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Journal articles on the topic 'ACRV'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Burr, Sarah E., Katja Stuber, and Joachim Frey. "The ADP-Ribosylating Toxin, AexT, from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida Is Translocated via a Type III Secretion Pathway." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 22 (2003): 6583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.22.6583-6591.2003.

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ABSTRACT AexT is an extracellular ADP ribosyltransferase produced by the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. The protein is secreted by the bacterium via a recently identified type III secretion system. In this study, we have identified a further 12 open reading frames that possess high homology to genes encoding both structural and regulatory components of the Yersinia type III secretion apparatus. Using marker replacement mutagenesis of aopB, the A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida homologue of yopB in Yersinia, we demonstrate that the bacterium translocates the AexT toxin

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Elkins, Christopher A., and Hiroshi Nikaido. "Chimeric Analysis of AcrA Function Reveals the Importance of Its C-Terminal Domain in Its Interaction with the AcrB Multidrug Efflux Pump." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 18 (2003): 5349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.18.5349-5356.2003.

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ABSTRACT AcrAB-TolC is the major, constitutively expressed efflux protein complex that provides resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents in Escherichia coli. Previous studies showed that AcrA, a periplasmic protein of the membrane fusion protein family, could function with at least two other resistance-nodulation-division family pumps, AcrD and AcrF, in addition to its cognate partner, AcrB. We found that, among other E. coli resistance-nodulation-division pumps, YhiV, but not MdtB or MdtC, could also function with AcrA. When AcrB was assessed for the capacity to function with AcrA homo

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E., O. Eresanya, Oluleye A., and T. Daramola M. "The Influence of Rainfall and Temperature on Total Column Ozone over West Africa." Influence of Rainfall and Temperature on Total Column Ozone over West Africa 10, no. 2 (2017): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2017/34312.

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This study aims at analyzing the influence of rainfall and temperature on Total Column Ozone (TCO) over West Africa. It provides adequate information on the spatial variability of total column ozone concentration, temperature distribution across latitudinal zones, monthly distribution and inter-annual variability of total ozone column and inter-relationship between monthly ozone and distribution of precipitation rate over West Africa. The result of this work shows that, there are significant interconnectivities between total ozone column variability with precipitation and temperature. The corr

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Hu, Wensi S., Jing-Fang Lin, Ying-Hsiu Lin, and Hsin-Yu Chang. "Outer Membrane Protein STM3031 (Ail/OmpX-Like Protein) Plays a Key Role in the Ceftriaxone Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 8 (2009): 3248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00079-09.

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ABSTRACT Previously, the putative outer membrane protein STM3031 has been correlated with ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In this study, this protein was almost undetectable in the ceftriaxone-susceptible strain 01-4, but its levels were increased in 01-4 isogenic strains for which MICs were higher. The stm3031 gene deletion mutant, R200(Δstm3031), was generated and showed >64-fold lower ceftriaxone resistance than R200, supporting a key role for STM3031 in ceftriaxone resistance. To investigate which outer membrane protein(s) was associated with resistanc

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Elkins, Christopher A., and Hiroshi Nikaido. "Substrate Specificity of the RND-Type Multidrug Efflux Pumps AcrB and AcrD of Escherichia coli Is Determined Predominately by Two Large Periplasmic Loops." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 23 (2002): 6490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.23.6490-6499.2002.

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ABSTRACT AcrAB-TolC is a constitutively expressed, tripartite efflux transporter complex that functions as the primary resistance mechanism to lipophilic drugs, dyes, detergents, and bile acids in Escherichia coli. TolC is an outer membrane channel, and AcrA is an elongated lipoprotein that is hypothesized to span the periplasm and coordinate efflux of such substrates by AcrB and TolC. AcrD is an efflux transporter of E. coli that provides resistance to aminoglycosides as well as to a limited range of amphiphilic agents, such as bile acids, novobiocin, and fusidic acid. AcrB and AcrD belong to

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Kobayashi, Kei, Norihiko Tsukagoshi, and Rikizo Aono. "Suppression of Hypersensitivity ofEscherichia coli acrB Mutant to Organic Solvents by Integrational Activation of the acrEF Operon with the IS1 or IS2 Element." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 8 (2001): 2646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.8.2646-2653.2001.

