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Journal articles on the topic 'Acrylic colors'
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Patil, Anuprita, Rahul Anand, and Pratiksha Mahajan. "Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India Ink for Their Use as a Surgical Margin Inks in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2015): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1308.
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ABSTRACT Objective To compare acrylic color and India ink for their use as a surgical margin. Since, acrylic paints are available in multiple colors, they can be used to mark different surgical margins with different specific colors. Materials and methods The study was carried out on 30 surgically excised and formalin fixed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens. Four surgical margins of each 15 specimens were marked with India ink and the remaining were marked with acrylic colors. The grossed specimens were then processed using routine histopathology technique. The 4 mm sections of tissue block were cut using microtome and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Various macroscopic and microscopic parameters were used to study the suitability of acrylic color as surgical ink. Results Three different technicians found equal ease of application for acrylic color and India ink. The drying time for acrylic color (1.30 ± 0.009 minutes) was significantly less than India ink (2.30 ± 0.05 minutes). Out of total 60 blocks made for acrylic colors, 52 (86.66%) displayed clear visibility on paraffin blocks (93.33%). In contrast, out of 60 blocks made for India ink, only 34 showed faint visibility on paraffin blocks (56.66%). All acrylic colors were visible very clearly and uninterruptedly under the microscope, while three (5%) surgical margins stained with India ink were interrupted. With the acrylic colors, no contamination or staining of other tissues, processing fluids and solutions were reported. However, with India ink, three (5%) samples reported contamination in alcohol and xylene. There was no interference with the microscopic interpretation of nuclear and cellular details for both acrylic color and India ink whatsoever. Conclusion Acrylic colors are more suitable as surgical ink over India ink because of its availability in different colors, ease of application, faster drying time, and no contamination with processing fluids, easy availability and excellent visibility on paraffin blocks and under microscope. Moreover, if needed, painting with multiple colors could also help in reassessment of surgical margins of the gross specimen in the future. How to cite this article Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S, Mahajan P, Anand R, Patil A. Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India Ink for Their Use as a Surgical Margin Inks in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. World J Dent 2015;6(1):26-30.
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Reis, Ricardo César dos, Reinaldo Brito e. Dias, and Jose Carlos Mesquita Carvalho. "Evaluation of iris color stability in ocular prosthesis." Brazilian Dental Journal 19, no. 4 (2008): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402008000400015.
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Accurate iris reproduction in the fabrication of ocular prosthesis in order to match the remaining eye is a key factor to mask the loss and achieve an esthetic outcome for anophthalmic patients. This study evaluated the stability of acrylic paints used for replicating iris color in ocular prostheses by the analysis of two factors: the temperature of the acrylic resin polymerization cycle during prosthesis fabrication and the incidence of sun light, which is the main photodegrading agent undermining the longevity of ocular prostheses. An accelerated aging assay was used for both analyses. Specimens simulating the prosthetic iris in the colors blue, yellow, black, brown and green were fabricated, and were submitted to a colorimetric reading before and after undergoing the thermal conditions of acrylic resin polymerization. Next, the specimens were submitted to an artificial accelerated aging assay with ultraviolet radiation A and weekly colorimetric readings during a 3-week period. The color change (??*) values for the four specimens painted with the same color paint were averaged and the resulting values were considered for statistical analysis. Levine's test and Student's t-test were used to analyze the influence of the temperature of the polymerization cycle during prosthesis fabrication on the color stability of each acrylic resin paint. Friedman's test for three dependent samples was used for analysis of color photodegradation as function of time. Significance level was set at 0.05 for all analyses. It was observed that, after the action of the temperature of the polymerization cycle, alteration above clinically acceptable level of ??*> 3.3 was observed only for the yellow color. After the accelerated aging assay, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) as a function of time in the green, brown, black and blue colors. Changes were clinically acceptable for the brown and black colors; slightly above the clinically acceptable limit for the green color; and significantly high and impracticable from a clinical standpoint for the blue color. There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) for the yellow color, which presented color change only a little above the clinically acceptable limit. In conclusion: 1. Only the yellow color presented alterations above the clinically acceptable levels after the polymerization cycle; 2. After accelerated aging, there was no changes in the yellow color above the clinically acceptable levels; 3. For the green color, degradation was significant and slightly above the clinically acceptable levels; 4. The black, brown and blue colors presented significant alterations as function of time; the alterations of the brown and black colors were within acceptable clinical levels, while the blue color presented a more accentuated degradation over time.
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Liu, Yi, and Jing Hu. "Investigation of Polystyrene-Based Microspheres from Different Copolymers and Their Structural Color Coatings on Wood Surface." Coatings 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010014.
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Six kinds of polystyrene (PSt)-based colloidal microspheres were synthesized by adding acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA) as comonomers in styrene emulsion polymerization. The structurally colored coatings on a wood surface were self-assembled by thermally assisted gravity deposition of these microspheres. Chemical compositions and structures of microspheres and morphological characteristics of microspheres and structural color coatings, as well as optical properties of coatings and their generated structural colors, were studied. Pure PSt microspheres had a smooth surface and uniform structure, while microspheres of copolymers had core–shell morphologies and a rough surface. Only poly(styrene-acrylic acid) (P(St-AA)) microspheres had good monodispersity and the resulting coating had a well-ordered photonic crystal structure. However, other kinds of microspheres could form short ranges of ordered amorphous photonic crystal structures and they displayed structural colors. Both the reflectivity of coatings to visible light and structural colors varied with microsphere size and self-assembly temperature.
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Retamoso, Luciana Borges, Taís de Morais Alves da Cunha, Matheus Melo Pithon, Rogério Lacerda dos Santos, Fernanda Otaviano Martins, Maria Teresa Villela Romanos, and Orlando Motohiro Tanaka. "In vitro cytotoxicity of self-curing acrylic resins of different colors." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 4 (August 2014): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.066-070.oar.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of acrylic resins of different colors over time. METHODS: Specimens were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) according to the color of the acrylic resin (Orto Class, Clássico, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil): Group 1: clear acrylic resin; group 2: pink acrylic resin; group 3: blue acrylic resin and group 4: green acrylic resin. All specimens were fabricated according to the mass manipulation technique and submitted to mechanical polishing protocol. The control was performed with an amalgam specimen (C+), a glass specimen (C-) and cell control (CC). Specimens were immersed in Minimum Eagle's Medium (MEM) and incubated for 24 h at 37o C. The extracts from the experimental material were filtered and mixed with L929 fibroblast. Cytotoxicity was evaluated at 4 different times, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h. After contact, cells were incubated for 24 h and added to 100 µ of 0.01% neutral red dye. The cells were incubated for 3 h for pigment incorporation and fixed. Cells viability was determined by a spectroscopic (BioTek, Winooski, Vermont, USA) with a 492-nm wavelength λ=492 nm). RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the experimental groups and the CC and C- groups. CONCLUSION: Clear, pink, blue and green self-curing acrylic resins fabricated by means of the mass manipulation technique and mechanically polished are not cytotoxic. Neither the pigment added to the self-curing acrylic resin nor the factor of time influenced the cytotoxicity of the material.
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Tamrin, Khairul Fikri, Kaveh Moghadasi, Marzie Hatef Jalil, Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh, and Shahrol Mohamaddan. "Laser Discoloration in Acrylic Painting of Visual Art: Experiment and Modeling." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082009.
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This study discloses a method for painting artwork using a CO2 laser. The continuous-wave laser beam, at a predetermined heat flux and a predetermined number of laser beam passes, mixes and displaces the plurality of colored polymer-based compositions, respectively, by way of melting and vaporizing them. Experiments showed a great accuracy of colors and designed patterns between the computer aided design (CAD) drawing and what was achieved after laser discoloration. It was found that lower values of power and speed provide sufficient energy and time to make a melt pool of colors and cause their vaporization from the surface. A detailed numerical simulation was performed to obtain a detailed understanding of the physics of laser interaction with paint using ABAQUS software. The comparative analysis indicated that the top layer of paint (including yellow and green colors) melted upon increasing cutting speed and employing one laser pass. For blue and red paints, two passes of lasers are required; in the case of red color, lower laser speed is also necessary to intensify the heat. This method can be applied for making art designs on each surface color because it is based on melting and vaporization using a laser.
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Brischke, Christian, Tanja Borcharding, and Uta Mengel. "Subjective Sensation of Color Differences – Determination of Thresholds Depending on Color Tones and Resolution." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-0003.
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Abstract Colors are frequently defined by three points on the L*a*b* coordinates of the CIELAB color space, and the distance between two colors can be expressed as the total color difference ΔE. In particular with respect to reproducibility of print media color differences are an important parameter, as well as for car finishes and textile dyes. Color changes are also the result of ageing and weathering which is an issue for art objects and in the building and restoration sector. However, the subjective perceptibility of color differences depends on numerous factors and general thresholds are difficult to define. This study aimed therefore on defining tolerance levels for color changes in dependence of color tones and color tone combinations as well as their resolution. In total 30 test persons evaluated samples, which had been painted with acrylic artist colors with defined color differences (ΔE = 0–7). The test subjects realized color differences already at ΔE = 1–4 for the highest resolution. Threshold values have been identified for different tones as well as the effect of interdependencies between tones and the level of color heterogeneity between adjacent areas.
