Dissertations / Theses: 'Act of God'

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Jepsen, Daniel R. "Divine eternity and agency can a timeless God act in time? /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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Hansson, Mats J. "Understanding an act of God an essay in philosophical theology /." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : Uppsala University ; Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25212688.html.

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Romero, Carrasquillo Francisco José. "The finality of religion in Aquinas' theory of human acts." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/21.

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Wenk, Matthias. "The Holy Spirit and the ethical/religious life of the people of God in Luke-Acts." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264349.

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Cho, Anna. "The Presence of the Kingdom in the light of the Speech Act Theory (SAT) : an ethical inquiry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97965.

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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis relates Christian ethics to the presence of the kingdom of God in Jesus’ sayings and to its real meaning and application by reconsidering the religious language of the kingdom of God from the perspective of the Speech Act Theory (SAT). In SAT, the Christian ethical approach to the presence of the kingdom in Jesus’ sayings is not only aimed at reconstructing meanings of the ethics of the kingdom in the form of a propositional morality theme. It also aims at reconstructing the Christian life as the performance of the ethics of the kingdom in daily life, that is, in terms of the presence of God’s kingdom in Jesus’ utterances and its witness. Christians do not merely assert certain facts about God’s sovereignty or God’s kingdom; they address God in the act of committing themselves to God’s kingdom and applying their minds to its righteousness. Since Christian ethics depends on the message of the kingdom proclaimed by Jesus, the essence of interpretation in Christian ethics is therefore to recognize the illocutionary act in the Bible. In SAT, only illocution is able to determine meaning and to act. It also creates the perlocutionary act as an appropriate response in the believer such as trust or obedience. The living Triune God is still speaking to us through Scripture – not in past stories but in the present in order to fulfil God’s will and God’s kingdom. This indicates that Jesus’ preaching about the kingdom of God focuses on what we should do or how we should live as Christians. The Bible is not supposed to be interpreted only in an academic context but should also be performed by the people of God. Consequently, the Christian community should try to discover the momentum and function of the text in order to build up the people of God to live in the world and to participate in the activities of the kingdom of God, not as spectators but as active participants in the present world. It also tells us who God is, and how we ought to live in relation to that God. Christian communities are called to institute policies that alter the settings in which the interpretation of Scripture takes place. In this way, Christian ethics can map out a new moral sensibility and specific directions through the presence of the kingdom of God in the light of SAT.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis vergelyk Christelike etiek met die teenwoordigheid van die koninkryk van God in Jesus se uitsprake en die ware betekenis en toepassing daarvan deur die heroorweging van die godsdienstige taal van die koninkryk van God vanuit die perspektief van Spraak Daad Teorie (“Speech Act Theory (SAT)”). Volgens SAT is die Christelike etiese benadering tot die teenwoordigheid van die koninkryk in Jesus se uitsprake nie net daarop gemik om die betekenisse van koninkryk-etiek te rekonstrueer in die vorm van ŉ proposionele moraliteit-tema nie. Die doel is ook die rekonstruksie van die Christelike lewe as die uitvoering van koninkryk-etiek in die alledaagse lewe, dit wil sê in terme van die teenwoordigheid van die koninkryk van God in Jesus se uitsprake en getuienis. Christene stel nie bloot bepaalde feite oor God se heerskappy of God se koninkryk nie; hulle spreek God aan in die daad van hulself toewy aan die koninkryk van God en hul gedagtes rig op die regverdigheid van dié koninkryk. Aangesien Christelike etiek berus op die koninkryk-boodskap wat Jesus verkondig het, is die essensie van interpretasie in Christelike etiek dus die erkenning van die illokusionele daad in die Bybel. Met SAT kan illokusie bepaal en ook optree beteken. Dit skep ook die perlokusionêre daad as ŉ toepaslike reaksie deur gelowiges, soos vertroue of gehoorsaamheid. Die lewende Drie-enige God spreek steeds deur die Skrif – nie deur stories in die verlede nie, maar in die hede, om God se wil te vervul en God se koninkryk te laat kom. Dit dui aan dat Jesus se prediking oor die koninkryk van God fokus op wat ons behoort te doen of hoe ons as Christene behoort te leef. Die Bybel is nie veronderstel om net in ŉ akademiese konteks geïnterpreteer te word nie, maar moet ook deur God se mense uitgevoer word. Gevolglik behoort die Christelike gemeenskap te probeer om die momentum en funksie van die teks te ontdek, met die oog daarop om God se mense op te bou om in die wêreld te leef en aan die aktiwiteite van die koninkryk van God deel te neem – nie as toeskouers nie, maar as aktiewe deelnemers in die wêreld vandag. Dit vertel ons ook wie God is, en hoe ons behoort te leef in verhouding tot dié God. Christelike gemeenskappe word geroep om beleide in te stel wat die stellings verander waarbinne Skrifinterpretasie plaasvind. Op hierdie wyse kan Christelike etiek ŉ nuwe morele aanvoeling en spesifieke aanwysings deur die teenwoordigheid van die koninkryk van God in die lig van SAT karteer.

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Hill, Matthew S. "God and Slavery in America: Francis Wayland and the Evangelical Conscience." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07182008-095211/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Wendy Venet, committee chair; Glenn Eskew, Charles Steffen , committee members. Electronic text ( 284 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 9, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-284).

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Hermansson, Olivia, and Frida Strandberg. "The lawyer as a Real Estate Agent." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189267.

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This thesis addresses the exception regarding lawyers in the Swedish fastighetsmäklarlagens §5 and aims to understand the background and meaning of the exception. Further the thesis addresses whether the main purpose of the estate agents act, the protection of consumers, is satisfying when a lawyer is practicing real estate agency. The study is based on the Swedish fastighetsmäklarlagen and aims to investigate the application of the act on both real estate agents and lawyers as they convey real estate. In order to clarify and understand the application of the law and to receive a view of the specific characteristics of each occupation, the occupational roles are investigated in detail and compared. The act distinguishes between conveying real estate professionally and conveying on single occasions. The demarcation of the concept determines whether the person conveying real estate is obliged to follow fastighetsmäklarlagen or not. A lawyer that is professionally conveying real estate should, according to Sveriges Advokatsamfund, practice the intermediary within the lawyer’s activity. Since professional ethics in practicing real estate agency and practicing law is incompatible the lawyer is obliged to make an assessment of what is professional intermediary within and outside the lawyer’s activities. The study points out that the boundary should be clarified in order for the lawyer to facilitate the assessment. The exception in the Swedish fastighetsmäklarlagen is important if a lawyer is professionally conveying real estate within the lawyer’s activity, but if the intermediary is solely within the lawyer’s general activity the exception has no function. A lawyer is suitable to pursue only those activities that are included within the scope of legal services, including intermediary corresponding to advocacy and not professional intermediary. For those situations that can be listed as professional intermediary, a real estate agent should be hired. Consideration whether the §5 should be changed or removed is required.
Uppsatsen behandlar undantaget avseende advokater i fastighetsmäklarlagens 5 § och syftar på att förstå undantagets bakgrund och innebörd. Vidare behandlar uppsatsen huruvida fastighetsmäklarlagens huvudsakliga syfte, konsumentskyddet, tillgodoses då en advokat utövar fastighetsförmedling. Studien utgår från fastighetsmäklarlagen och utreder lagens tillämpning på respektive yrkesroll, fastighetsmäklaren och advokaten, vid förmedling av fastigheter. För att få klarhet i och förstå tillämpningen av lagen utreds yrkesrollerna ingående samt jämförs för att ge en inblick i yrkesspecifika egenskaper. Lagen skiljer på den som yrkesmässigt förmedlar och den som enbart förmedlar vid något enstaka tillfälle. Gränsdragning avseende förmedlingsbegreppet avgör huruvida den som utövar förmedlingen har skyldighet att följa fastighetsmäklarlagen eller inte. En advokat som yrkesmässigt förmedlar fastigheter ska, enligt Sveriges advokatsamfund, utöva förmedlingen inom ramen för advokatens verksamhet. Då god fastighetsmäklarsed och god advokatsed är oförenliga medför det att advokaten själv måste göra en bedömning av vad som är yrkesmässig förmedling inom och utom ramen för advokatens verksamhet. I studien menas att gränsdragningen bör tydliggöras för att underlätta advokatens bedömning. Undantaget i fastighetsmäklarlagen kan ha betydelse om advokaten yrkesmässigt förmedlar inom ramen för sin verksamhet, men fyller ingen funktion i de fall då advokaten enbart förmedlar inom ramen för advokatens generella verksamhet. Advokaten är lämplig att ägna sig åt enbart sådan verksamhet som ingår inom ramen för advokatverksamhet, däribland förmedling som motsvarar advokatverksamhet och inte yrkesmässig förmedling. I de förmedlingsfall som kan räknas till yrkesmässig förmedlingsverksamhet bör istället en fastighetsmäklare anlitas. Det bör övervägas om 5 § ska förändras och undantaget avlägsnas

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Norell, Stefan, and Nathalie Styren. "Externa och interna bankrevisorers yrkesutövning i det förebyggande arbetet mot penningtvätt." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18868.

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Titel: Bankrevisorers yrkesutövning i det förebyggande arbetet mot penningtvätt Syfte: Studien syfte är att öka förståelsen samt förklara hur externa och interna bankrevisorer arbetar förebyggande mot penningtvätt inom banksektorn. Syftet besvaras genom att undersöka hur penningtvättslagen tillämpas i bankrevisorers yrkesutövning, hur det arbetet förhåller sig till god revisionssed samt om berörda parter upplever ett förväntningsgap gällande bankrevisorers ansvar att upptäcka finansbrott, såsom penningtvätt. Metod: Studien har tillämpat en kvalitativ forskningsmetod för att studera hur externa och interna bankrevisorers yrkesutövande förhåller sig till det förebyggande arbetet mot penningtvätt. Detta har genomförts med hjälp av tio stycken semi-strukturerade intervjuer med externa och interna bankrevisorer samt berörda parter för att kunna bidra med ytterligare perspektiv. Resultat och slutsats: Ett resultat som studien kan påvisa är att varken interna eller externa bankrevisorer rapporterar misstänkt penningtvätt direkt till Finanspolisen. Interna bankrevisorer rapporterar misstänkt penningtvätt till Compliance-funktionen samt att externa bankrevisorer rapporterar misstänkt penningtvätt till företagets VD eller styrelse i första hand. Studien finner stöd i att god revisionssed är en betydande faktor i det förebyggande arbetet mot penningtvätt för externa och interna bankrevisorer. Det finns även ett förväntningsgap eftersom externa och interna bankrevisorer kan göra mer i deras yrkesutövning för att förebygga penningtvätt inom banksektorn. Förslag till vidare forskning: En liknande studie som enbart fokusera på banker som sysslar med kontanthantering samt att Revisorsnämndens perspektiv beaktas. Studiens bidrag: Studien bidrar till att kartlägga externa och interna bankrevisorers ansvar i det förebyggande arbetet mot penningtvätt inom banksektorn. Studiens resultat bidrar till företagsekonomisk forskning genom att öka förståelsen av samarbetet mellan samtliga parter för att förebygga penningtvätt inom banksektorn. Nyckelord: Bankrevisorer, internrevision, externrevision, penningtvätt, PTL, penningtvättslagen, god revisionssed
Title: Bank auditors professional practice in the prevention of money laundering Aim: The aim of this essay is to increase understanding and explain how external and internal bank auditors work to prevent money laundering in the banking sector. The aim is answered by examining how the Money Laundering Act apply in their professional practice, how the work relates to the generally accepted auditing standards and if concerned parties are experiencing a gap of expectations regarding bank auditors responsibility of detecting financial crimes such as money laundering. Method: The essay has applied a qualitative research method to study how external and internal bank auditors professional practice relates to the prevention of money laundering. This has been achieved by executing ten semi-structured interviews with external and internal bank auditors and other concerned parties to contribute additional perspectives. Results and Conclusions: The result of the essay shows that neither external nor internal bank auditors report suspected money laundering directly to the Finance Police. Internal bank auditors report suspected money laundering to the Compliance department and the external bank auditors report suspected money laundering to the company CEO or board in firsthand. The essay shows that the generally accepted auditing standards are a significant factor in the prevention of money laundering for external and internal bank auditors. The result shows a gap of expectations, the external and internal bank auditors can contribute more in their professional practice to the prevention of money laundering in the banking sector according to concerned parties. Suggestions for future research: A similar study focusing solely on banks with cash management including the Auditor Board´s perspective. Contributions of the essay: The essay helps to identify external and internal bank auditors responsibility in the prevention of money laundering in the banking sector. The results contribute to business research by increasing understanding of the cooperation between concerned parties to prevent money laundering in the banking sector. Keywords: bank auditors, internal audit, external audit, money laundering, PTL, the Money Laundering Act, generally accepted auditing standards

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Wiklander, Per-Ola. "Kommunal redovisning : En rättsvetenskaplig studie." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-42557.

