Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Acteurs – France – 18e siècle'
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Juratic, Sabine. "Le monde du livre à Paris entre absolutisme et Lumières : recherches sur l'économie de l'imprimé et sur ses acteurs." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4051.
Full textBased on a study of printed books professionals and their practices, this thesis evaluates the economic impact of the state control over all printed material that king louis the xivth established at the beginning of his reign and that lasted until the revolution. First part looks into printing and publishing organization in paris as driven by booksellers and printers community. Second part details socio-professional aspects of master printers from end of 17th and over a century. The last part highligts the changes in printing labor and how they impact the distribution business
Filippi, Florence. "L'Artiste en vedette : François-Joseph Talma (1763-1826)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100206.
Full textWith the French Revolution stage actors became recognized in civilian society. In the general movement of artistic independence he was freed from sponsors and became a citizen in his own right, endowed with a true public function. Within this new environment –that of drama actors’ growing worth – François-Joseph Talma foremost Comedie-Française actor built up his personal myth. This actor relied on painting, reviewing and literature to make himself known and durably establish his achievements: the making of a star inevitably involved being acknowledged in other artistic production fields, which he used to inscribe a memory of his acting. The star was then coveted by authors, painters and the audience, who wanted to possess his image, reify and save it from transitory fame. By letting pictures and texts reflect his actor’s aura, Talma managed to be both a star and an artist : a star as he leaned on a modern promotional system , close to economic and political power but an artist also since he took part in the writing , directing and imagination of his roles. Before a star’s and an artist’s image fulfilled two opposite theatre concepts his example is that of a blending of two principles that would henceforth be inconsistent : create and be created, reconciling the creating artist’s image and that of a creature made up for success
Desprez, Michaël. "Les premiers professionnels ou du comédien à l'acteur : constitution d'un métier, constitution d'une image : Italie, France : c.1500-c.1630." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100119.
Full textBetween the end of the fifteenth and the beginnings of the seventeenth century in Italy and arguably in France, the comedian as a profession comes strongly into light. Linked to the constitution of a professional activity, this image is also inherently linked to its being socially acceptable, according to an importance unheard of since the Antiquity. First of all, its birth is linked to the theoretical rediscovery of the performance and of the dramatic text infused with a dialogic dimension. Born in Italy, propelled by the Valois Monarchy, this new image is also a new practice, based on professional innovations such as professional companies, traveling and the rise of the professional actress. Those factors serves to underline a change from an artisan-based to an artist-orientated activity, which draw support from another XVIth century novelty: the constitution of a dramatic activity-the comedian letterato- giving rise to codified dramatic forms and practices. All these changes imply a new social image in order to turn the dramatic profession into a sociably acceptable activity, either by playing down overt reference to theater, or, more favourably, by turning the comedian into an actor. Such an evolution, testified for the end of the XVIth century implies the end of a dramatic activity hitherto considered as homogenous
Scuiller, Sklaerenn. "Le commerce alimentaire dans l’Ouest de la France au XVIIIe siècle : territoires, pratiques et acteurs." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20044/document.
Full textThe study of food retailing in the provinces of Brittany and Normandy in the eigtheenth century shows that these territories both maritime and rural, are organized by exchange place where infrastructure, dynamics and attractiveness are very different. While large port cities connected to the world are the economic centers of this geographical area, secondary urban centers are characterized by distribution channels they stimulate. Rural areas are not fergotten. They gradually discover exotic foods imported from Asia and the Caribbean. Local merchants are at the heart of this trade. Their practices are usually routine and are based on oral contracts, neighbourhood relationships, professional and interpersonal relationships and payments in coins. However, writing to inquire, negociate, or guarantee the payment of a purchase is not unusual, especially in city. The accounts books and business correspondence sometimes support the daily management of their shop . This merchants are not less contrasted and fragile. They are very different and have very different business volumes but all of them share the benefits as credit risks. No profession is immune from bankruptcy. Often settled out of court, this stage of their professional life can be the starting point for sustainable difficulties and irreversible disgrace
Marandet, François. "Marchands et collectionneurs de tableaux à Paris (1710-1756) : les acteurs et les mécanismes de circulation de la peinture dans la première moitié du 18ème siècle en France." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE4016.
