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Journal articles on the topic "Act 12.846/2013"
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Saptani, Parli. "TINDAK TUTUR DALAM WACANA KELAS VB SD NEGERI 62 KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2012/2013." Diksa : Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/diksa.v1i2.3145.
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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tindak tutur yang dominan dalam membuka, menerangkan , dan menutup pelajaran dalam wacana kelas menyimak pada kelas Vb saat membuka pelajaran di SDN 62 Kota Bengkulu tahun pelajaran 2012/2013 didasarkan pada kategori tindak tutur (speech act categories) menurut Sinclair dan Coulthard’s (IRF) Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian wacana kelas yang mendeskripsikan wacana kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini, yaitu observasi rekaman video. Dari hasil analisis data, diketahui bahwa tindak tutur yang dominan saat pembelajaran, yakni tindak tutur reply sebanyak 82 tindak tutur atau 12, 4% dari seluruh tindak, directive sebanyak 57 tindak tutur atau 8,6% dari seluruh tindak tutur, elicitation sebanyak 53 tindak tutur atau 8% dari seluruh tindak tutur dan nomination 52 atau 7,9% dari seluruh tindak tutur yang mengarah pada tanya jawab dalam pembelajaran dan penunjukkan pada nama siswa untuk meminta respon. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) data yang dominan ditemukan tidak cukup menonjol sebagai data yang menjadi penguatan pembelajaran (2) tindak tutur guru sangat dominan dalam pembelajarqn sehingga mengabaikan pembelajaran siswa aktif. Implikasi dalam pembelajaran dikhawatirkan akan berdampak pada tercapainya komunikatif pembelajaran yang dalam kurun waktu lama akan berdampak pada mutu pendidikan.
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de Vilhena, Ditza, Inês Gambôa, Delfim Duarte, and Gustavo Lopes. "Vestibular Disorders after Stapedial Surgery in Patients with Otosclerosis." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6830648.
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Introduction and Objectives. Vertigo is a described complication of stapedial surgery. Many studies have been conducted to assess the improvement of hearing loss, but there are few studies that assess vestibular function after stapedial surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and characterize the vertigo after stapedial surgery.Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study. Patients undergoing stapedial surgery in our hospital between October 2013 and December 2014 were invited to participate. The vertigo was assessed before and 4 months after surgery, using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.Results. We included 140 patients in the study. 12 patients (8.6%) reported vertigo before surgery, and all of them denied vertigo after surgery. 36 patients (25.7%) reported vertigo four months after surgery, and none of them had vertigo before surgery. Postoperative total scores in patients with vertigo ranged between 2 and 18 points.Conclusion. The study shows that vestibular disorders may remain after the immediate postoperative period and reinforces the need for clarification of the patient in the informed consent act.
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Oliveira, Lúcio Garcia de, Letícia Maria de Araújo de Souza, Lúcia Pereira Barroso, Marcela Júlio César Gouvêa, Carlos Vinícius Dias de Almeida, Daniel Romero Muñoz, and Vilma Leyton. "Occupational conditions and the risk of the use of amphetamines by truck drivers." Revista de Saúde Pública 49 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005944.
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OBJECTIVE To test whether the occupational conditions of professional truck drivers are associated with amphetamine use after demographic characteristics and ones regarding mental health and drug use are controlled for.METHODS Cross-sectional study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 684 male truck drivers, which was collected in three highways in Sao Paulo between years 2012 and 2013. Demographic and occupational information was collected, as well as data on drug use and mental health (sleep quality, emotional stress, and psychiatric disorders). A logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with amphetamine use. Odds ratio (OR; 95%CI) was defined as the measure for association. The significance level was established as p < 0.05.RESULTS The studied sample was found to have an average age of 36.7 (SD = 7.8) years, as well as low education (8.6 [SD = 2.3] years); 29.0% of drivers reported having used amphetamines within the twelve months prior to their interviews. After demographic and occupational variables had been controlled for, the factors which indicated amphetamine use among truck drivers were the following: being younger than 38 years (OR = 3.69), having spent less than nine years at school (OR = 1.76), being autonomous (OR = 1.65), working night shifts or irregular schedules (OR = 2.05), working over 12 hours daily (OR = 2.14), and drinking alcohol (OR = 1.74).CONCLUSIONS Occupational aspects are closely related to amphetamine use among truck drivers, which reinforces the importance of closely following the application of law (Resting Act (“Lei do Descanso”); Law 12,619/2012) which regulates the workload and hours of those professionals. Our results show the need for increased strictness on the trade and prescription of amphetamines in Brazil.