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Swedish municipalities are obliged to continually and annually account and disclose information in certain accounting reports. The accounting obligation for municipalities is set forth in the Swedish Local Government Act. Since the year 1998 there is also a Local Government Accounting Act (LGAA) in place. In accordance with LGAA a requirement on all accounting is that it needs to be established in line with Swedish General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). At the same time as LGAA came into effect, the state and the municipal federations established a new standard-setting body. It had, and still has, the task to publish recommendations with the body’s view on how municipalities should account in accordance with Swedish GAAP. The body received the name The Council for Municipal Accounting, CMA. In this study the complex of norms that is of certain importance for Swedish municipalities when they account are analysed. Questions that are analysed are e.g. what position and function the standard-setting body CMA and the body’s recommendations have in a legal context. Another question that is analysed is how the regulation for municipalities should be understood in relation to the regulation for private sector. Some of the conclusions in the study are that there is a possibility to identify a Swedish GAAP for Municipalities which has its own systematic. The legal control of whether municipalities account in accordance to Swedish GAAP is weak though. When evaluating what should be seen as Swedish GAAP for municipalities, there is a presumption that the recommendations from CMA are the correct interpretations, even though the recommendations in line with the constitution can not be seen as any form of binding law. In light of this, the strength of the presumption is somewhat unclear, but should not be seen as strong as the equivalent presumption that recommendations from standard-setting bodies in private sector are the correct interpretation of Swedish GAAP.
Sveriges kommuner och landsting har sedan länge varit skyldiga att redovisa utfallet av sin verksamhet. Det kommunala redovisningsområdet har gått från att vara i stort sett oreglerat, till en reglering som under de senaste två decennierna utvecklats i väsentlig grad. Dagens reglering är emellertid inte okomplicerad utan ger upphov till ett flertal intressanta rättsliga frågeställningar, bland annat frågan om vilken rättslig ställning som kan tillskrivas olika typer av normer inom området. I denna rättsvetenskapliga studie analyseras, systematiseras och utvärderas regleringen som berör den kommunala redovisningsskyldigheten, särskilt i ljuset av att redovisningen ska upprättas i enlighet med den rättsliga standarden god redovisningssed. Undersökningen omfattar flera rättsområden där konstitutionella, kommunal- och redovisningsrättsliga frågor behandlas parallellt. Inom ramen för undersökningen utvärderas bland annat förhållandet mellan lagstiftningen och den s.k. kompletterande normgivningen, både ur ett principiellt perspektiv och genom en särskild undersökning av fyra utvalda redovisningsfrågor. De fyra redovisningsfrågor som behandlas är redovisningen av materiella anläggningstillgångar, bidrag till infrastruktur, pensionsåtagandet samt den sammanställda redovisningen.

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Boman, Anna, and Emma Karlsson. "Änglar och Demoner göms under samma påföljd : - Ett nytt påföljdssystem måste utvecklas." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7063.

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Syfte: Denna studie har som syfte att utvärdera påföljdssystemets betydelse för den enskilde fastighetsmäklarens handlande. Vi ska även försöka utveckla det nuvarande påföljdssystemet för att skapa en mer rättvis bedömning av varje enskild fastighetsmäklares handlande. Metod: För att kunna uträtta vår studie har vi analyserat Fastighetsmäklarnämndens årsböcker år 2007 – 2009 samt utfört intervjuer med personer inom branschen. Utifrån detta har vi erhålligt vår empiriska data. Dessutom har vi förstärkt vår analysering genom att jämföra systemet med advokatsamfundets påföljdssystem samt använt oss av väsentlig litteratur och lagstiftning. Resultat & slutsats: Våra slutsatser visar att branschen är i behov av en nyutveckling av sitt påföljdssystem för fastighetsmäklarna. Detta för att både avskräcka samt inför allmänheten verka som moralbildande men främst för att ge fastighetsmäklaren en rättvis bedömning när denne döms. Vi tycker det är viktigt att de disciplinära påföljderna avspeglar brottets art då fastighetsmäklarna hängs ut allt oftare i bland annat media. Vidare forskning: Då tidigare forskning kring påföljdssystem är begränsat finns ett vidare behov av studier i ämnet. Det finns många inriktningar och frågeställningar som vi tror ej ännu har granskats. Vi skulle tycka det vore intressant om lagförslaget går igenom till årsskiftet 2011 att man analyserar vilka typ av fall som kommer att hamna under erinran respektive varning samt vilka kriterier som ställs för respektive disciplinär påföljd.
Aim: Our aim is to analyze the Swedish penalties and their consequences on real estate agents. The focus of this essay is to discuss how the current system could be changed so that a more fair assessment of each real estate agents conduct could be given. Method: The empirical data was based on interviews with various people in the industry, such as Information officers, consumers, and estate agents themselves. We have also analyzed the Estate Agents Board’s yearbooks from 2007 to 2009. Furthermore, we have enhanced our analysis by comparing the system of estate agent penalties to the lawyers system of penalties. We have also used essential literature and legislation for example Estate Agents Act. Result & Conclusions: Our conclusions of this essay show that the industry is in need of a development of the current system for real estate agents. This is to discourage and also act as a moral formation to the public. Mainly it’s about giving the estate agents a fair assessment when they are being convicted. We think the most important reason why the penalties should reflect the crime is because that is good justice. Estate agents nowadays have more coverage in the media and therefore we think it is extremely important that the persons whom sees this understand what lies behind the notification. Suggestions for future research: We can see that previous research about the system of penalties is limited and we truly think the industry is in need of continued studies about this subject. There are still many questions and directions about this that have not been reviewed before. This essay could be complemented in further studies if the measure will be adopted in 2011. Then it would be interesting if you analyze which case will get an admonitory remark or otherwise a warning and which criteria are required for each penalty.

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com, haybel@bigpond, and Haydn D. Nelson. "The providence of God : a trinitarian perspective." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051129.162926.

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The primary focus of this dissertation is the doctrine of the Providence of God and it is approached from a distinctive perspective that of the doctrine of the Trinity.Its fundamental thesis is that the adoption of a trinitarian perspective on Providence provides us with a conceptual paradigm in which varying theological emphases, which often divide understandings of Providence, are best understood in a form of paradoxical tension or creative balance with each being correctly understood only in the context that the other provides. To demonstrate this, it addresses four issues of Providence that have on occasion divided understandings of Providence in the past and which have become significant issues of contention in the contemporary debate on Providence occasioned by a proposal known as Open Theism. These issues concern the nature of divine transcendence, sovereignty, immutability and impassibility and how each should be understood in the context of divine Providence. Through a detailed examination of three recent trinitarian theologies, which have emanated from the three main communities of the Christian church, it argues that a trinitarian perspective is able to provide significant illumination and explication of these identified issues of Providence and of the tensions that are often intrinsic to this doctrine. In relation to these identified issues of Providence, it affirms tensional truths in our understanding of the issues of Providence and an articulation that necessarily incorporates a binary form of language that is, utilising language of both-and rather than either-or. In other words, it posits that divine transcendence ought to be held in paradoxical tension with divine immanence; divine sovereignty ought to be held in paradoxical tension with human responsibility; and divine immutability and impassibility ought not to be understood as immobility or impassivity but as affirming the paradoxical tension of active constancy. The articulation of these tensional truths is followed and completed by an examination of how they might be applied pastorally in the specific area of prayer and its relationship to Providence. Consequently, this dissertation not only constructively impacts our understanding of divine Providence but also significantly advances the contemporary debate on Providence concerning Open Theism.

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Nelson, Haydn Desmond. "The providence of God : a trinitarian perspective /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051129.162926.

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Birkett, Edward John. "The tensions of modernity : Descartes, reason and God /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030411.100355/index.html.

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Heinich, Julia. "Le droit face à l'imprévisibilité du fait." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1042.

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La tentation est grande de proclamer qu’aujourd’hui toute imprévisibilité a disparu. Dès lors qu’un fait s’est produit, il semble rétrospectivement acquis qu’il était prévisible avant même sa réalisation. Puisque l’on doit s’attendre à tout, rien ne peut être considéré comme imprévisible ; ni une crise économique, ni une catastrophe naturelle, ni un simple accident, dont on sait qu’ils peuvent survenir à n’importe quel moment, frapper n’importe où et n’importe qui. L’imprévisibilité, privée de consistance et d’effets, se voit alors inexorablement écartée du domaine du droit.Pourtant, l’imprévisibilité demeure une réalité, dès lors que l’on est incapable de prévoir le moment, le lieu, l’intensité ou la victime du fait. Admettre l’existence de l’imprévisibilité sans renoncer à l’encadrer, voilà le défi qui est lancé au droit. Les moyens d’y répondre sont nombreux mais épars, et leur application souffre souvent d’une mauvaise identification de la notion. L’ambition de cette étude est de démontrer que l’imprévisibilité du fait innerve l’ensemble du droit privé contemporain, et de dessiner les contours de l’attitude de ce dernier à son égard. Une réception ordonnée et délimitée d’une imprévisibilité irréductible n’est à ce titre pas incompatible avec une attitude plus active du droit pour canaliser cette imprévisibilité. Identifier ses effets de droit, construire une définition, démontrer les ressorts et les possibilités de l’anticiper ou de la maintenir, tels sont les éléments indispensables à apporter à la réflexion juridique pour que le droit puisse faire face le plus sereinement possible à l’imprévisibilité d’un fait
Nowadays, one could be tempted to state that the concept of unpredictability has disappeared. Indeed, if some event actually occurs, it is likely to be deemed predictable retrospectively, even before its taking place. As any event can occur, no event can be deemed unpredictable any longer : neither an economic crisis, nor natural disaster, nor the most banal accident. It is common knowledge that such events may occur at any time, strike anybody, anywhere. In this way, unpredictability is deprived of its legal purpose and effects and discarded by law. However, unpredictability remains a reality, when one is unable to foresee the moment, the place, the intensity or the victim caused by the event. The challenge laid down by law shall consist in recognizing the existence of unpredictability in order for law to be able to frame this concept. There are many ways to reach this goal, and the solutions and their implementation remain dispersed owing to the difficulty to clearly identifying the concept of unpredictability. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the notion of unpredictability invigorates the whole scope of contemporary private law, and to show how this concept shall be apprehended by law. A defined and specific implementation of the irreductible aspects of the concept of unpredictability by law will not be incompatible with a more active approach, in order for unpredictability to be captured by law. Identifying legal effects, creating a definition, demonstrating the means and the abilities to anticipate unpredictability or to maintain it, will remain essential steps in the legal constructing, so that law shall be able to face unpredictability serenely

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White, Barbara A., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "'Beyond God the father' : The metaphysical in a physical world." Deakin University. School of Literary and Communication Studies, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.154051.