Full textIn France, during the first half of the eighteenth century, the role played by art dealers in the formation of the greatest collections of painting (the Regent, Pierre Crozat, Countess de Verrue, prince of Carignano) remains an obscure matter. The discovery of the account book of an art dealer and of many other archival documents enables us to reconstitute some of the most important transactions of the art market. At the end of the reign of Louis XIV, jewelers like Le Tessier de Montarsis negotiated for the Regent and Pierre Crozat a series of fundamental works art (by Raphaël, Veronese, Poussin), while some "maîtres-peintres" like André Tramblin and Pierre Testard started playing a growing role in the exchanges. After 1720, dealers who came from the Netherlands and who had established themselves in Paris, especially Joseph-Ferdinand Godefroid, were now advising the most famous collectors. Renowned for their gifts as restorers, Flemish dealers promoted Northern genre scenes while the "classical taste" (Poussin, Titian, Tintoretto) fell into some kind of disgrace. The phenomenon can be seen when the collection of La Chataigneraye was auctioned (1733) and when some forty pictures were acquired to enrich the collection of Louis XIV (1742). The auction catalogue was now gradually spreading out and it is through this commercial tool that a mercier like Gersaint tried to develop his business. After 1740, german sovereigns turned more and more to the parisian art market, especially kings Augustus III and Frederic II. In 1756, the beginning of the war of the Seven Years was to put an end to this more european period of the markert of art
Lamy, Jérôme. "Archéologie d'un espace savant : l'observatoire de Toulouse aux 18e et 19e siècles : lieux, acteurs, pratiques, réseaux." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0023.
Full textThe study of the observatory of Toulouse, of its foundation in 1734 at the departure, in 1908, of Benjamin Baillaud, the director who completed the reforms of the third republic, allows to apprehend, through the various regimes of knowledge which are successively spread, the evolutions of a place of knowledge in its multiple dimensions. The changes of the figure of the astronomer, of the spaces of observation and the technical tools constitute a first axis of analysis to discern the historical process in progress. The examination of the scientific practices, of the gestures of the observer to the publication of the results, makes it possible to locate the processess of validation of the achieved results. Finally the Toulouse astronomers of the 18th and 19th centuries fit at the same time in the scientific community and the "garonnaise" city : by their will to be integrated into it, they reveal the access modes and the tensions which are established between science and the social request. The transition from a regime of knowledge to another is visible in each dimension of the place of knowledge. Partial continuities make it possible to establish the link and ensure the permanence of the observatory
Derrien, Dominique. "L'industrie et le commerce maritime du cuir en Bretagne au XVIIIe et dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle (v. 1700-v. 1830) : l'intégration d'une industrie et de ses acteurs dans l'espace économique français." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20006.
Full textLeather manufacturing appears as an old industry, mainly established in peripheral regions of France, along borders and seashores, as in the case of Brittany where it particulary expanded during the modern era. Nets as well as local and international links prove that tanneries belonged to the proto-industrial structures, although integrating various resources at the same time. Breton made leathers were sent all round the Atlantic ocean. They were then most of the time sold in Bilbao, Lisbon and as far as Portuguese colonies. Manufacturers and merchants made big fortunes through this activity. They stayed wealthy until the end of the "Ancien Régime" (1789), taking advantage of royal privileges which helped their products compete on the international markets. Though, while this industry was more and more attracted by sea trade, French monarchy gradually increased national norms and control proceedings, allowing for instance a few manufactures in Brittany to raise State subsidy. Not only did these experiences fail, but also tanneries were deeply affected when France was isolated by British maritime blockade throughout the Revolution and the Empire. If one could think that trade would take up again after the "Restauration" (1815), the manufactures never regained prosperity but started to decline, although they often survived as a significant part of Breton industrial landscape
Fournier, Éric. "Paris en ruines (1851-1882) : entre flânerie et apocalypse : regards, acteurs, pratiques." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010568.
