Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Actes de l'État civil'
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Keays, Lloyd-Eden. "L'État civil, fenêtre sur le monde ouvrier : étude des actes de mariage à Paris en 1856-1857." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/MQ31739.pdf.
Full textPoure, Valérie. "L'officier de l'état civil en droit des personnes et de la famille." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA021.
Full textThe Officer of Civil Status is the authority designated by law to observe, register, keepand exploit, in their authentic form, the constituting acts of individuals and families. The mayor, with his assistants, is the Officer of Civil Status par excellence. As a State's representative at municipal level, he ensures the administration of a service which is accessible and close to the citizens. The two-fold responsibility arising from this function tends to meet both State and individual needs. As an executive municipal body and a decentralized public authority, the mayor plays a unique role in the law of persons and the family law. Therefore, he is often compared to a notary or a registrar. On the borderline between private law and public law, his hybrid position which has a definite interest with regard to the requirements of social organisation, could nevertheless be improved
Le, Guilcher Sandra. "L'irresponsabilité de l'État du fait des actes de gouvernement." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROD010.
Full textAdministrative legislation regarding liability is progressing in favour of victims. Yet acts of government escape from these changes. Therefore, State's unliability relating to these acts involves many questions in French law. Yet, even if the administrative jurisprudence seems grounded on law, the fact that acts of government can't be judged is in contradiction with the discharge of Constitutional Council and european law. But State isn't totally unliable in this matter. Indeed, if the immunity of these acts is insuperable for individuals, it isn't insuperable for the institutions directly concerned. So, acts of government can engage State liability without the intervention of the administrative judge. Acts of government are “interinstitutional” acts interfering in two fields: international State's relations and relations between Executive and constitutional public Powers. Their immunity exists because there are no jurisdictional rules in this case and because they are indispensable to the State's activity continuance
Dochy, Marie. "La dématérialisation des actes du procès civil." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10035.
Full textDigital revolution has impacted civil trials. Traditionally printed on paper, the proceedings of trials have evolved into a new electronic form. The dematerialization of proceedings does not happen without any consequence on the conduct of trials. It causes new difficulties, related to its development and to what it brings to civil trials. The first part of this reflection introduces the extent of dematerialized proceedings. It examines how far dematerialization can go, regarding the importance that it gets as well as the functions that it fulfils. Proceedings in a dematerialized form are more and more exchanged within civil trials. If paper documents still exist together with those in electronic form, the 21stcentury represents a period of transition to a predominance of electronic forms. The extent of such forms brings about a definition of the functions assigned to dematerialization. This process must respect the formal aspect of proceedings as well as the efficiency of the lawsuit. Such missions will have serious implications on what is at stake in the trial. The second part of this reflection is thus about the challenges of dematerialization. It highlights what dematerialized proceedings can bring to a trial. They improve the respect of fundamental principles. They foster a better knowledge of case-law, make it easier to reach judges and reinforce the rights of the defendant or the necessity to meet the reasonable time requirement. However, the numerous assets that dematerialization can bring to a trial should not obscure its potential dangers. It must be regulated to prevent some misuses that it can lead to. The regulation of dematerialization reveals a renewed vision of civil trials. It allows us to consider that the proceedings in electronic form must be accompanied with changes, noticeably with an acceptance of some innovations which are beneficial to trials
Bidaud-Garon, Christine. "L'état civil en droit international privé." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2005_in_bidaud_garon_c.pdf.
Full textThe civil-status belong to these " formalities " that everyone know he must do when birth or death happens or else he wants to get married or to recognize a child. Meanwhile, we must not forget that they are official documents written on a State behalf. They are used by people in order to prove there status and to have rights that follow from it (nationality, residence permits, social rights. . . ), but they are a way of controlling people identity and regular acquisition of these rights by the State too. This duality of nature and interests, as well as the existence of extraterritorial authorities and the development of the fraud in this matter engender lot of consequences on the international private law applicable to civil-statues, both in apprehension of foreign elements and in receipt of foreign civil-status in French legal order
Bossu, Bernard. "La remise en l'état en droit du travail." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL20012.
Full textRestoring to the former state of affairs, which is a measure allowing putting something back as it was, achieves a double purpose in labour law : putting an end to the illicit or making up for the loss. The two aims of the restoration constitute the main theme of our study. It allows us to show the major developments of the two ways of restoring to the former state of affairs and also brings out the blurred border that separates the illicit from the restoration. Labour law has undergone important changes, particularly a sensible reinforcement of the number of cases regarded as illicit. Moreover, what is looked upon as illicir in common law is not necessarily so in labour law, a situation which arises from the right to unilateral termination of contract and the notion of power which exists in labour law
Sanson, Christophe. "Le contrôle administratif des actes locaux." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010299.
Full textSince 1982, the method by which central administrative control is exercised over the actions of local government in france consists essentially of a new type of legal procedure : "le déféré préfectoral". While deriving directly from "le recours pour excès de pouvoir," by which anyone may challenge local government action before an administrative judge, "le déféré préfectoral" differs notably in the scope of its application and in that it may include a demand to enjoin a challenged action until a final judgment is rendered. Furthermore, "le déféré préfectoral" is not simply, like "le recours pour excès de pouvoir," an action which the national government's representative may in his discretion institute, but one which he has both the special competence and, in an appropriate case, a duty to bring
Chaaban, Rana Lequette Yves. "La caducité des actes juridiques : étude de droit civil /." Paris : LGDJ, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400926861.
Full textChaaban, Rana. "La caducité des actes juridiques : étude de droit civil /." Paris : LGDJ, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/506256235.pdf.
Full textJobert, Sylvain. "La connaissance des actes du procès civil par les parties." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020070.
Full textIn civil law procedures, the parties’ knowledge of the acts of the trial is essential; it guarantees that certain principles, such as the adversarial principle, will be respected. However, a difficulty arises: it is hard to determine whether a party has in fact become aware of the act which was communicated to him. The question is to determine whether the law can accept such a difficulty. To this end, two divergent models can be provided. In the formalistic one, the choice is made to favor the knowledge of the acts of the trial beforehand, in order to be able to become disinterested in their actual knowledge afterwards, all the means having been implemented to carry this out. In the realistic one, the way in which the acts of the trial are brought to the parties' attention is neglected, but thereafter, there is a resurgent focus on the knowledge the parties have genuinely had. The study reveals that the law of civil trial was initially based on a predominantly formalistic model, but this model has evolved, especially during the last decade. Under the influence of contemporary concerns in order to rationalize justice costs and increase the protection of the parties' fundamental rights, the formalism of civil lawsuit has been tempered. Should it be even more moderate? This work neither pleads for the subversion of the classical model nor for its reinstatement. Instead, it is a nuanced evolution of the law which is suggested. It suggests to promote formalism when legal certainty requires it, without sacrificing the benefit of lightening the rules when it is necessary
Jeon, Hoon. "L'autonomie locale et le contrôle des actes des collectivités territoriales en Corée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32012.