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Incigneri, Brian, and res cand@acu edu au. "My God, My God, Why Have You Abandoned Me? : The setting and rhetoric of Mark's Gospel." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, 2001. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp6.19072005.

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This study proposes that the design of Mark's Gospel is best appreciated by recognising the particular political, social and religious situation that gave rise it, and by taking into account the concerns, experiences and emotions of both the author and the intended readers. It is argued that proposals for an Eastern provenance lack evidence and plausibility, and that the Gospel was written in Rome. The time of writing is identified as the latter months of 71, as the Gospel contains a number of indications that the Jerusalem Temple had been destroyed and that the Triumph of Vespasian and Titus in July/August 71 had recently occurred. Moreover, there are several allusions to events that had occurred within a year or two prior to that date. An investigation of the political and social situation shows that Christians had reason to be fearful, especially after the return of Titus. Through an examination of the rhetorical techniques contained within the text, it is proposed that the Gospel was a response to the protracted suffering of the Christians of Rome, addressing their doubts about God in the face of Roman power, their fear of further executions, and stresses within the community caused by apostasy and betrayal. Paying close attention to the mood of the text, an analysis of Mark's rhetoric shows how it responds to the readers' anxieties (including fear of delation), counters Flavian propaganda, and provides hope and strength. As appeals to the emotions were regarded as a key tool of ancient rhetoric, careful attention is paid to their use throughout the Gospel, showing that Mark produced a text full of pathos, matching the highly stressful atmosphere, and placing the readers' cries for help and prayers into the mouths of characters. In repeatedly stirring the readers' emotions by reminding them of their own painful experiences and by alluding to contemporary events and social attitudes, Mark explains why they are persecuted, and helps them to deal with their fear. He portrays Jesus as the one who had led the way by accepting martyrdom for the gospel in similar circumstances. He shapes many scenes to remind them of their Roman situation, especially the trials and executions of fellow Christians. Mark's rhetorical use of the disciples is also explored, showing that he aimed to elicit sympathy for those who had failed under pressure, which indicates that he was advocating their readmittance into the community. It is proposed that reading the Gospel as rhetoric addressed to this situation provides a quite different view of its nature, design and purposes, and gives a very different perspective to a number of debated issues within Markan scholarship.

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Munro, Howard Richard John, and h. munro@mailbox uq edu au. "A Re-evaluation of the 'Death of God' Theology." Griffith University. School of Theology, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030228.102238.

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Although the death of God theology attracted considerable attention during the 1960s, in recent decades it has fallen into neglect. Nonetheless, the issues raised by the death of God theology were important ones and it remains an interesting question whether the death of God theologians were able to make substantial contributions to them. This thesis re-examines the work of the death of God theologians. It argues that the popular view that the death of God theology represented a common tendency, or movement, towards atheism among certain prominent American Protestant theologians is mistaken. Through a series of detailed studies of Thomas J.J. Altizer (chapters 3 and 4), William Hamilton (Chapter 5), Paul van Buren (Chapter 6), and Harvey Cox (Chapter 7), the thesis shows not only that the significance of the death of God theologians has been widely misinterpreted, but that their work contains a number of features which have been under-emphasised or even overlooked. The aim of the thesis is to provide a more balanced contemporary reading of their work. The work of Altizer receives special attention and a case is made for the view that he should be read as a Protestant mystic of a peculiar sort.

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Greenham, Ellen Jessica. "Vision and desire Jim Morrison's mythography beyond the death of God /." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2009.0003.html.

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Dellinger, Myanna F. "Rethinking «Fuerza Mayor» in a World of Anthropogenic Climate Change." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118876.

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This article addresses the question of whether extreme weather events should form the basis for individuals or even the States, may be exempted from complying with its legal obligations.The old, but still very viable institution of force majeure can empower both companies and nations to absolve themselves of their responsibilities and duties. However, in a world where human-induced climate change is proven, could we say that such disasters are truly«natural»? Does it make sense, from a legal and factual matter, that they continue to allow the parties to be exempt from liability when modern science has shown that in all probability people, not some enigmatic power, have caused most universally of the problems that hold us harmless looking?Force majeure is based on the idea that the «man» somehow is separate from «nature». This article challenges this idea and argues that, in many cases, no longer makes sense to apply the institution of force majeure. At least, judges should be very careful in doing so for reasons of public policy and allocation of risks. In addition, the contracting parties must have enough caution to claim that they may be able to exempt themselves from future liability clauses appealing «force majeure».
Este artículo aborda la pregunta sobre si los eventos de clima extremo deben servir de base para que los particulares o, incluso los Estados, puedan eximirse de cumplir con sus obligaciones legales.La antigua, pero aún muy viable, institución de la fuerza mayor, puede facultar tanto a las empresas como a los Estados-Nación a eximirse de sus responsabilidades y deberes. Sin embargo, en un mundo donde el cambio climático antropogénico está probado,¿podríamos decir que tales desastres son verdaderamente «naturales»? ¿Acaso tiene sentido, desde un punto de vista legal y fáctico, que se les siga permitiendo a las partes eximirse de responsabilidad legal cuando la ciencia moderna ha demostrado con toda probabilidad que, las personas -no algún misterioso poder universal- han ocasionado la mayoría de los problemas por los que buscamos eximirnos de responsabilidad?La fuerza mayor se basa en la idea de que el «hombre», de alguna manera, se encuentra separado de la «naturaleza». Este artículo cuestiona esta idea y argumenta que, en muchos casos, ya no tiene sentido aplicar la institución de la fuerza mayor. Al menos, los jueces deben ser muy cuidadosos al hacerlo por razones de política pública y asignación de riesgos, así como las partes contratantes deben tener la suficiente precaución al pensar o pretender que pueden ser capaces de eximirse de responsabilidad futura invocando cláusulas de «fuerza mayor».

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Devenish, Anne Patricia. "The lived experience of God and its evolution in children and adolescents." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0043.html.

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Kershaw, Alison. "The poetic of the Cosmic Christ in Thomas Traherne's 'The Kingdom of God'." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0085.

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[Truncated abstract] In this thesis I examine the poetics of Thomas Traherne’s often over-looked Christology through a reading of The Kingdom of God. This work, probably written in the early 1670s, was not discovered until 1997, and not published until 2005. To date, no extended studies of the work have been published. It is my argument that Traherne develops an expansive and energetic poetic expressive of the theme of the ‘Cosmic Christ’ in which Christ is understood to be the source, the sustaining life, cohesive bond, and redemptive goal, of the universe, and his body to encompass all things. While the term ‘Cosmic Christ’ is largely of 20th century origin, its application to Traherne is defended on the grounds that it describes not so much a modern theology, as an ancient theology rediscovered in the context of an expanding cosmology. Cosmic Christology lies, according to Joseph Sittler,“tightly enfolded in the Church’s innermost heart and memory,” and its unfolding in Traherne’s Kingdom of God is accomplished through the knitting together of an essentially Patristic and Pauline Christology with the discoveries and speculations of seventeenth century science: from the infinity of the universe to the workings of atoms. … The thesis concludes with a distillation of Traherne’s Christic poetic The Word Incarnate. The terms put forward by Cosmic Christology are used to explicate Traherne’s intrepid poetic. In his most remarkable passages, Traherne employs language not only as a rhetorical tool at the service of theological reasoning, but to directly body forth his sense of Christ at the centre of world and self. He promises to “rend the Vail” and to reveal “the secrets of the most holy place.” Scorning more “Timorous Spirits,” he undertakes to communicate and “consider it all.”

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au, Suchun@central murdoch edu, and Suchun Zhang. "Oxidation of Refractory Gold Concentrates and Simultaneous Dissolution of Gold in Aerated Alkaline Solutions." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041201.152201.

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The oxidation of refractory gold concentrates containing arsenopyrite and pyrite and the simultaneous dissolution of gold in aerated alkaline solutions at ambient temperatures and pressures without the addition of cyanide has been studied. It involves the following aspects: the chemistry of the oxidation of pure arsenopyrite and pyrite minerals in aerated alkaline solutions; the kinetics of oxidation of arsenopyrite and the simultaneous dissolution of gold in such solutions; the kinetics of simultaneous dissolution of gold during the alkaline oxidation of refractory gold concentrates; the electrochemistry of gold in alkaline solutions containing thiosulfate or monothioarsenate; the effect of copper on the leaching of gold in alkaline thiosulfate solutions; and the leaching of gold in alkaline solutions with thioarsenites. The nature and proportions of the products of the oxidation of arsenopyrite in aerated alkaline solutions have been studied using high pressure ion chromatography techniques that have shown that thiosulfate and a new species, monothioarsenate, are the main oxidation products of arsenopyrite apart from arsenate and sulfite. The alkaline oxidation of pyrite primarily yields thiosulfate and sulfite. A kinetic investigation of the oxidation of arsenopyrite with air or oxygen has shown that the initial rate of arsenopyrite oxidation is proportional to the concentration of dissolved oxygen. A reaction mechanism for the oxidation of arsenopyrite has been proposed, which involves an anodic oxidation of the mineral involving hydroxyl ions coupled to a cathodic process for oxygen reduction which is partially controlled by mass transfer of dissolved oxygen to the mineral surface. Detailed studies of the dissolution behaviour of gold in aerated alkaline solutions in the presence of thiosulfate or monothioarsenate by electrochemical and leaching methods have demonstrated that the dissolution rate is very low as compared to that of gold in alkaline cyanide or ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions. It has been found that copper ions catalyze the dissolution of gold in the thiosulfate solutions in the absence of ammonia. The leaching experiments also have shown that gold may dissolve in alkaline thioarsenite solutions, which provides a possible new process option for the leaching of gold. The oxidation of refractory arsenical gold concentrates in aerated alkaline solutions results in the formation of thiosulfate, arsenate and sulfate as well as the dissolution of gold, copper and iron. It appears that the dissolution of gold is due to the complex reactions of gold with thiosulfate ions promoted by the catalytic effect of copper ions. Up to 80% of the gold may be extracted during the oxidation of selected refractory arsenical

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Allingham, Pauline Kay, and n/a. "Thank God it's Friday : occupational stress and coping among Catholic primary teachers." University of Canberra. Teacher Education, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060531.155625.