Full textDennis, Hélène. "Le XIXe siècle français face à ses acteurs : mort et fortune des grands interprètes de la Comédie en activité sous la Restauration, à travers la presse parisienne." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS002S.
Full textThe French XIXth Century assigned the theatre a foremost place, specially the comic genre. It became the vector for social and individual forceful trends. Hence, the death of a once famous actor enlightens him as well as those who survive him. Words and attendance to the burial display recollection and oblivion, the look put on an art and his artists placed until then under secular bias. The death ritual replace the dead among a cultural nebula very dense and show a man often exemplary of his century with his respectable way of life – a new look and position. The result of the actors’ thoughts and fight through professional associating, promotion of their art history, helped with the soar of the press. The journalists were often playwrights and part of the audience such the attraction for the drama was strong
Bouillon, Christine. "Un acteur et son public : Frédérick Lemaître à Paris et en province (1823-1876)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010638.
Full textFrederick Lemaître was one of the most famous actors of the + boulevard du crime ; in the xixth century. He was born in normandy in a middle-class family. He became famous in 1823 thanks to his creation of the character of robert macaire in the auberge des adrets, and played almost without a break until he died in 1876. He has been the interpreter of Victor Hugo (Ruy Blas), of Dumas (Kean), of Lamartine (Toussaint Louverture), but also of numerous unknown authors of melodrama. His differents tours allowed him to be famous through the whole country and even in london, brussels and geneva. He had very strong links with his audience, who followed him from one theater to another (from the porte saint-martin where he played most of the time to the ambigu or even the varietes or the folies-dramatiques) and this audience used to applaud him as well as to boo him if they were displeased. The audience was also interrested in the actor's private life and newspapers published a lot of articles about it, all the more than his wife, like most of his mistresses were also frequently his main partners. Gradually a real legend was created around his personnality, presenting him as a debauched man, a drunkard who beat his lovers and wasted all his money. Frederick Lemaître seams to have taken pleasure sometimes in playing his own character out of the stage. On the contrary, Frederick seams to have taken to heart to dismiss the idea, spread by several critics, that he always played something of robert macaire whatever the play he performed. In fact, in 1834 he wrote a play which showed the character of robert macaire became a great swindler and performed it. The play was perceived as a satire of the society and was very successfull. From then, in spite of all his efforts in very different parts, this robert macaire stuck to him until his death and even after
Monet, Jacques. "Emergence de la kinésithérapie en France à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle : une spécialité médicale impossible : genèse, acteurs et intérêts de 1880 à 1914." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/asclepiades/pdf/monet1.pdf.
Full textRenaud, Hervé. "La fabrication d'un enseignement de l'analyse pour l'enseignement secondaire en France au XIXè siècle : acteurs, institutions, programmes et manuels." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4079/document.
Full textDifferential and integral calculus has been taught at theÉcole Polytechnique since its creation in 1794. But thedifferent conceptions of the calculus principles led tochanges in curriculum and teaching. Rapidly, theelements of calculus were taught in the main preparatoryclasses to the entrance examination to the ÉcolePolytechnique. The notion of derivative functionappeared in the curriculum of this examination in 1851,consecrating then a common practice. During thefollowing half century, pressure of teachings in thepreparatory classes, whose tracks are found intextbooks, led to changes in the curriculum. Authors, whowere simultaneously professors in preparatory classes,assessors at the entrance examination to the ÉcolePolytechnique and the École Normale Supérieure andteachers in these schools, published textbooks whosecontents surpassed the official curriculum and initiateddebates. Thus, at the end of the 1880’s, irrationalnumbers construction, notions on set theory andRiemann's integral were present in textbooks dedicatedto the preparatory classes. Some of those contents wereintegrated to the curriculum. The arithmetical foundationsof Analysis considered too abstract caused in 1896 thesuppression of the notion of definite integral introduced inthe curriculum in 1885. The study over half a century ofinteractions between curricula, textbooks and teachers ofthe different orders of education allows to understand theintroduction of the derivative function in 1891 in the lastgrade of modern education, considered at that time as asecond-class teaching, then in 1902 in the classicaleducation