Full textAfter the decolonization of Central, South and Southeast Asia, the sharing of rivers that weren't formerly seen as international watercourses generated international tensions and disputes. In certain cases, States tried to resolve this problem by the signing of treaties which organised joint management regimes and which did not function properly. In other cases, no permanent solution could be negotiated. Such a situation generated negative environmental, social, economic and sanitary impacts that sometimes proved to be significant. And yet, from the mid-90's, the States of the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mekong and Aral Sea basins concluded a series of new treaties which institute more or less integrated joint management regimes. Therefore, one can wonder about the factors that promoted or impeded cooperation on international freshwater resources and it seems necessary to study the legal regimes that were drawn up so as to internationalise their management. This study - which is carried out not only with regard to the Law of non navigational uses of international watercourses but also with regard to "good management principles" arising in International Law - enables to highlight the dynamics which made it possible for the States to embark on the path of a sustainable and concerted hydraulic development, the weaknesses that remain in the legal regimes States drew up, and to question International Law's role in promoting the sustainable management of shared water resources
Pelletier, Caroline. "La caducité des actes juridiques en droit privé français /." Paris [u.a.] : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/483049409.pdf.
Full textAzavant, Marc. "L'ordre public et l'état des personnes." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2006.
Full textEnlightened with the reasons which drive the state to see it as essential, the notion of people statuts recovers the coherence that classic analysis deny her. Focussed on its law and order function, the institutional system comes into light. The functions of people statuts are dual. Used as a normative tool, the institution allow the state to shape the legal statuts of people and to spread the rules and values on which is built the democratic order it identifies with. Assigned to a function of identification, the category provides society as well as individuals with structural elements of identity. The one and only aim of the institutional system is to preserve these functions. In national law, inalienability and imprescriptibility are meant to be two constitutional guarantees in the service of the finalities of the category. In international law, all the means used are meant to protect constantly the models and values of national law
Lacroix-Cuerrier, Vincent. "Les ONG religieuses et l'État chinois." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33016.
Full textBeneteau-Le, Goff Cécile. "Les notions fondamentales du droit civil à l'épreuve de l'état végétatif chronique." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0012.
Full textThe chronic vegetative state, or the prolonged coma, force to revisit the legal personality and the representation. First, it reveals the limits of the assimilation of the human and legal person. One of the objectives of the thesis is to look for another more operational criterion to determine the legal personality. Secondly, the absence of natural capacity of the person in chronic vegetative state has to involve a representation. The conventional representation being unsuited, only the legal representation must play and should provide a new protection of the rights of people who are without natural capacity. In addition, the chronic vegetative state cannot claim with all in the implementation of the representation: it cannot involve the repair of the nonmade up damages, and the rights of the person must be arranged according to the reduction in its life expectancy
Mella, Elisabeth. "Contribution à la théorie de l'acte administratif local : étude sur les spécificités des actes unilatéraux décentralisés." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40043.
Full textAsselain, Maud. "La distinction des actes civils et de commerce : contribution à l'étude du concept de commercialité." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40040.
Full textThe distinction between civil and commercial contracts is fundamental in french private law. Whether the contract is considered civil or commercial carries significant consequences, especially in the relevant legal rules (concerning for instance what jurisdiction will be competent). Although fundamental, the distinction is not free from uncertainties. There is no legal definition of commerciality and the jurisprudence lacks firmness and consistency. Any attempt at defining commerciality in terms of exercising enterprise, business or speculation activities turns out to be inadaquate to find a clear-cut dividing line. No perfect criterion of comerciality can exist. This rises the question whether the present distinction should not be given up or at least substantially modified. As a matter of fact, reuniting the whole of civil and commercial contracts, or, on the contrary, splitting them into a number of sub-categories, would not provide a proper solution. So we argue for a new definition of commerciality on the basis of a new criterion : being a professional businessman. Our solution is justified by the fact that all professional businessmen behave much the same way, in contradistinction to non professionals. This new distinction between professional and non professional contracts is apt to bring clearness and consistency to private law
Fassihozaman-Langroudi, Mir Hossein. "Le rôle des parties et le rôle du juge dans la preuve des actes juridiques en droit civil comparé iranien et français." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100226.
Full textProvin, Emmanuel. ""Les pouvoirs du maire en tant qu'officier de l'état civil" : la reconnaissance de l'individu par l'Etat." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100005.
Full textThe mayor in the capacity as registrar, takes part in the emergence of the individual as one member of the community. He provides him representation by receiving the voice of a third-party or interested self which he applies in writing in an act to guarantee compliance with this one. The acts of marital status thus establish the three stages of the life of a person: its birth, its marriage and its death. The statings which they contain aim at establishing the truth which touches on the identification of the named person. However, they can be questionned by the interested party himself. The role of the mayor on the necessary matter is to adapt. Whereas his action holds of the law, he knew to interpret it, even to anticipate it to answer expectations of its electorate. Today, he questions himself the principle of recognition of the individual while refusing to marry nonnationals or while claiming to marry same-sex individuals
Drand, Céline. "Le système d'interprétation des conventions de droit privé du XVIe siècle au code civil de 1804." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR30011.
Full textThe ancient law' s interpretation system of contracts has been reported in the beginning of the XVIIe century by Francesco Mantica in a book titled " Vaticanae lucubrationes de tacitis et ' ambiguis conventionibus ". This method, based on analyses elaborated by medieval and humanist jurists, reconciles the two opposed interpretation models emanating from the roman law : the one of contracts of strict law and the one of good faith contracts. The will of parts is placed at the centre of the system. It is considered as the main' interpretation criterion that allows the judge notably to detach himself from the lettrer in case of contract ambiguousness. Moreover, the presumed will of contracting parties justifies the application of the other interpretation criteria. This system that makes appear the contract like an act governed by the will of parts has been received by the practice and authors of french law and exercised a notorious influence on authors of the " Code civil" of 1804
L'Hôte, Damien Goubeaux Gilles. "Essai d'une théorie générale de l'interposition de personne de l'action en nom propre pour le compte d'autrui /." Nancy : Université Nancy 2], 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc141/2002NANCY0006.pdf.
Full textL'Hôte, Damien. "Essai d'une théorie générale de l'interposition de personne : de l'action en nom propre pour le compte d'autrui." Nancy 2, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc141/2002NAN20006.pdf.
Full textIn the common language, acting through intermediaries can be defined as the method which consists in appealing to an intermediary in oder to serve as e screen for the one who really takes advantage of a contract. In the french law, a lot of legal methods meet, under various designations, this broad definition : "convention de prête-nom" (figurehead clause), "contrat de commission" (messenger contract), "clause de reserve de command" (clause of reserve for a friend), "société-écran" (screen-society), "société fictive" (fictitious society), etc. The aim of the thesis is to show the advisability of gathering them under a unitary legal concept and to build a general theory of action through intermediaries [note : in English law, this theme corresponds more or less to the theory of undisclosed principal]. Indeed, despite a great variety of forms, characteristics and legal definitions, all these methods have in common the same problematics and seem to obey to some common, implicit rules. Underlining these common elements naturally leads to the study of the ambiguous and complex relationship between the action through intermediaries and several basic mechanisms of the french law, in particular "representation" (agency) and "simulation" (shamming)
Zanou, Benjamin. "Pour une utilisation démographique de l'état civil en Afrique : le cas de la Côte-d’Ivoire." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010526.
Full textMarsal, Guillamet Joan. "Negoci jurídic testamentari en el Dret Civil de Catalunya, El." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1390.
Full textL'art. 1,II CDCC estableix el recurs a la tradició jurídica catalana per tal d'interpretar i d'integrar els preceptes de la CDCC i de les lleis especials, quan aquella s'adequa als principis que inspiren l'ordenament jurfdic avui vigent a Catalunya. A diferència del que succeïa amb la CDCC, la completud del CS i el fet que en la regulació concreta es relativitzin els principis successoris romans proclamats en el Preàmbul han limitat aquesta funció de la tradició jurídica.
