botella, David Pérez, Mariano Alcaníiz, and Carlos Monserrat. "An Augmented Reality System for the Treatment of Acrophobia: The Sense of Presence Using Immersive Photography." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.4.393.

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This paper describes an augmented reality (AR) system for the treatment of acrophobia. First, the technical characteristics of the original prototype are described. Second, the capacity of the immersive photography used in the AR system to provoke sense of presence in users is tested. Forty-one participants without fear of heights walked around a staircase in both a real environment and an immersive photography environment. Immediately after their experience, participants were given the SUS questionnaire to assess their subjective sense of presence. The users' scores in the immersive photography were very high. Results indicate that the acrophobic context can be useful for the treatment of acrophobia. However, statistically significant differences were found between real and immersive photography environments. Specifically, the immersive photography environment was not confused with reality since data showed that SUS distinguished between the real and immersive photography experiences.

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Donker, Tara, Chris van Klaveren, Ilja Cornelisz, Robin N. Kok, and Jean-Louis van Gelder. "Analysis of Usage Data from a Self-Guided App-Based Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Acrophobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061614.

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This study examined user engagement with ZeroPhobia, a self-guided app-based virtual reality (VR) Cognitive Behavior Therapy for acrophobia symptoms using cardboard VR viewers. Dutch acrophobic adults (n = 96) completed assessments at baseline and immediately following treatment. Primary outcome measures were the Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ) and the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). Usage data consisted of number of VR sessions practiced, practice time, and fear ratings directly after practicing. Results show that of the 66 participants who played at least one level, the majority continued to finish all levels, spending on average 24.4 min in VR. Self-reported fear consistently decreased between the start and finish of levels. Post-test AQ scores depended quadratically on time spent in VR. Higher pre-test AQ scores were significantly associated with subjective anxiety after the first level and a reduction of post-test AQ scores, but not with number of sessions, suggesting it might be more beneficial to play one level for a longer time period instead of practicing many VR levels. Results also show an optimum exposure level at which increasing practice time does not result in increased benefit. Self-guided VR acrophobia treatment is effective and leads to consistent reductions in self-reported anxiety both between levels and after treatment. Most participants progressed effectively to the highest self-exposure level, despite the absence of a therapist.

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Huppert, Doreen, Max Wuehr, and Thomas Brandt. "Acrophobia and visual height intolerance: advances in epidemiology and mechanisms." Journal of Neurology 267, S1 (May 22, 2020): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09805-4.

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AbstractHistorical descriptions of fear at heights date back to Chinese and Roman antiquity. Current definitions distinguish between three different states of responses to height exposure: a physiological height imbalance that results from an impaired visual control of balance, a more or less distressing visual height intolerance, and acrophobia at the severest end of the spectrum. Epidemiological studies revealed a lifetime prevalence of visual height intolerance including acrophobia in 28% of adults (32% in women; 25% in men) and 34% among prepubertal children aged 8–10 years without gender preponderance. Visual height intolerance first occurring in adulthood usually persists throughout life, whereas an early manifestation in childhood usually shows a benign course with spontaneous relief within years. A high comorbidity was found with psychiatric disorders (e.g. anxiety and depressive syndromes) and other vertigo syndromes (e.g. vestibular migraine, Menière’s disease), but not with bilateral vestibulopathy. Neurophysiological analyses of stance, gait, and eye movements revealed an anxious control of postural stability, which entails a co-contraction of anti-gravity muscles that causes a general stiffening of the whole body including the oculomotor apparatus. Visual exploration is preferably reduced to fixation of the horizon. Gait alterations are characterized by a cautious slow walking mode with reduced stride length and increased double support phases. Anxiety is the critical factor in visual height intolerance and acrophobia leading to a motor behavior that resembles an atavistic primitive reflex of feigning death. The magnitude of anxiety and neurophysiological parameters of musculoskeletal stiffening increase with increasing height. They saturate, however, at about 20 m of absolute height above ground for postural symptoms and about 40 m for anxiety (70 m in acrophobic participants). With respect to management, a differentiation should be made between behavioral recommendations for prevention and therapy of the condition. Recommendations for coping strategies target behavioral advices on visual exploration, control of posture and locomotion as well as the role of cognition. Treatment of severely afflicted persons with distressing avoidance behavior mainly relies on behavioral therapy.