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ABSTRACT The AcrAB-TolC efflux pump plays an intrinsic role in resistance to hydrophobic solvents in Escherichia coli. E. coli OST5500 is hypersensitive to solvents due to inactivation of theacrB gene by insertion of IS30. Suppressor mutants showing high solvent resistance were isolated from OST5500. These mutants produced high levels of AcrE and AcrF proteins, which were not produced in OST5500, and in each mutant an insertion sequence (IS1 or IS2) was found integrated upstream of the acrEF operon, coding for the two proteins. The suppressor mutants lost solvent resistance on inactivation of

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Eaves, Deborah J., Vito Ricci, and Laura J. V. Piddock. "Expression of acrB, acrF, acrD, marA, and soxS in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Role in Multiple Antibiotic Resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 4 (2004): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.4.1145-1150.2004.

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ABSTRACT Comparative reverse transcription-PCR in combination with denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis was used to determine the levels of expression of soxS, marA, acrF, acrB, and acrD in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates and mutants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 with defined deletions. Posttherapy MAR clinical isolates had increased levels of expression of all genes except soxS. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 ΔacrB expressed 7.9-fold more acrF than the parent strain. A strain with an acrF deletion expr

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Tavío, María M., Virginia D. Aquili, Jordi Vila, and José B. Poveda. "Resistance to ceftazidime in Escherichia coli associated with AcrR, MarR and PBP3 mutations and overexpression of sdiA." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 1 (2014): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.063727-0.

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The mechanisms responsible for the increase in ceftazidime MIC in two Escherichia coli in vitro selected mutants, Caz/20-1 and Caz/20-2, were studied. OmpF loss and overexpression of acrB, acrD and acrF that were associated with acrR and marR mutations and sdiA overexpression, together with mutations A233T and I332V in FtSI (PBP3) resulted in ceftazidime resistance in Caz/20-2, multiplying by 128-fold the ceftazidime MIC in the parental clinical isolate PS/20. Absence of detectable β-lactamase hydrolytic activity in the crude extract of Caz/20-2 was observed, and coincided with Q191K and P209S

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Smith, R. E., E. L. Everton, K. J. Weilmuenster, M. R. Weise, and N. Farr. "Surface definition and grid generation about an Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV) for space station freedom." Computing Systems in Engineering 1, no. 2-4 (1990): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-0521(90)90017-f.

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10

Hayashi, Katsuhiko, Ryosuke Nakashima, Keisuke Sakurai, et al. "AcrB-AcrA Fusion Proteins That Act as Multidrug Efflux Transporters." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 2 (2015): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00587-15.

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ABSTRACTThe AcrAB-TolC system inEscherichia coliis an intrinsic RND-type multidrug efflux transporter that functions as a tripartite complex of the inner membrane transporter AcrB, the outer membrane channel TolC, and the adaptor protein AcrA. Although the crystal structures of each component of this system have been elucidated, the crystal structure of the whole complex has not been solved. The available crystal structures have shown that AcrB and TolC function as trimers, but the number of AcrA molecules in the complex is now under debate. Disulfide chemical cross-linking experiments have in

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Pradel, Elizabeth, and Jean-Marie Pagès. "The AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump Contributes to Multidrug Resistance in the Nosocomial Pathogen Enterobacter aerogenes." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 8 (2002): 2640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.8.2640-2643.2002.

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ABSTRACT We identified the genes encoding the AcrA-AcrB-TolC efflux pump in Enterobacter aerogenes and constructed acrAB and tolC mutants from a multidrug-resistant isolate. Both derivatives were more susceptible to antibiotics than the parental strain. Sequence analysis and complementation experiments revealed that the multidrug-resistant isolate is an acrR mutant.

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Thamvithayakorn, Pisit, Cherdchai Phosri, Vineet Vishal, and Nuttika Suwannasai. "Characterization and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Phytobacter palmae WL65, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium First Isolated from Rice Rhizosphere Soil in Thailand." Agriculture 15, no. 7 (2025): 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15070707.

