Academic literature on the topic 'Acrylic colors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Acrylic colors"
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Patil, Anuprita, Rahul Anand, and Pratiksha Mahajan. "Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India Ink for Their Use as a Surgical Margin Inks in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2015): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1308.
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ABSTRACT Objective To compare acrylic color and India ink for their use as a surgical margin. Since, acrylic paints are available in multiple colors, they can be used to mark different surgical margins with different specific colors. Materials and methods The study was carried out on 30 surgically excised and formalin fixed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens. Four surgical margins of each 15 specimens were marked with India ink and the remaining were marked with acrylic colors. The grossed specimens were then processed using routine histopathology technique. The 4 mm sections of tissue block were cut using microtome and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Various macroscopic and microscopic parameters were used to study the suitability of acrylic color as surgical ink. Results Three different technicians found equal ease of application for acrylic color and India ink. The drying time for acrylic color (1.30 ± 0.009 minutes) was significantly less than India ink (2.30 ± 0.05 minutes). Out of total 60 blocks made for acrylic colors, 52 (86.66%) displayed clear visibility on paraffin blocks (93.33%). In contrast, out of 60 blocks made for India ink, only 34 showed faint visibility on paraffin blocks (56.66%). All acrylic colors were visible very clearly and uninterruptedly under the microscope, while three (5%) surgical margins stained with India ink were interrupted. With the acrylic colors, no contamination or staining of other tissues, processing fluids and solutions were reported. However, with India ink, three (5%) samples reported contamination in alcohol and xylene. There was no interference with the microscopic interpretation of nuclear and cellular details for both acrylic color and India ink whatsoever. Conclusion Acrylic colors are more suitable as surgical ink over India ink because of its availability in different colors, ease of application, faster drying time, and no contamination with processing fluids, easy availability and excellent visibility on paraffin blocks and under microscope. Moreover, if needed, painting with multiple colors could also help in reassessment of surgical margins of the gross specimen in the future. How to cite this article Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S, Mahajan P, Anand R, Patil A. Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India Ink for Their Use as a Surgical Margin Inks in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. World J Dent 2015;6(1):26-30.
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Reis, Ricardo César dos, Reinaldo Brito e. Dias, and Jose Carlos Mesquita Carvalho. "Evaluation of iris color stability in ocular prosthesis." Brazilian Dental Journal 19, no. 4 (2008): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402008000400015.
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Accurate iris reproduction in the fabrication of ocular prosthesis in order to match the remaining eye is a key factor to mask the loss and achieve an esthetic outcome for anophthalmic patients. This study evaluated the stability of acrylic paints used for replicating iris color in ocular prostheses by the analysis of two factors: the temperature of the acrylic resin polymerization cycle during prosthesis fabrication and the incidence of sun light, which is the main photodegrading agent undermining the longevity of ocular prostheses. An accelerated aging assay was used for both analyses. Specimens simulating the prosthetic iris in the colors blue, yellow, black, brown and green were fabricated, and were submitted to a colorimetric reading before and after undergoing the thermal conditions of acrylic resin polymerization. Next, the specimens were submitted to an artificial accelerated aging assay with ultraviolet radiation A and weekly colorimetric readings during a 3-week period. The color change (??*) values for the four specimens painted with the same color paint were averaged and the resulting values were considered for statistical analysis. Levine's test and Student's t-test were used to analyze the influence of the temperature of the polymerization cycle during prosthesis fabrication on the color stability of each acrylic resin paint. Friedman's test for three dependent samples was used for analysis of color photodegradation as function of time. Significance level was set at 0.05 for all analyses. It was observed that, after the action of the temperature of the polymerization cycle, alteration above clinically acceptable level of ??*> 3.3 was observed only for the yellow color. After the accelerated aging assay, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) as a function of time in the green, brown, black and blue colors. Changes were clinically acceptable for the brown and black colors; slightly above the clinically acceptable limit for the green color; and significantly high and impracticable from a clinical standpoint for the blue color. There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) for the yellow color, which presented color change only a little above the clinically acceptable limit. In conclusion: 1. Only the yellow color presented alterations above the clinically acceptable levels after the polymerization cycle; 2. After accelerated aging, there was no changes in the yellow color above the clinically acceptable levels; 3. For the green color, degradation was significant and slightly above the clinically acceptable levels; 4. The black, brown and blue colors presented significant alterations as function of time; the alterations of the brown and black colors were within acceptable clinical levels, while the blue color presented a more accentuated degradation over time.
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Liu, Yi, and Jing Hu. "Investigation of Polystyrene-Based Microspheres from Different Copolymers and Their Structural Color Coatings on Wood Surface." Coatings 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010014.
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Six kinds of polystyrene (PSt)-based colloidal microspheres were synthesized by adding acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA) as comonomers in styrene emulsion polymerization. The structurally colored coatings on a wood surface were self-assembled by thermally assisted gravity deposition of these microspheres. Chemical compositions and structures of microspheres and morphological characteristics of microspheres and structural color coatings, as well as optical properties of coatings and their generated structural colors, were studied. Pure PSt microspheres had a smooth surface and uniform structure, while microspheres of copolymers had core–shell morphologies and a rough surface. Only poly(styrene-acrylic acid) (P(St-AA)) microspheres had good monodispersity and the resulting coating had a well-ordered photonic crystal structure. However, other kinds of microspheres could form short ranges of ordered amorphous photonic crystal structures and they displayed structural colors. Both the reflectivity of coatings to visible light and structural colors varied with microsphere size and self-assembly temperature.