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Potaliya, Pushpa, and Surajit Ghatak. "Augmenting the Visual Display of Museum Specimen Using Fabrica Acrylic Colors and Its Better Restoration." Indian Journal of Anatomy 5, no. 3 (2016): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.5316.12.
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Machmud, Edy. "Teknik sederhana pembuatan gigitiruan jembatan tiga unit dari komposit A simple technique to make three-unit composite bridge." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v10i1.247.
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Denture treatment has the objective to enhance mastication and aesthetics function of patients. Recently, fixedpartial dentures, crowns or bridges are popular restoration in population. The materials usually used for therestoration are acrylic, porcelain, composite, and metal. Composite is used due to patient’s unability to comeseveral times. This case report will discuss the technique of making three unit bridge using composite materials.This composite restoration is used because the colors can be matched with natural tooth colors and completed inone visit
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Khan, Mohammad Rizwan, Naushad Ahmad, Mohamed Ouladsmane, and Mohammad Azam. "Heavy Metals in Acrylic Color Paints Intended for the School Children Use: A Potential Threat to the Children of Early Age." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082375.
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Heavy metals are the harmful elements, regarded as carcinogens. Nevertheless, owing to their physical and chemical properties, they are still used in the production of several commercial products. Utilization of such products increases the chance for the exposure of heavy metals, some of them are categorized as probable human carcinogens (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Exposure of heavy metals to school children at early age can result severe life time health issues and high chance of emerging cancer. Thus, we have performed study relating to the presence of heavy metals in acrylic color paints commonly used by the school children. Acrylic paints of different colors were assayed for seven potential heavy metals manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using microwave digestion and iCAPQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The optimized method including paints digestion reagents nitric acid (HNO3, 65%, 5 mL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF, 40%, 2 mL) have offered excellent method performance with recovery values ranged between 99.33% and 105.67%. The elements were identified in all of the analyzed samples with concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 372.59 µg/g. Cd constitutes the lower percentage (0.05%), whereas Zn constitutes high ratio contribution which was tremendously high (68.33%). Besides, the paints contamination was also color specific, with considerably total heavy metal concentrations found in brunt umber (526.57 µg/g) while scarlet color (12.62 µg/g) contained lower amounts. The outcomes of our investigation highlight the necessity for guidelines addressing the heavy metals in acrylic color paints intended for the school children usage.
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Liu, Yi, Jing Hu, and Zhihui Wu. "Fabrication of Coatings with Structural Color on a Wood Surface." Coatings 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010032.
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A facile method for the fabrication of colloidal photonic crystal coatings with tunable structural color on a wood surface was presented. The photonic crystal coatings were formed from monodisperse latex spheres composed of poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)). The latex spheres with a hard PSt core and elastomeric P(MMA-AA) shell were prepared using the emulsion polymerization method. The sessile drop method, a rapid single-step self-assembly method through simple evaporation of emulsion, was used to form three-dimensional colloidal crystals. Coatings with brilliant colors and uniform Bragg’s diffraction covering the entire visible region were fabricated by controlling the sphere size. This simple method provided new insight into the development of wood color embellishment.
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Pratima. "MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF COLORS IN PAINTING: SYMBOLICALLY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3646.
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Character balance means the orderly combination of characters in a picture. That is, color is a big subject in painting and the combination of colors in the picture is very important. The importance of colors in Indian painting has been from prehistoric times to modern times. The inspiration of the artist's inner expressions in the painting is displayed through paintings. Art takes birth in the painter's emotions. It develops only from unconscious unknown depths of mind. Picture has been an important medium in transforming these feelings into realization. Colors have their own distinct significance, as well as colors have their own expressions and language, they have a deep connection with human emotions. In the Indian aesthetic philosophy, the colors described in the pictures have different meanings, such as white color symbolizes peace and satvikta, red symbolizes valor and valor, black evils and mental instincts. The medium of use of colors in painting has varied from prehistoric times to modern times, such as natural color, mineral color, acrylic color, watercolor etc. Till date, paints have been filled in the paintings by the painter in all these mediums. Examples of this include the fresco depiction style in Ajanta, the Mughal period hill, Rajasthani tempra, Renaissance period waters, etc. Using the above colors in the paintings, the picture depicts the beauty, elegance and emotion, the artist who is inspired by the very passion and inspiration, displays the colors through different pictures. Color stimulates the painter's expressions in the picture. Under the publication of "Indian Society of Oriental Art" by Avanindranath Thakur for the knowledge of art renaissance and picture-making, in reference to 'Alakhri painting' in the fourth place among the 64 arts mentioned in 'Kamasutra' in the booklet 'Shadang'. Detailed discussion is made about the six limbs. In these six organs, importance is shown in the sixth order of the alphabet, i.e. the color picture. In this, the knowledge of full color combination depicted by the painter, their symbolic, detailed interpretation of meaning and rules. Similarly, it has been said in the Natyasastra - 'Varnaam tu vidhim gatva and prakritimeva ch kuryadangasya rachanam', that is, by understanding the method and nature of the varna, the figure should be formed. With this, the development of art skills in the artist and the viewer realizes the importance of colors in the painting.
वर्ण संतुलन का अर्थ चित्र में वर्णों का सुव्यवस्थित संयोजन। अर्थात् चित्रकला में रंग एक बड़ा विषय है और चित्र में रंगों की संयोजना बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण है। भारतीय चित्रकला में रंगों का महत्व प्रागैतिहासिक काल से लेकर आधुनिक काल तक रहा है। चित्रकला में कलाकार के आंतरिक भावों की अभिप्रेरणा चित्रों के माध्यम से प्रदर्शित होती है। कला चित्रकार के मनोभावों में जन्म लेती है। यह मन की अचेतन अज्ञात गहराईयों से ही विकसित होती है। इन भावनाओं को साकार रूप में परिवर्तित करने में चित्र महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम रहा है। रंगांे का अपना ही अलग महत्व रहा है इसके साथ ही रंगों की अपनी भावभंगिमा व भाषा होती है, इनका मानवीय भावनाओं से गहरा संबंध होता है। भारतीय सौन्दर्य-दर्शन में चित्रों में वर्णित रंगों का अर्थ अलग-अलग है, जैसे- सफेद रंग शांति और सात्विकता का प्रतीक, लाल शौर्य और वीरता का प्रतीक, काला बुराईयों व मानसिक वृत्तियों इत्यादि। चित्रकला में प्रागैतिहासिक काल से लेकर आधुनिक काल तक रंगों के प्रयोग का माध्यम भिन्न-भिन्न रहा है, जैसे- प्राकृतिक रंग, खनिज रंग, एक्रेलिक रंग, जलरंग आदि। अभी तक इन सभी माध्यमों में चित्रकार द्वारा चित्रों में रंग भरे जाते रहे हैं। इसके उदाहरणों में अजन्ता में फ्रेस्को चित्रण शैली, मुगलकालीन पहाड़ी, राजस्थानी टेम्परा, पुनर्जागरणकाल जलरंग आदि। चित्रों में उपर्युुक्त रंगों का प्रयोग कर चित्र में सौन्दर्य, लावण्य व भावों का निरूपण होता है, जिस कलाकार बहुत ही तन्मयता व अंतःप्रेरणा से प्रेरित हो रंगों को विभिन्न चित्रों के माध्यम से प्रदर्शित करता है। रंग चित्र में चित्रकार के भावों को उदीप्त करता है। अवनीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर द्वारा कला के पुनर्जागरण व चित्र-सृजन के ज्ञान हेतु “इण्डियन सोसायटी आॅफ ओरिएन्टल आर्ट” के प्रकाशन के अंतर्गत ‘षडांग’ नामक पुस्तिका में ‘कामसूत्र’ में वर्णित 64 कलाओं में चैथे स्थान पर ‘आलेख्य चित्रकला’ के सन्दर्भ में चित्रकला के छः अंगों के बारे में विस्तृत विवेचना की है। इन छः अंगों में छठे क्रम में वर्णिकाभंग अर्थात् रंगों के चित्र में महत्व को दर्शाया गया है। इसमें चित्रकार द्वारा चित्रण पूर्ण रंग संयोजन का ज्ञान, उनकी प्रतीकात्मक, अर्थ व नियमों का विस्तृत विवेचन है। इसी प्रकार नाट्यशास्त्र में कहा गया है कि- ‘वर्णनाम तु विधिम् गत्वा तथा प्रकृतिमेव च कुर्यादंगस्य रचनाम्’, अर्थात् वर्ण की विधि और प्रकृति को समझकर ही आकृति को बनाना चाहिए। इससे कलाकार में कला-कौशल का विकास व दर्शक को चित्रकला में रंगों के महत्व का बोध होता है।
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Barzyk, Magdalena, Joanna Smardz, and Włodzimierz Więckiewicz. "Spectrophotometric evaluation of 5-layer acrylic teeth hyperpigmentation caused by selected food colors: In vitro study." Dental and Medical Problems 55, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/dmp/87116.