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Sokolov, Vladislav. "MONITORING OF LEGAL REGULATION OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN TERMS OF LEGAL PRACTICE IN IMPLEMENTING THE “REGULATORY GUILLOTINE” IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION." Science Governance and Scientometrics 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 589–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-4.589-626.
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Introduction. At present, there are a large number of obsolete regulatory requirements, including those dating back to the USSR. The President and the Government of the Russian Federation decided to implement the “regulatory guillotine”, within the framework of which, by 1 January 2021, the totality of regulations imposing mandatory requirements must be replaced by new ones, including in the field of education. This goal requires the monitoring of existing laws, identifying their particularities, possible conflicts and gaps. Monitoring Tools. The authors of the paper applied methods of analysis, scientific and regulatory material analysis and synthesis as well as formal and legal, systemic and structural, functional, specific and sociological methods and the method of interpreting legal norms. The object of the study was the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Education of Russia as well as regulatory legal acts of other federal executive bodies adopted on the basis of the federal law on education. Results. The system of legal regulation of education is a structured system of acts of varying legal force, regulating a wide range of public relations. The monitoring results of this legal framework are systematised and presented in a table. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the following suggestions are made: 1) to merge Order No. 462 of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science dated 14 June 2013 and Order No. 1324 of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science dated 10 December 2013 regulating the field of self-evaluation of educational organisations; 2) to merge Order No. 844 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 28 July 2014 and Order No. 1304 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 3 October 2014 regulating public relations in the field of granting foreign citizens and stateless persons the right to obtain various levels of education; 3) in terms of defining the measures of state support for students and postgraduate students in higher professional education institutions – to incorporate Presidential Decree No. 1556 of 16 November 1996 into Presidential Decree No. 443 of 12 April 1993; 4) to merge Presidential Decree No. 1198 of 14 September 2011 and Presidential Decree No. 181 of 13 February 2012 establishing scholarships for undergraduate and postgraduate students; to create a new act regulating the procedure for granting state academic scholarships and/or state social scholarships to students. Conclusion. Improvement of the abovementioned specific laws will qualitatively improve the legal regulation of certain aspects of education in the Russian Federation, which will contribute to better legal regulation of the education sector as a whole. The results of the study will also be helpful to lawyers and academics who apply the legislation governing the education system in their professional or academic work.
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Sussmann, R., F. Forster, M. Rettinger, and P. Bousquet. "Renewed methane increase for five years (2007–2011) observed by solar FTIR spectrometry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2012): 4885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4885-2012.