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Retamoso, Luciana Borges, Taís de Morais Alves da Cunha, Matheus Melo Pithon, Rogério Lacerda dos Santos, Fernanda Otaviano Martins, Maria Teresa Villela Romanos, and Orlando Motohiro Tanaka. "In vitro cytotoxicity of self-curing acrylic resins of different colors." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 4 (August 2014): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.066-070.oar.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of acrylic resins of different colors over time. METHODS: Specimens were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) according to the color of the acrylic resin (Orto Class, Clássico, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil): Group 1: clear acrylic resin; group 2: pink acrylic resin; group 3: blue acrylic resin and group 4: green acrylic resin. All specimens were fabricated according to the mass manipulation technique and submitted to mechanical polishing protocol. The control was performed with an amalgam specimen (C+), a glass specimen (C-) and cell control (CC). Specimens were immersed in Minimum Eagle's Medium (MEM) and incubated for 24 h at 37o C. The extracts from the experimental material were filtered and mixed with L929 fibroblast. Cytotoxicity was evaluated at 4 different times, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h. After contact, cells were incubated for 24 h and added to 100 µ of 0.01% neutral red dye. The cells were incubated for 3 h for pigment incorporation and fixed. Cells viability was determined by a spectroscopic (BioTek, Winooski, Vermont, USA) with a 492-nm wavelength λ=492 nm). RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the experimental groups and the CC and C- groups. CONCLUSION: Clear, pink, blue and green self-curing acrylic resins fabricated by means of the mass manipulation technique and mechanically polished are not cytotoxic. Neither the pigment added to the self-curing acrylic resin nor the factor of time influenced the cytotoxicity of the material.
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Tamrin, Khairul Fikri, Kaveh Moghadasi, Marzie Hatef Jalil, Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh, and Shahrol Mohamaddan. "Laser Discoloration in Acrylic Painting of Visual Art: Experiment and Modeling." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082009.
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This study discloses a method for painting artwork using a CO2 laser. The continuous-wave laser beam, at a predetermined heat flux and a predetermined number of laser beam passes, mixes and displaces the plurality of colored polymer-based compositions, respectively, by way of melting and vaporizing them. Experiments showed a great accuracy of colors and designed patterns between the computer aided design (CAD) drawing and what was achieved after laser discoloration. It was found that lower values of power and speed provide sufficient energy and time to make a melt pool of colors and cause their vaporization from the surface. A detailed numerical simulation was performed to obtain a detailed understanding of the physics of laser interaction with paint using ABAQUS software. The comparative analysis indicated that the top layer of paint (including yellow and green colors) melted upon increasing cutting speed and employing one laser pass. For blue and red paints, two passes of lasers are required; in the case of red color, lower laser speed is also necessary to intensify the heat. This method can be applied for making art designs on each surface color because it is based on melting and vaporization using a laser.
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Brischke, Christian, Tanja Borcharding, and Uta Mengel. "Subjective Sensation of Color Differences – Determination of Thresholds Depending on Color Tones and Resolution." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-0003.
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Abstract Colors are frequently defined by three points on the L*a*b* coordinates of the CIELAB color space, and the distance between two colors can be expressed as the total color difference ΔE. In particular with respect to reproducibility of print media color differences are an important parameter, as well as for car finishes and textile dyes. Color changes are also the result of ageing and weathering which is an issue for art objects and in the building and restoration sector. However, the subjective perceptibility of color differences depends on numerous factors and general thresholds are difficult to define. This study aimed therefore on defining tolerance levels for color changes in dependence of color tones and color tone combinations as well as their resolution. In total 30 test persons evaluated samples, which had been painted with acrylic artist colors with defined color differences (ΔE = 0–7). The test subjects realized color differences already at ΔE = 1–4 for the highest resolution. Threshold values have been identified for different tones as well as the effect of interdependencies between tones and the level of color heterogeneity between adjacent areas.
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Potaliya, Pushpa, and Surajit Ghatak. "Augmenting the Visual Display of Museum Specimen Using Fabrica Acrylic Colors and Its Better Restoration." Indian Journal of Anatomy 5, no. 3 (2016): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.5316.12.
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Machmud, Edy. "Teknik sederhana pembuatan gigitiruan jembatan tiga unit dari komposit A simple technique to make three-unit composite bridge." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v10i1.247.
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Denture treatment has the objective to enhance mastication and aesthetics function of patients. Recently, fixedpartial dentures, crowns or bridges are popular restoration in population. The materials usually used for therestoration are acrylic, porcelain, composite, and metal. Composite is used due to patient’s unability to comeseveral times. This case report will discuss the technique of making three unit bridge using composite materials.This composite restoration is used because the colors can be matched with natural tooth colors and completed inone visit
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Khan, Mohammad Rizwan, Naushad Ahmad, Mohamed Ouladsmane, and Mohammad Azam. "Heavy Metals in Acrylic Color Paints Intended for the School Children Use: A Potential Threat to the Children of Early Age." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082375.
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Heavy metals are the harmful elements, regarded as carcinogens. Nevertheless, owing to their physical and chemical properties, they are still used in the production of several commercial products. Utilization of such products increases the chance for the exposure of heavy metals, some of them are categorized as probable human carcinogens (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Exposure of heavy metals to school children at early age can result severe life time health issues and high chance of emerging cancer. Thus, we have performed study relating to the presence of heavy metals in acrylic color paints commonly used by the school children. Acrylic paints of different colors were assayed for seven potential heavy metals manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using microwave digestion and iCAPQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The optimized method including paints digestion reagents nitric acid (HNO3, 65%, 5 mL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF, 40%, 2 mL) have offered excellent method performance with recovery values ranged between 99.33% and 105.67%. The elements were identified in all of the analyzed samples with concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 372.59 µg/g. Cd constitutes the lower percentage (0.05%), whereas Zn constitutes high ratio contribution which was tremendously high (68.33%). Besides, the paints contamination was also color specific, with considerably total heavy metal concentrations found in brunt umber (526.57 µg/g) while scarlet color (12.62 µg/g) contained lower amounts. The outcomes of our investigation highlight the necessity for guidelines addressing the heavy metals in acrylic color paints intended for the school children usage.
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Liu, Yi, Jing Hu, and Zhihui Wu. "Fabrication of Coatings with Structural Color on a Wood Surface." Coatings 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010032.