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Sungur, Şana, and Fatih Gülmez. "Determination of Metal Contents of Various Fibers Used in Textile Industry by MP-AES." Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640271.
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The concentrations of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) in various textile fibers (cotton, acrylic, polyester, nylon, viscose, and polypropylene) of different colors (red, white, green, blue, yellow, orange, black, brown, purple, pink, navy, burgundy, beige, and grey) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). Textile fibers were collected from the various textile plants in Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Heavy metals concentrations in all examined textile fibers after wet digestion were found to be high, whereas in the artificial sweat extract they were low. The only lead concentrations in textile fibers analyzed after extraction in the artificial sweat solution were found higher than limit values given by Oeko-Tex.
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Costa e Silva, Débora da, Sanmya Beatriz da Silva Pereira Tiradentes, Rosana Cristina Pereira Parente, and Maria Fulgência Costa Lima Bandeira. "Color change using HSB color system of dental resin composites immersed in different common Amazon region beverages." Acta Amazonica 39, no. 4 (2009): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672009000400024.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro the color stability of composite resins when exposed to beverages with high coloring contents from the Amazon region. 240 samples from four different composite brands (Natural Look, Z350, 4Seasons and Opallis) of hue A3 were fabricated using an acrylic matrix. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours. The initial color (T0) was registered using a Canon EOS Rebel XTi 10 mp camera, and then the samples were divided into four groups (n=15): G1 (coffee), G2 (açaí juice), G3 (energetic guaraná) and G4 (control - distilled water). The samples were exposed to solutions of DES (6hs) and RE (18hs) and placed in a double boiler under constant agitation, at 37ºC for 30 days. The samples were immersed in the coloring solutions for 15 minutes daily. After 7, 15 and 30 days, new photographic registers were made (T1, T2 and T3). The images were analyzed using Corel PHOTO-PAINT 12 software to identify the colors through the HSB system. The Kruskal-Wallis and t tests (p<0.05) demonstrated significant differences in color (hue, saturation and brightness). The results revealed that none of the tested composites showed color stability when exposed to coloring solutions, and that the Amazon region beverages (açaí juice and energetic guaraná) showed to be less coloring than coffee.
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Bhochhibhoya, Amar, and S. Mathema. "An Alternate Technique to Simplify the Process of Painting Ocular Prosthesis with the Use of Acrylic Colors." Journal of Nepalese Prosthodontic Society 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnprossoc.v1i1.23854.
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Ríos-Osuna, Luis A., Angel Licea-Claverie, F. Paraguay-Delgado, and Norma A. Cortez-Lemus. "Synthesis of Poly(styrene-acrylates-acrylic acid) Microspheres and Their Chemical Composition towards Colloidal Crystal Films." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4527526.
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In this paper, polystyrene colloidal microspheres have been prepared using hexyl acrylate (HA), ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), isooctyl acrylate (IOA), butyl acrylate (BA), or isobutyl acrylate (IBA) as comonomers. Microspheres with diameters from 212 to 332 nm and with a polystyrene content of 65–78% were prepared. The particles prepared in this work do not present the typical core-shell structure; as a consequence, DSC analysis showed that the microspheres exhibited only one Tg. TEM images show that the particles with comonomer content below ~30% were spherical and regular. Microspheres containing comonomer between 21 to 25% produced the less brittle films showing very iridescent colors. The films prepared from microspheres containing hexyl, ethylhexyl, and isooctyl acrylate as comonomers are firmly attached to the substrate due to their adhesive properties. The large decrease of the fragility observed in these films makes them much more attractive materials in sensing applications.
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Rossi, Stefano, Hampus Lindmark, and Michele Fedel. "Colored Paints Containing NIR-Reflective Pigments Exposed to Accelerated Ultraviolet Radiation Aging with Possible Application as Roof Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111135.
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This study aims to evaluate the difference in thermal behavior among paints with the presence of traditional and NIR pigments by means of a simple and cheap laboratory-scale test. Considering these goals, the thermal and esthetical properties of two different cool coatings were assessed, highlighting their positive and limited aspects. Two different complex near-infrared inorganic reflective (NIR) pigments with yellow and black respectably colors were mixed in an acrylic waterborne copolymer binder. The paint formulations were applied on steel panels. The thermal performance of the coatings was investigated in the NIR-region of the light spectrum by exposing the samples to an IR-lamp. The outer and inner surface temperatures of the painted panels were recorded using thermocouples and an IR camera. The samples were aged by artificial UV-B light exposure. Color and specular gloss changes at different exposure times were evaluated. The behavior of the cool coatings was compared with that of conventional coatings with similar color characteristics. The black cool coating achieved a maximum temperature decrease, compared to the conventional black one, of approximately 12 °C. The stability for the cool coatings was very similar to that of the conventional coating, indicating that black pigment could be a potential candidate for cool-coating applications. The yellow cool coatings did not show a significant decrease in temperature compared to the conventional paint. The gloss and color changes resulted as influenced by the types and amount of pigments.
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McMahon, M. J., J. W. Kelly, and D. R. Decoteau. "Spectral Transmittance of Selected Greenhouse Construction and Nursery Shading Material." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 8, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-8.3.118.
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Abstract Spectral transmittance properties of several greenhouse construction and shading materials were determined by measuring the quantity and quality of solar radiation transmission on non-clouded (sunny) days at solar noon. Spectral transmittance parameters included photosynthetic radiation (400–700 nm) and photomorphogenic radiation (660 nm (red light), 730 nm (far-red light), and 400–500 nm (blue light). Light available for photosynthesis was measured as photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic radiation (PI). Photomorphogenic radiation was measured as far-red/red (FR/R) and blue light. Greenhouse construction materials included glass, chambered acrylic, chambered polycarbonate, and inflated plastic film. Various shade materials of different colors were evaluated. Photosynthetically active radiation transmission of construction materials ranged from approximately 95% transmission of direct sunlight with Exolite to less than 50% with tinted Lexan. Far-red/red values of shade materials ranged from 0.94 for Enduro Green to 5.58 for Cravo LS-7.
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Fazilati, Amirhosein, Nader Mokhtarian, Ali Mohammad Latifi, and Mohammad Fazilati. "Synthesis of Acrylic Acid Polymer Hydrogel Nano Fe3O4 to Remove Ammonia from Sugarcane Field Waste." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (October 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9204523.
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Ammonia is the most essential hydrogenated nitrogen composition that can cause problems when it enters the environment. One of the most important natural and synthetic adsorbents is hydrogels, which can reduce the economic costs of treating industrial effluents and minimize the concentration of ammonia in the drainage of sugarcane fields. In this study, carrageenan, which is a type of polysaccharide, and acrylic acid were used to prepare nanomagnetic hydrogels. Also, the effect of pH, concentration, and temperature on the amount of ammonia adsorption was analyzed by the spectrophotometer, and finally, the adsorption property of the hydrogel was analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of scanning electron microscopy show that there are holes in the hydrogel surface that increase the rate of adsorption. Experimental data from the spectrophotometer show that the rate of ammonia adsorption increases by about 50% over 80 minutes as its concentration in the effluent increases. The inflation rate of these hydrogels was selected to be 991.52 (mg/g) under optimal conditions, and the nanomagnetic hydrogel adsorption capacity remained constant at a pH range of 4 to 9, while when the pH was below four or above 9, the capacity of adsorption shows a slight decrease. Adsorption by acrylic hydrogels is significant. There is an issue that by modifying the acrylic compounds in the production of the hydrogel, it is possible to absorb the heavy elements or colors in the best way and also to achieve high efficiency. Also, by increasing the amount of adsorbent nanomagnetic hydrogel up to 40 mg led to the adsorption of 89.16%, 32.50%, and 31.11% of ammonia in three pools of the test site, respectively. The results also show that the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in the hydrogel substrate has increased thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) which shows that at 650 degrees centigrade, kappa-carrageenan, hydrogels, and nanomagnetic hydrogels have a weight loss of 72.66%, 58.79%, and 52.39%, respectively. Studies have shown that the kappa-carrageenan-based hydrogel nanocomposite is more cost-effective, while it is more efficient at absorbing NH4+. Therefore, this adsorbent can be a promising material in terms of economic as well as its effectiveness in eliminating ammonia from sewage. Investigations were performed for ammonia desorption and the reusability of nanomagnetic hydrogels. Also, the rate of ammonia adsorption by nanomagnetic hydrogels after 6 cycles of recovery cycle using NaCl can be about 43% of the initial rate. All statistical studies were performed by Minitab software version 18 and considering p value = 0.05.
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ALAKI, Yutaka. "Acrylic Color." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 75, no. 11 (2002): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.75.544.