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Phytobacter palmae WL65, isolated from the rice rhizosphere, was confirmed as P. palmae through whole-genome analysis. WL65 exhibited key plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics, including nitrogen fixation (nifA, nifB, nifD, nifE, nifF, nifH, nifJ, nifK, nifL, nifS, nifU, nifW, and nifX), phosphate solubilization (pstA, pstB, pstC, pstS, phnC, phnD, phnE, and phnV), siderophore production (fhuA, fhuB, fhuC, fhuD, fhuF, feoA, feoB, feoC, acrA, acrB, acrE, acrR, and acrZ), and phytohormone biosynthesis (trpA, trpB, trpC, trpE, trpGD, trpR, and trpS). WL65 also contains an enterobactin bios

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Pan, Binbin, Feng Zhang, Jian Sun, et al. "Correlation of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (January 6, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8132569.

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Objective. To explore the correlation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods. A total of 154 CKD patients and 42 non-CKD patients were recruited. Patients were grouped into ACR1~ACR3 (<30 mg/g, 30-300 mg/g, and >300 mg/g). Biomarkers in different groups were compared by ANOVA. Correlation was calculated by Pearson or Spearman analysis and binary logistic regression. The ROC curve was also performed. Results. The levels of albumin, serum creatinine (sCr), and IDO in non-CKD patients were significantly different from those in CKD3-CKD5 stages ( p &lt

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Varghese, Divya Saro, Uma Chandran, Ambili Soumya, et al. "Aberrant expression of TAR DNA binding protein-43 is associated with spermatogenic disorders in men." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 6 (2016): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14090.

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Loss of function of TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders in both humans and animal models. TDP-43 has also been shown to be cis-acting transcriptional repressor of the acrosome vesicle (Acrv) gene in mice. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the TDP-43 transcript (TARDBP) and protein in germ cells from 11 fertile and 98 subfertile men to verify its potential association with poor seminograms. The expression profile of TDP-43 was characterised in immature germ cells and spermatozoa from semen from fertile and subfertile men usin

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Bailey, Andrew M., Ian T. Paulsen, and Laura J. V. Piddock. "RamA Confers Multidrug Resistance in Salmonella enterica via Increased Expression of acrB, Which Is Inhibited by Chlorpromazine." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 10 (2008): 3604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00661-08.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344, in which efflux pump genes (acrB, acrD, acrF, tolC) or regulatory genes thereof (marA, soxS, ramA) were inactivated, was grown in the presence of 240 antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial agents in the Biolog Phenotype MicroArray. Mutants lacking tolC, acrB, and ramA grew significantly worse than other mutants in the presence of 48 agents (some of which have not previously been identified as substrates of AcrAB-TolC) and particularly poorly in the presence of phenothiazines, which are human antipsychotics. MIC testing revealed that the phen

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Reinhardt, Walter, Nils Mülling, Stefan Behrendt, et al. "Association between albuminuria and thyroid function in patients with chronic kidney disease." Endocrine 73, no. 2 (2021): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02640-1.

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Abstract Purpose The relationship between proteinuria and thyroid function remains controversial in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We prospectively investigated the association between kidney and thyroid function in thyroid antibody-negative patients through all CKD stages. Methods We enrolled 184 nondialysis patients (mean age: 63.1 ± 16.9 years) without previous thyroid disease or thyroid-specific antibodies. Kidney function was assessed by estimating the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) classified according KDIGO (CKD G1–5). Kidney damage was assessed by albuminuria (albumin-t

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Olliver, Anne, Michel Vallé, Elisabeth Chaslus-Dancla, and Axel Cloeckaert. "Overexpression of the Multidrug Efflux Operon acrEF by Insertional Activation with IS1 or IS10 Elements in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT204 acrB Mutants Selected with Fluoroquinolones." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 1 (2005): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.1.289-301.2005.

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ABSTRACT High-level fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type DT204 has been previously shown to be essentially due to both multiple target gene mutations and active efflux by the AcrAB-TolC efflux system. In this study we show that in intermediatly resistant acrB-inactivated serovar Typhimurium DT204 mutants, high-level resistance to FQs can be restored on in vitro selection with FQs. In each FQ- resistant mutant selected from serovar Typhimurium DT204 acrB mutant strains, an insertion sequence (IS1 or IS10) was found integrated upstream of the acrE

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El-Demerdash, Azza S., Shimaa A. Kamel, Eman Y. T. Elariny, et al. "Natural Inhibitors of Salmonella MDR Efflux Pumps AcrAB and AcrD: An Integrated In Silico, Molecular, and In Vitro Investigation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 23 (2024): 12949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312949.