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A facile method for the fabrication of colloidal photonic crystal coatings with tunable structural color on a wood surface was presented. The photonic crystal coatings were formed from monodisperse latex spheres composed of poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)). The latex spheres with a hard PSt core and elastomeric P(MMA-AA) shell were prepared using the emulsion polymerization method. The sessile drop method, a rapid single-step self-assembly method through simple evaporation of emulsion, was used to form three-dimensional colloidal crystals. Coatings with brilliant colors and uniform Bragg’s diffraction covering the entire visible region were fabricated by controlling the sphere size. This simple method provided new insight into the development of wood color embellishment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Acrylic colors"
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Peracini, Amanda. "Avaliação in vitro da ação do hipoclorito de sódio e de pastilhas efervescentes quanto à alteração de cor em resinas acrílicas termopolimerizáveis e de microondas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-29102008-171550/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a alteração de cor de resinas acrílicas termopolimerizáveis (convencional e de microondas) após imersões em soluções químicas higienizadoras de próteses totais em diferentes períodos de tempo. Foram obtidos padrões em cera (15mm de diâmetro e 4mm de espessura), a partir de uma matriz de teflon, que foram incluídos em muflas convencionais e para microondas. Após a eliminação da cera, as resinas foram manipuladas, prensadas e polimerizadas segundo as instruções dos fabricantes. Foram confeccionados 200 corpos-de-prova, 100 de cada marca comercial das resinas Lucitone 550 (L) e Onda Cryl (OC), os quais foram imersos nas soluções: A)Água destilada-3 min.; B)Bony Plus -3 min.; C)Água destilada-5 min.; D)Corega Tabs-5 min.; E)Água destilada-20 min.; F)Hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5%-20 min.; G)Hipoclorito de sódio a 1%-20 min.; H)Água destilada-8 horas; I)Hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5%-8 horas; J)Hipoclorito de sódio a 1%-8 horas. A alteração de cor foi avaliada empregando-se um espectrocolorímetro (Color Guide 45/0 BYK-Gardner) antes e após a simulação de 180 dias de imersão. Os resultados foram comparados por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA) para dois fatores, seguida pelo teste de Student-Newman Keuls, com nível de significância de 0,05. Para correlacionar as diferenças de cor para o ambiente clínico, os dados foram calculados de acordo com as unidades da National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Os resultados mostraram que a resina Lucitone 550 (ΔE = 0,47±0,18) apresentou-se mais estável que a Onda-Cryl (ΔE = 0,53±0,31). Para ambas as resinas, as pastilhas, os hipocloritos por 20 minutos (0,5% e 1%) e por 08 horas (0,5%) não provocaram alterações maiores que seus respectivos controles (L-A: 0,27 ±0,10; L-B: 0,44±0,21; L-C: 0,48±0,21; L-D: 0,46±0,13; L-E: 0,29±0,07; L-F: 0,37±0,08; L-G: 0,47±0,10; L-H: 0,61±0,11; L-I: 0,55±0,10; OC-A: 0,22±0,08; OC-B: 0,43±0,32; OC-C: 0,65±0,35; OC-D: 0,41±0,11; OC-E: 0,31±0,11; OC-F: 0,29±0,07; OC-G: 0,37 ±0,11; OC-H: 0,78±0,10; OC-I: 0,79±0,08). As soluções de hipoclorito a 1% (L-J: 0,74±0,09; OC-J: 1,06 ±0,13) causaram maiores alterações que seus respectivos controles. As soluções empregadas por 08 horas (água e Hipocloritos a 0,5% e 1%) provocaram alterações classificadas como leves, segundo o sistema NBS. Os achados deste estudo revelaram que as pastilhas efervescentes, quando usadas de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes, e o hipoclorito de sódio (0,5% e 1%) por 20 minutos apresentaram menores valores de alteração de cor nas resinas acrílicas após um período de uso simulado de 180 dias. Médias mais elevadas foram obtidas quando um regime de 8 horas foi simulado.The aim of this study was to evaluate color alteration of heat-polymerized acrylic resins (conventional and microwave-polymerized), after immersion in chemicals solutions of denture cleansers for different periods of time. Wax patterns were obtained (15 mm in diameter and 4 mm thickness) from a teflon matrix and were invested in metallic or microwavable flasks. The wax had been eliminated and the resins were mixed, packed and polymerized according to the manufacturers instructions. Two hundred specimens were made, 100 specimens of each commercial resin Lucitone 550 (L) e Onda Cryl (OC), which were immersed in the solutions: A)Distilled water-3 min.; B)Bony Plus-3 min.; C)Distilled water-5 min.; D)Corega Tabs-5 min.; E) Distilled water -20 min.; F) 0,5% Sodium Hypochlorite-20 min.; G) 1% Sodium Hypochlorite-20 min.; H)Distilled water-8 hours; I)0,5% Sodium Hypochlorite-8 hours; J)1% Sodium Hypochlorite -8 hours. Color alteration was assessed by a spectrocolorimeter (Color Guide 45/0 (BYKGardner) before and after 180 days simulation. The results were analyzed statistically by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Student Newman-Keuls test, with significance level of 0.05. To relate the color differences to a clinical environment, the data were quantified by National Bureau of Standards (NBS) units. The results showed that the resin Lucitone 550 (ΔE=0,47±0,18) was more stable than the resin Onda-Cryl (ΔE=0,53±0,31). For both resins, the tablets, the hypochlorite by 20 minutes (0,5% e 1%) and by 8 hours (0,5%) did not produce higher alterations than the respective controls (L-A: 0,27 ±0,10; L-B: 0,44±0,21; L-C: 0,48±0,21; L-D: 0,46±0,13; L-E: 0,29±0,07; L-F: 0,37±0,08; L-G: 0,47±0,10; L-H: 0,61±0,11; L-I: 0,55±0,10; OC-A: 0,22±0,08; OC-B: 0,43±0,32; OC-C: 0,65±0,35; OC-D: 0,41±0,11; OC-E: 0,31±0,11; OC-F: 0,29±0,07; OC-G: 0,37 ±0,11; OC-H: 0,78±0,10; OC-I: 0,79±0,08). The 1% hypochlorite solutions (L-J: 0,74±0,09; OC-J: 1,06 ±0,13) produced higher alterations than the respective controls. The solutions employed by 8 hours (water and 0,5% and 1% hipochlorite) produced alterations classified as slight, according to the NBS system. The findings of this study showed that the effervescent tablets, used according to the manufacturer´s instructions, and the sodium hypochlorite (0,5% and 1%) used by 20 minutes presented lower values of color alterations in acrylic resins after a period of 180 days simulation. Higher mean averages were obtained when a period of 8 hours was simulated.
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Fernandes, Flávio Henrique Carriço Nogueira. "Avaliação da alteração de cor e rugosidade média superficial de resinas acrílicas usadas em base de próteses após imersão em desinfetantes químicos e bebidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-19032010-111443/.