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Constantinovici, Andrei, Mihaela Păuna, Oana Cella Andrei, Titus Farcaşiu, Adriana Bisoc, Livia Alice Tănăsescu, Nicoleta Măru, and Ionel Iosif. "Comparative study regarding the chromatic distribution among anterior maxillary denture teeth in relation to color variation among natural anterior maxillary teeth." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.4.1.
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Objective. The aim of this study was to check whether the ways in which the color of anterior maxillary teeth varies in artificial dental sets matches the way in which color varies in the anterior maxillary natural dentition. Material and method. One examiner, free of any visual color deficiencies, experienced in the use of intraoral shade matching devices, has studied the chromatic behavior within the maxillary anterior dental group (13-23) for 8 types of artificial denture teeth sets. Four of these sets are made out of acrylic resin: Star Lux (Ruthinium Grup, Italia), Vita MTF (Vita, North America), Spofadent Plus (SpofaDent s.a, Cehia) and Acry Rock (Ruthinium Grup, Italia), 2 sets are made of composite resin: Ivoclar Ivostar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein) and Pigeon Summit (Pigeon Dental, China) and 2 of them are ceramic sets of denture teeth: Vita Lumin Vacuum (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germania) and Enta Ceram (Enta B.V., Olanda). With the help of the Vita Easy Shade (Vita Zahnfabrik – Germany), CIEL*a*b* chromatic parameters have been recorded for each tooth. 5 distinct measurements were carried out for every tooth. The results were later compared to the values obtained when measuring color variation in natural anterior maxillary teeth. When calculating the relative color difference between two teeth, the following formula has been used: (1) For each set of denture teeth, the variation of color between every two adjacent teeth was noted and compared to the color variation between the correspondent natural teeth. The mean difference between these two results was compared to the ADA limit value for human eye perceptibility of color difference (2 units). Results. The following aspects have been noted: some sets of denture teeth, for certain groups of teeth, show a similar chromatic behavior to natural teeth whereas other doesn’t. For the pair of teeth 13/12, only 4 of the studied sets of denture teeth showed an unperceivable difference in color variation when compared to natural dentition (Spofadent Plus, Star Lux, Vita Lumin Vacuum, and Ivoclar Ivostar). 5 is the number of matching sets of denture teeth for the 12/11 pair (Star Lux, Spofadent Plus, Vita MTF, Pigeon Summit, and Vita Lumin Vacuum), 5 sets also matched for the 11/21 pair (Vita Lumin Vacuum, Acry Rock, Ivoclar Ivostar, Star Lux, and Spofadent Plus). For the pair 21/22 5 matching sets were found (Spofadent Plus, Ivoclar Ivostar, Vita MTF, Acry Rock, Star Lux) and no matching sets were found for the 22/23 pair of teeth. Within the limits of this study we can affirm that using the Spofadent Plus set of denture teeth would lead to prosthetic results that show a variation of color within the anterior maxillary dental group most similar to natural teeth. Conclusions. Despite the fact that they bare the same name code, different sets of denture teeth produced by different brands have different colors, irrespective of the material they are made of. Chromatic behaviour, from one tooth to the next also differs from one make to another. The field of color in artificial denture teeth requires supplementary attention. The conclusions of this study set a general direction that can be followed in future studies.
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Costa, Ítalo Alisson da Fonsêca, and Emilena Maria Castor Xisto Lima. "Effect of colorant solutions on the color stability of provisional prosthetic materials." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 17 (June 5, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v17i0.8652654.
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Aim: To evaluate the color stability of acrylic and bis-acrylic resins after immersion in 3 staining solutions. Methods: Forty-eight samples (10 x 2 mm) of each provisional restorative material (Duralay, Dencrilay, Structur 2 and Protemp 4) were fabricated and distributed into four groups (n = 12): G1 – distilled water (control group); G2 – a cola flavored soft drink; G3 – wine and G4 – coffee. The specimens were immersed for seven days at 37°C in the solutions, which were changed every 24 hours. The color of all specimens was measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance) before (T0) and after immersion (T1), and the color changes (ΔE) were calculated. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, followed by Dunn’s test with a significance level of 5%. Results: For the acrylic resins (Duralay and Dencrilay), the largest color change values were obtained in group G4 – coffee, whereas in the bis-acrylic resins (Protemp 4 and Structur 2), the largest color difference was observed in groups G3 – wine and G4 – coffee. The acrylic resins showed statistically significantly less color change than the bis-acrylic resins. Conclusions: The coffee and the wine promoted larger color changes in the provisional prosthetic materials tested in this study. The acrylic resins showed more color stability than the bis-acrylic resins.
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Wetzel, Alexandre Emmanuel, Ada-Ioana Bunea, Einstom Engay, Nikolaj Kofoed Mandsberg, Nuria del Castillo Iniesta, Anja Boisen, Kirstine Berg-Sørensen, and Rafael Taboryski. "Bioinspired Microstructures Polymer Surfaces with Antireflective Properties." Engineering Proceedings 4, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micromachines2021-09548.
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Antireflective (AR) coatings have been around for more than a century, with the simplest form dating back to Lord Rayleigh’s 1886 tarnished glass. Different approaches to obtaining AR coatings exploit index-matching, interference, or absorbing phenomena. In 2002, a novel super black surface was developed by Brown et al. at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK and soon gained significant interest among both academia and industry. Since then, scientists have been competing in a race to produce the blackest material. Although extremely valuable, existing solutions usually require complicated fabrication procedures and post-application treatments. Structural colors are ubiquitous in nature, so an interesting approach to developing AR coatings is biomimicry. Moth-eye structures are well-known for their AR properties, and they have been successfully replicated using micro- and nanofabrication methods and employed as AR coatings. Interestingly, recent studies from Harvard University highlight two types of microstructures that lead to super black coloring in nature, i.e., barbule microstructures on birds of paradise and cuticular bumps on peacock spiders. These publications provide detailed information on the shape of such natural super black microstructures and mechanisms behind the observed super black effect. Although the replication of such structures should prove extremely valuable, it has not yet been demonstrated. In this paper, we present the fabrication and characterization of AR microarrays inspired by the peacock spiders’ super black structures encountered in nature. Fabrication is done by super-resolution three-dimensional (3D) printing using two-photon polymerization of an acrylic resin. The optical properties of microstructure arrays with different shape design parameters are then characterized using a homemade reflectance/transmittance setup, which allows wavelength-dependent investigations in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges. The influence of the shape design parameters on the optical properties of the microarrays is then discussed with experimental measurements as well as simulations.
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Pengasih, Dea, Debby Saputera, and Bayu Indra Sukmana. "THE IMMERSION EFFECT OF MIXTURE OF SMALL WHITE GINGER AND GARLIC EXTRACT ON COLOR CHANGES OF ACRYLIC PLATE." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v5i1.8115.
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Background: Heat cured acrylic resin is often used as a component of denture. One of the heat cured acrylic resin properties is water absorption that affects the change in acrylic color. An alternative using natural compound to minimize side effect is arising when compared to synthetic materials. A mixture of small white ginger and garlic extract can be used as natural denture cleanser. Objective: This study aimed to know the color changes of heat cured resin plate that immersed in a mixture of 70% small white ginger and 10% garlic extract. Method: This was a true experimental study with pretest and posttest with control group design, using simple random sampling. The sample was cylindrical acrylic with 15 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The research was done using 18 samples heat cured acrylic resins which were divided into 3 groups, the mixture of 70% small white ginger and 10% garlic extract, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water. The color change of the sample was tested using digital analysis tools set. Results: The mean value of color changes in heat cured acrylic resin plate after immersion in a group of mixed extracts, alkaline peroxide, and distilled water were 6.23, 3.65 and 2.48. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA parametric test and Dunnet T3 Post Hoc test. Conclusion: There is a difference in color changes of heat cured resin plate after the immersion in a mixture of extract and alkaline peroxide. Acrylic resin that immersed in mixed extract demonstrates a higher value of color change.
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Nandal, Shikha, Pankaj Ghalaut, Himanshu Shekhawat, and Manmeet Gulati. "New Era in Denture Base Resins: A Review." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 01, no. 03 (December 2013): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671969.
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AbstractIn past, the materials used for denture bases were vulcanite, celluloid & phenol formaldehyde. Acrylic resins were introduced to dentistry in 1930's. There are certain limitations of acrylics like residual monomer allergy, poor mechanical strength, low fatigue strength, brittle on impact, poor conductors of heat, low hardness, high coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal shrinkage, poor color stability of self-cured resins, porosity, crazing, warpage, poor adhesion to metal and porcelain and requirement of mechanical retention. But still they are the most widely used denture base materials till date. But recently there has been much advancement in the field of denture base resins to overcome their drawbacks and to obtain an ideal denture base material. This article reviews the various advancements in the field of denture base resins.
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Tunggal, Evan G., Moh Dharmautama, and Eri H. Jubhari. "Perubahan warna basis akrilik setelah penggunaan pasta pembersih gigitiruan rosella (The changes of acrylic base color after using roselle pasta denture cleanser)." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v14i1.421.