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Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella remains a significant global health threat. This study aimed to explore the potential of essential oil components as novel inhibitors of the Salmonella MDR efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrD. Salmonella isolates were characterized for serotype, antibiotic resistance, and efflux pump activity. Essential oil components were screened for inhibitory effects using phenotypic and genotypic methods. In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate binding interactions and stability. Salmonella Typhimurium was the predominant serotype wit

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Schneiders, T., S. G. B. Amyes, and S. B. Levy. "Role of AcrR and RamA in Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Singapore." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 9 (2003): 2831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.9.2831-2837.2003.

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ABSTRACT The MICs of ciprofloxacin for 33 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins from three hospitals in Singapore ranged from 0.25 to >128 μg/ml. Nineteen of the isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant according to the NCCLS guidelines. Strains for which the ciprofloxacin MIC was ≥0.5 μg/ml harbored a mutation in DNA gyrase A (Ser83→Tyr, Leu, or IIe), and some had a secondary Asp87→Asn mutation. Isolates for which the MIC was 16 μg/ml possessed an additional alteration in ParC (Ser80→IIe, Trp, or Arg). Tolerance of the organic solvent cyclohexane w

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Chen, Sheng, Shenghui Cui, Patrick F. McDermott, et al. "Contribution of Target Gene Mutations and Efflux to Decreased Susceptibility of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium to Fluoroquinolones and Other Antimicrobials." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 2 (2006): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00600-06.

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ABSTRACT The mechanisms involved in fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica include target alterations and overexpression of efflux pumps. The present study evaluated the role of known and putative multidrug resistance efflux pumps and mutations in topoisomerase genes among laboratory-selected and naturally occurring fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains. Strains with ciprofloxacin MICs of 0.25, 4, 32, and 256 μg/ml were derived in vitro using serovar Typhimurium S21. These mutants also showed decreased susceptibility or resistance to many nonfluor

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Dean, Charles R., Shubha Narayan, Denis M. Daigle, et al. "Role of the AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump in Determining Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to the Novel Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor LBM415." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 8 (2005): 3129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.8.3129-3135.2005.

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ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae isolates vary widely in their susceptibilities to the peptide deformylase inhibitor LBM415 (MIC range, 0.06 to 32 μg/ml); however, on average, they are less susceptible than gram-positive organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Insertional inactivation of the H. influenzae acrB or tolC gene in strain NB65044 (Rd strain KW20) increased susceptibility to LBM415, confirming a role for the AcrAB-TolC pump in determining resistance. Consistent with this, sequencing of a PCR fragment generated with primers flanking the acrRA region from

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Pérez, Astrid, Delia Canle, Cristina Latasa, et al. "Cloning, Nucleotide Sequencing, and Analysis of the AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump of Enterobacter cloacae and Determination of Its Involvement in Antibiotic Resistance in a Clinical Isolate." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 9 (2007): 3247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00072-07.

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ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae is an emerging clinical pathogen that may be responsible for nosocomial infections. Management of these infections is often difficult, owing to the high frequency of strains that are resistant to disinfectants and antimicrobial agents in the clinical setting. Multidrug efflux pumps, especially those belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division family, play a major role as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative pathogens. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the genes encoding an AcrAcB-TolC-like efflux pump from an E. cloacae clinical

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Ricci, Vito, Peter Tzakas, Anthony Buckley, Nick C. Coldham, and Laura J. V. Piddock. "Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains Are Difficult To Select in the Absence of AcrB and TolC." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 1 (2006): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.1.38-42.2006.

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ABSTRACT It has been proposed that lack of a functional efflux system(s) will lead to a lower frequency of selection of resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antibiotics. We constructed five strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 that lacked efflux gene components of resistance nodulation cell division pumps (acrB, acrD, acrF, acrBacrF, and tolC) plus three strains that lack genes that effect efflux gene expression (marA, soxS, and ramA) and a hypermutable strain (mutS::aph). Strains were exposed to ciprofloxacin at 2× the MIC in agar, in the presence and absence of Phe-A

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Elkins, Christopher A., Lisa B. Mullis, David W. Lacher, and Carina M. Jung. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of the Major Tripartite Multidrug Efflux Pump of Escherichia coli: Functional Conservation in Disparate Animal Reservoirs despite Exposure to Antimicrobial Chemotherapy." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 3 (2009): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01126-09.