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Pacientes submetidos a procedimento protéticos estão expostos a microorganismos patogênicos podendo ocorrer desenvolvimento de doenças e infecção cruzada entre pacientes e equipe odontológica.As próteses devem ser desinfetadas com substâncias que não provoquem alterações nas propriedades mecânicas e físicas principalmente em associação com a ingestão de bebidas com teor alcoólico ou baixo pH. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a rugosidade média superficial (Ra) e estabilidade de cor de resinas acrílicas(Lucitone 550, QC-20 e Vipi-Wave), empregadas na confecção de bases para próteses totais, removíveis, overdentures e próteses protocolos sobre implantes após imersão em desinfetantes químicos (hipoclorito de sódio 1% e ácido peracético 2%) por 30 e 60 minutos, e após desinfecção por 30minutos seguida de imersão em bebidas com e sem teor alcóolico (vinho, suco de uva, chá e aguardente). Foram confeccionados 60 corpos-de-prova de cada marca comercial de resina, sendo divididos em 2 grupos, referentes aos desinfetantes químicos. Após os procedimentos de acabamento e polimento dos corpos-de-prova, foram realizadas as mensurações iniciais (t=0) de rugosidade e cor, e a seguir dez corpos-de-prova de cada marca comercial de resina foram imersos em hipoclorito de sódio e dez em ácido peracético, durante 30 e 60 minutos, sendo realizadas as mensurações após cada período de imersão. Esses dados foram, posteriormente submetidos à análise estatística. Quarenta corpos-de-prova de cada tipo de resina foram imersos em hipoclorito de sódio e ácido peracético por 30min, a seguir foram realizadas as mensurações de rugosidade e cor, e a divisão em subgrupos referentes às bebidas. Os corpos-de-prova foram lavados com água destilada, secos com lenços de papel e imersos em vinho(n=5), suco de uva(n=5), chá (n=5) e aguardente (n=5) por 2 horas. Após as mensurações, os corpos-de-prova foram imersos em água destilada e mantidos por 24 horas, decorrido esse período foram realizadas as mensurações de rugosidade e cor. Os corpos-de-prova eram imersos diariamente nas bebidas por 2 horas e as mensurações subseqüentes de rugosidade e cor eram realizadas após 168hs (7dias), 336hs (14dias) e 504hs (21dias) de imersão nas mesmas bebidas.Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela Análise de Variância e testes complementares de Tukey e Scheffé. Foi evidenciado aumento da Ra após 30 minutos de imersão nos desinfetantes em todas as resinas, com QC-20 apresentando os maiores valores de Ra e Vipi-Wave os menores. Lucitone 550 apresentou maior Ra após imersão em vinho, suco de uva e aguardente e Vipi-Wave após imersão em chá. Após 60minutos de imersão nos desinfetantes todas as resinas apresentaram alteração de cor estatisticamente significante. Os corpos-de-prova imersos em vinho apresentaram os maiores valores de alteração de cor após 336hs (14dias), enquanto os imersos em suco de uva apresentaram alterações de cor leves após 168hs (7dias), 336hs (14dias) e 504hs (21dias), e os imersos em aguardente e chá não apresentaram alterações de cor clinicamente significantes. Conclui-se que desinfecção em hipoclorito de sódio 1% e ácido peracético alterou as propriedades de rugosidade média e cor das resinas avaliadas, e dentre as bebidas, vinho e suco de uva foram as que propiciaram maior alteração de cor.Patients submitted to prosthetic procedures are exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, and the development of diseases and crossed infection may occur between patients and the dental team. Dentures must be disinfected with substances that do not cause changes in the mechanical and physical properties, particularly in association with the ingestion of beverages with alcohol concentration or low pH. This study evaluated the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability of acrylic resin colors (Lucitone 550, QC-20 and Vipi-Wave), used for fabricating bases for complete, removable dentures, overdentures and prosthetic protocol after immersion in chemical disinfectants (1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% peracetic acid) for 30 and 60 minutes, and after disinfection, followed by immersion in beverages (wine, grape juice, tea and brandy) for 30minutes. Sixty specimens were made of each commercial brand of resin composite, and divided into 2 groups according to the chemical disinfectants. After the test specimens had undergone the finishing and polishing procedures, the initial color and roughness measurements were taken (t=0), and after this, tem test specimens of each commercial brand of resin composite were immersed in sodium hypochlorite and ten in peracetic acid, for 30 and 60 sixty minutes, with measurements being taken after each immersion period. Afterwards, these data were submitted to statistical analysis. Forty test specimens of each type of resin were immersed in sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid for 30 min, after which roughness and color measurements were taken, and specimens were divided into subgroups according to the beverages. The specimens were washed with distilled water, dried with paper towels and immersed in wine (n=5), grape juice (n=5), tea (n=5) and brandy (n=5) for 2 hours. After being measured, the test specimens were immersed in distilled water and kept there for 24 hours. When this period elapsed, roughness and color were measured. The test specimens were immersed for 2 hours daily, and the subsequent roughness and color measurements were taken 168 hrs (7days), 336 hrs (14days) and 504 hrs (21days) after immersion in the same beverages. The data were statistically analyzed by the Analysis of Variance and Tukey and Scheffé complementary tests. There was evidence of an increase in Ra after 30 minutes immersion in the disinfectants in all the resins, with QC-20 presenting the highest Ra values, and Vipi-Wave the lowest. The Lucitone 550 resin presented the highest Ra after immersion in wine, grape juice and brandy, and Vipi-Wave after immersion in tea. After 60 minutes immersion in the disinfectants all the resins presented statistically significant color alteration. The test specimens immersed in wine presented the highest color alteration values after 14 days, while those immersed in grape juice presented slight color alterations after 168 hrs (7days), 336hrs (14days) and 504hs (21days), and those immersed in brandy and tea presented no clinically significant color alterations. It was concluded that disinfection in 1% sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid altered the properties of roughness and color of the evaluated resins, and among the beverages, wine and grape juice were those that produced the greatest color alteration.