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5

Juan, M. Carmen, and David Pérez. "Comparison of the Levels of Presence and Anxiety in an Acrophobic Environment Viewed via HMD or CAVE." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.18.3.232.

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People who suffer from acrophobia fear any situation that involves heights. Several virtual reality systems have been presented to treat this problem. This paper presents a comparison study of the levels of presence and anxiety in an acrophobic environment that is viewed using a computer automatic virtual environment (CAVE) and a head-mounted display (HMD). In this environment, the floor fell away and the walls rose up. To determine whether either of the two visualization systems induced a greater sense of presence/anxiety in non-phobic users, an experiment comparing the two visualization systems was carried out. Twenty-five participants took part in this study. After using each visualization system (HMD or CAVE), the participants were asked to fill out an adapted Slater et al. questionnaire (Slater, Usoh, & Steed, 1994), and a Student t test was applied to the data obtained. The CAVE induces a high level of presence in users. The mean score was 5.01 (where 7 is the maximum value), which was higher than the score obtained using the HMD which was 3.59. The Student t test indicates that there are significant statistical differences. The level of anxiety was also examined at different times during the experiment. The results indicate that both visualization systems provoke anxiety, but that the CAVE provokes more anxiety than the HMD. The animation in which the floor falls away is the one that provoked the most anxiety. The results from the correlation between the anxiety and the level of presence at the three times indicated a significant correlation between the two measures.

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6

Kritikos, Jacob, Chara Zoitaki, Giannis Tzannetos, Anxhelino Mehmeti, Marilina Douloudi, George Nikolaou, Giorgos Alevizopoulos, and Dimitris Koutsouris. "Comparison between Full Body Motion Recognition Camera Interaction and Hand Controllers Interaction used in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Acrophobia." Sensors 20, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051244.

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Virtual Reality has already been proven as a useful supplementary treatment tool for anxiety disorders. However, no specific technological importance has been given so far on how to apply Virtual Reality with a way that properly stimulates the phobic stimulus and provide the necessary means for lifelike experience. Thanks to technological advancements, there is now a variety of hardware that can help enhance stronger emotions generated by Virtual Reality systems. This study aims to evaluate the feeling of presence during different hardware setups of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, and, particularly how the user’s interaction with those setups can affects their sense of presence during the virtual simulation. An acrophobic virtual scenario is used as a case study by 20 phobic individuals and the Witmer–Singer presence questionnaire was used for presence evaluation by the users of the system. Statistical analysis on their answers revealed that the proposed full body Motion Recognition Cameras system generates a better feeling of presence compared to the Hand Controllers system. This is thanks to the Motion Recognition Cameras, which track and allow display of the user’s entire body within the virtual environment. Thus, the users are enabled to interact and confront the anxiety-provoking stimulus as in real world. Further studies are recommended, in which the proposed system could be used in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy trials with acrophobic patients and other anxiety disorders as well, since the proposed system can provide natural interaction in various simulated environments.

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7

Bălan, Oana, Gabriela Moise, Alin Moldoveanu, Marius Leordeanu, and Florica Moldoveanu. "An Investigation of Various Machine and Deep Learning Techniques Applied in Automatic Fear Level Detection and Acrophobia Virtual Therapy." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020496.

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In this paper, we investigate various machine learning classifiers used in our Virtual Reality (VR) system for treating acrophobia. The system automatically estimates fear level based on multimodal sensory data and a self-reported emotion assessment. There are two modalities of expressing fear ratings: the 2-choice scale, where 0 represents relaxation and 1 stands for fear; and the 4-choice scale, with the following correspondence: 0—relaxation, 1—low fear, 2—medium fear and 3—high fear. A set of features was extracted from the sensory signals using various metrics that quantify brain (electroencephalogram—EEG) and physiological linear and non-linear dynamics (Heart Rate—HR and Galvanic Skin Response—GSR). The novelty consists in the automatic adaptation of exposure scenario according to the subject’s affective state. We acquired data from acrophobic subjects who had undergone an in vivo pre-therapy exposure session, followed by a Virtual Reality therapy and an in vivo evaluation procedure. Various machine and deep learning classifiers were implemented and tested, with and without feature selection, in both a user-dependent and user-independent fashion. The results showed a very high cross-validation accuracy on the training set and good test accuracies, ranging from 42.5% to 89.5%. The most important features of fear level classification were GSR, HR and the values of the EEG in the beta frequency range. For determining the next exposure scenario, a dominant role was played by the target fear level, a parameter computed by taking into account the patient’s estimated fear level.