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ABSTRACT AcrAB-TolC imparts a strong intrinsic resistance phenotype to many clinically significant molecules in Escherichia coli. This complex is composed of a pump, AcrB, and a periplasmic protein, AcrA, that exports substrates through a common outer membrane porin, TolC. A sequence survey of the pump-specific components, acrA and acrB, was conducted on three discrete animal reservoirs: rodents, bovines, and catfish. Although two of the reservoirs (bovine and catfish) were agrarian, and antibiotic use (ceftiofur and oxytetracycline/Romet 30, respectively) was reported for them, the vast major

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Bleuel, Corinna, Cornelia Große, Nadine Taudte, et al. "TolC Is Involved in Enterobactin Efflux across the Outer Membrane of Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 19 (2005): 6701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.19.6701-6707.2005.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli excretes the catecholate siderophore enterobactin in response to iron deprivation. While the mechanisms underlying enterobactin biosynthesis and ferric enterobactin uptake and utilization are widely understood, nearly nothing is known about how enterobactin is exported from the cell. Mutant and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses demonstrated that the outer membrane channel tunnel protein TolC but none of the respective seven resistance nodulation cell division (RND) proteins CusA, AcrB, AcrD, AcrF, MdtF (YhiV), or the twin RND MdtBC (YegNO) was essential

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Shinoda, Keiko. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Multidrug Efflux Transporter AcrA-AcrB-AcrA-TolC Complex Embedded in Lipid Bilayer." Biophysical Journal 118, no. 3 (2020): 391a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.2226.

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Zgurskaya, Helen I., and Hiroshi Nikaido. "Cross-Linked Complex between Oligomeric Periplasmic Lipoprotein AcrA and the Inner-Membrane-Associated Multidrug Efflux Pump AcrB from Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 15 (2000): 4264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.15.4264-4267.2000.

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ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli, the intrinsic levels of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents are produced through expression of the three-component multidrug efflux system AcrAB-TolC. AcrB is a proton-motive-force-dependent transporter located in the inner membrane, and AcrA and TolC are accessory proteins located in the periplasm and the outer membrane, respectively. In this study, these three proteins were expressed separately, and the interactions between them were analyzed by chemical cross-linking in intact cells. We show that AcrA protein forms oligomers, most probably trimers. In t

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Adil Kadhim, Wedad, and Kareem Ibrahim Mubarak. "Molecular detection of Escherichia coli efflux pumps genes isolated from UTI in pregnant women." Bionatura 8, no. 2 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.02.66.

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Sixty-three clinical samples from midstream urine samples were collected from pregnant women with urinary tract infections. After microscopic examination, culture and biochemical tests and the final diagnosis using the VITEK-2 system, 25 Escherichia coli isolates were discovered. Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed that E.coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin (%92), amikacin (%28), norfloxacin (%52), Ciprofloxacin (%56), ofloxacin (%60), trimethoprim (%8), chloramphenicol (%80), colistin sulfate (%20), tetracyclin (%68), azithromycin (%48), cefoxitin (%40), amoxicillin-clavulanate

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Akter, Suraya, AKM Habibullah Bahar, Md Tanveer Alam, Subrata Kumar Mondal, Md Mozaffer Hossain, and Md Abdur Rahman. "A Comparative study of Albumin-Creatinine Ratio and APACHE-II in Prediction of Outcome in Critically ill Patients in Intensive Care Units." Journal of the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 31, no. 1 (2018): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v31i1.66254.

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Background: Simple, sensitive, and dynamic markersfor prediction of outcome, which generate rapidand reliable results, are desirable in critical care units. Aim: Evaluation of prediction of outcome in critically ill patients by the Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR)on admission (ACR-1) and after 24hours of admission (ACR-2) & making a comparison between AcutePhysiology & Chronic Health Evaluation-II(APACHE-II), ACR-1 & ACR-2 in terms of outcome prediction. Settings and Study design: The prospective, observational study was carried out in the 20 bed mixedMedical-Surgical ICU of Dhaka Me

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Webber, Mark A., Ashraf Talukder, and Laura J. V. Piddock. "Contribution of Mutation at Amino Acid 45 of AcrR to acrB Expression and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Clinical and Veterinary Escherichia coli Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 10 (2005): 4390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.10.4390-4392.2005.