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Occupational stress among teachers is a painful, prevalent and costly phenomenon, one which impacts on individuals, families, schools and wider society. A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals' susceptibility to occupational stress is not determined exclusively by environmental or personality factors, but by the cognitive and behavioural transactions between the individual and potentially stressful events. Two major factors which contribute to individual stress are a person's appraisal of events as threatening or demanding, and the strategies they use in coping with those events. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between experience, stress levels and coping patterns in a group of primary school teachers. Two groups of teachers were surveyed, 'Starters' who were in their first year of teaching and 'Stayers' who had at least 10 years of teaching experience. Stayers were divided, on the basis of their responses, into Low-stress, Moderate-stress and High-stress groups. The aspects of coping which were explored are: 1. The range of coping strategies used by teachers in each group, 2. The frequency of use of those coping strategies for each group, and 3. The coping styles preferred by teachers in each group. The results of this study show no direct connexion between stress level and any of the demographic variables (sex, age, religion, piety, teaching experience, full-time teaching, part-time teaching and time away from teaching). Nor are significant differences found between the coping patterns of more or less experienced and more or less stress teachers. A pattern is suggested by correlational analysis, wherein inexperienced teachers (Starters) and highly-stressed experienced teachers (High-stress Stayers) show the same preference for coping styles. It is hypothesized that this similarity of preference relates to role of control in reducing stress, and that these groups are examples of different stages of adaptation to teaching. Implications for the use of these preferences in detecting teacher stress, and for the inclusion of coping strategies in teacher training are discussed.

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Foord, Peter Michael, and res cand@acu edu au. "Theology Engaging Evolutionary Theory: Fresh insights into the nature of God." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, 2004. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp45.29082005.

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This thesis explores the work of three theologians, Arthur Peacocke, John Haught and Denis Edwards, each of whom has made a significant contribution to the dialogue between contemporary evolutionary biology and the Christian understanding of God. The thesis explores and analyses how evolutionary theory throws light on key theological themes such as the nature of God's providence, especially in relation to pain, suffering and evil, and the meaning of Jesus Christ. The thesis involves a critical reading of the selected theologians' works, with their respective emphases on classical, process and kenotic types of theological thinking, and also draws on resources from the classical theological tradition, primarily St. Thomas Aquinas. The study gives a positive assessment of the contributions of the three chosen authors. It highlights the critical importance that theological methodology plays in formulating insights into the relationship of God to evolutionary processes. Peacocke emphasises the use of critical realism as the most credible methodology for theology, consistent with its use by science. Haught agrees with this approach stressing, however, that the data of theology is not the same as that for science. Consequently, he argues that theology ought to constitute the deepest layer of explanation for understanding reality and for understanding God as the ultimate explanation for evolution. Edwards argues that we must find a way of talking about God that is consonant with the reality of the world but that this God always remains ultimately Mystery. Peacocke, Haught and Edwards explore the usefulness of kenotic theology for explaining how belief in an omnipotent and supremely loving God can be reconciled with the existence of pain, suffering and evil in the creation. Although a kenotic approach can account for the scientific evidence of a “self-creative” and emergent cosmos along with the presence of suffering and evil, a more comprehensive theological viewpoint must include an understanding of how God is active in creation, sustaining it in existence and drawing it towards its divinely ordained end. Haught's argument for the presence of genuine contingency in the cosmos as evidence of God's on-going creativity is critically examined. Genuinely new possibilities, in evolutionary terms, new species, cannot be explained by material causation alone. In his “metaphysics of the future”, Haught argues that, despite the enormity of pain and suffering evidenced in evolution, God continues to lovingly draw the creation towards a hopeful and promised future in God. This thesis appreciates the value of Edwards’ trinitarian “God of evolution” for it combines a more classical theological approach with evolutionary theory. For Edwards, biological evolution is seen as a process within an ontologically relational creation that reflects the divine relations of the Trinity. The creation of being-in-relation flows out of, and reflects, the divine trinitarian relations of mutual love. Edwards’ insights into the nature of original sin and grace within an evolutionary context are also positively assessed. Both Peacocke and Edwards propose a Wisdom Christology as the most fruitful link between the biblical Sophia tradition and a creation theology, holding together insights on the divine Being, Wisdom and the Christ-event itself. Aspects of process and kenotic theologies can be usefully combined with Aquinas' expansive notion of God as ultimate Being. Through this synthesis, the drama of evolution is more intimately related with the ultimate reality, the Mystery of God. Throughout this thesis, gender-neutral language has been maintained except in some quotations of St. Thomas Aquinas.

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Tien, Ngo Dinh, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Church as Family of God: its development and implications for the Church in Vietnam." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, New South Wales, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp128.25102006.

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This thesis aims to study the development of the concept/model “the church as the family of God” and to explore its implications in terms of participation of church members and the social mission for the church in Vietnam. The discussion of the development of the ecclesiological concept helps to construct an ecclesiology of the church as the family of God in response to the call of Pope John Paul II in the Apostolic Exhortation Ecclesia in Africa (1995).It also assists the Vietnamese church in its evaluation and implication of the model of the church as family. This ecclesiological model has been promoted since the seventeenth century and emphasised since the Second Vatican Council in the church in Vietnam. The scope of this thesis studies the biblical, theological and ecclesiological development of the concept/model of the church as God’s family. It also investigates the understanding of the family and the church as family in Vietnam, the mutual relationships of church members and the characteristics of the mission of the church in the world. Then it explores the implications of the ecclesiology of the church as the family of God for the local church. A proper understanding of these issues is necessary because it helps the Vietnamese church to apply authentically the model of the church as the family of God. Chapter One discusses the biblical understanding of the family of God as the metaphor for the relationships between God and his people and among members in the church. The metaphor “the family/the household of God” was applied to the house church in early Christianity and provides some relevant implications for the church today. Chapter Two examines the theological foundations of the concept in patristic writings, in the liturgy and in church documents. Chapter Three explores the components of an ecclesiology of the church as the family of God which include trinitarian, Basic Ecclesial Communities, ancestral veneration and liberation ecclesiologies. Chapter Four investigates the traditional as well as modern Vietnamese family and its challenges in order to identify the foundation of the understanding of the concept of family in the local church. Chapter Five describes the development of the concept/model of the church as family in the organisation of the Vietnamese church that appeared in the seventeenth century and in some documents of the local church. Chapter Six analyses church hierarchy and the participation of the people of God. It provides some implications of the ecclesiology of the church as God’s family for the promotion of the participatory church in Vietnam. Chapter Seven examines the characteristics of and the practical tools in the church’s social mission and explores the challenges to the implications of the social mission of the church as the family of God. The conclusions of this thesis are that the concept/model and the applications of the church as the family of God have basic foundations in scripture, in patristic writings and in church documents. The concept of family in these materials implies two main meanings: the familial relationships between God and the people of God (or the church) and the mutual relationships among people in the church as well as in society. These relationships are based on human interactions in the family which are problematic in some situations. Therefore, the model of the church as family must be patterned on trinitarian communion of the divine family so that it can overcome the limitations of the human family. In that context, the Vietnamese family pointed out advantages as well as disadvantages in the development of the model of the church as family. The concept of family is very close to the Vietnamese; it provides some possibilities to develop the participation in the church and its mission in society. However, to some extent, the concept and the structure of the Vietnamese family which was influenced by Confucianism have challenged the local church in these areas. Therefore, the proper understanding of hierarchy and the church’s social mission were discussed. Based on that understanding some applications were also proposed in order to help the Vietnamese church to overcome these challenges and become an authentic model of the family of God.

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Grant, Susannah, and n/a. "God�s governor : George Grey and racial amalgamation in New Zealand 1845-1853." University of Otago. Department of History, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070427.112933.

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The legend of Governor Grey is a major feature of nineteenth century New Zealand historiography. This thesis seeks to understand Grey as a real person. Acknowledging the past as a strange and foreign place, it argues that Grey (and previous interpretations of him) can only be understood in context. The intellectual milieu of liberal Anglicanism and Victorian structures of imperial authority are crucial to understanding Grey�s policies of racial amalgamation. Focusing on Grey�s first governorship of New Zealand, 1845 - 1853, this thesis begins by exploring the imperial networks within which he operated. The members of Grey�s web gathered and shared information to further a range of different agendas - scientific, humanitarian, and political. Grey�s main focus was native civilisation. His ideas about race were informed by liberal Anglican theology, scientific investigation and personal experience. Grey believed in the unity and improvability of all mankind. His mission as governor was to elevate natives to a state of true equality with Europeans so that all could progress together still further up the scale of civilisation. This model formed the basis of Grey�s 1840 plan for civilising native peoples, in which he proposed a range of measures to promote racial amalgamation in Australia. Between 1845 and 1853 Grey implemented those measures in New Zealand. He used military force and British law to establish peace and enforce Crown authority. He used economic policies to encourage Maori integration in the colonial economy. He built schools and hospitals and enacted legislation to encourage the best features of British culture and limit the effects of its worst. He also augmented his power and encouraged amalgamation through personal relationships, official reports and the structures of colonial authority. Grey was driven by complex, sometimes contradictory motives including personal gain, economic imperatives and political pressures. His policies have had ongoing, often devastating effects, on Maori and on race relations in New Zealand. This thesis brings to light the ideas and attitudes which formed them. Grey understood himself as a Christian governor ordained to civilise Maori and join them with British settlers in accordance with God�s divine plan for improving humankind.

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Sharman, Elizabeth, and n/a. "Imagining the revealed God : Hans Urs von Balthasar, Eberhard Jungel, and the triduum mortis." University of Otago. Department of Theology and Religious Studies, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070615.112629.

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'Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your minds.' [Rom 12:2] Hans Urs von Balthasar and Eberhard Jungel are profound and imaginative thinkers who unreservedly ground their theologies in revelation as God�s self-disclosure. This thesis asks what resources such revelation-centred authors, from different traditions, may contribute to a theological understanding of the human imagination. Although theology has often been more interested in the constructive capacities of the imagination, it is the responsive quality of the imagination that is of particular interest to this thesis. Can the imagination contribute to a theological understanding which comprehends the action and speech of God as antecedent to human response? This thesis examines the epistemological issues that are related both to the imagination and to revelation as the self-communication and self-interpretation of God. The imagination is conceived of as essential to perception and understanding; it allows for both recognition and re-cognition. Through the imagination we can rethink the patterns or paradigms that shape our lives. The renewing of the mind can be said to involve the imagination. However, spiritual transformation requires more than a notion of the imagination as a spontaneous mental act which determines its own content. Balthasar and Jungel, while thinking in lively and narrative ways, are constrained by divine self-disclosure. God�s self-revelation provides the content of the paradigm or pattern by which the Christian believer is to live. The imagination can be said to act as the context or locus of revelation. This thesis demonstrates that the three days of Easter are central to Balthasar�s and Jungel�s respective understandings of God. For Balthasar and Jungel, the triduum mortis is where the self-revelation of God is most apparent; it is here that God is understood to be self-giving love as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. While quite distinct in their approaches, both authors work within trinitarian, and therefore relational, frameworks. This thesis traces the motifs that not only express their understandings of the paschal mystery in relational terms but also ground their respective understandings of renewed existence; for Balthasar, the motifs of mission and kenosis, and for Jungel, those of identification and justification. For both Balthasar and Jungel, the events of the triduum mortis can be said to provide the content of, and act as a boundary to, our conception of God. Nonetheless, it is proposed that, within their respective understandings of divine prevenience, Balthasar and Jungel leave room for the exercise of the imagination. God is mystery; God is not a fixed or completed concept.

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Clifton, Shane Jack, and res cand@acu edu au. "An Analysis of the Developing Ecclesiology of the Assemblies of God in Australia." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp78.25092005.