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8

Williams, S. Lloyd, and Nina Watson. "Perceived danger and perceived self-efficacy as cognitive determinants of acrophobic behavior." Behavior Therapy 16, no. 2 (March 1985): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(85)80041-1.

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9

Juan, M. Carmen, and David Pérez. "Using augmented and virtual reality for the development of acrophobic scenarios. Comparison of the levels of presence and anxiety." Computers & Graphics 34, no. 6 (December 2010): 756–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2010.08.001.

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10

MABUCHI, Daiu, Natsuko NAGASAWA, Hitoshi WATANABE, Kaoru NITTA, and Nobuhisa MOTOOKA. "VERIFICATION OF THE ESTIMATION ACCURACY OF ACROPHOBIC PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS MEASURED BY AN IMMERSIVE VR SYSTEM BASED ON MOTION CAPTURE AND HEAD MOUNTED DISPLAY." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 19, no. 43 (2013): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.19.1073.

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11

Putra, Ghali Adyo, Rinta Kridalukmana, and Kurniawan Teguh Martono. "Pembuatan Simulasi 3D Virtual Reality Berbasis Android Sebagai Alat Bantu Terapi Acrophobia." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.5.1.2017.29-36.

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Virtual Reality is three-dimensional technology and developing rapidly at the moment. Therefore, Virtual Reality technology implementation will be useful for people. One of this implementation is in clinical fields, which is for handling phobia. One of the therapies provided by a therapist to patients is by using flooding technique that faces the patient on the situation that confronts the making of fear until no longer feel anxious. In some cases, the flooding technique for acrophobia almost impossible because of the level of dangerous and the expensive cost.By using game engine Unity and Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method which has six stages, concept, design, material collection, assembly, testing, and distribution, application development Android-based Virtual Reality will resolve the issue.Based on the results of Black-box method, functions from the application of virtual reality simulation as a tool for the treatment of acrophobia has already worked well. Further research is needed to find out the impact of application in the medical sector.Acrophobia merupakan jenis fobia yang membuat individu merasakan kegelisahan, ketegangan, dan rasa tidak nyaman ketika berada pada ketinggian. Hal itu yang membuat penderita acrophobia tidak bebas melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Untuk mengatasinya, dibutuhkan terapi ke psikiater untuk menyembuhkan acrophobia tersebut. Dalam teknik terapi, ada yang dinamakan flooding, yaitu menempatkan penderita ke situasi yang membuat ketakutan sampai penderita tidak merasa cemas. Teknik flooding sangat berbahaya jika diterapkan pada penderita acrophobia. Teknologi Virtual Reality sudah digunakan untuk menangani penderita acrophobia, tetapi teknologi yang ada masih mahal. Maka dari itu diperlukannya teknologi yang murah supaya penderita acrophobia dapat melakukan terapi dengan aman. Dengan menggunakan Multimedia Development Life Cycle sebagai metode pengembangannya, Unity, dan aplikasi berbasis Android dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Pembuatan simulasi 3D Virtual Reality sebagai alat bantu terapi acrophobia berbasis Android telah berhasil dibuat. Namun, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk melihat dampak lebih lanjut pada bidang klinis.

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12

Hani Alkurdi, Ahmed. "VR Mobile Acrophobia Treatment." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 6, no. 3 (2017): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v6n3a95.

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13

RAMÍREZ, AARÓN, SANDRA JOHANNA BENÍTEZ, and MARÍA ANGÉLICA GÓMEZ. "LA ACROFOBIA Y SU TRATAMIENTO A TRAVÉS DE REALIDAD VIRTUAL." Revista, Ingeniería, Matemáticas y Ciencias de la Información 4, no. 7 (January 10, 2017): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/rimci.2017.v4.n7.a24.

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Bahanan, Fatimah, and Erikavitri Yulianti. "Exposure Based Therapy pada Fobia Ketinggian." Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya 8, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jps.v8i1.15865.