Bogomolova, Anastasia. "Marché russe des modes françaises en 1700-1825 : jeux politiques, acteurs, produits, contrebande." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H053/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this study is to determine the organisation of the Russian market of French fashion in the XVlllth-XIXth centuries, to analyse its development and the factors that influence it. First created artificially by Peter the Great's decrees on dress, the demand for the European outfits becomes natural in the context of gallomania. However, the consumption is mainly narrow and aristocratic because of the high cost of the imported fashion goods. Russia represents an important outlet for the French manufacturer as it consumes a large part of silk and other fashion products. The Russian market is not limited to the direct exports shown in the statistics which underestimate its importance, it also involves a big traffic that transits via Germany, and the illicit flows. The imports of French luxury goods contradict the interests of the Russian authorities that try to control them in order to stimulate the national industries. The market develops under the influence of the protectionist customs policy of Russian Empire and the wars that make it unstable, especially for the manufacturers and merchants. Despite the fact that the exchanges are often disrupted, they never stop. The links between the French manufacturers and the Russian consumers have turned to be stronger than the legislative compulsions and international conflicts. The adaptation of the Russian market to the difficult circumstances takes place through the appearance of new trade channels, both legal and illegal that make the laws of offer and demand triumph
Daireaux, Luc. "« Réduire les huguenots » : protestants et pouvoirs en Normandie sous le règne de Louis XIV : processus, acteurs, discours." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0093.
Full textKalyntschuk, Mathieu. "Entre agricolisation et pastoralisation : Histoire sociale du développement agricole et de ses acteurs dans le département du Doubs, XIXe siècle – première moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20113/document.
Full text« There is nowhere such a large number of agronomists who devote their talents and their days to discover and spread useful truths, nor such a large number of excellent works on agriculture, and there is nowhere such a large number of ignorant farmers, incapable of understanding what it would be important for them to appreciate ». Such is the panorama of French agriculture drawn up in 1821 by Désiré Ordinaire, member of the Agricultural Society of the Doubs. This picture of agricultural France with little ability to innovate – except for the great landowner agronomists – has long been fixed in the minds of researchers, who have often considered that agriculture started to develop with the high productivity of the 1960s. We believe that « agricultural development »is, however, an older process, rooted in individual or collective initiatives which were sometimes very early. After clarifying the concept of « agricultural development », we therefore seek to prove that French agriculture had already been dynamic during the nineteenth century. The example of the Doubs department enables us to study how it moved on to pastoral specialization. The analysis of the actors of the agricultural development during the 19th and 20th centuries, backed by prosopographical and micro-historical methods, allows us to throw light on the changes in agriculture, on their chronology.Finally, the monitoring of over 800 people – members of the Agricultural Society, of the country fair and consultative chambers, of the trade unions and mutual insurance companies, or else prizewinners – enables us to specify and date the periods when the agrarian elite, the actors in this development, emerged. This elite did not necessarily choose pastoral specialization, thus showing a complex relationship between agriculturalisation and pastoralization
Nishida, Shikiko. "Les "comédiens-poètes" en France du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040113.
Full textWe count in total twenty-two actors-authors, including two women, from the last third part of the XVIth century until the creation of la Comédie-Française in 1680, so upon a hundred years period of time. To understand the birth and then the rising of this actors’ very writting way, we start to study in the prologue Chateauvieux and Hardy’s plays’ first productions’ conditions at the beginning of the century. In the first part, we study the emergence of this practice among parisian actors around 1640 through Desfontaines and Montfleury. In the second part, we light up the important role of plays made to order as well as the institutions while strolling actors-authors emerging in 1650 and 1662. To that purpose we use archivic methods revealing us relationships between Des Carreaux, Dorimond and Rochefort, three contemporaneous actors-authors of Molière, and also provincial parties’ sponsors. In the third part, still with archives’help, we mainly follow Dorimond, Rosidor and Rochefort’s activities around 1660. We study the competition between them in La Haye and Bruxelles regarding their own plays’s first productions as well as authors’plays revival, especially plays with stage effects. In the epilogue, we light up the specificity of the actors-authors writting way, quite different from the authors’way, through the analysis of Villiers, Madeleine Béjart, La Thorillière’s works, all chance actors-authors, and we find out the writting swiftness of actors-authors generally speaking
Baudry, Jérôme. "Une histoire de la propriété intellectuelle : les brevets d’invention en France, 1791-1844 : acteurs, catégories, pratiques." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0093.