Com es sabut, l'art. 1,II CDCC va catalanitzar la doctrina dels autors. Això no significa que el seu estudi s'hagi de limitar als catalans o als que sense ésser-ho varen exercir en algun moment a Catalunya. A aquests efectes, també integren la tradició jurídica catalana els autors en què els juristes catalans recolzaven les seves afirmacions. Per això, quan es cita arguments formulats per doctrina no catalana s'acostuma a fer constar l'autor o els autors catalans que ens hi han remès. Quan la cita d'un autor no català no es recolza en una remissió específica (tot i que l'obra sí que era coneguda), s'assenyala aquesta circumstància fent al.lusió al dret intermedi.
S'ha incidit especialment en la doctrina des finals del segle XVIII i del segle XIX. El seu tractament s'ha volgut fer des d'una perspectiva fins ara poc habitual: a partir de l'obra dels notaris, tant les teòriques de notaria com els formularis. També s'ha tingut molt en compte la premsa notarial d'aquesta època.
Quant a la doctrina actual, el fet que la vigència del CS sigui relativament recent fa que la bibliografia que s'hi refereix sigui molt reduïda. Les característiques del dret civil català impedeixen sovint que s'hi pugui traslladar la doctrina formulada en d'altres ordenaments jurídics, encara que això no ha excl6s la seva consulta.
2. CONTINGUT
S'ha dividit la tesi en dues parts. La primera vol ésser la resposta a la pregunta què és un testament. La segona part s'ocupa de la tipologia dels testaments previstos en el Codi de successions, exposada de manera que respongui a la pregunta "¿Com es fa un testament?".
2.1. PART I.
El principal tòpic sobre el que es basava la doctrina provocada per la regulació del testament en la Compilació era la consideració de la institució d'hereu com a requisit intrínsec del testament. Tanmateix, existien dues excepcions:
1.- En el dret local de Tortosa, no s'exigia la institució d'hereu per a la validesa del testament (art. 109 CDCC; 136 CS);
2.- En el dret català general, el nomenament de marmessor universal substituïa la manca d'institució d'hereu (art. 236.II CDCC; 315.II CS).
La principal aportació de la tesi consisteix en eliminar el caràcter anecdòtic que s'havia atribuït a les excepcions. Aquests supòsits palesen que existeixen altres possibilitats d'organitzar la destinació de l'herència, a més de la creació d'un títol universal, el d'hereu.
Per això es proposa una nova definició de testament en el dret civil de Catalunya, com a negoci mortis causa de darrera voluntat, apte per a regular la completa destinació de les relacions jurídiques del causant que no s'extingeixen com a conseqüència de la seva mort.
Existeixen tres classes de testament perquè el testador gaudeix de tres possibilitats d'organitzar la destinació de la seva herència:
1.- Si desitja una successió a tftol universal, ha d'atorgar un testament successori amb institució d'hereu (art. 102);
2.- Si vol la distribució de tota l'herència en llegats, ha d'atorgar un testament successori amb nomenament d'un marmessor universal de lliurament del romanent (art. 315.II), llevat del cas que el testador estigui sotmès al dret local de Tortosa (art. 271.IV final);
3.- Si desitja impedir la successió, ha d'atorgar un testament liquidatori en què nomeni marmessor universal de realització dinerària de l'herència (art. 315,II).
Els altres dos tòpics formulats en relació amb el testament per la doctrina de la Compilació eren la unitat del testament i el seu caràcter personalíssim.
En relació al primer, el CS ha modificat la Compilació perquè l'art. 130 §.III pr. CS preveu l'existència de testaments complementaris d'un altre atorgat anteriorment. El testament complementari incideix en el concepte de testament perquè aquest ja no ha de preveure una regulació completa de la successió en el moment dels seu atorgament, sinò que n'hi ha prou amb què pugui abastar-la per ell mateix en el moment de la mort del testador. Per això a la definició de testament que s 'havia proposat es feia referència a l'aptitud per regular la completa destinació de l'herència. A més, el testament complementari també repercuteix en la incompatibilitat de fonaments successoris establert en l'art. 3 CS i en la distinció entre el testament i els altres negocis jurídics "mortis causa" previstos en el CS: el codicil (art. 122 CS) i la memòria testamentària (art. 123).
El caràcter personalíssim del testament no estava formulat expressament per la CDCC però es deduia de les seves excepcions: la substitució anomenada pupil.lar i la substitució exemplar. En el CS, es troba força diluit. L'art. 149 ha generalitzat a tot Catalunya una peculiaritat pallaresa: la integració de la voluntat del testador per part de dos parents. Si hom hi afegeix la clàusula de confiança, sembla donar-se entrada a una intervenció familiar en un acte essencialment unilateral.
S'ha fet una especial anàlisi de les que tradicionalment havien estat les excepcions al caràcter personalíssim del testament: les substitucions pupil.lar i exemplar, especialment la primera. S'havien d'estudiar en la mesura que són, respectivament. els testaments dels intestables per raó de l'edat o per manca de capacitat natural per a testar. Es constata que, com a conseqüència dels canvis experimentats per la regulació de la pàtria potestat, la substitució anomenada pupil.lar ha adquirit també la qualitat de nomenament d'un adquirent successiu del substituent.
2.2. PART II.
S'ha estudiat la tipologia dels testaments en el CS. A partir de la seva regulació, es proposa una distinció entre tipus i formes testamentàries. El criteri de classificació dels tipus testamentaris emprat pel es és la presència o l'absència de fedatari públic en l'atorgament del testament. Dins del testament amb fedatari públic, es distingeixen dos subtipus: testament devant notari i testament davant rector.
Les formes testamentàries es distingeixen segons si el testador exterioritza la seva voluntat testamentària (forma oberta) o no (forma tancada o forma hològrafa, segons el tipus). El CS limita les formes en funció del tipus testamentari. En el testament sense fedatari públic, només s'admet la forma hològrafa (art. 105.III); en el testament atorgat davant fedatari públic rector, només s'admet la forma oberta (art. 117). En el testament atorgat davant fedatari públic notari, s'admeten tant la forma oberta com la forma tancada (art. 111 i seg.).
The doctoral thesis analyses the will, relating it to other "mortis causa" legal transactions of Catalan Civil Law: the inheritance, the codicil and the testamentary report. The work is divided into two parts.
Traditional doctrine considers that the will must contain institution of an heir, although the Law provides for two exceptions. The first part of the thesis affirms that a person can organize the disposal of their estate in three ways: instituting an heir, distributing it in legacies, or transforming it into money to apply it to purposes. The will will be different in each or these cases: a successory testament with institution of an heir; a successory testament with appointment of a universal executor for the delivery of the remainder of the goods and a liquidatory will with appointment of a universal executor for the monetary realization of the inheritance. This made it necessary to find a new concept for the will, which includes these three forms.
The second part of the thesis deals which the typology of wills regulated by Catalan Civil Law. They are studied in the different stages of formation, from the declaration of the wishes of the testator until legal value is acquired from the time of the testator's death.
Fontana-Content, Justine. "Binarité sexuée et états d'intersexuation : de l'opportunité du maintien de la mention du sexe à l'état civil." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD048/document.