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The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyse and assess the developing ecclesiology of the Assemblies of God in Australia (AGA). In chapter one, after reviewing the sparse literature on pentecostal ecclesiology, we turn to a contemplation of ecclesiological method. We note that some of the typical approaches, including biblicist and communio ecclesiologies, are idealist in orientation, since they contemplate the church in abstraction from its concrete, socio-historical and cultural identity. In chapter two we develop an alternative method, building particularly on the insights of Joseph Komonchak and Neil Ormerod, who argue that the object of ecclesiology is not ecclesial ideals but, rather, the set (or sets) of experiences, understandings, symbols, words, judgements, statements, decisions, actions, relationships, and institutions which distinguish the group of people called “the Church.” This leads to a concrete methodology that is derived from the explicit and implicit ecclesiology apparent in the history of the church. It also recognises that the church is a social reality as well as a divinely ordained community and, therefore, that the ecclesiologist needs to incorporate the insights of both the disciplines of theology and sociology. A large part of our discussion in chapter two is thus concerned with the nature of the interaction between these various disciplines.The method outlined in these early chapters forms the basis of our exploration of the ecclesiology of the AGA in chapters three to five. In line with our methodological construction, each chapter begins with the narrative of particular periods in the movement’s history, focusing especially on times of ecclesial transition and development. These narrative sections not only tell a story that has, largely, remained untold, but they also seek to draw out the explicit and implicit elements of AGA ecclesiology. In each chapter, narrative is followed by analysis which, firstly, clarifies central aspects of the developing ecclesiology and, secondly, attempts to assess what has been gained and lost in the process of ecclesiological change. With regard to the content of these chapters, chapter three treats the development of early pentecostalism, and the transition from unstructured and loosely knit faith mission communities to congregationally structured churches. Chapter four analyses the institutional formation of Australian pentecostalism, focusing particularly on the formalisation of the AGA. Of concern during this period was the relationship between churches and centralised bodies, as well as the roles and responsibilities of church leadership. Chapter five then treats the developments in AGA ecclesiology that accompanied the charismatic revival of the 1960s, 70s and 80s, as well as the institutional changes that occurred due to the rapid growth of the movement. In the concluding chapter six, we summarise our research, and intimate potential trajectories for the AGA as it moves into the twenty first century. In the light of our analysis and assessment, we also make some suggestions for ecclesial self-reflection.

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au, sblack@ccwa wa gov, and Silvia Beatriz Black. "The thermodynamic chemistry of the aqueous copper-ammonia thiosulfate system." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070508.154242.

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A fundamental thermodynamic study was undertaken in order to establish the speciation of copper(I) and copper(II) during the leaching and recovery of gold from thiosulfate-copper-ammonia solutions. Despite considerable research into this complex leaching system, the lack of important fundamental chemistry has delayed the implementation of the thiosulfate process as an alternative to cyanidation. Over the last two decades, research in this field has focused on the kinetics and electrochemistry of leaching, which involves the use of copper(II) as an oxidant. However, the fundamental thermodynamic data for copper(I) and copper(II) in this system is limited. Ion association was found to significantly affect the dissociation constant of the ammonium ion in solutions containing sodium sulfate and/or sodium thiosulfate, thus influencing the free ammonia concentration in solution. These findings highlight the importance of using the correct dissociation constant value in thermodynamic studies that involve ammonia in order to obtain precise stability constants. It has been established that the mixed-ligand complexes Cu(NH3)(S2O3)23- and Cu(NH3)(S2O3)- exist in solution and they are more stable than the other species Cu(S2O3)35-, Cu(NH3)2+ and Cu(NH3)3+ at high concentrations of ammonia and/or thiosulfate. The relative proportions of each two species is dependant on the [NH3]:[S2O32-] ratio in solution. This is reflected in two- and three- dimensional speciation diagrams that have been constructed for typical leaching and recovery processes using the stability constants obtained in this study. The 3-dimensional diagrams reveal subtle speciation trends that are not easily discernable from the 2-dimensional diagrams. An investigation into the effect of high sulfate and chloride concentrations showed that these anions are not involved in the complexation with copper(I)-ammonia or copper(I)-ammonia-thiosulfate species under the experimental conditions studied. However, these anions and perchlorate formed relatively stable species with the copper(II)-ammine complexes in the absence of thiosulfate. Stability constants were obtained for the species Cu(NH3)4SO40, Cu(NH3)4Cl+ and Cu(NH3)4ClO4+ and it is suggested that these anionic ligands form outer-sphere complexes with the Cu(NH3)42+ ion. Various methods of predicting stability constants for mixed-ligand complexes from those for the corresponding single ligand systems have been evaluated for this copper(I) system. Although the results have not been quantitatively accurate, the trends suggest that an appropriate method may serve as a useful qualitative tool to predict the possible existence of mixed-ligand complexes. The combined application of 2- and 3-dimensional speciation and potential diagrams could be used as a hydrometallurgical tool in the design, optimization and control of possible future processes for the extraction of gold using thiosulfate in the presence of copper ions and ammonia. The work presented in this thesis adds to our understanding of the chemistry of copper(I) and copper(II) in this leaching system.

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30

Mauck, Erin E. "Oregon's Death with Dignity Act: Socially Constructing a Good Death." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3043.

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As aid-in-dying legislation expands across the United States, this study examines the dynamics influencing participation in Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act. In addition to data from secondary sources, this thesis analyzes field research data collected in Oregon, including 14 in-depth interviews with volunteers and employees of two advocacy organizations at the center of legalized physician-assisted death. Themes emerged including the conditions that motivate participation, the importance of both personal and professional autonomy, the significance of a good death, and the growth of open dialogues about end of life choices. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the impact Death with Dignity laws could have across the United States, with a specific focus on the state of Tennessee.

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Carswell, Margaret F., and res cand@acu edu au. "Biblical Metaphors for God in the Primary Level of the Religious Education Series To Know Worship And Love." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp137.17052007.

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To Know Worship and Love is the religious instruction curriculum produced and mandated for use by the Archdiocese of Melbourne. The primary series comprises a Teaching Companion and Student Text for every level of education, Preparatory to Year 6. This study undertakes examination of the series to determine if biblical metaphors for God which contain a physical vehicle are used and presented within it in accord with the accepted exegetical practices of the Church. The study begins by examining Church documents that pertain to both religious instruction and Scripture to determine a set of principles which should guide the use of Scripture. Notable among the six principles elucidated is the expectation that the use of Scripture should reflect accepted exegetical practices of the Church. These are defined as those which enable a clear understanding of the literal sense of Scripture, as ascertained through use of the Historical-Critical method. In order to come to a sound understanding of the literal sense of metaphors, the study reviews how they work and what results from their use. Such a review is important for two reasons. First, in the finding that metaphors for God prompt the formation of a concept of God, the need for their valid interpretation in religious instruction is stressed. Second, it enables the articulation of eight specific requirements for the interpretation of biblical metaphors for God. Subsequent examination of the series against what is required reveals that of the eight requirements, only one is provided within the series. No unit or activity identifies the sixty-three biblical metaphors cited in the series and no unit teaches students how they work to communicate meaning. No unit provides information of the vehicles used within their historical setting and no unit explains the historical circumstances which gave rise to the dominance of certain metaphors. In order to explain why biblical metaphors for God are presented so poorly in To Know Worship and Love, the use of Scripture generally in the series is examined against the six principles drawn from Church documents. The finding that the series does not observe the principles which should guide the use of Scripture, in particular, the finding that the series does not use accepted exegetical practices of the Church, provides significant insight into the inadequate presentation of metaphors. The study concludes by making three recommendations. First, it recommends that a process of rewriting To Know Worship and Love must be undertaken immediately. Second, it recommends that the use and placement of Scripture in religious instruction programmes in the future adhere to the six principles of the Church outlined in this study. Third, it recommends that the clear and accurate teaching of what metaphors and how they work be made a priority in religious instruction programmes.

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Dalseno, Michael Peter, and n/a. "Made in the Image of the Church: The Transmission of Church-Based Values." Griffith University. School of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030731.102027.

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Following the completion of four minor research projects as part of a doctoral program at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, the writer developed an interest in the church-based values and beliefs held by students in Ministry Training Colleges (MTCs). The four minor projects revealed that a strongly embedded culture seemed to exist within the Assemblies Of God (AOG) in Australia. The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission of church-based values to students in an AOG, Ministry Training College (MTC) context. It undertakes this task by asking five Research Questions: What values are transmitted in AOG church contexts? ; From what principal sources do the values come? ; Why are the values transmitted in AOG church contexts? ; How, and by what means, are these values transmitted? ; and How and why would students choose to acquire these values? After briefly describing the religious context in Australia, defining the meaning of values, and examining various models of transfer, the dissertation includes a review of the literature relevant to values processes. The review is organized according to the Research Questions. From this, a theoretical explanation is produced that anticipates how values processes may impact on MTC students in an AOG context. A suitable method was selected, namely interactive interviews, from which to obtain data relevant to the Research Questions. Six student subjects from a MTC in Australia, as a selected group of AOG participants, were subsequently interviewed and the data were organized, presented and analyzed. The data analysis and interpretation confirmed the theoretical position taken as far as their overall applicability to values transfer was concerned, namely: the values transmitted are primarily charismatic values, with some lesser emphasis on character values; the sources from which the values come are primarily Christian-influenced; the values are transmitted in AOG contexts because AOG churches, departments and ministries aim to be change agents in the community, to promote church continuance, and to a lesser extent, to motivate their members; the values are transmitted through various AOG communicative methods and through utilizing suitable venues for facilitating transmission. Low-Road conditions (i.e., transferring values across highly similar situations) are utilized; and MTC students choose to acquire values because of their personal interests and passions, including their desire to be accepted within the AOG church. However, the data also indicate that the unique, personal characteristics of MTC students strongly impact on the way they engage with values processes. In short, the students are highly compliant and committed to the church. However, each student respondent has his/her own set of reasons and characteristics for cooperating with church-based values. The dissertation concludes by identifying a number of issues raised by the data, that need further investigation, and by discussing some of the implications arising from the data. Its key finding is that AOG students tend to eagerly acquire church-based values, even though they have different reasons for doing so, and that they present themselves to the AOG church as highly compliant. In this sense, students may be seen as "made in the image of the church".

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com, sawan jonguwa@au experian, and Pornsawan Jongpaiboonkit. "Dynamic Modelling and Optimisation of Carbon Management Strategies in Gold Processing." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040820.131520.

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This thesis presents the development and application of a dynamic model of gold adsorption onto activated carbon in gold processing. The primary aim of the model is to investigate different carbon management strategies of the Carbon in Pulp (CIP) process. This model is based on simple film-diffusion mass transfer and the Freundlich isotherm to describe the equilibrium between the gold in solution and gold adsorbed onto carbon. A major limitation in the development of a dynamic model is the availability of accurate plant data that tracks the dynamic behaviour of the plant. This limitation is overcome by using a pilot scale CIP gold processing plant to obtain such data. All operating parameters of this pilot plant can be manipulated and controlled to a greater degree than that of a full scale plant. This enables a greater amount of operating data to be obtained and utilised. Two independent experiments were performed to build the model. A series of equilibrium tests were performed to obtain parameter values for the Freundlich isotherm, and results from an experimental run of the CIP pilot plant were used to obtain other model parameter values. The model was then verified via another independent experiment. The results show that for a given set of operating conditions, the simulated predictions were in good agreement with the CIP pilot plant experimental data. The model was then used to optimise the operations of the pilot plant. The evaluation of the plant optimisation simulations was based on an objective function developed to quantitatively compare different simulated conditions. This objective function was derived from the revenue and costs of the CIP plant. The objective function costings developed for this work were compared with published data and were found to be within the published range. This objective function can be used to evaluate the performance of any CIP plant from a small scale laboratory plant to a full scale gold plant. The model, along with its objective function, was used to investigate different carbon management strategies and to determine the most cost effective approach. A total of 17 different carbon management strategies were investigated. An additional two experimental runs were performed on the CIP pilot plant to verify the simulation model and objective function developed. Finally an application of the simulation model is discussed. The model was used to generate plant data to develop an operational classification model of the CIP process using machine learning algorithms. This application can then be used as part of an online diagnosis tool.