Full textThis work offers a history of intellectual property, based on a detailed study of the French patent system between 1791 and 1844. It argues that patents should not be seen as a mere economic tool invented to satisfy the needs of the Industrial Revolution. Rather, patents inextricably combine conceptions of science, technology, law, economy and politics; therefore, a history of patents cannot but encompass an analysis of the categories which are characteristic of the « age of revolution ». Writing the history of this new area of law implies confronting these categories - such as natural rights, the commons, representation, novelty - and the diverse actors and practices which were engaged in its construction. Going back and forth between theory and practice is made possible only through the mediation of an inscription device; inventors have to become authors and have to turn their inventions into inscriptions in order to appropriate them. It is only by taking patent files, and especially specifications, as a central historical source that we can study the institution of patents. With such a method, history can also shed light on the contemporary debates about intellectual property
Sim, Gérald. "La représentation diplomatique et consulaire française aux États-Unis (1815-1904) : réseaux, acteurs, pratiques, regards." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2015.
Full textThe study of the French diplomatic and consular presence in the United States is a mirror of the ambitions and the limits of the French diplomacy in North America during the 19th century. This research draws up an overall picture of the French diplomatic network through its actors. As mainstays of foreign politics, diplomats and consuls supported and influenced the political decisions made in Paris. Following the end of the Atlantic revolutions, the diplomatic network organized itself in a commercial logic way. During the whole century, this axis of the French diplomacy is deeply intertwined with a geopolitical logic way. The latter oscillated between two ways: bringing France and the United States together in order to limit the British commercial and maritime hegemony in the Atlantic area ; and coming to an agreement with London to thwart the American territorial expansion towards the West. As actors and witnesses of the political recombining which affects North America, diplomats are the relays of a policy aiming at restoring a French influence in this part of the New World, with no regard for the Monroe doctrine. The failures of the French diplomacy and the advent of the United States as the imperial power made the Quai d’Orsay readjust its policy. Implicitly recognizing the principles of the Monroe doctrine, the diplomatic actors are to support the creation of a French-American official memory reviving the fight shared for the cause of freedom during the War of Independence. This will to create memory took part in the building of the myth of La Fayette as a hero of the two worlds. This myth was in fact being used as window dressing on reality of the bilateral relations of the 19th century marked by the assertion of two political messianisms on both sides of the Atlantic
Jankowiak, Christophe. "Le notaire et la transmission successorale du patrimoine familial en Gascogne gersoise 1785-1805." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2014.
Full textFayard, Dominique. "Marchands de maigre, marchands de gras. Histoire sociale du commerce du bétail et de ses acteurs en Brionnais-Charolais, de la fin du 19e siècle à nos jours." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20105.
Full textThe social history of cattle trade and its actors in Brionnais-Charolais, from the late 19th century up to nowadays merges into the history of the setting up of the cattle industry which has built itself around three fields : breeding, feeding and trade. My thesis reveals the different stages which have marked it up : from the development of cattle feeding in the second half of the 19th century, then the gradual access to wealth by farmers-breeders during the 20th century, to a questioning of old practices since the 1960s, replaced by brood cows breeding. I have carried out my thesis from very fragmentary sources into an assembly of facts (which had required great inventiveness) and shown how much contribution it could bring to the knowledge of rural, social and economical history. I propose a new perspective on the successive adaptations to a profoundly changing agricultural society. I have analyzed in a pioneering way the changes in the family as well as the farm or the trade fields. Thanks to a prosopographical approach, from a corpus of feeders and cattle dealers, this study brings the actors of specialization to light. In the same way, I have revealed the methods and the networks in which cattle and money circulate and which have contributed to opening up the studied area. Until the mid-20th century, the rural Brionnais society had rested on a patiently acquired equilibrium, soon shaken by a modernized agriculture and the Common Agricultural Policy. In the second half of the 20th century, the industry got itself organized gradually. The professionalization of cattle trade goes through the end of cattle dealers and the setting up of cooperatives. In the early 21st century, one has to wonder about the evolution of cattle traders and of breeding itself in the birthplace of Charolais cattle
Leu, Stéphanie. "Les petits et les grands arrangements. L'État bilatéral : une réponse au défi quotidien de l'échange de populations : une histoire diplomatique de la migration et du droit des migrants entre France et Suisse. Organisation, acteurs et enjeux (inter)nationaux. Milieu du XIXe-1939." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0039.