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ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates which overexpressed acrB and had a substitution at amino acid 45 of AcrR were complemented with wild-type acrR. Complementation led to increased sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and to ethidium bromide, suggesting that mutation at amino acid 45 of AcrR contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance.

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Radi, Mohammad S., Lachlan J. Munro, Jesus E. Salcedo-Sora, Se Hyeuk Kim, Adam M. Feist, and Douglas B. Kell. "Understanding Functional Redundancy and Promiscuity of Multidrug Transporters in E. coli under Lipophilic Cation Stress." Membranes 12, no. 12 (2022): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121264.

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Multidrug transporters (MDTs) are major contributors to microbial drug resistance and are further utilized for improving host phenotypes in biotechnological applications. Therefore, the identification of these MDTs and the understanding of their mechanisms of action in vivo are of great importance. However, their promiscuity and functional redundancy represent a major challenge towards their identification. Here, a multistep tolerance adaptive laboratory evolution (TALE) approach was leveraged to achieve this goal. Specifically, a wild-type E. coli K-12-MG1655 and its cognate knockout individu

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Shu, Rundong, Ge Liu, Yunyu Xu, Bojun Liu, Zhi Huang, and Hui Wang. "AcrAB Efflux Pump Plays a Crucial Role in Bile Salts Resistance and Pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae." Antibiotics 13, no. 12 (2024): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121146.

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Bile salts possess innate antibacterial properties and can cause significant damage to bacteria. To survive in the mammalian gut, Klebsiella pneumoniae has developed mechanisms to tolerate bile salts; however, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Transposon library screening revealed that the efflux pump AcrAB is involved in bile salt resistance. acrA and acrB mutants exhibited high sensitivity not only to bile salts but also to SDS and various antibiotics, with a switch-loop, comprising residues G615, F616, A617, and G618, proving to be crucial in this process. A colonization defect of acr

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Ilina, Yulia, Ewa Sloma, Ewa Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska, et al. "Characterization of the DNA-binding motif of the arsenic-responsive transcription factor Yap8p." Biochemical Journal 415, no. 3 (2008): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20080713.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses several mechanisms for arsenic detoxification including the arsenate reductase Acr2p and the arsenite efflux protein Acr3p. ACR2 and ACR3 are transcribed in opposite directions from the same promoter and expression of these genes is regulated by the AP-1 (activator protein 1)-like transcription factor Yap8p. Yap8p has been shown to permanently associate with this promoter and to stimulate ACR2/ACR3 expression in response to arsenic. In the present study we characterized the DNA sequence that is targeted by Yap8p. We show that Yap8p binds to a pseudo-palindromic TG

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Webber, Mark A., Andrew M. Bailey, Jessica M. A. Blair, et al. "The Global Consequence of Disruption of the AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump in Salmonella enterica Includes Reduced Expression of SPI-1 and Other Attributes Required To Infect the Host." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 13 (2009): 4276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00363-09.

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ABSTRACT The mechanisms by which RND pumps contribute to pathogenicity are currently not understood. Using the AcrAB-TolC system as a paradigm multidrug-resistant efflux pump and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model pathogen, we have demonstrated that AcrA, AcrB, and TolC are each required for efficient adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells and macrophages by Salmonella in vitro. In addition, AcrB and TolC are necessary for Salmonella to colonize poultry. Mutants lacking acrA, acrB, or tolC showed differential expression of major operons and proteins involved in pathogenes

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Padilla, Emma, Enrique Llobet, Antonio Doménech-Sánchez, Luis Martínez-Martínez, José Antonio Bengoechea, and Sebastián Albertí. "Klebsiella pneumoniae AcrAB Efflux Pump Contributes to Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 1 (2009): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00715-09.