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Abstract. Trends of column-averaged methane for the time period (1996, Sep 2011) are derived from the mid-infrared (mid-IR) solar FTIR time series at the Zugspitze (47.42° N, 10.98° E, 2964 m a.s.l.) and Garmisch (47.48° N, 11.06° E, 743 m a.s.l.). Trend analysis comprises a fit to the de-seasonalized time series along with bootstrap resampling for quantifying trend uncertainties. We find a positive trend during [1996, 1998] of 9.0 [3.2, 14.7] ppb yr−1 for Zugspitze (95% confidence interval), an insignificant growth during [1999, mid 2006] of 0.8 [−0.1, 1.7] ppb yr−1 (Zugspitze), and a significant renewed increase during [mid 2006, Sep 2011] of 5.1 [4.2, 6.0] ppb yr−1 for Garmisch, which is in agreement with 4.8 [3.8, 5.9] ppb yr−1 for Zugspitze. The agreement of methane trends at the two closely neighboring FTIR sites Zugspitze and Garmisch within the uncertainties indicates a good station-to-station consistency as a basis for future trend analyses by the ground-based mid-IR FTIR network on the global scale. Furthermore, the Zugspitze FTIR trend for the time interval [Jul 2006, Jun 2009] is found to agree with the trend derived from SCIAMACHY (WFM-DOAS v2.0.2) data within the 95% confidence intervals. In case a 1000-km pixel selection radius around the Zugspitze is used, the confidence interval is narrower for the FTIR trend (6.9 [4.2, 9.5] ppb yr−1) compared to SCIAMACHY (7.1 [5.1, 8.6] ppb yr−1). If, however, a loosened pixel selection is used (&approx;1000-km half-width latitudinal band), the SCIAMACHY trend significance interval is narrower (6.8 [5.1, 8.6] ppb yr−1) compared to Zugspitze FTIR (5.7 [3.0, 8.3] ppb yr−1). While earlier studies using surface network data revealed changes of 8.0 ± 0.6 ppb in 2007, 6.4 ± 0.6 ppb in 2008, and 4.7 ± 0.6 ppb in 2009 (Dlugokencky et al., 2011), our updated result proves that the renewed methane increase meanwhile has been persisting for >5 years [mid 2006, Sep 2011]. This is either the longest and largest positive trend anomaly since the beginning of systematic observations more than 25 years ago or the onset of a new period of strongly increasing CH4 levels in the atmosphere. Several scenarios have been developed to explain the persistent increase observed, mainly invoking an increase in emissions from natural wetlands, an increase in fossil fuel-related emissions or a decrease in OH concentrations. However, more work is needed to fully attribute this increase to a particular source or sink.
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Nickovic, S., A. Vukovic, M. Vujadinovic, V. Djurdjevic, and G. Pejanovic. "Technical Note: High-resolution mineralogical database of dust-productive soils for atmospheric dust modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-845-2012.
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Abstract. Dust storms and associated mineral aerosol transport are driven primarily by meso- and synoptic-scale atmospheric processes. It is therefore essential that the dust aerosol process and background atmospheric conditions that drive dust emissions and atmospheric transport are represented with sufficiently well-resolved spatial and temporal features. The effects of airborne dust interactions with the environment determine the mineral composition of dust particles. The fractions of various minerals in aerosol are determined by the mineral composition of arid soils; therefore, a high-resolution specification of the mineral and physical properties of dust sources is needed. Several current dust atmospheric models simulate and predict the evolution of dust concentrations; however, in most cases, these models do not consider the fractions of minerals in the dust. The accumulated knowledge about the impacts of the mineral composition in dust on weather and climate processes emphasizes the importance of including minerals in modeling systems. Accordingly, in this study, we developed a global dataset consisting of the mineral composition of the current potentially dust-producing soils. In our study, we (a) mapped mineral data to a high-resolution 30 s grid, (b) included several mineral-carrying soil types in dust-productive regions that were not considered in previous studies, and (c) included phosphorus.
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Collins, David, Ian Dewing, and Peter Russell. "Auditors and regulatory work (1987–2013)." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 7 (September 16, 2019): 2088–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2015-2354.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the jurisdictional expansion of audit into the area of UK financial regulation. The paper draws on the analytical framework of new audit spaces (Andon et al., 2014, 2015), which built on the concept of regulatory space (Hancher and Moran, 1989), and characterises this new audit space as regulatory work. Design/methodology/approach Through an intensive reading of a variety of publicly available documentary sources, the paper investigates the role of auditors and accountants in the reporting accountants’ and skilled persons’ regimes in the UK under the Banking Act 1987 and the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Findings The paper identifies a new audit space characterised as regulatory work, which is made up of three distinct phases (and suggests the recent emergence of a fourth phase), and considers the extent to which these phases of regulatory work share common themes across new audit spaces identified by Andon et al. (2015) as independence, reporting, accreditation and mediating. Originality/value The paper identifies a further jurisdictional expansion of audit into a new audit space, characterised as regulatory work.