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This clinical experimental study was aimed to determine the effect of roselle denture cleanser paste usage on acrylicbase color degradation. Acrylic base color degradation was assessed by providing roselle denture cleanser to 5subjects to be used every day. In month 3, 6 and 9, data collection were performed by a professional photographer andassessed by CIELab system. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and friedman two ways. Acrylic base color, beforeand after pasta using, showed a statistically significant difference in the 6thand 9thmonth. In conclusion, acrylic basecolor changes after using of pasta for 9 months
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Mazaro, José Vitor Quinelli, Luiz Miguel Minani, Adriana Cristina Zavanelli, Caroline Cantieri de Mello, and Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos. "Evaluation of color stability of different temporary restorative materials." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 44, no. 5 (October 6, 2015): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.0017.
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AbstractIntroductionTemporary restorative materials are widely used, however, little is know about their color stability.Objectiveto evaluate the color stability of the following temporary restorative materials: acrylic and bis-acrylic resins after immersion in pigmenting solutions for different periods of storage.Material and methodFour materials were tested (Dêncor/Clássico, Protemp 4/3M ESPE; Structur 2 SC/Voco; Luxatemp AM Plus/DMG) and 30 test specimens (15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) per material were fabricated. They were divided according to the storage medium (artificial saliva, saliva + cola type soda, and saliva + coffee) and storage time intervals (2, 5, 7 and 15 days). Color measurements were made before and after immersions, with use of a spectrophotometer, by means of the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and the Tukey Test, at a level of significance of 5%.ResultAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). When bis-acrylic resins were compared no significant difference was observed between the resins Structur and Luxatemp (p=0.767). As regards solutions tested, coffee showed the highest color change values (p<0.001), and the longer the storage time interval, the greater was the color change in all the temporary restorative materials analyzed (p<0.001).ConclusionAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). Coffee caused the greatest color change, and immersion time was determinant in color stability of the temporary materials analyzed.
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Lekha, K., and H. Dharanendra Kumar. "The Effect of Outdoor Weathering on Color Stability of Silicone and Acrylic Resin, Pigments-A Comparative Evaluation: An in vitro Study." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 5, no. 3 (2015): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1135.
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ABSTRACT Maxillofacial prosthetic materials either resin or elastomer used for the fabrication of facial prostheses have their own physical and mechanical properties. Maxillofacial prosthesis frequent replacement because the elastomer or acrylic resin and its pigments undergo color changes. Purpose Evaluate the effect of outdoor weathering on color stability of silicone and heat-cure acrylic with two different pigments. Materials and methods Total of 80 circular disk specimens, 40 silicone elastomer and 40 heat-cure clear acrylic resin were fabricated in the prepared mold and two dry earth pigments burnt sienna and cobalt blue was added to the specimens and it was subjected to simulated outdoor weathering. Before and after weathering, CIE values of both control and weathering groups were recorded by using spectrophotometer and tabulated. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Silicone elastomer with burnt sienna showed more color change when exposed to weathering followed by silicone with cobalt blue. Heat-cure with cobalt blue had shown some color change, heat-cure and burnt sienna were the most color stable. Conclusion From the study, it can be concluded that heat-cure acrylic resin with burnt sienna most color stable than silicone elastomer. How to cite this article Lekha K, Kumar HD, Meshramkar R, Nadiger RK. The Effect of Outdoor Weathering on Color Stability of Silicone and Acrylic Resin, Pigments-A Comparative Evaluation: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(3):81-85.
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Elagra, Marwa I., Mohammad R. Rayyan, Maisam M. Alhomaidhi, Areej A. Alanaziy, and Mona O. Alnefaie. "Color stability and marginal integrity of interim crowns: An in vitro study." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 03 (July 2017): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_66_17.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Many commercial dental materials are used to fabricate interim restorations. This study aimed to compare the color stability and the marginal integrity of four different interim crown materials. Materials and Methods: An ivorine right maxillary central incisor was prepared for a full coverage all-ceramic restoration. A total of 36 specimens in the form of crowns were fabricated on the master die using four different materials (n = 9); Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin (TrimPLUS), PMMA computer-aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks (Ceramill TEMP), cold cure bis-acryl resin (Success CD), and bis-acryl resin dual-cure composite (TempSpan). Color change ΔE for each sample was calculated by measuring its color as Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L* a* b* with a spectrophotometer before and after immersing in a concentrated tea solution for 7 days. Marginal gap was measured at four reference points using stereomicroscope at ×40. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey multiple comparisons test were used to determine any statistically significant difference between the four groups, (α = 0.05). Results: Success CD showed significantly the greatest color change (7.7) among all the tested materials, while no significant difference was found between the other three materials. TempSpan showed significantly the highest marginal gap formation (430.15 μm), while no significant difference was found between the three other materials. Conclusions: Bis-acryl resin composite materials demonstrated clinically noticeable change in color while PMMA materials demonstrated superior color stability. Dual cure interim materials exhibited significantly higher marginal discrepancy in comparison to PMMA and cold cure bis-acrylic resin materials. CAD-CAM PMMA material exhibited the best color stability and marginal integrity.
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Adiana, Ika Devi, Trimurni Abidin, and Lasminda Syafiar. "Color stability of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin denture base after addition of high molecular nano chitosan." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 49, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i4.p185-188.
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Background: The addition of other ingredients to maintain color stability of heat polymerized polymethylmethacrylate is being developed. One of them is by adding high molecular nano chitosan. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the color stability of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin after an addition of high molecular nano chitosan. Method: 30 sample pieces of acrylic plate (40x10x2 mm) were divied into 6 groups: control group and groups with the addition of chitosan nano gel percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.50%. 2 ml chitosan nano gel was added into the mixture of acrylic resin with 23 g : 10 ml (P : L). After the mixture was inserted into a mold and then pressed and cured at 74oC for 120 minutes and then 100o C for 60 minutes. Acrylic plates were then released from the mold and finished. Color stability of acrylic resin were measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and analyzed with a one way Anova. Result: The results showed significant differences in color stability after the addition of high molecular nano chitosan. The best color stability found in 1.0% the addition of chitosan nano gel group, the value was 0.07589 cm-1. Conclusion: The chitosan nano gel can be used to maintain color stability of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin.
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Sarjono, Gunawan Sri, Titik Ismiyati, and Endang Wahyuningtyas. "The effect of paint types toward iris color changes of ocular prosthetics." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 6, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.38706.
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Ocular prosthetics are mainly created to meet the aspect of esthetic consideration. The paint application in ocular prosthetics construction is remaining an option for Prosthodontist. This study aims to examine the effect of types of paint toward iris color change of the ocular prosthetics. Three black types of paint: oil paint (Maries Oil Color, China), automotive paint (Avian, Indonesia), and acrylic paint (Sakura, Japan) were used to paint paper disc to produce 27 iris ocular prosthetics. Chromameter was used to examine the first and the final color after acrylic processing using themicrowave. The measurement results in the process using Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage. One-way ANOVA test showed significant differences between the three types of paints on ocular prosthetics (p<0.05). The LSD test revealed that oil paint groups had more significant results than the automotive paint group and acrylic paint group, while the automotive paint group did not have significant differences with the acrylic paint group (p>0.05). Thus, it is conclusive that oil paint influences the iris color change of the ocular prosthetics.
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Kusmawati, Fransiska Nuning, and Diah Puspitasari Kusumaningrum. "Effect of Red Dragon Fruit Juice on Acrylic Resin Color." SciMedicine Journal 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2019-0103-4.
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Background: Discoloration of denture acrylic resin base is one of the problems in appearance for patients who use them. The most common habit can cause discoloration in the denture usually associated with the patient's diet. One example is consuming red dragon fruit juice. Red dragon fruit juice contains many anthocyanin substances that can give color from colorless to purple. Furthermore, color changes indenture can also cause by the characteristic of the acrylic resin plate itself which can absorb water due to porosity. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the negative effects of consuming red dragon fruit juice solution on heat cured acrylic resin based plate. Methods: This type of research is laboratory experimental and the design of this research is pre-test post-test with control group design. The number of samples were 32 pieces selected using Simple Random Sampling method. The samples were divided into two groups, control (n = 16, distilled water solution) and tentative (n = 16, red dragon fruit juice solution). Color measurement using a digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade). The initial color of the plate was measured before immersion into dragon fruit juice. The immersion period were 7 days to 14 days, the color of the plates was then measured after immersion. The data analysis test used was Friedman statistical test and Mann Whitney statistical test. Findings: There were significant differences in the color of the heat-cured acrylic resin plate after 7 and 14 days of immersion in distilled water solution and red dragon fruit juice solution. Novelty: Red dragon fruit juice can cause color discoloration on heat cured acrylic resin based plate.
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Grieco, Peter C., John D. Da Silva, Yoshiki Ishida, and Shigemi Ishikawa-Nagai. "An In Vivo Spectrophotometric Analysis of Gingival Acrylic Shade Guide." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071768.