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ABSTRACT Respiratory infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are characterized by high rates of mortality and morbidity. Management of these infections is often difficult, due to the high frequency of strains that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Multidrug efflux pumps play a major role as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the role of the K. pneumoniae AcrRAB operon in antimicrobial resistance and virulence by using isogenic knockouts deficient in the AcrB component and the AcrR repressor, both derived fr

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Krishnamoorthy, Ganesh, Elena B. Tikhonova, and Helen I. Zgurskaya. "Fitting Periplasmic Membrane Fusion Proteins to Inner Membrane Transporters: Mutations That Enable Escherichia coli AcrA To Function with Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexB." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 2 (2007): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01276-07.

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ABSTRACT AcrAB-TolC from Escherichia coli is a multidrug efflux complex capable of transenvelope transport. In this complex, AcrA is a periplasmic membrane fusion protein that establishes a functional connection between the inner membrane transporter AcrB of the RND superfamily and the outer membrane channel TolC. To gain insight into the mechanism of the functional association between components of this complex, we replaced AcrB with its close homolog MexB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surprisingly, we found that AcrA is promiscuous and can form a partially functional complex with MexB and Tol

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Husain, Fasahath, Matthew Humbard, and Rajeev Misra. "Interaction between the TolC and AcrA Proteins of a Multidrug Efflux System of Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 24 (2004): 8533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.24.8533-8536.2004.

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ABSTRACT This paper provides the biochemical evidence for physical interactions between the outer membrane component, TolC, and the membrane fusion protein component, AcrA, of the major antibiotic efflux pump of Escherichia coli. Cross-linking between TolC and AcrA was independent of the presence of any externally added substrate of the efflux pump or of the pump protein, AcrB. The biochemical demonstration of a TolC-AcrA interaction is consistent with genetic studies in which extragenic suppressors of a mutant TolC strain were found in the acrA gene.

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Tikhonova, Elena B., and Helen I. Zgurskaya. "AcrA, AcrB, and TolC ofEscherichia coliForm a Stable Intermembrane Multidrug Efflux Complex." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 31 (2004): 32116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m402230200.

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Ma, D., D. N. Cook, M. Alberti, N. G. Pon, H. Nikaido, and J. E. Hearst. "Molecular cloning and characterization of acrA and acrE genes of Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 175, no. 19 (1993): 6299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.19.6299-6313.1993.

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Yamasaki, Seiji, Saya Nagasawa, Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino, Akihito Yamaguchi, and Kunihiko Nishino. "AcrA dependency of the AcrD efflux pump in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium." Journal of Antibiotics 64, no. 6 (2011): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2011.28.

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Goodarzi, Rezvan, Mohammadreza Arabestani, Mohmmad Yousef Alikhani, Fariba Keramat, and Babak Asghari. "Emergence of tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 clone in patients without exposure to tigecycline." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 11 (2021): 1677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.15157.

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Introduction: Tigecycline is a unique class of semi-synthetic glycylcyclines developed to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the past decades, eight tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates have been identified in Tehran and no Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported. Methodology: To elucidate the mechanism of K. pneumoniae efflux pump-mediated resistance, the expression of efflux pump genes (oqxA, oqxB, acrA, acrB, tolC) and regulators (acrR, ramA, marA, soxS, rarA, rob) was investigated by real-time RT-PCR. Multilocus sequence typing

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Huda, M., B. Z. Rawaa, and A. G. Bushra. "Prevalence of acrA, acrB, and tolC Efflux Pump Genes among Multiple-Drug Resistant Escherichia Coli Strains in Isolates Obtained from Patients with Diabetes Mellitus." Лабораторная диагностика. Восточная Европа 14, no. 1 (2025): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.34883/pi.2025.14.1.005.

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Introduction. Around 150 million people suffer a UTI each year, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the main cause. Second only to respiratory tract infections in terms of frequency are urinary tract infections (UTIs). The presence of MDR in E. coli has been linked to the efflux pumps. Purpose. To complete an evaluation of acrA, acrB, and tolC genes prevalence among UPEC strains isolated from diabetic patients who were admitted to Al-Hussein teaching hospital. Materials and methods. For 100 urine sample taken from diabetic patients, the obtained E coli strains were 20 and all were diagnosed

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Ma, Dzwokai, David N. Cook, Marie Alberti, Ning G. Pon, Hiroshi Nikaido, and John E. Hearst. "Genes acrA and acrB encode a stress-induced efflux system of Escherichia coli." Molecular Microbiology 16, no. 1 (1995): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02390.x.