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Uzma, Shigufta Hena. "Corporate governance practices: global convergence and Indian perspective." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 10, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-12-2016-0049.
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Purpose This paper aims to study from three perspectives: the developed countries corporate governance (CG) practices, the role of OECD in the global convergence of CG standards and India as an emerging country. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the various CG codes and regulations enacted in the Indian paradigm with special reference to the Indian Companies Act 2013 (cited as Act 2013). Findings The Act 2013 endeavours to provide a governance landscape in India with reforms. The new CG codes comprehensively introduce more accountability, transparency and stringent disclosure requirements. However, these changes are affected by the ownership structure, the level of enforcement and regulatory compliance of CG disclosure practices imposed on companies. Research limitations/implications Further research can be carried out in three domains in emerging countries: ownership structure, the effect of legal and regulatory environment and impact of mandatory compliance. Practical implications Legal and regulatory environment are notable extent that can effectively govern the CG codes. An increase in the board size, investor protection and gender diversity, with strong governance structure, can enhance the transparency of companies. Originality/value The paper examines the prominence of CG norms with the ratification of the Indian Companies Act 2013, which is analogous with global CG policies and regulations.
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SCHNEIDER, MARY ELLEN. "Act by June 30 to Avoid E-Rx Penalties for 2013." Internal Medicine News 45, no. 9 (May 2012): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(12)70418-3.
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Andraka-Christou, Barbara. "Policy process lessons from the Orphan Drug Act: applications for health policy advocates." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 4, no. 3 (November 2, 2015): 278–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-12-2013-0052.
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Purpose – The Orphan Drug Act has provided the pharmaceutical industry with incentives to research and develop drugs for orphan diseases: rare diseases with little profit potential. It is considered very successful legislation by legal scholars, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and orphan drug activists. The policy process of the Act provides an important model of the policy process for future incentive-based pharmaceutical legislation. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the important incentives of the Act and the historical events leading up to the Act. The paper applies three different theoretical models of the public policy process to understand the emergence of the Orphan Drug Act: Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Model, the Advocacy Coalition Framework, and Social Constructionism Theory. The paper then synthesizes the public policy process lessons from each perspective and provides four recommendations for other social activists seeking to propel incentive-based pharmaceutical legislation for under-researched diseases. Design/methodology/approach – The author analyzes the history of the Orphan Drug Act based on publicly available scholarly research, government documents, and interest group publications. The author then applies three public policy theories to the history of the Orphan Drug Act to explain the emergence of the Act and to extract policy process lessons for future disease activists. Findings – Regardless of which theoretical perspective the Orphan Drug Act is analyzed from, some common themes of the policy process emerge. First, focussing events are instrumental in capturing the public’s sympathy and Congress’s attention. Second, in its activities and proposed legislation, a coalition should provide a role for all relevant and important actors. Third, the target groups of the legislation were construed positively, increasing the pressure for Congressmen to pass some kind of bill. Finally, the proper construction of “the problem” is instrumental to passing effective legislation as a “solution.” Originality/value – The Orphan Drug Act is widely considered successful incentive-based pharmaceutical legislation. However, because it was originally passed in 1983 and has not had public attention since the early 1990s (when it was amended), it has rarely been written about in recent years. However, its lessons are still highly relevant to policy activists, especially disease activists. Furthermore, existing articles focus on the impact of the legislation and ways to amend it, rather than on the passage of the Act.
Books on the topic "Act 12.846/2013"
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Limited, CCH Canadian, ed. Canadian income tax act with regulations, annotated: R.S.C. 1985, (5th supp.) c.1, as amended : consolidated to July 12, 2013. 9th ed. Toronto, Ont: CCH Canadian Limited, 2013.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power. Energy Consumers Relief Act of 2013: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, April 12, 2013. 2013.