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Selecting shades of acrylic gingival restorative material is challenging. This study examined the shade appropriateness of five acrylic gingival restorative materials. The color was analyzed using an intraoral spectrophotometer (Crystaleye®, Olympus). The gingival color of maxillary incisors for eighty-nine patients was measured. CIELAB color coordinates (L*, a* and b*) were obtained, and the color difference ∆E (Coverage Error: CE) between shade tabs and natural gingival color of patient samples for each shade guide system were compared. Repeated ANOVA and post hoc analyses with Tukey′s HSD were performed. There was a significant difference among the mean minimum CEs of the tab sets (p < 0.01). GC Acrylic (CE = 5.89 ∆E ± 2.97) and Lucitone 199® (CE = 6.55 ± 3.33) groups exhibited CEs significantly lower than all other groups (all p < 0.001). The IvoCap® system exhibited the highest CE (10.78 ± 3.80), significantly greater than all other groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed based on sex (p = 0.055) or ethnicity (p = 0.327). The GC Acrylic and Lucitone 199® shade guides showed the lowest CEs. All guides had coverage errors above 5.89 ∆E, which is larger than ∆E thresholds of acceptability. Of the materials evaluated in this study, GC Acrylic and Lucitione 199® are best able to reproduce the clinical appearance of the gingival tissue. Many patients have tissue that cannot be reproduced accurately with currently available materials.
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Aziz, Hawraa Khalid. "TiO2-Nanofillers Effects on Some Properties of Highly- Impact Resin Using Different Processing Techniques." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010202.
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Background: The criteria of conventional curing of polymethyl methacrylate do not match the standard properties of the denture base materials. Objectives: This research was conducted to investigate the addition of TiO2 nano practical on impact strength, thermal conductivity and color stability of acrylic resin cured by microwave in comparison to the conventional cured of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: 120 specimens made of high impact acrylic resin were divided into two main groups according to the type of curing (water bath, microwave), then each group was subdivided into two groups according to the addition of 3% TiO2 nano-fillers and control group (without the addition of TiO2 0%). Each group was subdivided according to the type of test into 3 groups with 10 specimens for each group. Data were statistically analyzed using Student t-test to detect the significant differences between tested and control groups at significance level (P<0.05). Results: According to curing type methods, the results showed that there was a significant decrease in impact strength of microwaved cured resin, but there was no significant difference in the thermal conductivity and color stability of resin. In addition, by using nanofiller, there was a significant increase in the impact strength and color stability with the addition of 3% TiO2 nanofillers, but no significant difference was found in the thermal conductivity of the acrylic resin. Conclusion: The microwave curing of acrylic resin had no change in the color stability and thermal conductivity in comparison to the water bath, but the impact strength was decreased. The addition of 3% TiO2 improved the impact and the color stability, but the thermal conductivity did not change.
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Nugrahini, Sintha. "The Discoloration of Heat Cured Resin Acrylic Base After Immersed in Disinfectant Solution." SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) 5, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/sod.v5i1.2278.
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Acrylic resin dentures are a type of denture that is often used. At present the use of disinfectants to clean dentures from microorganisms, such as sodium hypochlorite and green betle leaves. Sodium hypochlorite contains chlorine, and green betle leaf extract contains tannins that containable to provide color changes in artificial teeth. The purpose of this study was to study the change in color on the hot polymerization acrylic plate after soaking with sodium hypochlorite solution and green betle leaf extract (Piper betle Linn). This study was a pre-post test control group design, the sample was heat-cured resin acrylic base plate and divided into 3 treatment groups: a group immersed in sodium hypochlorite, extract of green betel leaf and control group with aquades. The discoloration measurement was using Spectrophotometer. The sample was immersed for 15 days. Data were analyzed by paired T-test, followed by One way Anova and LSD. The results showed that there were significant color changes in the 2 treatment groups, while the control group was not significant. The mean of discoloration after immersion with Sodium Hypochlorite was 0.668 + 0.018, green betle leaf extract 30% was 0.625 + 0.024, and aquades was 0.534 + 0.0224. Color changes on heat-cured resin acrylic base plate occur by the presence of chlorine in sodium hypochlorite and tannin contained in the green betel leaf extract. This research concluded that immersion of heat-cured resin acrylic plate in sodium hypochlorite solution and 30% betle leaf extract may cause discoloration.
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Tai, Jing Lei, Guang Xue Chen, Qi Feng Chen, and Bao Ling Tang. "Study on Polyurethane-Acrylic Hybrid Emulsion Applying to Water-Based Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.3.
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Polyurethane-acrylic composite emulsion was synthesized by swelling polymerization with aqueous polyurethane dispersion as seed, and acrylic as monomers. The obtained polyurethane-acrylic (PUA) composite emulsion were characterized by means of IR spectra, and the results showed that the obtained emulsion was hybrid emulsion of polyurethane and acrylic, which had smaller particle size and higher viscosity and was more suitable for the preparation of ink. The obtained water-based PUA emulsion and alkyd resins were used as ink binder. The obtained water-based ink had good water resistance, color density, gloss and friction fastness.
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Paranhos, Helena de Freitas Oliveira, Letícia Resende Davi, Amanda Peracini, Rafael Bellini Soares, Cláudia Helena da Silva Lovato, and Raphael Freitas de Souza. "Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of microwave-polymerized acrylic resin after disinfection in sodium hypochlorite solutions." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 4 (2009): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000400012.
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This study evaluated the color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of a microwave-polymerized acrylic resin after immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), simulating 20 min of disinfection daily during 180 days. Forty disk-shaped (15 x 4 mm) and 40 rectangular (65 x 10 x 3 mm) specimens were prepared with a microwave-polymerized acrylic resin (Onda-Cryl). Specimens were immersed in either 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, Clorox/Calgon and distilled water (control). Color measurements were determined by a portable colorimeter. Three parallel lines, separated by 1.0 mm, were registered on each specimen before and after immersion procedures to analyze the surface roughness. The flexural strength was measured using a 3-point bending test in a universal testing machine with a 50 kgf load cell and a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (?=0.05). There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the solutions for color, surface roughness and flexural strength. It may be concluded that immersion in NaOCl solutions simulating short-term daily use during 180 days did not influence the color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of a microwave-polymerized acrylic resin.
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Pero, Ana Carolina, Jaqueline Ignárcio, Gabriela Giro, Danny Omar Mendoza-Marin, André Gustavo Paleari, and Marco Antonio Compagnoni. "Surface properties and color stability of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 42, no. 4 (August 2013): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-25772013000400002.
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INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of stomatitis is common since the surface characteristics of the dentures may act as reservoirs for microorganisms and have the potential to support biofilm formation. PURPOSE: To assess the surface properties (wettability/roughness) and color stability of an acrylic resin combined with the antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty disc-shaped specimens of an acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) were divided into three groups: 0% (control); 5% and 10% PTBAEMA. Surface roughness values (Ra) were measured using a profilometer and wettability was determined through contact angle measurements using a goniometer and deionized water as a test liquid. Color data were measured with a spectrophotometer. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test were used to compare roughness values. Wettability data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Color data were compared using the Student's t-test and ∆E values were classified according to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). All statistical analyses were performed considering α=.05. RESULT: Significant differences (p<.05) were detected among the groups for roughness, wettability and color stability. According to the NBS, the color changes obtained in the 5% and 10% PTBAEMA groups were "appreciable" and "much appreciable", respectively. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that PTBAEMA incorporation in an acrylic resin increased the roughness and wettability of surfaces and produced color changes with clinical relevance.
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Yang, Song-Yi, and Min-Kyung Kang. "Surface Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biocompatibility of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resins Coated with Reynoutria elliptica Extract." Plants 9, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101292.
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We conducted surface characterization to assess the biocompatibility and investigate the antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in autopolymerizing acrylic resins, coated with light-curable coating resin, containing various concentrations of Reynoutria elliptica extract (0, 200, 400, and 600 µg/mL). The R. elliptica extract powder was prepared using a freeze-drying technique. Further, a goniometer and microhardness tester were used to determine the water contact angle, and Vickers hardness, respectively; color measurements were performed on the uncoated and coated acrylic resin disks. The polyphenol content of the extracts from the coated acrylic resin disk was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the coated acrylic resin disk against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was observed for 24 and 48 h by measuring the optical density using spectrophotometry. In addition, biocompatibility was confirmed by testing the cell viability according to ISO 10993-5. The water contact angle, Vickers hardness, and color change values of the coated acrylic resin disks were not significantly different from the control. Polyphenol was detected in all experimental groups, with no significant differences between the experimental groups. The experimental groups exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans compared to the control group, after 48 h of incubation. The cell viability between the control and experimental groups was not significantly different. The proposed coating resin containing R. elliptica extract is applicable on dental acrylic resins, due to their antimicrobial properties and excellent biocompatibility, with no deterioration of surface characteristics.