Full textThe sexed binarity is a truth which seemed, until now uncontested and undeniable. So that, put except for designations genrées present in the Civil code, this last considered to be useful to specify only the sexes which were to be registered on the acts of the civil status, were to be exclusively female or male. However, in practice, the exclusive membership of the one of the two devoted sexes is not a universal rule.Thus the states of intersexuation came to tarnish the table, by affirming that the sex was not a single entity but a block of various components, objective and subjective, which are not necessarily concordant between them. On the one hand, the physical intersexuation, being characterized by a variation of the genital development (V. G. D.) is analyzed like nonan agreement of the objective components of the sex, i.e., all those which depend on a biological determinism. In addition, the psychic intersexuation, otherwise called transsexualism, or dysphorie of kind, implies only one discordance between the objective components and the subjective component, the psychosocial sex. In other words, the person is biologically of a determined sex, but it feels to belong to the other sex.These two states have authority to call into question the place of the sex in the acts of the civil status on two levels. On a side, the people known as “intersexes” will make us wonder about the true value of the civil status if this last does not take into account the variation in its statings. This interrogation seems to be countered by certain practices medical, which, under the constraint at the same time of the parents and the binary company, assigns young people intersexes in the days which follow the birth, while at the same time any medical need does not come to justify this act. Other side, the people transsexuals call into question the bases of the state of the people and in particular the principle of immutability.Moreover, the certainty on the sex in Right are upset by the development of the basic rights resulting from an interpretation increasingly broader of article 8 of the C.E.D.H. Thus, rises from the right to the respect of the private life, the right to the personal blooming, which itself made possible the emergence of the rights relating to the identity, of which gender identity. They are divided into two entities with on the one hand, the right to construction of the gender identity and other, the right to its recognition.All these considerations made transfer the mission of the civil status, which does not fulfill only any more one identifying mission and of civil police for the benefit of the State and the general interest, but which becomes the privileged place of the identity claims, for the benefit of individuals. Consequently, the kind becomes allowed in Right, more especially as the C.E.D.H. positions in favour of the development of this second mission.Taking into consideration these element, we can affirm that a reform of the mention of the sex to the civil status is convenient, would be this only to avoid the probable judgments of the European Court. This reform should ensure the respect due to the private life of the people in a state of intersexuation so much by limiting the stigmatizing situations of which they could be victims. It could in addition, to take two forms according to whether it would be placed in favour of an abandonment or installation of a new mention. On the first assumption, a neutralization of the sex would be considered and could take two forms. The first is analyzed in a total neutralization, i.e., that no mention of the sex appears on the acts of the civil status. The second partial insofar as the sex would be a hidden mention, or would be rationalized, with the assistance of novel methods of identification, like biometrics
Gautier, Marie. "L'influence du modèle communautaire sur la coopération en matière de justice et d'affaires intérieures : étude des actes de l'Union européenne du point de vue de l'État membre, l'exemple français." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40040.
Full textCooperation in in the fields of justice and home affairs is regularly described as being a form of intergovernmental cooperation radically opposing the community method of integration, even after the Treatry of Amsterdam. However, the study of acts of the European union from the viewpoint of a member state, France, clearly indicates that these constructions are widely under the influence of the community method and are much closer to that model than to the classical international law. .
Azambuja, de Magalhaes Pinto Roberta. "Les actes d'administration judiciaire en droit français et en droit brésilien : étude de procédure civile comparée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D026/document.
Full textIf the ultimate goal of the trial is in the judgment, by which the judge says the Jaw (jurisdictio), dispelling legal uncertainty and thus promoting social peace, other acts must also be made for the fulfillment of the mission of judging : these are the judicial administration acts, which are the subject of our study. The French concept includes the acts of judicial organization and the acts of procedural management, which provide, respectively, the proper functioning of the courts and the proper conduct of the proceedings. Despite the importance of the subject, it is little explored by jurists and we see some hesitation concerning the exact definition of the acts of the judge by scholars and in the jurisprudence. This is not desirable, however, because the judicial administration acts are subjected, according to the French law, to a different set of rules, so they are not in principle liable to the same constraints as judgments, and they cannot incur to any appeal. The Jack of ways of contesting, in addition with the adoption of a flexible system, where the head of the court has major powers in the subject, open legitimate questions concerning the respect of major principles governing the trial and the justice. Although Brazilian law does not have the French notion, the administration of Brazilian justice requires, too, the practice of judicial administration acts. The similarities related with the acts of procedural management and the significant differences in the acts of judicial organization justify the comparative method of this study, which proposes to determine the peculiarities and common features of these two legal systems and to identify what each one can learn from the other in a constant goal of development
Santa, Marisa. "Construction de l'identité individuelle : jeux d'entente et de concurrence entre l'état civil et la "Comédie Humaine" de Balzac." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.harmatheque.com.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/ebook/balzac-et-la-construction-de-l-identite-individuelle-jeux-d-entente-et-de-concurrence-entre-l-etat-civil-et-la-comedie-humaine-66358.
Full textSome stories send a chill down one’s spine! An old man appears at an attorney’s office claiming the identity of glory of Napoleon Bonaparte’s Empire: the colonel Chabert. However, Chabert is dead; the living declared his death after the register of vital statistics based, in turn, on testimonies. With his claim, the old man opposes acknowledged truth and his own reality, throwing doubt upon evident facts. In the silence of the night, the faint contours of the glorious colonel emerge from the story narrated by this ghost asking for recognition but he will learn that identity is not something that springs up upon demand but must be built up. Yet he made a good start by bringing in his mutilated body and his story. He could have followed the only possible way of taking Chabert off the list of the glorious dead by accepting a settlement where he could continue being the colonel provided he erases parts of his history. The old man’s identity is given neither by the novel which created him nor by law, that law responsible for his death, as the only answers to be found in both law and literature are acknowledged facts which always remain questionable. An individual’s identity is embedded in the story of a culture and the game consists in always making adjustments within the meeting point of all designating discourses. One of these is that of law: it sets the criteria allowing existence itself and from which individualization can occur. So we can say law and Balzac’s «Human Comedy» merge together into a new common space in wich seizing stories are narrated and where the construction of individual identity takes place. This singular relationship between law and literature sheds a new light upon them, thus making them subjects to be studied from an anthropological point of view
Lachièze, Christophe. "Le régime des exceptions dans les opérations juridiques à trois personnes en droit civil." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40038.
Full textIn a study of legal operations between three people, it is interesting to apply principles of binding power and relative effect. This application leads me to distinguish "opposability" from "efficiency" of pleas. In legal operations which create obligations, i studied delegation of duties and novation, security and liability insurance. For those operations, the principle is the "efficiency" of pleas. Nevertheless, there is sometimes opposability (for security) and sometimes in opposability (when cause is outside) of exceptions. In legal operations which transmit obligations - debt or claim or contracts, the principle is the "opposability" of pleas. Transfer of obligation is different from transfer of contract. In case of obligation, transfer of debt and transfer of claim have to be studied separately. In case of contract, the operation of transfer is very particular in French law because unsure, so, i had to study separately pleas relating to contract itself and pleas relating to the operation of transfer
Kotaridis, Nikolaos. "La société traditionnelle face à l'état moderne : étude sur la révolte militaire de 1848 en Grèce." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010590.