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López, Ivan, ed. Aftershocks: Globalism and the Future of Democracy. Universidad de Zaragoza, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-12-2.
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This digital publication consists of a selection of 56 papers presented at the 16th International Conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas (ISSEI), held at the University of Zaragoza, 2-5 July 2019, the general theme of which was ‘Aftershocks: Globalism and the Future of Democracy’. Sponsored by The Aragonese Association of Sociology, the conference was well-attended – 170 participants from 28 countries met to discuss a wide variety of topics in 29 workshops. The feedback we received from participants confirmed that they had greatly enjoyed the venue of the conference, that they appreciated the warm welcome they had received and the congenial social atmosphere and opportunity to attend workshops on subjects that were not only in their own field of expertise. No one, of course, could have predicted that our world – our work and life as individuals, as communities and as nations – would change so suddenly and radically eighteen months after the conference, with the rapid and devastating spread of the Convid-19 pandemic. The current deepening global crisis along with the challenge of climate change and growing international tensions are a stark reminder of how vulnerable our societies, our civilization, and our species are. The shocks and aftershocks of these crises are felt today in every corner of the world and in every aspect of our global and local economies, and most obviously in the sociopolitical arena. As several of the conference workshops on the multiple crises Europe and the world face today – from the migrant crisis to the rise of populism and deepening inequality between rich and poor – showed – and as the Covid-19 pandemic has so cruelly brought home to us – we simply cannot take the achievements of human civilization for granted and must find ways to meet the fundamental social and political needs of human beings not only in our own neighborhoods, cities and countries, but ultimately in the world as a whole: their living conditions, livelihoods, social services, education and healthcare, human rights and political representation. Several of the workshops, as I mentioned, directly addressed these issues and emphasized the need for building social resilience based on tolerance, solidarity and equity. This too is why, as academics, we should continue to initiate and engage in collective reflection and debate on how to foster and strengthen human communities and human solidarity. Finally, I want to thank the participants and workshop chairs for their contribution to the success of the conference. It was a pleasure for me to work with the university organizing team and with ISSEI’s team in bringing this about, and I am particularly proud that my university and the city of Zaragoza hosted this conference.
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Aleksandar, Momirov. 7 Immunity, 7.10 Mothers of Srebrenica v The Netherlands and the UN , LJN: BW1999, Dutch Supreme Court, 13 April 2012 and Stichting Mothers of Srebrenica and Others against The Netherlands , App. No. 65542/12, European Court of Human Rights, 11 June 2013. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0049.
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Increasingly, domestic and regional courts have engaged in reinterpreting the international law on immunities. The two present decisions add to a broader jurisprudential development through which courts have started to question the scope of immunity enjoyed by international organizations—or rather the unconditionality thereof—as a response to human rights-based critique. Whether or not international organizations enjoy immunity before a domestic court should, according to this developing approach, depend on a balancing act between, on the one hand, the functional interests of the international organization and, on the other hand, the individuals’ right of access to court. The decisions discussed in this section illustrate this doctrinal development as well as the limits of this developing line of jurisprudence by confirming that the immunity of the UN, as a sui generis international organization, shall not be subjected to the aforementioned balancing act.
Book chapters on the topic "Act 12.846/2013"
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"CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT 2004." In Evidence Statutes 2012-2013, 207–346. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203722510-12.
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"Factors Act 1889." In International Trade Law Statutes and Conventions 2011-2013, 71–73. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203722886-12.
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"Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 12–13 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973." In Evidence Statutes 2012-2013, 28–121. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203722510-7.