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Krishnan Ramaswamy, Venkata, Giuliano Malloci, Attilio Vittorio Vargiu, and Paolo Ruggerone. "Molecular Rationale Behind the Differential Substrate Specificity of RND Transporters AcrB and AcrD." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (2017): 274a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.1482.

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Coluccia, Marco, Aude Béranger, Rita Trirocco, et al. "Role of the MDR Efflux Pump AcrAB in Epithelial Cell Invasion by Shigella flexneri." Biomolecules 13, no. 5 (2023): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13050823.

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The tripartite complex AcrAB-TolC is the major RND pump in Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae, including Shigella, the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery. In addition to conferring resistance to many classes of antibiotics, AcrAB plays a role in the pathogenesis and virulence of several bacterial pathogens. Here, we report data demonstrating that AcrAB specifically contributes to Shigella flexneri invasion of epithelial cells. We found that deletion of both acrA and acrB genes causes reduced survival of S. flexneri M90T strain within Caco-2 epithelial cells and prevents cell-t

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Ge, Qiang, Yoichi Yamada, and Helen Zgurskaya. "The C-Terminal Domain of AcrA Is Essential for the Assembly and Function of the Multidrug Efflux Pump AcrAB-TolC." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 13 (2009): 4365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00204-09.

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ABSTRACT Periplasmic membrane fusion proteins (MFPs) are essential components of multidrug efflux pumps and type I protein secretion systems of gram-negative bacteria. Located in the periplasm, MFPs function by creating a physical link between inner membrane transporters and outer membrane channels. The most conserved sequence of MFPs is located in their distal C-terminal domain. However, neither the structure nor the function of this domain is known. In this study, we investigated the structural and functional role of the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli AcrA, a periplasmic component of

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Nema Salomi, Zena, and Zainab H. Abood. "Pregnant Iraqi women's exposure to certain efflux pump genes of highly pathogenic uropathogenic Escherichia coli was studied molecularly." Sumer 2 8, CSS 2 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.02.81.

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One hundred midstream urine samples were collected from pregnant women aged less than 20 to over 36 years suffering symptoms referred to as urinary tract infections (UTIs) from a private laboratory in Baghdad city. 90 of the urine samples gave a positive culture, and 10 gave a hostile culture. According to microscopic examination, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests, Escherichia coli was identified as the most causative agent 53(58.9%) that causing UTIs among all bacterial isolates, which confirmed the diagnosis by Vital Index of Traditional Environmental Knowledge (VITEK 2) systems

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Wang, Hui, Joann L. Dzink-Fox, Minjun Chen, and Stuart B. Levy. "Genetic Characterization of Highly Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clinical Escherichia coli Strains from China: Role ofacrR Mutations." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 5 (2001): 1515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.5.1515-1521.2001.

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ABSTRACT The genetic basis for fluoroquinolone resistance was examined in 30 high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coliclinical isolates from Beijing, China. Each strain also demonstrated resistance to a variety of other antibiotics. PCR sequence analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region of the topoisomerase genes (gyrA/B, parC) revealed three to five mutations known to be associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Western blot analysis failed to demonstrate overexpression of MarA, and Northern blot analysis did not detect overexpression of soxS RNA in any of the clin

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Amadou, A., B. N’Timon, L. Sonhaye, et al. "Valeur diagnostique des microcalcifications ACR3 et ACR4 dans le dépistage du cancer du sein." Journal Africain du Cancer / African Journal of Cancer 6, no. 2 (2014): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12558-014-0327-8.

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Webber, Mark A., and Laura J. V. Piddock. "Absence of Mutations in marRAB or soxRS inacrB-Overexpressing Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clinical and Veterinary Isolates of Escherichia coli." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 5 (2001): 1550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.5.1550-1552.2001.

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ABSTRACT The amount of acrB, marA, and soxS mRNA was determined in 36 fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli from humans and animals, 27 of which displayed a multiple-resistance phenotype. acrB mRNA was elevated in 11 of 36 strains. A mutation at codon 45 (Arg→Cys) in acrR was found in 6 of these 11 strains. Ten of the 36 isolates appeared to overexpresssoxS, and five appeared to overexpress marA. A number of mutations were found in the marR andsoxR repressor genes, correlating with greater amounts ofmarA and soxS mRNA, respectively.

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