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McNamara, Phillip. "A modernist sensibility and Christian wit in the work of Tom Gibbons /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0124.

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com, seanzhang06@hotmail, and Xin-min Zhang. "The dissolution of gold colloids in aqueous thiosulfate solutions." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090807.121135.

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The kinetics of the dissolution of gold and silver colloids in ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions has been studied using oxygen, copper(II) or oxygenated copper(II) as oxidants at pH 9 - 11 and temperature 22oC to 48oC. The effects of the concentration of the main reagents such as copper(II), ammonia and thiosulfate as well as various background reagents have been investigated. Gold and silver colloids have characteristic absorption peaks at 530 nm and 620 nm respectively. Thus, the extent of gold or silver dissolution in different lixiviant systems was monitored using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. A comparison of the behaviour of gold colloids and powders has also been made. The beneficial or detrimental effects of silver colloid, and background reagents such as silver nitrate, and sodium salts of nitrate, carbonate, sulfite, sulfate, trithionate, tetrathionate anions have also been investigated. Experimental results show that the relative rates and the extent of gold colloid dissolution at 25ºC in different lixiviant systems in a given time interval are in the order: oxygen-cyanide > copper(II)-ammonia-thiosulfate ≈ oxygen-copper(II)- ammonia-thiosulfate > oxygen ammonia-thiosulfate ≥ oxygen-ammonia > copper(II) ammonia. The analysis of electrode potentials shows that Au(S2O3)23- is the predominant gold(I) species in the lixiviant solutions containing oxygen or copper(II) as oxidant and thiosulfate or mixed ammonia-thiosulfate as ligands. During the reaction of copper(II) with thiosulfate in ammoniacal solution without oxygen, the measured potential using a platinum electrode represent the redox couple Cu(NH3)n2+/Cu(S2O3)m1-2m (n = 4 or 3, m = 3 or 2) depending on the concentrations of thiosulfate and ammonia. The initial dissolution rates of gold colloid by oxygen in copper-free solutions show a reaction order of 0.28 with respect to the concentration of dissolved oxygen, but independent of the concentration of ammonia and thiosulfate. The reaction activation energy of 25 kJ/mol in the temperature range 25°C to 48°C indicated a diffusion controlled reaction. The initial dissolution rates of gold colloid by oxidation with copper(II) in oxygenfree solutions show reaction orders of 0.41, 0.49, 0.60, 0.15 and 0.20 with respect to the concentrations of copper(II), thiosulfate, ammonia, chloride and silver respectively. The presence of silve (I) or chloride ions enhances the rate of gold dissolution, indicating their involvement in the surface reaction, possibly by interfering with or preventing a passivating sulfur rich film on gold surface. An activation energy of 40-50 kJ/mol for the dissolution of gold by oxidation with copper(II) in the temperature range 22°C to 48°C suggests a mixed chemically/diffusion controlled reaction. The dissolution of gold by oxidation with copper(II) in oxygen-free solutions appears to be a result of the reaction between gold, thiosulfate ions and the mixed complex Cu(NH3)p(S2O3)0. The half order reactions support electrochemical mechanisms in some cases. The initial dissolution rates of gold colloid, massive gold and gold-silver alloys by oxygenated copper(II) solutions also suggest a reaction that is first order with respect to copper(II) concentration. High oxygen concentration in solutions has a negative effect on the initial rate of gold dissolution and overall percentage of gold dissolution, indicating that oxygen affects the copper(II), copper(I) or sulfur species which in turn affects the gold dissolution. The surface reaction produces Au(NH3)(S2O3)- and Cu(NH3)p+. The mixed complexes Au(NH3)(S2O3)- and Cu(NH3)p+ re-equilibrate to the more stable complexes Au(S2O3)23- and Cu(S2O3)35- in solution. The dissolution of gold powder by oxidation with copper(II) in oxygen-free solutions shows the same trends as that of gold colloid. The presence of silver(I) or chloride ions enhances the initial rate and percentage dissolution of gold colloid and powder. The dissolution kinetics of gold powder and colloid follow a shrinking sphere kinetic model in solutions of relatively low concentrations of thiosulfate and ammonia, with apparent rate constants being inversely proportional to particle radius. The best system for dissolving gold based on the results of this work is the copper(II)-ammonia-thiosulfate solution in the absence of oxygen or in the presence of oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, copper(II) 1.5-4.5 mM, thiosulfate 20-50 mM, ammonia 120-300 mM and pH 9.3-10 are the best conditions. The presences of carbonate and sulfite have a significant negative effect on the dissolution of gold. The presence of sodium trithionate shows a beneficial effect in the first two hours, while sodium tetrathionate or lead nitrate have a small negative effect and sodium nitrate showed no effect on the dissolution of gold. Silver nitrate and sodium chloride also show beneficial effects. In the presence of oxygen, copper(II) 2.0-3.0 mM, thiosulfate 50 mM, ammonia 240 mM and pH 9.3-9.5 are the best conditions.

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Zhang, Xin-Min. "The dissolution of gold colloids in aqueous thiosulfate solutions /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090807.121135.

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37

Wernberg, Johan. "Biblioteket och den goda boken : Om skönlitteraturens bibliotekspolitiska särställning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156546.

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The aim of this study is to investigate why fictional literature holds a privileged position within the Swedish library system through a discourse analysis of the Swedish Library Act. The analysis suggests that the privileged position might be understood partly through a symbolic association with the book as a symbol of knowledge, and partly through the institutionalization of the illusio of literature manifested in the myth of the good book. The study is concluded by a discussion on whether fictional literature ought to keep its privileged position, in which I argue in its favor and for the need of replacing the myth of the good book with a body of reason.

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Venkatachalam, Dinesh Kumar, and Dinesh Venkatachalam@anu edu au. "Study of Self-assembled Gold Nanocluster Patterns in Ion Implanted Silicon: Order from Disorder." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081209.113630.

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Gold (Au) implantation in silicon (Si) has been a topic of great interest from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Ion implantation is a versatile technique due to its ability to form surface-embedded nanoparticles that provide better adhesion. Also, being an integral part of the substrate lattice, the nanoclusters produced by ion implantation are free from impurities and their size distribution can be controlled by carefully optimizing the beam parameters. During our experiments to produce nanoclusters of Au on Si for use as seeds for the growth of nanowires, we stumbled across an unusual pattern formation process under specific conditions. This unique self-assembly process is observed only within a critical threshold implantation fluence and above a threshold annealing temperature. Fabrication of ordered arrays of metal nanoparticles on Si substrates is of significance for both fundamental science associated with low-dimensional physics and technical app lications. The application of functional nanostructures strongly depends on their assembly in ordered one- or two- dimensional arrangements. These arrangements may play an important role in fabricating ordered arrays of semiconductor/oxide nanowires.This thesis discusses a systematic study performed to understand the temperature and time dependent nucleation, growth of Au nanoclusters and evolution of the self-assembled patterns. A growth model is proposed to show the re-crystallization behaviour of Au supersaturated amorphous silicon (a-Si) on Si substrate. The observed self-assembled periodic patterns of Au nanoclusters bear resemblance to the Liesegang ring structures prevalent in some chemical reaction-diffusion systems. Based on this systematic study of the growth and morphology of Au nanoclusters, a tentative growth mechanism has been proposed for the formation mechanism of this unusual self-assembled pattern. The pattern formation of this non-equilibrium process is expected to originate due to instabilities of the three scales of Au nanoclusters at elevated temperatures. The kinetics of pattern formation from a supersaturated solid solution (a-Si/Au alloy) is demonstrated using numerical solutions obtained by a two-dimensional growth model, which takes into account the nucleation, diffusion and the aggregation process. The numerical solution of the diffusion equations appear to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

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Basi, Reddy Sreenivasulu Reddy, and s3046678@student rmit edu au. "A novel gold nanoparticle-based approach for the rapid diagnosis of meningococcal infection." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080730.165053.

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The bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Given the limitations of existing diagnostic tests and the severity of the illness associated with the disease, there is a clear requirement for a rapid and specific diagnostic assay. This thesis describes the development of nanoparticle based tests for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis specific cell surface markers. As an initial target antigen, a recombinant form of highly conserved outer membrane protein, OMP85 was used. Within the OMP85 protein sequence, a predicted antigenic sequence between residues 720 and 745 was identified and found to be unique to this organism. This amino acid sequence was synthesised as peptide (SR1) with a gly-gly-cysteine spacer sequence at the N-terminus using t-boc chemistry. Also, the major virulence factor, capsular polysaccharide of N. meningitidis serogroup B bacteria was purified. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against purified OMP85 antigen in rabbits and against SR1 peptide and also against formalin inactivated N. meningitidis serogroup B whole cell bacteria in sheep. This panel of different antibodies including the commercial anti-capsular monoclonal antibodies were examined for cross reactivity against a range of closely related Gram negative bacteria. Based on these cross-reactivity studies, a highly specific anti-NM antibody was developed following purification of the anti-SR1 antiserum by immuno-affinity chromatography. Purified OMP85 antigen and anti-OMP85 antibody were successfully conjugated on 13, 30, 40, 50 and 60 nm gold nanoparticles by an electrostatic adsorption method. Coupling of the gold nanoparticles results in a shift of the respective surface plasmon peak toward longer wavelengths (in the range of 600-800 nm) resulting in a change of the colour of the colloidal suspension from red to purple to blue. An attempt was made to develop a rapid diagnostic assay based on gold nanoparticle induced colour shift assay for N. meningitidis by utilising the specific interaction of OMP85 and anti-OMP85 antibody conjugated to gold nanoparticles as a model system. However, this system was not reproducible and is likely to be due to problems with stability of gold nanoparticles during the conjugation process. As an alternative approach, a highly selective quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based immunosensor was designed using the same OMP85/anti-OMP85 antibody system. A method was developed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coated QCM crystals with protein A for the directional orientation of the antibodies. To further enhance the sensitivity of the test, OMP85-conjugated gold nanoparticles were used as signal amplification probes for the reproducible detection of the target down to 300 ng/mL, corresponding to a five fold increase in sensitivity compared to detection of OMP85 antigen alone. Also, this sensor has successfully been employed to detect whole cell bacteria at a concentration as low as 100 cfu/mL. Thus, in this study using the real-time QCM measurements, a novel strategy has been developed for the sensitive detection of both N. meningitidis bacteria and the protein antigen at very low concentrations, using gold nanoparticles as signal amplification probes.