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Marco Colino, Sandra. "12. The cartel offence." In Competition Law of the EU and UK, 285–300. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198725053.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses cartel offence, contained in Part 6 of the Enterprise Act 2002 (EA), and in particular section 188, which made it a criminal offence to engage in cartel activity implemented in the UK. It applies to horizontal price fixing, market sharing, bid rigging, and production limitation agreements. Individuals can be prosecuted and may face imprisonment and/or individual fines. In its original formulation, the cartel offence had limited success. In 2013, the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (ERRA) introduced three important modifications to section 188 of the EA: it removed the requirement that the conduct be ‘dishonest’; it added a section 188A with a list of exclusions, or circumstances under which engaging in a cartel would not be ‘criminal’ and it included, in new section 188B, possible defences.
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McClelland, John, and Jessica I. Cerezo-Román. "Personhood and Re-Embodiment in Osteological Practice." In Archaeologists and the Dead. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753537.003.0010.
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The repatriation movement in the USA has had a profound impact on how human remains are viewed by osteologists and archaeologists. Federal repatriation legislation, including the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA, PL 101–610; 25 U.S.C. 3001 et seq., 1990) and the National Museum of the American Indian Act (NMAIA, PL 101–185; 20 U.S.C 80q et seq., 1989) have led museums to transfer control of collections to affiliated descendant communities. Similar laws have been enacted in the states (e.g. A.R.S. §41–844, §41–865 [Arizona]; Cal. Health and Saf. Code, §8010, et seq. [California]; La. R.S. 8:671, et seq. [Louisiana]; Me. R.S. 13:1371– A [Maine]), with some preceding federal action and others a response to it (Seidemann 2010). Ancestral skeletal remains and objects were once regarded as cultural resources under the authoritative control of scientists (Colwell- Chanthaphonh 2009: 6–12). The struggle for the rights of indigenous people and others to determine disposition of ancestral remains challenged scientific authority and led to self-reflection on the part of the profession. Osteologists and archaeologists were reminded that they are dealing with deceased persons and that their actions are socially constructed manipulations of the dead, not unlike the work of other mortuary practitioners. This work is inextricably concerned with reconstructing identities. This involves both an effort to characterize the identities of past individuals or groups in life and to transform the dead anew, creating new identities for a variety of audiences. The process of identity reconstruction may be considered a re-embodiment of the person and that process is what this chapter is about. We illustrate this discussion with a case study of the analysis and repatriation of individuals exhumed from the Alameda-Stone Cemetery, Tucson, Arizona, USA. We use this example to show how individual and community identities are formed, neglected, transformed, and reconstructed in a large multicultural burial assemblage. The human body is universally regarded as an aesthetic object and an inseparable component of personal identity, but its value as an object of scientific inquiry is perhaps uniquely emphasized in Western thought. Once restricted to science and the medical profession, interest in the materiality of the body has now found a much broader audience.
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Jonathan, Rogers. "Part IV UK Payment and Settlement, 12 UK Payment Systems." In Financial Markets and Exchanges Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198827528.003.0012.
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This chapter looks at the main provisions of the Banking Act and the 2013 Act, as well as the actions taken by the regulators under these Acts in the present time and in future developments. It discusses payments systems as an essential part of any modern financial market economy that enables the fast and efficient processing of transactions. It also describes the increase in the turnover of payment systems and digitization of the UK economy that made financial institutions and regulators recognize the central importance of payment systems in supporting a technologically enabled global economy. This chapter talks about regulators that are focused both on real time supervision and the modernization and development of the UK's payment systems. It mentions CREST as one of the eight payment systems that are currently recognised by the Treasury.
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Gordon, Maria. "Parents as Advocates for Children with IBD at School." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 138–50. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9452-1.ch007.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an “invisible” chronic illness, which is largely internal without significant observable external symptoms. Children with IBD experience painful and fluctuating physical symptoms caused by intestinal inflammation, as well as side effects from the medications. As a result, they necessitate special accommodations while they are in school. The Quebec Education Act (2010) stipulates that adequate services for a diverse student population must be provided. A case study conducted by Gordon (2013) with five families that participated in individual, semi-structured interviews revealed that families with a child with IBD functioned relatively well. These outcomes are contrary to the literature on families of children with disabilities. However, in Quebec public schools, parents and their children experienced teachers who lacked awareness of IBD and who provided insufficient classroom support. Hence, parents-(predominantly mothers) played an integral role in advocating for necessary accommodations on their child's behalf. This chapter will present the parents' school experiences and conclude with practical recommendations for teachers and families.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Preparation of Benzene Derivatives: The Yu/Baran Synthesis of (+)-Hongoquercin A." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0061.