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Kim, Won Hee, Young Jae Jang, Ja-Yeon Kim, Myungsoo Han, MinJae Kang, Kiyong Yang, Jae-Hyun Ryou, and Min-Ki Kwon. "High-Performance Color-Converted Full-Color Micro-LED Arrays." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062112.
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Color-converted micro-LED displays consisting of mono-blue-colored micro LED arrays and color-conversion materials have been used to achieve full color while reliving the transfer and epitaxial growth of three different-colored micro LEDs. An efficient technique is suggested to deposit the color-conversion layers on the blue micro LEDs by using a mixture of photo-curable acrylic and nano-organic color-conversion materials through the conventional lithography technique. This study attempts to provide a solution to fabricate full-color micro-LED displays.
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BRISSAUD, Ivan, Gérard LAGARDE, and Pierre MIDY. "STUDY OF COLOUR MULTILAYERS IN A PAINTING BY PIXE TECHNIQUE." International Journal of PIXE 07, no. 01n02 (January 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083597000023.
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A new procedure for the investigation of acrylic paint layers superposed on an aluminim foil has been recently suggested. The experimental technique consisted in a series of PIKE analyses at various incident proton energies. The sequence of colours and the thicknesses of the layers were established very satisfactorily. Here, we apply this technique to a painting made with six acrylic colours from Liquitex Inc. Analyses at various points yield a good agreement with the information given by the painter. In this article we report on the results obtained for one of the points and we present and discuss the ingredients required by the computation.
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Motayagheni, Roza, Zia Ebrahim Adhami, Seyede Mahsa Taghizadeh Motlagh, Fereshte Mehrara, and Neda Yasamineh. "Color changes of three different brands of acrylic teeth in removable dentures in three different beverages: An in vitro study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 14, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2020.034.
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Background. The best prosthetic appliances exhibit a high level of similarity to the lost organ. Color should exhibit favorable stability, as a critical factor in the esthetic appearance of dental prostheses and materials used in fabricating prostheses. The present in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate color changes of three different brands of acrylic resin teeth in three different beverages. Methods. In this in vitro study, 10 samples from each brand of acrylic resin tooth (Ivoclar, Italy; BStar, Iran; and BetaDent, Iran) were immersed in the following beverages for one week: tea, orange juice, natural carrot juice, and distilled water (control). The color parameters were measured using the spectrophotometry technique before and after immersion, and changes were calculated. The same procedures were carried out with the same number of samples at 30-day interval. Data were analyzed with multivariate ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results. After seven days, Ivoclar and BStar brands exhibited the minimum (1.78) and maximum (3.39) color changes, respectively (P<0.05). At the 30-day interval, the Ivoclar and BetaDent brands exhibited the minimum (3.03) and maximum (4.27) color changes, respectively (P<0.05). At the 7-day interval, carrot juice, orange juice and tea, in descending order, caused the maximum and minimum color changes. At the 30-day interval, carrot juice resulted in maximum color changes (P<0.05); orange juice, and tea caused similar color changes (P>0.05). Conclusion. Different beverages resulted in color changes with different patterns in different brands of acrylic resin teeth. Overall, the Ivoclar brand exhibited less color changes compared to BStar and BetaDent brands. In the first week, all the three brands and in 30 days, Ivoclar and BStar brands exhibited clinically acceptable color changes.
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Barakzehi, Marjan, Fatemeh Asadi, and Ali Akbar Ghareh Aghaji. "Effect of the fabric color on the visual perception of pilling." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2015-0125.
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Purpose Pilling is a fabric surface fault comprising of small, fuzzy balls on the surface of a fabric that leads to poor handle and quality. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the fabric color in terms of depth and hue on the visual perception of pilling on the fabric surface. Design/methodology/approach Acrylic fabrics were prepared at various color depths and hues and then were applied with relatively equal amount of pilling on the surface of samples. The amount of perceived pilling was evaluated by human observers by employing paired comparison method and the results were analyzed using statistical methods. Findings According to the results, color depth and the visual perception of pilling in achromatic sample were nearly independent. Color hue can be considered as an important factor in the visual perception of pilling so when the color contrast between the pill and background decreases, the visual perception of pilling decreases as well. Hence, the achromatic sample have the most amount of pilling perception whereas green and blue samples show less pilling, in visual sensation. Originality/value There is a strong demand for acrylic fabrics in apparel industry but they have high tendency for pilling formation. To overcome this problem, experts have suggested some methods to prevent or reduce pilling. If it is proved that color influences on pilling perception, an useful instruction will be available for acrylic fabric manufacturers in order to satisfy their customer with good quality of products. In this work, the authors tried to find such relationships between the color and the pilling perception for human observers.
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Ginting, Juneidi, and R. Triyanto. "TINJAUAN KETEPATAN BENTUK, GELAP TERANG, DAN WARNA PADA GAMBAR BENTUK MEDIA AKRILIK." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 9, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v9i2.20118.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hasil karya siswa SMK Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam Kelas XI Tahun ajaran 2019/2020 semester genap dalam menggambar bentuk media akrilik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh gambar buah siswa kelas XI dengan jumlah populasi=324 dan besar sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik Cluster Ramdom Sampling sebanyak = 36 karya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisi deskriptif kualitatif, dan teknik analisis data kualitatif yang terkumpul menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Penilaian menggunakan sistem Numerical rating Scale (NRS) oleh tiga validator tim ahli dengan hasil sebagai berikut. Jumlah skor (r)=79,9 (cukup baik), sudah melewati nilai KKM = 75,0. 18 karya (50,0%) memperoleh predikat C (cukup baik) dan 18 karya lainnya juga (50,0%) memperoleh predikat B (baik). Predikat A (sangat baik) dan D (kurang baik) sebanyak 0%. Skor total tertinggi (89,0) dan skor total terendah (70,4). Simpulannya kualitas karya sudah cukup baik dan kemampuan siswa dalam menggambar bentuk media akrilik sudah cukup baik. Disarankan siswa lebih mendalami lagi pengetahuan tentang menggambar bentuk media akrilik dengan cara membaca buku tentang menggambar media akrilik, atau dengan cara beratih menggunakan media akrilik, khusus materi warna dan gelap terang.Kata Kunci: akrilik, menggambar bentuk.AbstractThis research aims at finding the quality of the art creations of students of SMK Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam grade XI academic year 2019/2020 even semester in the shape drawing on the acrylic media. The population of this research consists of all the art products created by the students of grade XI with the quantity of 324 and the size of the sample was determined with cluster random sampling technique to compile 36 products. This research is using qualitative descriptive analysis and the gathered data were analyzed by means of observation and documentation techniques. The assessment was conducted using numerical rating scale (NRS) validated by three expert members in a team. The results of the observation and documentation were the products entitled of (r)=79.9 (good)and it was considered to have passed the standard achievement score (KKM) =75.0. 18 products (50.0%) entitled C (average) and other 18 products (50.0%) entitled B predicate (good). A predicate (Excellent) and D predicate (poor) were 0%. The highest score was (89.0) and the lowest one was (70.4). The conclusion that can be stated was the art products created by the students of SMK Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam grade XI academic year 2019/2020 in the even semester were good in quality and from such results it can be determined that the skills of students in drawing using acrylic media are good. It is suggested, however, that the students will learn further for the more advanced knowledge on drawing using acrylic media by reading from related resources or practicing more on the drawing skills on acrylics especially in using color, dark and light materials.Keywords: acrylics, drawing shapes.
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Sato, Sandra, Márcia Rosa Sobreira Cavalcante, Iara Augusta Orsi, Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos, and Osvaldo Zaniquelli. "Assessment of flexural strength and color alteration of heat-polymerized acrylic resins after simulated use of denture cleansers." Brazilian Dental Journal 16, no. 2 (August 2005): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402005000200007.
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The purpose of this study was to assess flexural strength and color alteration of acrylic resins immersed in denture cleansers for different periods of time. Rectangular specimens (65x10x3mm) made from three heat-polymerized acrylic resins (Lucitone 550, QC-20 and Triplex) were assigned to three denture cleansers groups (Bony Plus, Corega Tabs and Efferdent Plus) and a control group (immersion in water). Soaking trials of 15 min and 8 h simulated 30 days of use. Flexural strength testing was carried out with 105 specimens on a universal testing machine. Color alterations were visually assessed by examination of photographs taken from 21 specimens. Flexural strength means (in MPa) were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. There were significant differences (p<0.01) among the resins Lucitone (89.439 ± 7.962), Triplex (88.024 ± 5.167) and QC-20 (83.379 ± 7.153). No significant differences (p>0.05) were found either among the denture cleansers (Bony Plus = 87.693 ± 6.943; Corega Tabs = 86.955 ± 7.114; Efferdent Plus = 86.195 ± 7.865 and control = 86.536 ± 7.012) or between the soaking periods (15 min = 86.875 ± 7.625 and 8 h = 87.432 ± 7.355) throughout the soaking cycles simulating 30 days of use. No color alterations were identified by visual examination. The findings of this study showed that chemical denture cleansers used according to the manufacturers' specifications did not cause flexural strength alterations or color changes in heat-polymerized acrylic resins submitted to soaking cycles that simulated 30 days of use.