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Mirzadeh, Nedaossadat, and s3114476@student rmit edu au. "Synthesis, structures and reactions of new cyclometallated dinuclear gold complexes containing the fluorine-substituted ligands." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081204.114414.

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The dinuclear cyclometallated gold(I) complex [Au2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] was prepared in high yield from the reaction of 2-LiC6F4PPh2 with either [AuBr(AsPh3)] or [AuCl(tht)], and from the reaction of 2-Me3SnC6F4PPh2 with [AuCl(tht)]. The digold(I) complex undergoes oxidative addition reactions with halogens to give the metal-metal bonded dihalodigold(II) complexes [Au2IIX2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] (X = Cl, Br, I), which on warming or exposure to light, isomerise to give the heterovalent gold(I)-gold(III) species [XAu(µ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)AuX] containing a four-membered cyclometallated ring on a gold(III) centre. Unlike its protio analogue, [Au2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] did not undergo oxidative addition of methyl iodide or dibenzoyl peroxide. The dihalodigold(II) [Au2IIX2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] and gold(I)-gold(III) compounds [XAu(µ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)AuX] (X = Cl, Br) are further oxidised by halogens to give the digold(III) species [Au2X4(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] and [X3Au(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)AuX], respectively. The complexes [Au2X4(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] are reduced to the dihalodigold(II) complexes in the presence of one equivalent of zinc powder; further addition of zinc gave the parent digold(I) dimer. Treatment of [Au2IICl2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] and [ClAu(µ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)AuCl] with an excess of silver nitrate, benzoate, acetate, trifluoroacetate or triflate gave the corresponding oxyanion complexes. Slow crystallisation of the di(benzoato)digold(II) complex from dichloromethane and methanol gave the parent digold(I) complex derived by reductive elimination. The di(triflato)digold(II) complex behaved similarly, although in this case the novel gold(I) tetramer [Au4(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)4] was formed together with the dimer. Two closely related gold complexes containing the chelating κ2(C,O) phosphine oxide ligand, 2-C6F4P(O)PPh2, were isolated from the reaction of [ClAu(µ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)AuCl] with an excess of silver nitrate. The reaction of [Au2IICl2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] with two equivalents of potassium trifluoroethoxide failed to give the corresponding digold(II) bis(alkoxo) complex; instead, reduction took place to form the digold(I) dimer [Au2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2]. Treatment of a solution of the di(benzoato)digold(II) complex with C6F5Li gave the pentafluorophenyl complex [Au2(C6F5)2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] which, when heated in toluene, rearranged to the gold(I)-gold(III) complex [(C6F5)Au(µ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)Au(C6F5)], analogous to the behaviour of the dihalodigold(II) complexes. The heterovalent, gold(I)-gold(III) dimethyl compound [Au2I,III(CH3)2(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)2] was obtained from the reaction of the di(benzoato)digold(II) complex with dimethylzinc. This compound is structurally similar to its tetraprotio analogue. The cycloaurated dinuclear gold complexes [Au2(μ-C6H3-n-F-2-PPh2)2] (n = 5, 6) were made similarly to the 2-C6F4PPh2 analogue from the appropriate lithium or tin reagents, though in some cases the dimers were formed in admixture with the corresponding gold(I) tetramers. Like their tetrafluoro analogues, the 6-fluoro complexes [Au2X2(μ-C6H3-6-F-2-PPh2)2] (X = Cl, Br, I) rearrange on heating to give the heterovalent gold(I)-gold(III) species [XAu(µ-C6H3-6-F-2-PPh2)(κ2-C6H3-6-F-2-PPh2)AuX]. Thus, the presence of a fluorine atom in place of hydrogen in the 6-position of the bridging aryl group is sufficient to stop the isomerisation of the digold(II) complexes [Au2X2(μ-2-C6H4PPh2)2] at the gold(I)-gold(III) stage and to prevent subsequent C-C coupling of the aryl groups at the gold(III) centre. In contrast, the dihalodigold(II) complexes containing the 5-fluoro substituted ligand undergo reductive elimination and coupling of the metallated aryl groups to give the digold(I) biphenyldiyl complexes [Au2X2(2,2'-Ph2P-5-FC6H3C6H3-5-F-PPh2)] (X = Cl, Br, I). The described complexes were characterised using 1H NMR, 31P NMR, 19F NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and 197Au Mössbauer spectroscopy.

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Harvey, Ann-Marie, and res cand@acu edu au. "Towards a Fifth Gospel via Schillebeeckx and Solle." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, 2003. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp32.29082005.

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The aim of this thesis, Towards ajifth gospel via Schillebeeclx and Solle, is a search for God and God's gospel. It is a quest in which I combine Edward Schillebeeckx's belief that Christian life is a fifth gospel and Dorothee Solle's praxis-orientated theology into a contrapuntal theological conversation. I argue that through each theologian's vision of Christian life a theological and hermeneutical framework is established within which men and women of faith can interpret change and prepare the world and church for God's transforming newness. The scope of this thesis identifies a life-giving Christianity by investigating common theological themes in the work of Schillebeeckx and Solle. On the basis of the insights of both theologians I argue that all believers are called to critically reinterpret belief in the God of Jesus, that human experience is the horizon for reflection and interpretation. That mystics and prophets communicate God's saving love within an ethic of responsibility for this world, and that when Christian communities engage in

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42

Hajdu, Joseph George, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Japanese investment on the Gold Coast: The interface of globalization and locality." Deakin University. School of Australian and International Studies, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.161432.

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This study explored the interface between the forces of globalization and a given place, at a given time, the Gold Coast during the 1980s. The global economic boom of the 1980s was one in which the role of Japan was particularly important. In less than half a decade capital flows from Japan surged to make it the world's largest investor. Locations in the Pacific Basin were favoured destinations for Japanese investment, one of the most significant was the Gold Coast. Japanese capital and tourism helped transform its urban area from a national resort to an international tourist destination and resort centre, The surge of capital arriving to the Gold Coast was a function of economic conditions in Japan, as was its steep reduction after November 1989, Thus the Gold Coast became integrated into global capital flows and so dependent on decisions made in Tokyo, one of the main financial centres of the world. However this study has also sought to explore a more complex reality; namely, that this place also became the interface of complex cultural forces and perceptions. The wealth of the Japanese investors on the Gold Coast enabled them to realize their dream of developing projects in the most fashionable global styles. These styles were essentially Western, and it was onto these that their Japanese owners ascribed their own meanings; meanings that reflected the cultural baggage that they had brought from Japan, and through which were filtered the economic and environmental realities of the Gold Coast. The Gold Coast as locality also included residents. Hence it became an interface between two different groups of people, the Japanese and the strongly Anglo-Celtic local community. Some in the local community perceived the Japanese presence as a threat to their perception of the Gold Coast, in fact, a threat to their perception of Australia's national identity. A campaign based on the politics of memory of the Japanese developed on the Gold Coast. Within weeks it became a national debate in which isolationalist, if not xenophobic traditionalists, concentrated on the Gold Coast challenged the economic rationalism and multicultural tolerance of the self-interested and ideologically convinced advocates of globalization. Governments at all levels sought to arbitrate, to legitimize standpoints, but more often than not were seen to move into positions of ineffectual flexibility. The forces of globalization on the Gold Coast were catalysts for change that in turn provoked local opposition which rapidly became a debate about national identity and direction. It is in the exploration of the complex and contradictory economic, cultural and political forces engendered by globalization that this study has sought to make a distinctive contribution.

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Hart, Craig Joseph Ronald. "Mid-Cretaceous magmatic evolution and intrusion-related metallogeny of the Tintina Gold Province, Yukon and Alaska." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0062/.

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Learmonth, Nicola K., and n/a. "Definitions of obedience in Paradise regained." University of Otago. Department of English, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071108.162331.

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The thesis has two parts. Part One surveys the debate on how to define Christian obedience and Milton�s prose contributions to that discourse. In the century leading up to Milton�s prose writings there was much debate in England over how to define spiritual obedience. Civil authorities argued that matters of religion fell within state jurisdiction and that an individual�s spiritual obedience should be subject to outward scrutiny and external control; but these definitions were contested by Protestant reformers. Chapter One traces the issue up to Milton�s contributions. Chapter Two traces Milton�s thinking about obedience, spiritual and secular, through his own prose writings: Milton defines obedience as a responsible freedom which requires continual critical assessment of authority. In reaction to the political and ecclesiastical developments of his own time, Milton places increasing emphasis on the role of the individual in defining and expressing obedience to God by means of scriptural study and open discussion. Milton argues that liberty is a necessary pre-condition for giving true obedience to God, and this idea comes to the fore in the later prose tracts, which respond to political and ecclesiastical developments that Milton interpreted as threatening the individual�s liberty of conscience. Part Two examines Paradise Regained (1671), in which Milton advances his interpretation of obedience through his characterisation of the Son of God. Chapter Three shows how Milton links those forms of Christian obedience which he rejects in his prose writing to either Satan or satanic influence. Through his depiction of the Son�s responses to Satan, Milton indicates that Satan�s versions of obedience are designed to distract the Son, and any other believer, from giving proper obedience to God. Chapter Four traces how Milton�s depiction of the Son of God demonstrates his understanding of the right reasons for, and ways of, giving proper obedience to God. The Son�s firm obedience is a state of mind and comprises knowledge of God through scriptural study, conversation and meditation. This exemplary obedience is motivated by an appreciation for and desire to participate in God�s glory (ie., Creation), and Milton indicates that it is this appreciation of divine glory that enables the Son of God to successfully resist Satan�s temptations. Chapter Five examines Milton�s final episode, the pinnacle temptation, in terms of the obedience which he has approved throughout the poem. This chapter addresses Milton�s handling of the reader�s expectations for this scene, and the symbolic language and setting of the pinnacle episode. Unlike any other writers on the temptations in the wilderness, Milton invests the Son�s victory (and Satan�s defeat) on the pinnacle with symbolic power by depicting the Son standing in firm obedience to God. Thus Milton presents his reader with the definitive expression of humanity�s obedience to God: the Son�s stand is a symbolic return to the "Godlike erect" stance ascribed to prelapsarian humanity in Paradise Lost (PL, IV.289), and with this firm, upright obedience Milton shows the rest of humanity how to regain Paradise.

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Salier, Brock Peter. "The timing and source of gold-bearing fluids in the Laverton Greenstone Belt, Yilgarn Craton, with emphasis on the Wallaby gold deposit." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0013.