Full textStudy on the contradiction between the western type of state and the traditional society as it appears during the revolt of 1848 in Greece, the study purposes to make the point on the processus of implantation and adaptation of the modern state in the helladic milieu, heritor of the ottoman occupation, confering to the stase policy facedto the organisation of the administration and the army, entails an analysis of the relations between the communes and the rebels during the revolt of 1848, the way follewed by rebels, the weight of the region and the season chosen in the burst of the tevolt the military violence and the rebels' army represents the last questions treated in this study, in this analysis are also introduced the processus of elaboration and adaptation of the states action faced to the political traditional agents, as well as the mobilisation and the social differentiate that have entaided the national revolusion and the establishement of the modern state, it is then studied how the reenforcement of the state and the realisation of his policy for modernisation and centralisation of power lead to the destrution of the traditional socio-political relations organised and produced on the regional principle and the relative autonomie of communes
Le, Gal Sébastien. "Origines de l'état de siège en France (Ancien Régime-Révolution)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30098.
Full textIn France, following previous Constitutions, the state of siege gained acceptance under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (art. 36); many countries abroad adopted it. This fact leaves a gaping paradox: even if France adopts the first emergency legislation, it does not mean that it provides an in depth reflection on what is the state of emergency. The study of the genesis and history of the state of siege reveals the reasons for such a paradox. Originally, the state of siege was a technical measure of military law (law of July 8-10, 1791), which provided that in certain circumstances, public order and police would transfer from the civil authority, competent on principle, to the military authority. Thus, law foresaw the reversal of the principle according to which the civil authority takes precedence over the military. During the Revolution, this measure was used to suppress the violent unrest that became more frequent inside the territory. Throughout the nineteenth century, successive governments had also recourse to it until the Supreme Court put an end to this practice in 1832. Consequently ,the legislator was forced to pass a bill - the Law of August 9, 1849 - which would frame precisely its use. This law truly is an emergency law, which means that it contravenes a principle enshrined in the constitutional order, depending on specific circumstances, for a circumscribed time and place. It also gives to the military authority enlarged powers which restrict civil liberties, and establishes the jurisdiction of military courts to judge non-military courts
Baccari, Emna. "La création d'entreprise par les jeunes entrepreneurs tunisiens : influence de la famille et de l'état civil sur le processus de création." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0016.
Full textOur research has the purpose to study the characteristics of the process of starting a business by young Tunisian entrepreneurs and explore how the family contributes to the creation of companies through the whole process. By "young entrepreneurs", we mean young people who started their business before they reach their thirties. Our approach is innovative because most researches focuses on individual characteristics of the creator, the role of the government and the role of incubators. The thesis will address the why and how a Tunisian young entrepreneur proceeds to create a successful business? On the hand, we seek the proposal of a model of entrepreneurship creation by young Tunisian entrepreneurs. On the other hand, we identify the role of the family capitals on this process. Research on youth entrepreneurship has shown the influence of family on the creation, we tested the application of the model of Sirmon and Hitt (2003) which is coherent in the field of entrepreneurship. This application has resulted in the appreciation of its influence on the performance of companies created. Therefore, the introduction of parental model as well as marital status, in the analysis of factors influencing family support, shows the importance of these two variables neglected
Haj, Chahine Paul Gérard Jean. "L'acte de tolérance en droit civil : contribution à l'étude des actes dans le droit des biens et à la théorie de la volonté modératrice de droit." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020013.
Full textThe act of tolerance is the illustration of the two general dimensions of tolerance: material and voluntary. The simple act of tolerance has an intermediary position, in article 2232 of the civil code, between the act of sheer faculty and the act of possession. It is a material act, a specific infringement, which is tolerable. It represents an intermediary category between the act of sheer faculty, in which there is an absence of infringement, and the possessory act, which is a contradictory infringement. What is tolerable has the characteristic of not being contradictory of the rights of others. In principle, it is quantified by such things as bahaviour between neighbours, collective habits and non compulsory customs. The civil code determines what is tolerable in its most frequent area of application, easements (article 691 c. C. ). The simple act of tolerance, a tolerable infingement which is not contradictory to the rights of others, does not create possession because it is unable to create a corpus to be possessed. The act of tolerance is also a voluntary act, the manifestation of which is original and the content of which is specific. In presence of what is tolerable, an attitude of tolerance expresses itself by what is normally passiveness, confronted with a contradictory infringement, the act of tolerance finds itself in a bilateral structure which clearly reflects the notion of a pact. The voluntary act of tolerance is neither an. .
Mathieu, Marie-Laure. "L'avènement de l'engagement unilatéral en droit privé contemporain." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32030.
Full textAfter raising an acute controversy at the end of the last century, the engagement by unilateral will is now ratified by positive law. On a theorical plan, this ratification came up against conventional conceptions related to will and obligation on one side and against the fact the code of napoleon acknowledges only one voluntary source of obligation on the other side : contract. The present evolution of ideas made it possible to overcome this obstacle. It has concretely meant a clear legislative and jurisprudential evolution, undoubtedly still uncompleted and which especially leads the judge to initiate an inductive reasoning in which the determination of the applicable system precedes the juridical qualification. Beyond the emergence of a new source of obligation, this phenomenon allows to foresce a new conception of the juridical deed, replacing the notion of pertaining to a juridical category by the concept of proximity compared with a model. For unilateral engagement is a juridical deed: the "density" of the obligation weighing down on the initiator is in close relationship with the intensity of his consent. Therefore, the juridical system of unilateral engagement is deeply marked by the question of the existence and the full implication of will. The unilaterality of the subscribed obligation is added to the unilaterality of the consent, which urges the judge to show the greatest care; the obligation is certainly intangible but its juridical system seldom separates from the question of the existence of the initial intention : thus, unilateral will is fully but scrupulously respected
Moron-Puech, Benjamin. "Contrat ou acte juridique ? : étude à partir de la relation médicale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020013.
Full textOn the acknowledgment of the recent consecration of the notion of legal act by the Frencg civil code, the purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the consequence of this evolution on the notion of contract.The author first starts by demonstrating that the addition of the legal act to the contract is necessary. Indeed, a close study of the medical relation shows that the contract has technical and psychosocial weaknesses which make it impossible to be used in some situations. Henceforth the importance of having another tool at one’s disposal, the legal act, likely to take over from the contract. In order to enable thelegal act to sustain the contract, it is yet necessary to reinforce this first concept, going deeper in itsdefinition and giving it its own legal system, separate from the one of the contract. In this work legalwas eventually defined as an act acknowledged in a legal system as creating legal normes. Moreover,several properties have been highlighted, in particular the existence of its own validity conditions, owingfirst to the requirement of the unflawed will of the author of the act and second to the legitimacy of the motives. Although these properties were brought out from contract law, it has been shown that they could apply to all legal acts, from victim consent in criminal law, to marriage, judgment, administrative act or to the law
Saidi, Mohamed. "Mesure et analyse de l'état de déformation et d'endommagement interne dans les composites à matrice cimentaire utilisés pour le renforcement des structures de génie civil." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1092.