Full textThrough a precise study of the bilateral relations between France and Switzerland from the 1850ies to 1939, we want here to understand how two states with opposite political and institutional systems try each to handle the status of their migrant populations who live in the other country. In this thesis we also aim at describing and analyzing the influence of the international and interstate disputes on the development of the "national state" and, more precisely, over the policies of population. Throughout this study, we are discussing a new concept : the "bilateral state". It may refer both to the process of discussions, wich concern a lot of actors on the local and national stages of the two states, and to the transnational, juridical and mental space, wich rise out of these negotiations
Cazauran, Jean Marie. "Trajectoires des acteurs et des structures dans l'organisation d'un système de santé en Dordogne de 1803 à 1939." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30007.
Full textConsidering the important place of health in our contemporary society, this work will focus on the study of the transition from an « Ancien Régime » health system to the current system, in a rural department such as the Dordogne. In 1803, the first laws were created to establish medical and pharmaceutical monopolies to lead, in 1939, to the main elements of our current system. The evolution of the system is a consequence of the meeting of the demands for health and well-being of ever-widening populations and the provision of health care by individuals becoming more professional. In the 19th century (Part I), medical doctors eliminated competition (health officers, quacks and other health care providers) and found their real place in society (epidemics, hygiene, social life). Pharmacists moved from manufacturing and selling simple products to the selling of increasingly industrial medecine and other parapharmacy products. Midwives and congregational sisters were either assistants or rivals. The demand for healthcare came from more and more different social groups and for more and more varied illnesses. The needy were taken care of by charitable offices, beggars’homes and hospital-hospices which were in growing numbers, expanding their clientele outside of indigence. In the 20th centuty (Part II) the system oscillated between liberalism defended by health providers (trade unionism) and statism to improve the health of increasingly large populations. The medical specialization appeared and the pharmacists, comforted by their monopole, became a part of a capitalist system. The State’s social mission was carried out through the organization of public health by geographical departement, through the opening of dispensaries and through the passing of laws (free medical aid, assistance to the elderly, infirm and disabled, industrial accidents, workers’ and peasant farmers’ pensions, etc.). Charitable offices seemed inadequate. The specialization of hospital structures took place, hospitals received patients and the fight against scourges (tuberculosis, syphilis) mobilised the authorities and carers. Advances in surgery made it possible to open private surgical clincs in the cities. The financing of the system (Part III) involved three modes : private charity and its corollary public assistance, foresight with the Mutual Aid Societies and solidarity in the form of Social Insurance. Until now, no system has supplanted the others and the coexistence of the three is one of the characteristics of the French Health System
Inderwildi, Frédéric. "Acteurs et réseaux commerciaux dans la librairie d'Ancien Régime : la société typographique de Neuchâtel, 1769-1789." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4057.
Full textRideau, Gaël. "De la religion de tous à la religion de chacun. Les hommes face à l'église et à la religion à Orléans au XVIIIe siècle (1667-1791)." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1062.
Full textFrom curves of ordinations to the study of the religious stamp in the domestic space, a transition of the religious life in Orleans stands out. It expresses itself by a laicisation of the people's view upon the clergy. Collective devotions and parish-life still crucial, but they change. The parish carries an economical logic as much as a religious one. Nevertheless, in the same time, a thrust draws up. Testament illustrates an individual remaking with a movement of gestures and discourses to the family-life. The birth of a religious-domestic complex completes this associating pious objects, pictures and books. Jansenism and Enlightenment are crucial in this movement. In this way, they may be bound. Therefore, in the eighteenth century Orleans, the religion did not know a dechristianisation, but a secularisation, that is to say a passage of the vitality toward a more individual logic
Balsan, Bernard. "Seigneuries dromoises au siècle des lumières." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33018.