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Fobia ketinggian/acrophobia tergolong sebagai fobia spesifik yang didefinisikan sebagai ketakutan terhadap ketinggian yang ekstrem. Acrophobia sering dihubungkan dengan penghindaran bermacam-macam situasi yang berhubungan dengan ketinggian misalnya, perjalanan dengan menggunakan pesawat terbang, menaiki tangga, menaiki lift, jembatan dan menghindari bekerja di gedung yang berlantai tinggi. Exposure based therapy merupakan salah satu terapi pilihan yang terbukti efektif selama beberapa dekade untuk menurunkan kecemasan, distress dan hendaya fungsional atau okupasional yang diakibatkan oleh penghindaran obyek atau situasi fobia.

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Hazidar, Al Hamidy, Riza Sulaiman, Shalisah Sharip, Meutia Wardhanie Ganie, Azlin Baharudin, Hamzaini Abdul Hamid, and Norshita Mat Nayan. "Creative Intervention for Acrophobia Sufferers through AIVE Concept." Information 12, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12070261.

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This research applies exposure to the visual appearance technology of virtual reality (VR). The motivation for this research is to generate a creative intervention by using regular smartphone devices and implementing them in VR using Google Cardboard as a medium visual display for exposure therapy at high altitudes. The VR application in this research is called acrophobia immersive virtual exposure (AIVE), which utilizes the Unity3D software to develop this treatment therapy application. The utilization of exposure therapy was carried out as a therapeutic medium for acrophobia sufferers. A commissioner was given to measure the usefulness of applications and devices in the VR environment created, and as many as 20 users had tested the VR device. The existing questionnaire was revised to develop a questionnaire for acrophobia sufferers, which was then used as an index measurement in the VR environment. The research is expected to be used to design a simulator and as a therapeutic medium using immersive VR devices in future studies.

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Menzies, Ross G., and J. Christopher Clarke. "Danger expectancies and insight in acrophobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 33, no. 2 (February 1995): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)p4443-x.

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Andrews, Gavin J. "Spaces of dizziness and dread: navigating acrophobia." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 89, no. 4 (December 2007): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2007.00263.x.

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Schiele, Miriam A., Christiane Ziegler, Leonie Kollert, Andrea Katzorke, Christoph Schartner, Yasmin Busch, Daniel Gromer, et al. "Plasticity of Functional MAOA Gene Methylation in Acrophobia." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 21, no. 9 (May 31, 2018): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyy050.

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19

Coelho, Carlos M., Jorge A. Santos, Carlos Silva, Guy Wallis, Jennifer Tichon, and Trevor J. Hine. "The Role of Self-Motion in Acrophobia Treatment." CyberPsychology & Behavior 11, no. 6 (December 2008): 723–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0023.

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Ruiz-García, Antonio, and Luis Valero-Aguayo. "Progressive Multimedia Exposure for Specific Phobias: A Clinical Case of Claustrophobia and Acrophobia." Clinical Case Studies 20, no. 5 (April 5, 2021): 402–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15346501211007208.

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We present a multimedia exposure intervention for specific phobias using images and videos in a specific case of claustrophobia and acrophobia. The patient was a 47-year-old woman named “Jane” (anonymized name) who was diagnosed with fear of heights (acrophobia) and fear of confined spaces and enclosed areas (claustrophobia). The procedure was a single-case A-B design with several concurrent baselines, pre-post measurements, and two follow-ups (6 and 12 months). For the assessment, there were several questionnaires on anxiety and phobias and the continuous evaluation of anxiety and heart rate during treatment assays for each session. The treatment consisted of eight sessions of progressive multimedia exposure: images, videos, and in vivo settings. The results showed a decrease in the score for pre-post questionnaires ( Z = −4.196, p < .0010) and also a total decrease in anxiety in the different baselines (PND 100%). The benefits were maintained during 1 year of follow-up. After the treatment, “Jane” could be confronted with situations she previously feared, such as being on floors of different levels (up to ninth floor), in closed places, in crowded elevators, and traveling on buses and trains for long distances.

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Coelho, Carlos M., Janete Silva, Alfredo F. Pereira, Emanuel Sousa, Nattasuda Taephant, Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn, and Jorge A. Santos. "VISUAL-VESTIBULAR AND POSTURAL ANALYSIS OF MOTION SICKNESS, PANIC, AND ACROPHOBIA." Acta Neuropsychologica 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2017): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1237325.