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[Truncated abstract] The Laverton Greenstone Belt (LGB), located in the northeastern part of the Eastern Goldfields Province (EGP) of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, has a total contained gold endowment of over 690t. An important feature of the gold deposits in the LGB is their close spatial association with granitoids, with many gold deposits located adjacent to, or hosted by, granitoids. Recently-proposed genetic models for Archaean orogenic gold deposits have emphasised the role of granitoids in the formation of ore-deposits, but differ significantly in the nature of that role. Some models suggest that the granitoids are a source of ore-fluids and solutes, whereas others suggest that granitoids exert an important structural control on gold mineralisation. Such competing genetic models for gold mineralisation variably propose either a proximal-magmatic or distal-metamorphic, or less commonly distal-magmatic, source for goldbearing fluids, or mixing of fluids from multiple sources. Isotope geochemistry and geochronological studies are used to constrain the source and timing of auriferous fluids at nine gold deposits in the LGB in an attempt to differentiate between conflicting genetic models. To overcome the lack of detailed deposit-scale geological constraints inherent to any regional study, hypotheses generated from regional datasets are tested in a detailed case-study of the Wallaby gold deposit. The Pb-isotope compositions of ore-related sulphides from deposits in the LGB plot along the line representing crustal-Pb in the Norseman-Wiluna Belt of the EGP, with individual deposits clustering with other nearby deposits based on their geographic location. This trend is similar to that recorded in the Kalgoorlie-Norseman region in the southern EGP, and is consistent with a basement Pb reservoir for gold-bearing fluids. As such, data are consistent with a similar fluid source for all gold deposits. The Nd and Sr isotopic composition of goldrelated scheelite in the LGB clusters very tightly. The inferred ore-fluid composition has a slightly positive εNd, similar to ore fluids at other gold deposits in the EGP for which a proximal magmatic source is highly improbable. As such, Sr and Nd data are consistent with a similar fluid source for the gold deposits analysed in the LGB, but cannot unequivocally define that source. The median S, C and O isotopic compositions of ore minerals from all nine different gold deposits studied in the LGB fall in a very narrow range

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46

Munro-Smith, Vera. "Chemical mineralogy of cobalt and gold in the Mt Isa block /." View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030826.124022/index.html.

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Thesis (M. Sc.) (Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1998.
Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) in the University of Western Sydney. Bibliography : p. 100-105.

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47

Watling, Kym Marjorie, and n/a. "Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Surface Species in the Gold/Thiosulfate System." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20081024.164504.

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This thesis presents results of studies using the technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy to investigate surface processes occurring on gold during electrochemical experiments in thiosulfate solutions and during leaching in ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate systems. The gold SERS electrode was characterised using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). SEM investigations of the SERS activated gold surface showed the presence of electrodeposited dendrites with nanoscale features. XRD studies of the dendrites showed them to be polycrystalline with a large proportion of Au(111). Rotating disk electrode (RDE) studies of polished and SERS electrodes were undertaken in order to clarify the electrochemistry of various thiosulfate systems. The ex situ techniques of XPS and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to determine the presence of sulfur, copper and nitrogen on leached or electro-oxidised surfaces. Voltammetric methods were used to determine sulfur and copper surface coverages at various potentials in sulfide, thiosulfate and ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate media. The electro-oxidation of sulfide was examined as a model system in order to identify spectral features and coverage associated with various potential-dependent sulfur layers. In the hydrogen evolution region, a surface layer formed by underpotential deposition in acid and basic media was characterised by a gold-sulfur stretching band, Au-S, attributed in the literature to a monoatomic stretching mode of sulfur bonded to gold. The surface coverage in this potential region was limited to 0.35 ML, representing adsorption in a (3x3)R30 structure. Bands were found to be absent that would have indicated the adsorption of SH species as has been reported in the literature. A facile change in the position of the Au-S band with potential, unaccompanied by Faradaic processes, was seen when the adsorbed (3x3)R30 sulfur layer was examined in a sulfide-free solution. This may indicate a change in sulfur adsorption sites with potential in the hydrogen evolution region. At potentials above the S II/S0 reversible value in sulfide solutions, the surface coverage increased and S-S bands were observed, indicating the formation of an adsorbed polysulfide species, Au-Sn. A change in the position of the Au-S band was seen to accompany the formation of the S-S bands. As coverage further increased, bands due to S-S-S bending, S-S-S, developed that were characteristic of cyclo octasulfur, S8. On removal from sulfide solution and rinsing, a characteristic SERS spectrum was observed ex situ. The spectrum showed a characteristic S-S at 460 cm-1 and Au-S at 325 cm-1 and was assigned to an adlayer of S8 adsorbed on gold in a crown configuration, Au S8. Gold was polarised in thiosulfate solutions at a potential at which gold dissolution is known to occur. In situ SERS spectra showed bands characteristic of S-S bonding and Au2S to occur after 1 hr for thiosulfate with sodium and ammonium counter-ions and for both systems in the presence of ammonia. XPS studies of polished gold held in sodium thiosulfate under these conditions showed S 2p binding energies corresponding to metal sulfide and pyritic sulfur, S22-. After 72 hrs at the mixed potential in air saturated sodium thiosulfate, SERS investigations showed a spectrum with Au-S8 characteristics. XPS studies on a polished electrode under these conditions showed a third type of S 2p binding with a binding energy between that of pyritic sulfur and S8. The sodium thiosulfate system showed an adsorbed tetrathionate-like surface species, Au-S4O6, to be present at the mixed potential and to disappear with increased potential prior to the formation of bulk S8 via an Au-S8 intermediate. In the presence of the ammonium cation at high potentials, Au-Sn bands appear in the presence of a more intense and broad Au-S characteristic of gold sulfide, Au2S. This was assigned to a mixed gold sulfide/polysulfide phase, Au2S/Sn. With addition of ammonia, the surface species Au S4O6, Au2S/Sn and, tentatively, adsorbed NH3 were observed above the mixed potential. For gold in air-saturated copper(II) ammoniacal thiosulfate media, bands due S-S at 382 cm-1 and symmetric S-O stretching, symS-O, at 1017 cm-1 developed during leaching at the mixed potential. These modes diminished and, when rinsed and examined in water, were replaced by a single band at 255 cm 1 assigned to a metal sulfide stretch. In typical leach solutions, sulfur and copper coverages showed a 2:1 atomic ratio after leaching for 16 h. Ex situ ATR and XPS studies showed that ammonia was adsorbed to a surface copper sulfide. Kinetic studies using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to measure gold in solution showed that the ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate leaching solution exhibited higher dissolution rates in the presence of the sodium counter ion than the ammonium. Thiourea as an additive to thiosulfate solutions was seen to disrupt S-S bonding in both Au-S8 and Au2S/Sn surface structures.

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Sener, A. K. "Characteristics, distribution and timing of gold mineralisation in the Pine Creek Orogen, Northern Territory, Australia /." Connect to this title, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0102.

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49

Hussin, Khadijah. "A critical evaluation of certain aspects of the Strata Titles Act 1985." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU218706.

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This research is an attempt to ascertain the reasons for the problems that are currently being experienced in Malaysia in the implementation of the Strata Titles Act. The Strata Titles act has been enacted in Malaysia for almost twenty years now. However, the delay in the issuance of strata title to would-be proprietors who bought into strata schemes long ago, remains the most common complaint received by the National House Buyer Association. This has motivated the writing of this thesis which seeks to examine and analyse the entire system of strata ownership in Malaysia. The emphasis of the study is on the establishment of the strata scheme, the object of the strata ownership, the allocations of the share unit to the strata parcel proprietors, the proprietors' rights with regard to their parcels and the common property, the enforcement of financial and non-financial obligations of the parcel proprietors, the settlement of disputes and, finally, on the management of strata titles schemes. An examination of the differences between the Malaysian and several other systems has been made, to find out why one system works better than the other. Does the problem lie in the nature of the governing legislation, the procedures of the Land office for making application and obtaining registration of a strata plan, the laws and practices relating to development, construction, financing and conveyancing of a strata title property, or a combination of all factors? The insights gained by the examination of the Strata Titles Act hopefully will reveal whether the problems and issues faced currently on the ground have been the result of the law, be it ignorance of the law, indifference to the law or even weaknesses in the law, or have been caused by other factors beyond the scope of the law to prescribed solutions. The present legislation in force for ownership of strata titles in Malaysia has provided an adequate legal structure for all the matters discussed above. From my evaluation of the various aspects of the Strata Titles Act, it emerged that there is room for improvement in virtually every aspect examined in order to keep up with the rapid development of the strata title schemes in Malaysia. But it is not only the Strata Titles Act that needs modernisation. In addition the housing delivery system in Malaysia has got to change. Officials involved in the registration and issuance of strata titles have to be properly trained in order to ensure that they have the required knowledge of the legislation and care should be taken to recruit more qualified personnel in the Land Offices. There is urgent need to have the strata scheme registered promptly so that the management corporation can come into existence at the same time as the proprietors obtain vacant possession of their strata parcel. Hopefully, the authorities concerned would consider the recommendation and introduce changes and legislative amendments to overcome the present difficulties and to give even greater security and benefits to those who choose to purchase strata type property. It is submitted that the 'first generation' Strata Titles Act should be modernised by a 'second generation' statute, which incorporates all the recommendations, set out above.

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Thompson, Richard James. "Cecil Rhodes, the Glen Grey Act, and the labour question in the politics of the Cape Colony." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002415.

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Chapter One: The provisions of the Glen Grey Act of 1894 are summarised. The memoirs of contemporaries are discussed and the historical literature on the Act from 1913 to the present is surveyed. The likelihood of the land tenure provisions of the Act forcing the people of Glen Grey (or the people of other districts that came under the operation of the Act) to seek employment is noted. It is evident that there is an increasing emphasis in the literature on labour concerns rather than on the disenfranchising effects and local government provisions of the Act. It is often assumed that the labour force generated by the Act was meant for the Transvaal gold mines. Chapter Two: The relevance of the labour needs of the Indwe collieries is investigated. These mines lay adjacent to Glen Grey and might have been expected to draw their labour thence if the Act had been effective. Rhodes, the author of the Act and prime minister of the Cape, had bought shares in the collieries for De Beers shortly before the Act was passed, which made a possible connection more intriguing. No causal link between De Beers' interests and the Act could be demonstrated; nor do the collieries seem to have employed many people from Glen Grey. Chapter Three: Examines the Cape colonists' complaints about shortage of labour from 1807 to the eve of the Glen Grey Act, and investigates various official measures to promote the labour supply. The Glen Grey Act was not the first labour measure passed at the Cape, and it seems likely, therefore, that the labour needs of the Cape, rather than the Transvaal, were uppermost in the minds of those responsible for the Act. Chapter Four examines Rhodes's political position in the 1890s and shows him to be increasingly dependent on the parliamentary support of the Afrikaner Bond to stay in office. Since the Bond was an agricultural interest group it seems likely that labour for Cape farms, rather than Transvaal gold mines, was what the Act was supposed to provide. With that Rhodes could readily agree, since he wanted to promote the agricultural development of the Cape. However, the Bond wanted to be able to buy land in Glen Grey (and other district in which the Act was proclaimed). Rhodes wanted to keep such districts as 'reservoirs of labour' so he could not give the Bond all of what they wanted, i.e. Glen Grey titles to be alienable. His manoeuvring to keep the Bond supporting the Bill while not making the land readily salable is described. (In the end the land was alienable with the consent of the government -- consent that a Rhodes ministry would not give, but that another might.) Rhodes's desire to obtain the administration of Bechuanaland for his Chartered Company, and his need therefore to reassure the Colonial Office and humanitarian opinion that he could be trusted to rule over blacks, are pointed out as other possible motivations for the Act, which Rhodes tried hard to present as an enlightened piece of legislation. The course of the Act through the Cape parliament, and the opposition of Cape liberals to the Act, is described. Chapter Five: The mentalité of the Cape colonists as regards race, liquor, land tenure and other political issues is described. Chapter Six: The reaction to the Act of Cape blacks and sympathetic whites, British humanitarians and the Colonial Office is described. The contemporary concern with reserving land for blacks is noted, as well as concern over the morality of economically coerced labour. This is in contrast to the modern concentration on labour almost to the exclusion of other issues in regard to the Glen Grey Act. The unsuccessful efforts of Cape blacks and British humanitarians to have the imperial government veto the Act are described. Rhodes's influence over the Colonial Office is described.

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