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Nora, Bárbara Dala. "EFEITO DE SOLUÇÕES HIGIENIZADORAS NA ESTABILIDADE DE COR E RUGOSIDADE DE RESINAS ACRÍLICAS PARA BASE DE DENTADURA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6187.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cleaning substances in color stability
and roughness of acrylic resins to base definitive or provisional dentures polymerized
by different methods. The factors evaluated were the type of acrylic resin
(autopolymerized, heat-polymerized or microwave-polymerized), immersion media
(alkaline peroxide, 0,5% sodium hypochlorite or artificial saliva as control) and time.
Seventy-two disc-shaped specimens (8mmx2mm) were prepared (n = 8) and divided
according to the experimental design. To determine color change (ΔE00) was used
CIEDE2000 equation. The Ra parameter was used to determine the surface
roughness of the samples. Baseline measurements were performed 24 hours after
hydration (T0) and then the cps were subjected to 20 minutes daily immersions in
media. New readings were performed in 30 (T1), 60 (T2) and 90 days (T3). Data were
submitted to Analysis of Variance Test for Repeated Measures (Two-way ANOVA)
followed by Tukey s Test (p <0,05). Significant effect was found over time, especially
in color values (T2 and T3) and roughness for the autopolymerized resin (T3),
which behaved worse. The solutions influenced color and roughness. Color stability
and roughness were modified by means of immersion and varied depending on the
type of polymerization, however the protocol of 20 minutes of immersion in cleaning
solutions proved to be safe within the evaluated period for heat-polymerized and
microwave-polymerized resin.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito substâncias de higienização na estabilidade de cor e na rugosidade de resinas acrílicas para base de dentadura definitiva ou provisória, polimerizadas por diferentes métodos. Os fatores avaliados foram o tipo de resina acrílica (autopolimerizável, termopolimerizável ou cura por micro-ondas), meios de imersão (peróxido alcalino, hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5% ou saliva artificial como controle) e tempo. Setenta e dois corpos de prova (cps) em forma de disco (8mmx2mm) foram confeccionados (n=8) e divididos conforme delineamento experimental. Para determinar alteração de cor (ΔE00) foi utilizada a equação CIEDE2000. O parâmetro de Ra foi empregado para determinar a rugosidade superficial média das amostras. As mensurações iniciais foram feitas 24h após a hidratação (T0) e a seguir os cps foram submetidos a imersões diárias de 20 minutos nos meios. Novas leituras foram realizadas nos tempos de 30 (T1),60 (T2) e 90 dias (T3). Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância com dois fatores para Medidas Repetidas seguido de Teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Efeito significativo foi encontrado ao longo do tempo, principalmente nos valores de cor (T2 e T3) e rugosidade da resina autopolimerizável (T3), a qual se comportou de maneira inferior. Os meios influenciaram cor e rugosidade. Estabilidade de cor e rugosidade foram modificadas pelos meios de imersão e variaram conforme o tipo de polimerização, porém o protocolo de imersão em 20 minutos nas soluções higienizadoras mostrouse seguro dentro do período avaliado para as resinas termopolimerizável e cura por micro-ondas.
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Pack, Alison Greer. "Some People Call Them Dolls: Capturing the Iconic Power of the Female Form in Non-ferrous Metals." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0330103-135724/unrestricted/PackA040803d.pdf.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0330103-135724. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Estoup, Jean-Marie. "Etude de la carbonatation endogene du beton et de ses applications a l'industrie du beton manufacture." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066362.
Full textAbstract:
Etude bibliographique et experimentale de l'hydratation et de la carbonation du beton en dispersant dans la masse des polyisocyanates (hmdi ou mdi, qui accelerent l'hydratation, et ipdi, qui la retardent). Analyse des reactions. Resultats prometteurs de l'application de la technique pour ameliorer la stabilite de la teinte des betons colores, les resistances mecaniques a court terme, la tenue aux agents agressifs et la durabilite des fibres de verre dans une matrice de ciment
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Soares, Rodrigo Gonçalves. "Avaliação da resistência flexural, módulo de elasticidade e parâmetros de cor de resinas acrílizas utilizadas para restaurações provisórias com fibra de vidro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-20022009-094117/.
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Restauração provisória é uma importante fase da reabilitação bucal com prótese parcial fixa, deve fornecer proteção pulpar e periodontal, apresentar integridade marginal e estética, ter durabilidade suficiente para resistir às forças mastigatórias. Pacientes com bruxismo ou aqueles cujo tratamento requer períodos longos de uso das restaurações provisórias necessitam de material com melhores propriedades mecânicas. Vários métodos têm sido empregados para reforçar próteses fixas provisórias, como fios metálicos, reforço metálico e incorporação de diferentes tipos de fibras, como carbono, polietileno e vidro, nas resinas para restaurações provisórias. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar alteração de cor e propriedades mecânicas de resistência flexural, módulo de elasticidade e carga de ruptura em resinas acrílicas com incorporação de fibras de vidro silanizadas. Para avaliação de cor foram confeccionados quarenta corpos-de-prova circulares (15 x 3mm) de cada marca comercial de resina acrílica quimicamente ativada, usada para confecção de restaurações provisórias, Dencor (Clássico Ltda., São Paulo-SP, Brasil), Duralay (Reliance, Worth-IL, EUA) e Trim Plus II (Bosworth Company, Skokie-IL, EUA), sendo vinte corpos-de-prova controles, e vinte experimentais, com adição de 10% em peso de fibras de vidro moídas (Reforplás S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Após a realização do acabamento superficial dos corpos-de-prova com lixas de carborundum e feltros era realizada a avaliação dos componentes de cor (L*, a*, b*) em espectrocolorímetro portátil (BYK-Gardner GmbH, Gerestried, Alemanha), com três mensurações em cada corpo-de-prova. Para os ensaios de resistência flexural, módulo de elasticidade e carga de ruptura foram confeccionados 40 corpos-de-prova retangulares (10mm de comprimento, 65mm de largura e 3mm de espessura) de cada marca de resina, sendo vinte do grupo controle e vinte do experimental (com fibras). Os corpos-de-prova foram testados em uma máquina de ensaios universal (Emic DL 2000®, Emic, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brasil), usando três, com velocidade de 5mm/min. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, usando testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, de acordo com a distribuição da amostra. Todos os componentes de cor (L*, a* e b*) foram alterados após a incorporação de fibras de vidro, com exceção do componente b* da resina Duralay. Para o ensaio de resistência flexural, a análise de variância evidenciou significância estatística (p<0,01) apenas para o fator resinas (Duralay: 85,748 N/mm2 (± 8,04) ,Trim Plus: 86,860 N/mm2 (± 7,73) e Dencor: 97,400 N/mm2 (± 8,18)).Na avaliação do módulo de elasticidade, a análise de variância mostrou significância estatística (p<0,01) para o fator tratamentos, sem fibra: 2572,138 MPa (± 290,92) e com fibras: 3446,691 MPa (± 411,13), e para a interação, evidenciando que a incorporação de fibras aumentou o módulo de elasticidade das três resinas avaliadas.Na carga de ruptura, a análise de Variância evidenciou significância estatística (p<0,01) para os fatores tratamentos, sem fibras: 482,607 N (± 53,18322) e com fibras: 557,53 N (± 59,49652), resinas Duralay: 494,06 N (± 86,63), Trim Plus: 525,177 N (± 42,85) e Dencor: 540,971 N (± 58,40). Conclui-se que a incorporação de fibras provocou alterações nos componentes de cor e aumentou ambos, módulo de elasticidade e carga de ruptura, contudo não alterou a resistência flexural.Provisional restoration is an important rehabilitation phase in fixed prosthodontic therapy, it should provide pulpal and periodontal protection, showing marginal integrity and esthetics, should also have enough durability in order to resist to the forces of mastication. Patients with bruxism or those, whose treatment require long-term use of provisional restorations, need material with better mechanical properties. Several methods have been applied to reinforce fixed partial dentures, as well as metal wires, metal reinforcement and the application of different types of fibers, such as carbon, polyethylene and glass in the resins for temporary restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color change as well as the mechanical properties of flexural strength, elastic modulus and load rupture in acrylic resin with silanized glass fibers. In order to evaluate the color, it was fabricated forty circular specimens (15 x 3mm) of each commercial brand of the resins chemically activated, used to make provisional restorations, Dencor (Clássico Ltda., São Paulo-SP, Brasil), Duralay (Reliance, Worth-IL, EUA) e Trim Plus II (Bosworth Company, Skokie-IL, EUA). Twenty specimens were control and the other twenty were experimental with an addition of 10% in glass fiber weights (Reforplás S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). After the superficial finishing of the specimens with silicon carbide paper and rag wheel, it was done an evaluation of the color parameters (L*, a*, b*) with a portable spectrocolorimeter (BYK-Gardner GmbH, Gerestried, Alemanha), in three measures in each specimens. For the flexural strength, elastic modulus and load rupture, forty rectangular specimens were fabricated (10mm in length, 65mm wide and 3mm of thickness) of each resin brand and twenty were experimental with fibers. The specimens were tested on an universal machine (Emic DL 2000®, Emic, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brasil), using a 3- point bending testing device at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/mim. The data was statistically analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests, according to the sample distribution. All the color parameter (L*, a* e b*) were altered after putting glass fibers, except the parameter b* from resin Duralay. For flexural resistance, the variance analyzes showed significance statistic (p<0,01) just for the resins ( Duralay: 85,748 N/mm2 (± 8,04) ,Trim Plus: 86,860 N/mm2 (± 7,73) and Dencor: 97,400 N/mm2 (± 8,18)). In the elastic modulus evaluation, the variance analyses showed significance statistic (p<0,01) for the treatment factors, without fibers (2572,138 MPa (± 290,92)) and with fibers (3446,691 (± 411,13)). Regarding the interaction, it showed that the incorporation of the fibers increased the elastic modulus in the three resins analyzed. Regarding the load rupture, the variance analyzed showed significance statistic of (p<0,01) for the treatment factors with fibers: 482,607 N (± 53,18322) and without fibers: 557,53 N (± 59,49652), resins (Duralay: 494,06 N (± 86,63), Trim Plus:525,177 N(± 42,85) e Dencor: 540,971 N (± 58,40)). The results of this study indicated that the incorporation of the fibers caused alterations in the color components and increased both elastic modulus and load rupture; therefore, it didnt increase the flexural resistance.
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TŘEŠKOVÁ, Marie. "Doteky." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45491.
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The practical part of diploma work consist of five figurative paintings, medium and bigger sized, made with acrylic colors on the canvas. The whole painting set is called `` Touches{\crqq}. The reflection principle goes trough the entire work and is also the name of subtitle. The reflection is important in a symbolic sense while choosing particular motives and colorful paintings. The work is inspired by the book Golden age written by Czech contemporaneous author Michal Ajvaz. In written section of diploma work the reader gets better idea about the work and each motif as well. There is a description of artistic aims, symbolic, colorness, painting techniques and used material.
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Khokhar, Zahir A. "In-vitro study of the color stability of modern restorative resins a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... prosthodontics ... /." 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=T0k_AAAAMAAJ.
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Huang, Yu Ting, and 黃鈺婷. "A Study of the Suitability of Paper Toning Materials on Asian Painting Conservation─Investigation of Traditional Chinese Color and Emulsion Type Artist Acrylic Color." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/867648.
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碩士國立臺南藝術大學
博物館學與古物維護研究所
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In Asian painting conservation, in order to match the color of original aged-paper, toning materials are used for adjusting the paper which will be applied as lining paper or for filling the losses. Traditional Chinese colors are one of the most common materials in use. Acrylics colors are used in modern painting and often used in paper conservation. This study will investigate traditional Chinese color and emulsion type of acrylic color as paper toning materials. Main purpose is to understand the properties and stability of chosen colors. Analysis shows that the vehicle (binding media) in traditional Chinese color may contain protein. The color of traditional Chinese indigo pigment change color easily after accelerated ageing. Paper toned with traditional Chinese color has better wetting ability and retain folding endurance after heat and humidity ageing. Ultraviolet will decrease the mechanism of paper quickly. Emulsion type acrylic color has good light-resistance but poor wetting ability. Its vehicle (binding media) could be p(n-BA/MMA), which is quite stable to light. However, it is shown that acrylic color, anthraquinone blue, become a little bit yellow after long term exposure to ultraviolet light. After exposure to UV light, the wetting abilities of acrylic toned paper will enhance. Both hematite and transparent red iron oxidize are stable. Acrylic toned paper has good light resistance and tinting strength. Fix the concentration appropriately , it can be one of the choice of toning material.