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Background: Visual-vestibular and postural interactions can act as cues that trigger motion sickness and can also have a role in some anxiety disorders. We explore a method to detect individual sensitivity to visual-vestibular unusual patterns, which can signal a vulnerability to develop motion sickness and possibly anxiety disorders such as a fear of heights and panic. Material/Methods: 65 undergraduate students were recruited for the purposes of this study as voluntary participants (44 females); average age 21.65 years (SD=2.84) with normal or corrected to normal vision, without vestibular or postural deficiencies. Panic was assessed with the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire, Motion Sickness with the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire and Acrophobia was assessed by means of the Acrophobia Questionnaire. The Sharpened Romberg Test was used to test participant’s postural balance. The Rod and Frame Test (RFT) measures the participant’s ability to align a rod to the vertical within a titled frame providing a measure of error in the perception of verticality by degrees. This test was changed to measure the error offered when a participant’s head was tilted, and to trace the error caused by manipulating the vestibular system input. Results: The main findings show only motion sickness to be correlated with significant errors while performing a visual-vestibular challenging situation, and fear of heights is the only anxiety disorder connected with postural stability, although all disorders (fear of heights, panic and motion sickness) are correlated between each other in the self-report questionnaires. Conclusions: All disorders are correlated to each other in the surveys, and might have some common visual-vestibular origin, in theory. The rod and frame test was exclusively correlated with motion sickness whereas the postural stability test only displayed sensibility to acrophobia. Panic disorder was correlated to neither the RFT nor the Romberg. Although this method was initially employed to increase sensibility in order to detect anxiety disorders, it ended up showing its value in the detection of motion sickness.

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Pernadi, Dody. "RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI SIMULASI TERAPI ACROPHOBIA BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi dan Rekayasa 25, no. 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/tr.2020.v25i1.2569.

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Setiap orang memiliki ketakutan atau respon yang tidak menyenangkan terhadap objek-objek, situasi atau mahluk hidup. Beberapa respon ketidaknyamanan atau ketidaksukaan bersifat umum dan merupakan hal yang tidak terlalu perlu di perhatikan. Akan tetapi jika respon seseorang terhadap sesuatu di antara hal yang dialami tersebut terlalu jauh di luar proporsi bahaya atau sikap yang mengancam oleh stimulus, orang tersebut dikatakan memiliki fobia. Pada penelitian ini terdiri atas enam tahapan proses yaitu Identifikasi, Konsep Skenario, Desain, Pembuatan, Pengujian, dan Implementasi. Aplikasi ini terdiri dari 3 level, dimana penderita akan memasuki tahap awal yaitu pada level 1 sebelum naik ke level berikutnya. Pada level 1, penderita akan menyebrang dengan tingkat ketinggian gedung yang masih pendek dan panjang jembatan penghubungnya pun tidak terlalu panjang. Pada level 2, penderita akan berada di atas gedung bertingkat hanya saja pada level ini penderita akan menyebrang dengan tingkat ketinggian yang lebih tinggi dari level 1 dan panjang jembatan penghubungnya pun lebih panjang dan sedikit terlihat transparan agar terlihat berlubang. Sama seperti level-level sebelumnya, pada level 3 penderita berada di atas gedung bertingkat tapi pada level ini penderita akan melalui tahap yang sulit karena akan menyebrang gedung dengan tingkat ketinggian yang sangat tinggi dan jembatan penghubungnya pun lebih panjang dan jembatan dibuat transparan lebih ekstrim dari level 2. Uji coba aplikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Black Box Testing dan diujikan terhadap 3 penderita acrophobia. Dibuatnya simulasi ini menunjukan bahwa perancangan simulasi dapat membantu penderita dalam proses terapi acrophobia dengan baik dan komponen-komponen yang ada pada aplikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik pada smartphone yang digunakan.

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Williams, S. Lloyd, Samuel M. Turner, and David F. Peer. "Guided mastery and performance desensitization treatments for severe acrophobia." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 53, no. 2 (1985): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.53.2.237.

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Steinman, Shari A., and Bethany A. Teachman. "Cognitive processing and acrophobia: Validating the Heights Interpretation Questionnaire." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 25, no. 7 (October 2011): 896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.05.001.

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Marshall, W. L., Dianna Bristol, and H. E. Barbaree. "Cognitions and courage in the avoidance behavior of acrophobics." Behaviour Research and Therapy 30, no. 5 (September 1992): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(92)90030-k.