Full textThe seigneurial system in the drome at the centuty of the lights in based upon the modernisation of the seigneurality by the nobility class. This group practise the feodal reaction. The peasants are opposed at their lords. They goes in justice for the protection of their rights. This struggle is one of the reasons of the french revolution
Conchon, Anne. "Le péage en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010520.
Full textPitavy-Simoni, Pascale. "Aux origines du laissez faire : les libéralismes économiques en France au dix-huitième siècle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010068.
Full textThis thesis sets out to relate french origins of laissez faire in order to show the emergence of a number of different types of economic liberalism in France in the eighteenth century, that is to say different from physiocratic or smithian thought. This interpretation of liberal discourses' plurality is developped through a double research main line : on the one hand, a wealth's analysis ; new theoritical conceptualizations of wealth -land or labor- represent a fondamental step around four items : money, corn trade, luxury and tax system. On the other hand, it is explained that economic freedom is claimed, in France in the eighteenth century, against practical and principles of colbertism. In others words, this thesis shows firstly that economic liberalism emerges in france in the eighteenth century, secondly that it emerges from this new theoritical conceptualizations of wealth and against Colbertism's interventionist hegemony, and finally that different types of economic liberalism consequently exist. Three strands of economic liberalism are distinguished : the monetary liberalism of melon and dutot ; the property rights liberalism of the physiocrats ; and the egalitarian liberalism of gournay and graslin. Through this plurality of liberal thought, the thesis sets also out to think about what is traditionally attributed to economic liberalism -individualism, noninterventionism, free trade
Massounie, Dominique. "Les monuments de l'eau : aqueducs, châteaux d'eau et fontaines dans la ville moderne (1661-1791)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010670.
Full textWolvesperges, Thibaut. "Le mobilier parisien en laque au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040197.
Full textThe study of Parisian furniture of lacquer was never really dissociated from the general history of Parisian furniture of XVIIIth century or, sometimes, related, in a broader way, without being truly deepened, to the 'chinoiserie'. However, nobody has analyzed, so far, the lacquer and its market in France during the XVIIIth century, on the ground of archives documents, which is crucial for a good understanding of this kind of furniture. The creation and trade of such particular furniture was conditioned by the great difficulty to obtain in Paris high-quality panels. After having studying the lacquer's market, we suggest to start on the different lacquer used in the Parisian cabinetmaking, together with their reproductions carried out according to the 'vernis martin' technique. Then, we will be able to deepen Parisian furniture of lacquer's trade -the most important of all-, hold, not by cabinetmakers, but by 'marchands-merciers' delivering sparingly lacquer panels that the cabinetmakers could not acquire due to their high price. Finally, we will study the cabinetmakers position, then we will deal with amateurs and collectors of lacquer and lacquer furniture and particularly the royal taste for them, on the basis of numerus documents from the 'garde-meuble de la couronne' kept in the National archives
Marchand, Patrick. "Les maîtres de poste et le transport public en France : 1700-1850." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010520.
Full textHennebelle, David. "Aristocratie, musique et musiciens à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30026.
Full textThe relationship which linked the aristocratic circle, music and musicians was the mainstructuring basis of the musical world during the Age of Enlightenment. Through various motives and aptitudes, wealthy aristocrats protected musicians. They would support private orchestras, accept dedications. They would contribute to extend the music market or would assert their musical tastes by frequently practissing music themselves. From praise music to avant-garde music, the aristocratic musical patronage enjoyed their Golden Age and directed the birth of specific forms of musical creations. As for musicians who were in the service of an aristocratic house, they would have various but still rather privileged statuses. As they were able to diversify their activities and their ways of life, and as they were very close to high social groups - which they could identify to, musicians contributed in building a complex image of their profession : they weren't submissive artist but neither were they emancipated artists
Martin, Frédéric F. "Justice et législation sous le règne de Louis XI : La norme juridique royale à la veille des Temps modernes." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020081.