Full textDue to their mechanical, environmental and aesthetic compatibility, textile reinforced cementitious matrix composites are used on a large scale for rehabilitation and reinforcement of the built heritage and civil engineering structures. Under the effect of mechanical or environmental loads, the phenomena of interaction and damage between the textile reinforcement and the cementitious matrix are more complex than in the case of polymer matrix composites. These are mainly related to the cracking behaviour of the composite, the fragile nature of the matrix and the behaviour of the reinforcement/matrix bond. In particular, knowledge and understanding of the load transfer mechanisms at the reinforcement/matrix interface and crack initiation remain a major scientific challenge.Conventional measurement techniques used to characterise the mechanical behaviour of cementitious matrix composites (mechanical extensometers, digital image correlation, etc.) are able to provide information on the strain and stress state at the surface of a tested specimen. The different mechanisms of internal forces and degradation of the components (reinforcement, matrix, interface) are deduced using approaches of continuum and fracture mechanics.In this context, this work aims at implementing and adapting a measurement system that can be integrated into the core of composites: distributed optical fibre sensors. In order to check its reliability, this measurement technique is coupled with classical extensometer technics such as strain gauges implemented on the surface of the composites and digital image correlation. The main objective is to analyse more precisely the mechanical parameters at the micro scale and the load transfer mechanisms, crack initiation and propagation as well as damage mechanisms. On the basis of uni-axial tensile tests, coupled with the chosen instrumentation, a methodology for identifying local laws of reinforcement/matrix interaction is implemented. The aim of the thesis work is, using these local laws, to determine the micro-mechanical parameters of the composite (load transfer length, shear stress at the reinforcement/matrix interface, etc.) and to establish parameters characteristic of the local and global behaviour (cracking pattern and crack opening, damage indicators, constitutive equations, etc.). Nine configurations are tested and analysed in this work: two types of matrix, two types of textile reinforcement and three reinforcement ratios. The adaptation of the experimental protocol and the reliability of the results obtained are validated. The global and local behaviour of the composite, matrix, textile and their interface are measured and analysed. Load transfer length, shear stress at the textile/matrix interface, interface damage and crack opening are quantified and discussed. The effects of reinforcement ratio, matrix and textile type, mechanical and geometrical parameters of the composite on its mechanical tensile response are identified and evaluated. These results are used for the refinement and/or development of mechanical models of the stiffness and fracture behaviour of textile and cement-matrix reinforced composites
Ali, Nasser. "Civil society and State-Building in Palestine : past trends, current dilemmas, and future challenges faced by NGOs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1122/document.
Full textThe richness of the contribution of CS and NGOs to Palestine on its history, their contribution to state-building efforts and the provision of social services among other things, and the search of an alternative solution to the flawed two-state solution to the conflict – governed the choice of the topic of my dissertation “CS & State-Building: Past Trends, Current Dilemmas and Future Challenges Faced by NGOs”.As a theoretical concept, state-building has gained prominence during the past decades with the growing number of conflict-affected societies. Yet, the focus of our dissertation was not so much on abstract theories of state-building as on its history and practicality in conjunction and/or in intersection with the evolution of CS & NGOs. The perspective on state-building as promoted by the OECD entitled “Concepts and Dilemmas of State-Building in Fragile Situations” impregnates both the rationale and the methodology of our research
Ben, Ismail Anis. "Modélisation de la découpe des tôles ferromagnétiques : corrélation entre l'état mécanique et les propriétés magnétiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24600/24600.pdf.
Full textThe correlation between material evolution when dealing with blanking process and the degradation of the magnetic properties constitutes a key point in the design of the electric machines. Moreover, the measurement of the magnetic properties currently constitutes a tool for non destructive testing in rise in industry. Within the framework of a project on this topic, our work concerns the development of a predictive tool to establish a correlation between the blanking process, the state of the material which results from it and the magnetic properties of this last. This study lies within the scope of a collaboration between the University of Technology of Compiegne, Laval University (Quebec, Canada) and CETIM and it were broken up into two parts. The first part was devoted to the analysis and modeling of blanking process. Concerning the experimental aspects of work, uniaxial tensile tests at various strain rates made it possible to reach the mechanical behaviour of material and its sensitivity at the velocity. In addition, blanking tests were carried out in order to analyze the influence of different parameters from the process such as the clearance punch-die and velocity (blanking velocity / strain rate). Concerning the numerical aspects, finite elements modeling need the use of techniques and approaches suitable to treat the multiples non-linearity’s present in this kind of problems. In the second part we were interested in the correlation between the mechanical state of material and its magnetic properties following a punching effect. To reach quantities characteristic of the mechanical state of material in the vicinity of the cut edge, nanoindentation tests were combined with technique of inverse identification. In addition, magnetic measurements carried out on tensile specimen with various strain rates allowed to establish the evolution curve of permeability according to the plastic strain. The combination of these results enabled us to establish a correlation between the mechanical state of material, in particular the plastic strain, and the degradation of its magnetic properties (falls of permeability) in the vicinity of the cut edge.
Scherer, Maxi. "Le nom en droit international privé : étude de droit comparé français et allemand." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010291.
Full textBarceló, Compte Rosa. "Ventaja injusta y protección de la parte débil del contrato." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662729.
Full textAquest estudi centra la seva atenció en la utilitat i regulació de la figura de l’avantatge injust que esdevé un instrument eficaç per a combatre contractes manifestament desequilibrats en perjudici d’una de les parts contractants. El legislador català, amb l’aprovació del Llibre Sisè del Codi civil de Catalunya, ha fet un pas endavant en la previsió de normes de caire social que propugnen un Dret contractual més just, mitjançant la introducció de l’avantatge injust, figura pionera en l’entorn de l’Estat espanyol. La finalitat d’aquest instrument és protegir la integritat del consentiment que es va prestar apressadament i amb una voluntat no del tot lliure, i solucionar, així mateix, una manca d’equivalència objectiva entre les prestacions intercanviades per les parts. Per això s’ha incorporat una institució autònoma de protecció de la part dèbil emplaçada entre la justícia substantiva i la justícia procedimental. Alhora, el legislador ha mantingut i generalitzat la històrica norma de la rescissió per lesió que permet recuperar l’equilibri econòmic a què tendeixen els contractes estructuralment onerosos. Aquest treball d’investigació centra el seu àmbit d’estudi en la institució de l’avantatge injust a través d’un anàlisi crític que en destaca els beneficis que pot significar la seva incorporació en l’ordenament jurídic i, al mateix temps, planteja propostes de modificació sobre la regulació introduïda a partir de l’estudi de les propostes harmonitzadores del Dret contractual europeu i dels codis civils del nostre entorn.
The subject of the present study is the utility and regulation of the so-called ‘unfair advantage’ rule, which has become an effective instrument against contracts that are excessively unbalanced to the detriment of the weaker party. The Catalan legislator, after the adoption of Book VI of the Catalan Civil Code, has taken a step forward through the introduction of an ‘unfair advantage’ rule with the aim to achieve social justice in contract law; as such, the Catalan legislator is a pioneer in the Spanish legal environment. The objective of this rule is to protect the integrity of consent; to provide for an action to challenge the unjust consequences arising from consent that was given hastily and not in complete freedom; and to solve, at the same time, a lack of objective equality between the performance of the parties. To that end, an autonomous legal basis has been introduced for the protection of the weaker party, situated between procedural and substantive justice. Furthermore, the Catalan legislator has endorsed and expanded the historical concept of laesio enormis, that is intended to restore the economic balance and allows for rescission of contracts leaning toward being unreasonably onerous. The main focus of the research is on the institution of ‘unfair advantage’ by means of a critical analysis that highlights the potential of the introduction of this rule in private law. In addition, it proposes amendments to the Catalan regulation, drawing from the study of the proposals for the harmonization of European contract law and the legal systems around us.
Grégoire, Étienne. "Utilisation de l'analyse par ondelettes pour un suivi automatisé d'endommagement de structures par l'analyse des modes propres." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28704/28704.pdf.