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26

Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Werner Fitz, Doreen Huppert, Eva Grill, and Thomas Brandt. "Visual height intolerance and acrophobia: distressing partners for life." Journal of Neurology 263, no. 10 (July 6, 2016): 1946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8218-9.

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27

Smith, E. Naomi. "A brief novel intervention for acrophobia (fear of heights)." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.351.

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ObjectiveTo investigate a unique brief intervention, which offers a combination of neuro-linguistic programming and practical graded exposure therapy, to overcome a fear of heights.BackgroundA fear of heights or acrophobia is common and often deters people from perusing activities like climbing. It can also interfere with routine activities of daily living.Case reportThis two-day intervention is set in the Peak District (Derbyshire, UK) and works with a maximum of eight individuals to four instructors. The first half-day involves working with a psychotherapist using neurolinguistic programing techniques. The next 1.5 days involves graded exposure using abseiling over gradually increasing heights, to a final height of approximately 40 feet.DiscussionAll eight individuals on the two-day course felt their fear of highs had significantly decreased. All eight individuals would recommend this intervention to others suffering from a fear of heights.ConclusionIt is noteworthy that the group undergoing this intervention were self-selected and highly motivated to overcome their fear of heights. The sample size was small and outcome measures were subjective. However, this is a novel and effective approach to helping people overcome their fear of heights. Further research with larger sample sizes would be beneficial in further assessing the impact of this intervention.Declaration: Permission was granted by the organizers of this intervention to submit an abstract to conference. There are no conflicts of interests. This intervention is run by a private company ‘Will4Adventure’, I have no finical or other interests in this company. I privately funded my own place on this course.

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Whitney, Susan L., Rolf G. Jacob, Patrick J. Sparto, Ellen F. Olshansky, Gail Detweiler-Shostak, Emily L. Brown, and Joseph M. Furman. "Acrophobia and Pathological Height Vertigo: Indications for Vestibular Physical Therapy?" Physical Therapy 85, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.5.443.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. Acrophobia (fear of heights) may be related to a high degree of height vertigo caused by visual dependence in the maintenance of standing balance. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of vestibular physical therapy intervention following behavioral therapy to reduce a patient's visual dependence and height vertigo. Case Description. Mr N was a 37-year-old man with agoraphobia (fear of open spaces) that included symptoms of height phobia. Exposure to heights triggered symptoms of dizziness. Intervention. Mr N underwent 8 sessions of behavioral therapy that involved exposure to heights using a head-mounted virtual reality device. Subsequently, he underwent 8 weeks of physical therapy for an individualized vestibular physical therapy exercise program. Outcomes. After behavioral therapy, the patient demonstrated improvements on the behavioral avoidance test and the Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, but dizziness and body sway responses to moving visual scenes did not decrease. After physical therapy, his dizziness and sway responses decreased and his balance confidence increased. Discussion. Symptoms of acrophobia and sway responses to full-field visual motion appeared to respond to vestibular physical therapy administered after completion of a course of behavioral therapy. Vestibular physical therapy may have a role in the management of height phobia related to excessive height vertigo.

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Gilani, Mehwish, Asif Ali Memon, Naveed Asif, and Nida Basharat. "Acrophobia In A Young Girl With Parathyroid Hormone Resistance (pseudohypoparathyroidism)." Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 28, no. 09 (September 1, 2018): S166—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2018.09.s166.

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Kapfhammer, H. P., D. Huppert, E. Grill, W. Fitz, and T. Brandt. "Visual Height Intolerance and Acrophobia – Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidity Patterns." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30424-7.

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Brandt, Thomas, Günter Kugler, Roman Schniepp, Max Wuehr, and Doreen Huppert. "Acrophobia impairs visual exploration and balance during standing and walking." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1343, no. 1 (February 26, 2015): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12692.

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Arroll, Bruce, Henry B. Wallace, Vicki Mount, Stephen P. Humm, and Douglas W. Kingsford. "A systematic review and meta‐analysis of treatments for acrophobia." Medical Journal of Australia 206, no. 6 (April 2017): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00540.

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Coelho, Carlos M., Allison M. Waters, Trevor J. Hine, and Guy Wallis. "The use of virtual reality in acrophobia research and treatment." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23, no. 5 (June 2009): 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.014.