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ŠOBROVÁ, Lenka. "Myšlenky rostlin." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80511.
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This diploma thesis called "Thoughts of Plants" consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on an explanation of the basic thoughts and inspiration that comprise the main resources for the practical part in my thesis. In context of this thesis subject, there is a documentation of the main points in the current art scene, which deals with plant and landscape detail. The practical part is composed of the monumental triptych connected to the subject. This triptych is made of acrylic paint on canvas.
Books on the topic "Acrylic colors"
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Wildlife landscapes you can paint: 10 acrylic projects using just 5 colors. Cincinnati, OH: North Light Books, 2009.
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TCS decorative painting color match sourcebook: The complete guide to finding color matches for every top brand of paint. Danville, Ind: Tru-Color Systems, 2000.
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The decorative painting color match sourcebook: The complete guide to finding color matches for every top brand of paint. Cincinnati, OH: North Light Books, 1997.
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500 acrylic mixes: Paint color recipes for artists. Loveland, Colorado: Interweave Press, 2012.
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Husain, Maqbul Fida. Images of the Raj: Water colours, acrylic on canvas, drawings. Bangalore: Sista's Art Gallery, 1987.
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Blake, Wendon. The artist's guide to using color: A complete step-by-step guide in watercolor, acrylic, and oil. Cincinnati, Ohio: North Light Books, 1992.
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Masters, Leslie. How to paint a rainbow: The complete artist's workbook for acrylics, oils, and watercolors. [Ypsilanti, MI]: L. Masters, 1993.
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Transparent painting techniques: How to achieve veils of luminous color in watercolor and acrylic. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1992.
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Badger, Curtis J. Painting waterfowl with J.D. Sprankle: Step-by-step full-color instruction for 13 projects. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1991.
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Macedo, M. G. F. de, C. A. M. Volpato, B. A. P. C. Henriques, P. C. Vaz, F. S. Silva, and C. F. C. L. Silva. "Influence of thermocycling and colorants in the color of a bis-acryl composite resin—in vitro study." In Biodental Engineering V, 115–18. London, UK; Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429265297-25.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Acrylic colors"
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Bondaryeva, Аnna, and Оlena Mokrousova. "The acrylic/montmorillonite nanocomposites for leather finishing." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.3.
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Leather finishing is carried out by application of coatings that include polymer, pigment, solvents and any auxiliary products. The acrylic resins are employed in leather finishing to produce polymer film to create a uniform protective coating on the leather surface. To increase the operational properties of the polymer coating for leather finishing, it is proposed to use nanocomposites based on acrylic resin and modified dispersions of montmorillonite (AMC). The introduction of montmorillonite allows the polymer to be structured and provides improved physical and mechanical indexes of the leather coating. Acrylic polymers and colored modified dispersions of montmorillonite (CMDM) were used for the study. The colored montmorillonite was obtained by treating water dispersions of montmorillonite by sodium carbonate, basic chromium sulfate and anionic dyes. The AMC contained 1.5–2.0% montmorillonite of the dry polymer residues. The use of AMC enhances the physical and mechanical properties of the leather coating. It is shown that the use of temperature at 60°C for the formation of finishing coating enhances the structuring of the polymer matrix, which is confirmed by the 40 % increase in the tensile strength of films and the 10 % reduction in relative elongation at break.
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Barry, Michael. "Design of Apparatus for Studying Aerodynamics of Voice Production." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61822.
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The design and testing of an experimental apparatus for in vitro study of phonatory aerodynamics (voice production) in humans is presented. The presentation includes not only the details of apparatus design, but flow visualization and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) measurements of the developing flow that occurs during the opening of the constriction from complete closure. The main features of the phonation process have long been understood. A proper combination of air flow from the lungs and of vocal fold tension initiates a vibration of the vocal folds, which in turn valves the airflow. The resulting periodic acceleration of the airstream through the glottis excites the acoustic modes of the vocal tract. It is further understood that the pressure gradient driving glottal flow is related to flow separation on the downstream side of the vocal folds. However, the details of this process and how it may contribute to effects such as aperiodicity of the voice and energy losses in voiced sound production are still not fully grasped. The experimental apparatus described in this paper is designed to address these issues. The apparatus itself consists of a scaled-up duct in which water flows through a constriction whose width is modulated by motion of the duct wall in a manner mimicking vocal fold vibration. Scaling the duct up 10 times and using water as the working fluid allows temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the dynamically similar flow velocity field using DPIV at video standard framing rates (15Hz). Dynamic similarity is ensured by matching the Reynolds number (based on glottal flow speed and glottis width) of 8000, and by varying the Strouhal number (based on vocal fold length, glottal flow speed, and a time scale characterizing the motion of the vocal folds) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1. The walls of the 28 cm × 28 cm test section and the vocal fold pieces are made of clear cast acrylic to allow optical access. The vocal fold pieces are 12.7 cm × 14 cm × 28 cm and are rectangular in shape, except for the surfaces which form the glottis, which are 6.35 cm radius half-circles. Dye injection slots are placed on the upstream side of both vocal field pieces to allow flow visualization. Prescribed motion of the vocal folds is provided by two linear stages. Linear bearings ensure smooth execution of the motion prescribed using a computer interface. Measurements described here use the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) flow visualization and DPIV techniques and are performed for two Strouhal numbers to assess the effect of opening time on the development of the glottal jet. These measurements are conducted on a plane oriented perpendicular to the glottis, at the duct midplane. LIF measurements use a 5W Argon ion laser to produce a light sheet, which illuminates the dye injected through a slot in each vocal fold piece. Two dye colors are used, one for each side. Quantitative information about the velocity and vorticity fields are obtained through DPIV measurements at the same location as the LIF measurements.
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Roslan, Husniyati, Premalatha D. O. Muniandy Maniam, Fatanah M. Suhaimi, and Ahmad Fairuz Omar. "Color Stability of Acrylic Denture Teeth Exposed to Black Coffee and Turmeric." In 2018 IEEE-EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecbes.2018.8626692.
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Banyay, H. Reid. "Weathering Performance Advantages of Mold-In-Color Acrylic Versus Coated Plastics for Exterior Trim Applications." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1292.