Full textGoujon-Bethan, Thibault. "L'homologation par le juge. Essai sur une fonction juridictionnelle." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0033.
Full textHomologation by the judge is a controversial notion. The field of acts that may be subject to it is heterogeneous and unstable. The content of the judge of homologation’s act is not clearly understood, and the texts, in particular those relating to the agreements resulting from alternative dispute resolution modes, leave uncertainties. This disorder affects legal certainty, especially since homologation is still valued by the law, and that its growth accompanies the promotion of ADR. A theoretical clarification must therefore be proposed. Homologation by the judge, in its different manifestations, is a unitary phenomenon that must be understood in a global way. Rather than seeing it as an instrument without unity in the service of substantive law, the study takes homologation as a concept of procedural law. In this perspective, homologation can be identified as a jurisdictional function, that is, a uniform activity, fully integrated into the judging function, but also autonomous and particular within it. The study intends to unveil the common structure to all homologations, from which it is possible to identify an ordinary law, but also to highlight the logic of the differences of regime which can exist, by bringing them back to the state of declensions of the common core. This approach leads to an overall and rational view of the homologating function. It makes coherent the judge’s office, clarifies its purposes, describes its methodology, and take sides on the nature of this act, its effects towards the homologated act, its modalities of international recognition, and its procedural regime. The study thus tends to put in order the positive law, but also to reveal the virtualities of the notion of homologation, its potential, its vocation, setting milestones so that the homologation can constitute an operating mechanism fully in phase with the justice issues of the 21st century. The analysis thus relates, on the one hand, to the content of the homologation function, the judge’s office, which it undertakes to reunify, and, on the other hand, to its framework, the homologation proceedings, that it is given for mission to restore
Vimon, Jack. "Facteur temps et normes sociales dans l'acte juridique conditionnel." Orléans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ORLE0503.
Full textThe requirement for the juridical deed is an autonomous notion resulting from its social finality. Because of this, its validity will meet several specific condition criteria (part i). This characteristic will resurface when it is a question of studying the incidence of nullity of the condition on deed. It is necessary to visualize the juridical deed, with or without its condition, as existing by itself, in other word with regard to its social finality (part ii)
Minvielle, Stéphane. "Les comportements démographiques des élites bordelaises au XVIIIème siècle : les apports d'une reconstitution des familles à l'histoire de Bordeaux : de la Révocation de l'Edit de Nantes à lai͏̈cisation de l'état civil." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30042.
Full textAt the 18th century, Bordeaux is a prosperous city with many elites, which they are noble or commoners. We study their demographic behaviours thanks to a reconstitution of the families relating to more than 78000 parochial acts, including 9585 marriages. At that time, the marriage rate of the elites of Bordeaux is subjected to many constraints, as the control of the parents on the choice of the spouse, the late ages to the marriage, very strong rates of endogamy and homogamy, the respect of the lessons of the Church and the mobilisation of important capital to sign a marriage contract. Between 1685 and 1792, the average size of the descent passes from 9 to 4,5 children. The noble ones have the appearance of pioneers, their contraceptive turn dating from the years 1730 whereas, for the trade, it is necessary to wait until 1770 to attend the generalisation of contraception. In spite of many factors of stability, with in particular a rather weak mortality, the families of the elites renew themselves permanently, especially in a prosperous city which attracts with it individuals in the search of a social rise
Wittmann, Valérie. "Les interférences entre instances civiles et pénales parallèles : contribution à l'étude de la cohérence en matière juridictionnelle." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOD002.
Full textAWhen civil and penal proceedings occur in parallel, there is a risk of conflicting judgments, which positive law traditionally precludes by making penal proceedings paramount and by deferring adjudication on article 4 of the Criminal Code. This double mechanism, which ensures supremacy of criminal proceedings over civil proceedings, is quite singular. Indeed, it guarantees that the justifications for the decisions made are coherent. In other contentious matters, positive law pays little attention to such concerns. Moreover, it is unilateral, since it exclusively favours criminal law decisions. Though this supremacy was initially justified by the notion that criminal law decisions guaranteed truth, analysis has shown that this is largely debatable. First of all, with regard to the foundations themselves, this mechanism of course ensures a certain coherence of the matters judged, but maintains an appearance of truth rather than a guarantee of truth. Yet, precisely, the coherence of the justifications for distinct judgments is only legitimate insofar as it seeks to determine the truth. Then with regard to the system itself, the supremacy of criminal over civil proceedings interferes with the freedom of the civil judge, and violates by its absolute nature, the adversarial principle, while the systematic deferral of adjudication slows down procedures and undermines the objective of celerity. In order to remedy these drawbacks, legislators and jurisprudence have made an effort to limit the most damaging effects of this principle, by dissociating civil from repressive concepts, then by compartmentalising each within strict limits. Nevertheless, the objective of celerity finally won the day and legislators, through the law of 5th March 2007, retained the compulsory nature of the deferral of adjudication of article 4, but only with regard to civil action for damages resulting from the offence. The new law now establishes the principle of independence of parallel proceedings, even though it carries a risk of conflicting results. For the time being, however, the jurisdictions take into account the risk of conflicting results and have maintained the supremacy of criminal proceedings over civil proceedings. It is nonetheless desirable to revise the recent law, and to incorporate in the reasons which are necessary support for the criminal decision, the value of a refragable presumption of truth. The specific nature of decisions in criminal proceedings would thus be taken into account, and the sometimes antagonistic requirement of autonomy of the different jurisdictions, the coherence of the matters being judged, and the search for truth would thus be preserved
Duthé, Géraldine. "La transition sanitaire en milieu rural sénégalais : évolution de la mortalité à Mlomp depuis 1985 et influence du paludisme chimiorésistant." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0007.
Full textThe outbreak of infectious diseases constitutes an obstacle to the mortality decrease in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Mlomp, in rural Senegal, population has been monitored since 1985. Causes of death are assessed through verbal autopsies which are completed by medical information. Despite a good local health care system, mortality has increased from the beginning of the 1990s, supposing due to the development of anti-malarial drug resistance. In addition of a trend to an unfavorable familial structure, two major etiological problems have been shown by the analysis of levels and causes of deaths: malaria mortality has actually increased among children; and adults, especially men, are victims of different types of causes (communicable and reproductive diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries)
Toma-Dăuceanu, Laura. "La résolution unilatérale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010314.
Full textThe object. This study is dedicated to the unilateral termination of the contract in the situation when the contract is destroyed by the unilateral declaration issued by the creditor as a result of the significant breach of a contractual obligation by the debtor. This study mainly concerns the unilateral and legal termination of contract for breach as it was enshrined in Article 1552 of the Romanian Civil Code and also the case of the conventional unilateral resolution. The distinction between judicial termination of contract for breach and unilateral resolution of contract for breach is based on how the termination operates. Thus, while judicial termination of contract for breach is declared by the judge, the unilateral termination of contract for breach is declared by the party entitled. Excepting this distinction, the judicial termination of contract for breach and the unilateral one have the same legal regime. For these reasons this analyses focuses on the common elements of the termination of contract for breach. Furthermore, we believe that in this new legal frame the unilateral termination of contract for breach is intended as a general means of destruction of a contract for breach. This is the reason why in order to address the issue of unilateral termination of contract for breach we appreciated that a comprehensive analysis of the legal regime of the termination of contract for breach is required […]
Alamri, Khalid. "Le notaire au confluent des systèmes juridiques : esquisse d'une étude notariale transnationale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D015.