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Levy, Fanny, Pierre Leboucher, Gilles Rautureau, and Roland Jouvent. "E-virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia: A pilot study." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 22, no. 4 (August 6, 2015): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x15598243.

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Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Doreen Huppert, Eva Grill, Werner Fitz, and Thomas Brandt. "Visual height intolerance and acrophobia: clinical characteristics and comorbidity patterns." European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 265, no. 5 (September 28, 2014): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-014-0548-y.

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Elms, Alan C. "From “Nightfall” to Dawn: Asimov as Acrophobe." Extrapolation 28, no. 2 (July 1987): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/extr.1987.28.2.130.

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Suyanto, Erick Marchelino, Denny Angkasa, Harfondy Turaga, and Rhio Sutoyo. "Overcome Acrophobia with the Help of Virtual Reality and Kinect Technology." Procedia Computer Science 116 (2017): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.10.062.

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Coelho, Carlos M., Jorge A. Santos, Jorge Silvério, and Carlos F. Silva. "Virtual Reality and Acrophobia: One-Year Follow-Up and Case Study." CyberPsychology & Behavior 9, no. 3 (June 2006): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.336.

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Emmelkamp, Paul M. G., Mary Bruynzeel, Leonie Drost, and Charles A. P. G. van der Mast. "Virtual Reality Treatment in Acrophobia: A Comparison with Exposure in Vivo." CyberPsychology & Behavior 4, no. 3 (June 2001): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210222.

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Baker, Aaron, Jayson Mystkowski, Najwa Culver, Rena Yi, Arezou Mortazavi, and Michelle G. Craske. "Does habituation matter? Emotional processing theory and exposure therapy for acrophobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 48, no. 11 (November 2010): 1139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.009.

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Emmelkamp, P. M. G., M. Krijn, A. M. Hulsbosch, S. de Vries, M. J. Schuemie, and C. A. P. G. van der Mast. "Virtual reality treatment versus exposure in vivo: a comparative evaluation in acrophobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 40, no. 5 (May 2002): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00023-7.

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Krijn, Merel, Paul M. G. Emmelkamp, Roeline Biemond, Claudius de Wilde de Ligny, Martijn J. Schuemie, and Charles A. P. G. van der Mast. "Treatment of acrophobia in virtual reality: The role of immersion and presence." Behaviour Research and Therapy 42, no. 2 (February 2004): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00139-6.

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Rothbaum, Barbara Olasov, Larry F. Hodges, Rob Kooper, Dan Opdyke, James S. Williford, and Max North. "Virtual reality graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia: A case report." Behavior Therapy 26, no. 3 (1995): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80100-5.

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Herrmann, Martin J., Andrea Katzorke, Yasmin Busch, Daniel Gromer, Thomas Polak, Paul Pauli, and Jürgen Deckert. "Medial prefrontal cortex stimulation accelerates therapy response of exposure therapy in acrophobia." Brain Stimulation 10, no. 2 (March 2017): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2016.11.007.

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Coelho, Carlos M., and Guy Wallis. "Deconstructing acrophobia: physiological and psychological precursors to developing a fear of heights." Depression and Anxiety 27, no. 9 (August 30, 2010): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20698.

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MIYANO, Hideichi. "Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy using 360° Panoramic Movies: A Case Study of Acrophobia." Japanese Journal for Medical Virtual Reality 13, no. 1 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7876/jmvr.13.1.

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Choi, Young H., Dong P. Jang, Jeong H. Ku, Min B. Shin, and Sun I. Kim. "Short-Term Treatment of Acrophobia with Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT): A Case Report." CyberPsychology & Behavior 4, no. 3 (June 2001): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210240.

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menzies, Ross G., and J. Christopher Clarke. "The etiology of acrophobia and its relationship to severity and individual response patterns." Behaviour Research and Therapy 33, no. 7 (September 1995): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00023-q.

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Schiele, M., C. Ziegler, L. Kollert, A. Katzorke, D. Gromer, P. Pauli, J. Deckert, M. Herrmann, and K. Domschke. "Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) methylation in acrophobia: an epigenetic correlate of therapy response?" European Neuropsychopharmacology 29 (2019): S203—S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.337.

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Emmelkamp, Paul M. G., and Marja Felten. "The process of exposure in vivo : cognitive and physiological changes during treatment of acrophobia." Behaviour Research and Therapy 23, no. 2 (1985): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(85)90034-8.

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