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Lutz Ackermann of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen oxidized (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3484) the anisole derivative 1 to the phenol 2. Melanie S. Sanford of the University of Michigan devised (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5428) complementary conditions for either para acetoxylation of 3, illustrated, to give 4, or meta acetoxylation. Lukas J. Goossen of the Technische Universität Kaiserlautern developed (Synthesis 2013, 45, 2387) conditions for the cascade alkoxylation/decarboxylation of 5 to give 6. Cheol-Hong Cheon of Korea University showed (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 12154) that the boronic acid of 7 could act as a blocking group during electrophilic aromatic substitution or, as illustrated, as an ortho directing group. It could then be removed by protodeboronation, leading to 8. Jun Wu of Zhejiang University coupled (Synlett 2013, 24, 1448) the phenol 9 with the bromo amide 10 to give an ether that, on exposure to KOH at elevated temperature, rearranged to the intermediate amide, that was then hydrolyzed to 11. Dong-Shoo Shin of Changwon National University reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2013, 54, 5151) a similar protocol (not illustrated) to prepare unsubstituted anilines. Guangbin Dong of the University of Texas, Austin used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 18350) a variation on the Catellani reaction to add 13 to the ortho bromide 12 to give the meta amine 14. Kei Manabe of the University of Shizuoka found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 8611) that the crystalline N-formyl saccharin 16 was a suitable CO donor for the carbonylation of the bromide 15 to the aldehyde 17. John F. Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley described (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 8250) the coupling of the zinc enolate of an ester (Reformatsky reagent), either preformed or generated in situ, with an aryl bromide 18 to give 19. Olafs Daugulis of the University of Houston developed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5842) conditions for the directed ortho phenoxylation of 20 with 21 to give 22. Yao Fu of the University of Science and Technology of China effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10630) directed ortho cyanation of 23 with 24 to give 25.
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D'Rosario, Michael, Aaron Busary, and Kairav Raval. "The Permissibility of Crowd Funding within South Asia." In Financial Market Regulations and Legal Challenges in South Asia, 81–95. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0004-9.ch005.
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The chapter will extend upon the extant literature by considering the permissibility of crowdfunding practices within the South Asian region. There is a genuine dearth of research considering these matters, with little research considering the history and permissibility of crowdfunding methodologies within the noted nations. As such the contribution of the chapter is twofold, firstly it represents amongst the first coherent assessments of the use of crowdsourcing based fundraising methodologies within the South Asian region. Secondly it responds to the dearth of research considering the legal permissibility of such practices within the noted nations, while also contrasting the regulatory models of India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka with the regulatory models evidenced within selected OECD countries and pertinently the recently reformed model of regulation within the United States, specifically chapter 12 of the Jobs Act (2013).
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D'Rosario, Michael, Aaron Busary, and Kairav Raval. "The Permissibility of Crowd Funding Within South Asia." In Crowdsourcing, 914–28. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8362-2.ch045.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter will extend upon the extant literature by considering the permissibility of crowdfunding practices within the South Asian region. There is a genuine dearth of research considering these matters, with little research considering the history and permissibility of crowdfunding methodologies within the noted nations. As such the contribution of the chapter is twofold, firstly it represents amongst the first coherent assessments of the use of crowdsourcing based fundraising methodologies within the South Asian region. Secondly it responds to the dearth of research considering the legal permissibility of such practices within the noted nations, while also contrasting the regulatory models of India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka with the regulatory models evidenced within selected OECD countries and pertinently the recently reformed model of regulation within the United States, specifically chapter 12 of the Jobs Act (2013).