Full textAt the time of the internationalization of the law and the increasing mobility of people across state borders, notaries are confronted on a daily basis with family, personal or professional situations, with elements of 'foreignness. As a result, they are no longer content to apply national legislation, but are also open to the application of private international law methods. This study questions the possibility of a transnational notarial order in the light of the examination of notarial legislation in a number of legal systems. Such a study shows the existence of a favourable environment for the harmonisation and circulation of notarial acts, in the image of the European framework considered as a laboratory in this field. Nevertheless, there are still many legal obstacles that stand in the way of the possibility of a universal notarial order due to the legislation of certain countries, such as the Muslim countries
Brauner, Daniela Corrêa Jacques. "Igualdade / diversidade / vulnerabilidade: revisitando o regime das incapacidades rumo ao direito privado solidário de proteção à pessoa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180520.
Full textA tese propõe o estudo crítico do regime de incapacidade, delineado no Código Civil de 1916 e 2002, a partir das considerações a respeito da igualdade, diversidade e vulnerabilidade, no contexto do direito privado contemporâneo de viés solidário e de proteção à pessoa com a proposição, ao final, de uma alteração legal no instituto. Analisa, na primeira parte, o regime clássico de incapacidade, cada uma das categorias construídas historicamente que diferenciavam os sujeitos incapazes da prática de atos na vida civil, sob a consideração de que todos, de forma geral e abstrata, são iguais perante a lei. Como proteção à liberdade (de realizar contratos) e a igualdade formal que marcaram o direito privado do século XIX e XX, a lei distinguia os sujeitos que não possuiriam capacidade, segundo categorias previamente delimitadas: menores, loucos, surdos-mudos, ausentes, mulheres casadas, pródigos, silvícolas. Sob a justificativa de proteção, fulminava de invalidade os atos praticados pelos incapazes por ausência de vontade, pressuposto essencial, na teoria do negócio, para a realização de contratos obrigatórios. A vontade que não é livre e não é igual é marcada pela nulidade ou anulabilidade, conforme determinado pelo Código Civil de forma a não preencher validamente os planos do negócio jurídico. Na segunda parte, defende uma transformação do direito privado de cunho individualista para um direito privado solidário que leve em conta a proteção da fraternidade, no contexto do pluralismo, para a construção de uma igualdade material O método se renova, abandoando-se a hermenêutica dedutiva clássica, construída na segurança do positivismo jurídico para um método funcional que leve em conta a finalidade dos institutos, os valores do ordenamento, principalmente sob a ótica constitucional e dos direitos humanos, a partir de um diálogo de fontes, repudiando soluções clássicas na construção da norma no caso concreto. Neste aspecto, propõe-se a superação do paradigma da incapacidade, respeitando a diversidade na sociedade plural, mas sem deixar de se preocupar com a proteção dos sujeitos. Estuda-se, a partir do conceito de vulnerabilidade e diversidade, os sujeitos antes incapazes, defendendo que, por meio do reconhecimento da vulnerabilidade, obtém-se uma proteção mais adequada de modo a não afastar completamente o indivíduo da prática de atos da vida civil. Nesse sentido também, a teoria das invalidades ganha uma perspectiva mais funcional e não apenas como ausência de requisito do negócio jurídico. A partir da construção de uma ordem pública de proteção ao vulnerável é possível que o intérprete afaste dispositivos por meio da nulidade em razão de contrariedade com os valores do ordenamento. De outro lado, reconhece-se efeitos jurídicos da vontade dos vulneráveis de forma a atender maior visibilidade desses sujeitos na ordem social. Em sede de conclusão, apresenta uma proposta de alteração legislativa que pretenda promover uma revisão no regime de incapacidade clássico.
This thesis proposes the critical study of the legal incapacity established in the 1916 Brazilian Civil Code and 2002 Brazilian Civil Code, based on the considerations regarding equality, diversity and vulnerability, in the context of contemporary private law. At first, it analyzes each one of the historically categories of legal incapacity that distinguished the incapable subjects, under the consideration that all individuals are equal before the law. Based on the protection of freedom (to execute contracts) and the formal equality that marked the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the law distinguished the subjects that would not have legal capacity, according to categories previously delimited: minor, mentally handicapped person, deaf-mute, absent, married women, prodigal and Indians. All the acts practiced by the incapable were invalid according to the law under the pretext of protection. In the second part, it is proposed a transformation in private law: from an individualist characteristic to a private law of solidarity, that takes into account the protection of fraternity, in the context of pluralism, for the construction of a material equality. The method changes, leaving aside the classic deductive hermeneutics, built on the security of legal positivism for a functional method that takes into account the purpose of the institutes, the values of the legal order, mainly from the constitutional and human rights perspective Therefore, there is the importance of “dialogue of laws ” method. In this aspect, it is suggested to overcome the paradigm of legal incapacity, respecting diversity in plural society. The paper studies the subjects that once were incapables arguing that, through the recognition of vulnerability and diversity, a more adequate protection is obtained. Thus, the individual does not depart completely from the practice of legal acts. In this sense, the theory of invalidity gains a more functional perspective and not only as absence of elements of the contract. A public policy for the protection of the vulnerable must be considered in order to avoid contracts that are contrary to legal values such as human rights. On the other hand, it is proposed to recognize juridical effects of the will of the vulnerable person in order to reach greater visibility of these subjects in society. In conclusion, the paper proposes a legislative amendment that intends to promote a revision in classic legal incapacity.
Sesay, Mohamed Kanja. "La gouvernance sans Etat : une étude de cas sur les territoires contrôlés par le front révolutionnaire uni en Sierra Leone." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40043/document.
Full textThe war in Sierra Leone began in 1991 and ended in 2002. Analysts remaindivided on the question of its cause, particularly on the issue of the motivations ofthe rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF), the armed group which started thehostilities. From its entry into Sierra Leone to date; the RUF has been the subjectof much debate and criticism, both on its organization and its methods of wagingwar. By asking questions relating to the organizational capacity of the RUF, thisstudy aims to contextualize the central arguments often associated with civil warsof the Sierra Leonean kind: they insist on the absence of meaning; these conflictsillustrate a situation of chaos and/or are devoid of political reflections. They arealso the consequence of the absence or failure of a State.This present study continues these discussions in relation to the RUF, bydemonstrating that this guerilla force was not as disorganized as often portrayed,despite increased media coverage on its use of violence. The RUF was not a groupof murderous diamond thieves but also quite structured with a clear hierarchicallogic or ideology. Through this internal organisation, it set up structures toestablish governor/governed relations with urban populations under its control.The rebel force thus established a system to manage these local communities. Suchconsiderations changed the nature of the armed group in the areas under itscontrol, where it established a civil "administrative unit", far from being efficientbut identifiable as such.By juxtaposing the complex interactions of daily governance, the thesishighlights the governance practices of the RUF and the aspects that characterise"normal" life in these « war torn » towns. It analyzes the variables of therelationship between members of the rebel movement occupying these towns andthe local population. Once a town is conquered, the rebels are forced to dosomething there, an "administrative system" establishing an order of coexistence inthe whole area is imposed.The study therefore analyzes the tools of civil governance, mobilized intime of war. During this study, several field research trips to Sierra Leone, wereconducted. These trips have allowed the realization of several interviews,individual and collective. They support the general ideas presented in this thesis