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Wang, Hongjin, and Sheng-Jen Hsieh. "Comparison of step heating and modulated frequency thermography for detecting bubble defects in colored acrylic glass." In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, edited by Sheng-Jen (Tony) Hsieh and Joseph N. Zalameda. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2176537.
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Zulkarnain, Mohammad, and Putri Angelyna. "The Effect of Immersed Heat Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base in Chlorhexidin and Extract of Roselle Flower towards Color Stability." In International Dental Conference of Sumatera Utara 2017 (IDCSU 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/idcsu-17.2018.47.
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Pramuanjaroenkij, Anchasa, Kannika Wongpanit, Gorrawis Phonong, Burin Chaiburi, and Sadık Kakaç. "Relationships Between Hematocrit and Sample Flows on Lab-on-a-Chip." In ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2013-22240.
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In this work, the reusable Lab-on-a-Chip or LOC was fabricated and developed to reduce its investment cost and to ease its operations. A sandwiched acrylic set was chosen to assemble the PDMS LOC which was aimed to investigate biological samples, especially the samples from animals. Chicken and sheep blood were chosen as the samples to implement two-phase flows with different red-blood-cell shapes. The chicken blood flow represented the viscous two-phase flow with the oval shape particles while the sheep blood flow represented the inadhesive samples with the round particles. The LOC electrodes from different materials as the sputtered nickel plate, the aluminium foil, the copper plate, and the gold foil were examined. Ratios between the anticoagulant solution and the biological samples were studied to find their effects on sample velocities and to find the best image to characterize the RBC flow behaviors. Since it was hard to characterize the particle flow in the inadhesive flows, the result pictures were analyzed and presented in terms of color intensities per unit area by using a computer program called “ImageJ”. The sheep-blood-flow results were validated with the hematology results which were the hematocrits to find their relationships between the hematocrits and the RBC flows. Among different LOC electrodes, the sputtered nickel electrodes were the most suitable electrodes in this current application. We found that the suitable anticoagulant-sample ratios for chicken and sheep samples were 5:1 and 1:1 by volume, respectively. The normal-health-condition sheep with the standard hematocrits higher than 28% showed the average-different-color intensities per unit area between cathode and anode at 39.485 pixels per unit area while the lower standard hematocrit samples, the hematocrits were lower than 28%, showed the average-different-color intensities at 14.641 pixels per unit area, the lower intensity the lower hematocrit. So the LOC coupled with “ImageJ” exhibited their capabilities to investigate the sheep blood conditions, especially, this coupled technique consumed less time than the traditional hematology process.
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Salameh, Tareq, and Bengt Sunden. "Comparison of Continuous and Truncated Ribs on Internal Blade Tip Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68028.
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In the present work, an experimental study related to turbulent flow inside the bend part of a U-duct geometry was performed concerning pressure drop and heat transfer. Such duct geometries can be found inside gas turbine blades, where the cooling air extracts heat from hot internal walls while it is flowing inside the cooling passage. Both friction factors and convective heat transfer coefficients were established inside the bend part of the U-duct for two different rib cases, namely continuous and truncated ribs with varying Reynolds number from 8,000 to 20,000. For the continuous rib case, the length of the ribs was equal to the height of the duct while in the truncated rib case two different rib lengths, i.e., 46 mm and 40 mm, respectively, were considered. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio, e/Dh, was 0.1 and the pitch ratio was 10. The test rig has been built in such a way that various experimental setups can be handled as the outer wall of the bend (turn) part of the U-duct can easily be removed and the ribs can be changed. Both the U-duct and the ribs were made from acrylic material to allow optical access for measuring the surface temperature by using a high-resolution measurement technique based on the narrow band thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC R35C5W) and a CCD camera placed facing the bend (turn) part of the U-duct. The calibration of the TLC is based on the hue-based color decomposition system using an in-house designed calibration box. The ribs were placed transversely to the direction of the main flow at the outer wall of the bend (turn) part where the wall was heated by an electrical heater. The pressure drop was almost identical for the continuous and truncated rib cases, while the heat transfer coefficient is 10% higher for the continuous rib case at Re = 20000. The uncertainties in the evaluated properties were 3% and 6% for the Nusselt number and friction factor, respectively.
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Kerr, Thomas, and Adolfo Delgado. "Novel Approach for Optical Characterization of Thrust Collar Lubricated Area: Experimental and Numerical Results." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15467.
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Abstract Thrust collars (TCs) are bearing elements used in geared machinery that transmit axial loads from one shaft to another. TCs are primarily used in integrally geared compressors (IGCs), but are also found in gearboxes and marine propulsion applications. TCs are hydrodynamic elements featuring a converging-diverging wedge to generate a pressure field that reacts axial loads. Accurate modeling requires knowledge of the film characteristics such as cavitation, turbulence, and air ingestion, all of which reduce load capacity. Current models in the literature do not include mass-conserving cavitation algorithms or turbulent flow. The following paper introduces a new test rig that optically characterizes the thin film region of a thrust collar. The test rig geometries, speeds, and loads match those typically seen in IGC applications. The test rig utilizes a transparent acrylic window in conjunction with a high-speed camera to obtain high-speed images of the oil film. Images are filtered and averaged to obtain areas of interest in the oil film. Cavitation and turbulence areas are captured for pinion speeds of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 krpm, and axial loads of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kN. Cavitation occurs in the diverging (upper) region of the TC and appears at pinion speeds over 5,000 rpm, but does not change in shape after that speed. The cavitation is independent of applied load. Turbulence at the inlet region (bottom) occurs at all speeds, but increases to almost 35% of the total area at the highest speed. This paper also presents a finite element (FE) model that includes predictions for the static characteristics of the TC, specifically the cavitation area. The cavitation modeling uses an iterative Elord’s method, which conserves mass. The model predicts a similar cavitation area for all speeds and loads. A computation fluid dynamics (CFD) study predicts a similar cavitation area, and pressure field to the FE model. The CFD model predicts turbulence in the lower region that increases for increasing spin speed, which matches the experimental results. The CFD model tends to underpredict the turbulence area when compared to the experiments. As IGCs move into novel application areas to satisfy new needs, the increase in efficiency and capacity comes at a cost of more load and higher speed requirements on the TCs. This work will help original equipment manufacturers model TCs more accurately to ensure safe and efficient operation.