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Wang, Tingting, Wangbingfei Chen, Tingting Dong, Zihao Lv, Siming Zheng, Xiuming Cao, Qufu Wei, Reza A. Ghiladi, and Qingqing Wang. "Color-Variable Photodynamic Antimicrobial Wool/Acrylic Blended Fabrics." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 4141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184141.
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Towards the goal of developing scalable, economical and effective antimicrobial textiles to reduce infection transmission, here we prepared color-variable photodynamic materials comprised of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded wool/acrylic (W/A) blends. Wool fibers in the W/A blended fabrics were loaded with the photosensitizer rose bengal (RB), and the acrylic fibers were dyed with a variety of traditional cationic dyes (cationic yellow, cationic blue and cationic red) to broaden their color range. Investigations on the colorimetric and photodynamic properties of a series of these materials were implemented through CIELab evaluation, as well as photooxidation and antibacterial studies. Generally, the photodynamic efficacy of these dual-dyed fabrics was impacted by both the choice, and how much of the traditional cationic dye was employed in the dyeing of the W/A fabrics. When compared with the PS-only singly-dyed material, RB-W/A, that showed a 99.97% (3.5 log units; p = 0.02) reduction of Staphylococcus aureus under visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm, 60 min), the addition of cationic dyes led to a slight decrease in the photoinactivation ability of the dual-dyed fabrics, but was still able to achieve a 99.3% inactivation of S. aureus. Overall, our findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential applications of low cost and color variable RB-loaded W/A blended fabrics as effective self-disinfecting textiles against pathogen transmission.
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Irfany, Irfany, Moh Dharmautama, and Ike Damayanti. "Stabilitas warna basis akrilik gigitiruan lepasan setelah pembersihan dengan ekstrak dan infusa bunga rosella(Color stability of removabl." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v13i1.385.
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The efficacy of rosella which are for bacteriostatic purposes and contain anthocyanin pigments as antioxidant, vitaminand minerals. There are so many benefits of rosella that it is necessary to develop alternative product of Rosellabesides as food and beverages. One of the alternatives is as herbal disinfectant for removable denture acrylic. The aimof the study is to observe the color changes of removable denture acrylic base after using extract and infusion ofRosella as denture cleanser. Each of 5 full dentures were utilized to observe the color changes before and after usingRosella extract with concentration 2.5%, 5%, 7.5 %,and 10% and also infusion with concentration 5% , 10%, and 20% . The values were obtained and inserted into the formula ∆E*ab = [(∆L*) 2+ (∆a*)2+ (∆b*). The results wereanalyzed by using Kosmorogrov and T-test. The study showed the extract of Rosella which have concentration 2.5%,5%, 7.5% and 10%, and infusion concentration 5%, 10%, and 20%, did not show significant difference in colorchanges (p<0.05). There are significant differences of color between intaglio and polished surfaces in color absorption(p<0.05). It was concluded that there are color changes, but not significant, in using extract and infusion of Rosella.
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Cunha, Leonardo Fernandes da, Ana Beatriz Franco Fernandes, Amanda Mahammad Mushashe, Gisele Maria Correr, and Carla Castiglia Gonzaga. "Physical properties of two bis-acryl interim materials: color stability, flexural strength and shear bond strength to flowable composite resin as add-on material." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 16 (December 15, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8650498.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of two bis-acryl interim resin materials, such as color stability, flexural strength and shear bond strength to flowable composite resin, simulating clinical situations when this material has to be used for repair as add-on. Two shades of two bis-acryl interim resin materials [Structur 2 SC (shades Bleach and A2); Protemp 4 (shades A1 and A2)] were evaluated. Discs (5 x 1 mm) were fabricated and baseline color was determined after 1 h. Ten specimens were immersed at 37oC in solutions of distilled water (control) and cola-based soft drink (Coca-Cola). Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer using CIELab parameters. Color readings were again measured after 2 hours, 4 hours, 24 hours and 7 days. Flexural strength was determined using the three-point bending test (10 x 1 x 2 mm) on a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min) (n = 10). Discs of bis-acryl resin were embedded in acrylic resin, planned and distributed in 2 groups: G1 - Filtek Z350 Flow/Protemp4 and G2 - Grandio SO Flow/Structure 3 (n = 15). Cylinders (3.5 x 2 mm) were made with the flowable composite resins and polymerized for 20 s. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37oC for 24 h and subjected to shear bond strength test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test ( = 0.05). ΔE values were higher for Structur Bleach (3.08)a compared with Protemp 4 (shade A1, 2.22)b (shade A2, 2.25)b. There were no significant differences between Structur Bleach and Structur A2 (2.62)ab. Coca-Cola presented higher ΔE values (3.08)a than (2.00)b. Regarding time, ΔE values increased from 1.84a after 2 h to 2.31b after 4 h. The higher values were observed after 24 h and 7 days (2.93c and 3.09d, respectively). No significant differences were observed for the flexural strength of Structur (22.05 MPa)a and Protemp 4 (19.01 MPa)a. The repairs executed with Structur/Grandio flow (9.21 MPa)a were similar to those performed with Protemp 4/Z350XT flow (10.71 MPa)a. It can be concluded that the two bis-acyl resins evaluated showed similar physical and mechanical properties.
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Arruda, Carolina Noronha Ferraz, Danilo Balero Sorgini, Viviane de Cássia Oliveira, Ana Paula Macedo, Cláudia Helena Silva Lovato, and Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos. "Effects of Denture Cleansers on Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin: A Five-Year-Simulated Period of Use." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 4 (August 2015): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300120.
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<p>This study evaluated color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of acrylic resin after immersion in alkaline peroxide and alkaline hypochlorite solutions, simulating a five-year-period of use. Sixty disc-shaped (16x4 mm) and 60 rectangular specimens (65x10x3.3 mm) were prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) and assigned to 3 groups (n=20) of immersion (20 min): C1: distilled water; AP: warm water and one alkaline peroxide tablet; SH: 0.5% NaOCl solution. Color data (∆E) were determined by a colorimeter and also quantified according to the National Bureau of Standards units. A rugosimeter was used to measure roughness (μm) and the flexural strength (MPa) was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn tests (color stability and surface roughness) and by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (flexural strength). For all tests was considered α=0.05. AP {0.79 (0.66;1.42)} caused color alteration significantly higher than C1 {0.45 (0.37;0.57)} and SH {0.34 (0.25;0.42)}. The mean ∆Ε values quantified by NBS were classified as "trace" for C1 (0.43) and SH (0.31) and "slight" for AP (0.96). SH {-0.015 (-0.023;0.003)} caused significantly higher ΔRa than the C1 {0.000 (-0.004;0.010)} and AP {0.000 (-0.009;0.008)} groups. There was no statistically significant difference among the solutions for flexural strength (C1: 84.62±16.00, AP: 85.63±12.99, SH: 84.22±14.72). It was concluded that immersion in alkaline peroxide and NaOCl solutions simulating a five-year of 20 min daily soaking did not cause clinically significant adverse effects on the heat-polymerized acrylic resin.</p>
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Paranhos, Helena de Freitas Oliveira, Amanda Peracini, Marina Xavier Pisani, Viviane de Cássia Oliveira, Raphael Freitas de Souza, and Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato. "Color Stability, Surface Roughness and Flexural Strength of an Acrylic Resin Submitted to Simulated Overnight Immersion in Denture Cleansers." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 2 (April 2013): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302151.
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This study evaluated color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of acrylic resin specimens after immersion in alkaline peroxide and alkaline hypochlorite, simulating a period of one and a half year of use of overnight immersion. Sixty disc-shaped (16X4 mm) and 80 rectangular specimens (65X10X3.3 mm) were prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) and distributed into 4 groups (n=20): C1: without immersion, C2: 8 h immersion in distilled water; AP: 8 h immersion in alkaline peroxide effervescent tablet; SH: 8 h immersion in 0.5% NaOCl solution. Properties were evaluated at baseline and after the immersion. Color data were also calculated according the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α=0.05). AP (2.34 ± 0.41) caused color alteration significantly higher than C2 (0.39 ± 0.30) and SH (1.73 ± 0.52). The mean ΔE values were classified as indicial for C2 (0.36 ± 0.29) and noticeable for AP (2.12 ± 0.39) and SH (1.59 ± 0.48). SH (0.0195 ± 0.0150) caused significantly higher ΔRa (p=0.000) than the C2 (0.0005 ± 0.0115) and PA (0.0005 ± 0.0157) groups. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.063) among the solutions for flexural strength (C1: 105.43 ± 14.93, C2: 100.30 ± 12.43, PA: 97.61 ± 11.09, SH: 95.23 ± 10.18). In conclusion, overnight immersion in denture cleansing solutions simulating a year and a half of use did not alter the flexural strength of acrylic resin but caused noticeable color alterations, higher for alkaline peroxide. The 0.5% NaOCl solution caused increase in surface roughness.