Full textVergnaud, Jean-Louis. "Le sentiment de l'honneur en France au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040093.
Full textThe French sense of honor in the 18th century is a means of evaluation of oneself as well as of the others' value, virtue, prestige or rank. It actually constitutes the moral code of nobility and of gentlemen-soldiers, ruled by legislation and jurisprudence. However on revolution outbreak, it declines for two reasons: first, because of the new ideals of freedom and equality bring up by the revolution; second because after monarchy's overthrow, it no longer constitute the cement between nobility and royal authority
Hilaire-Pérez, Liliane. "Inventions et inventeurs en France et en Angleterre au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.numilog.com/bibliotheque/cite-sciences/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=85431.
Full textStudying innovation in XVIIIth-century Europe often means comparing France to England. For a long time, historians have considered that England was the schoolmaster of the industrial revolution, but it is assumed now that, as jean bouvier said, "each nation is different from its neighbours", wich is not contrary to English domination over Europe. In fFrance, absolutism and academism fastened ties between science and politics, public utility and privilege, talent and private succes. The 1762 royal declaration confirmed this when regularizing the issue of monopolies for invention. In England, the bond between science and politics was a stack one, except if the state interests were at stake (statute of monopolies, 1624). Patents were issued without examination, but if paying. Nevertheless, in both countries, the technician was a new man, a craftsman and a genius, more encouraged in england (society of arts), much confused in France. Genuis and talent meant the setting of a natural right for inventors, in a more disputed way in France. But in both countries, the enlightened reconciling of arts and sciences was shadowed by new hiearchies betwwen technicians. At the end of the century, all across the channel, economic growth was the sole end of inventions. Large investments in innovation became sufficient proof for French government, as it released form the laxw process, in the English way. The birth of the brevet in 1791, imitated from the patents, also meant the setting of relief funds for needy inventors. As a matter of fact, natural right had to cope with social disparities
Villate, Dominique. "L'équipement hôtelier parisien au milieu du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040296.
Full textBy the middle of the 18th century, about 940 residential hotels were concurrently set up in Paris. As a hostelry for travelers, they were concentrated in the north where gathered public coaches though the famed inns preferred the west part of Paris visited by rich foreigners. The variety of the prices didn't involve a great difference in the set of the facilities placed at visitors' disposal, except for the quality of materials. Embellishment, comfort, attendance, were progressively uniformed meanwhile many hotels claimed their specificity. Trade narrowly watched by the police, exacting the keeping of registers of customers, hostelry happened to be exposed to undesirable visitors who put them in financial difficulties
Krampl, Ulrike. ""Sous prétexte de magie" : les secrets des faux sorciers de la police de Paris entre croyances et escroquerie au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0005.
Full textAfter a partial decriminalization of the crime of witchcraft by royal edict of 1682, the police of Paris continues to persecute men and women who practice any kind of magic (treasure hunting, invocation of spirits or the devil, divination/astrology, "secret" remedies for the body, love, chance at gambling) or who engage in the transmutation of metals. Throughout the 18th century the police calls them "falses witches". A detailed study of contemporary texts (dictionaries, treatises, police records) traces the ways of how the term "magic" is constituted through language and its practice. It also shows that the exercise of magic in the city fundamentally addresses the domain of the "secret". Thus, the issues at stake are of prime importance to contemporaries, as they concern the constitution of a "public", enrichment and the social and economic organization of the city. This novel and original configuration of magic emphasizes above all its commercial dimension : the "false witches" are accused of "abusing the credulous public", and more frequently, of "fraudulence"; this new vision of magic is for the first time to be officially taken into account during the French revolution (legislation of 1791). Magic appears to be placed between possible transcendence and the omnipresent risk of swindling. This ambivalent social and epistemological position brings forth a specific form of inscription into space and time through which the dynamics of magical beliefs can be explored. In this sense, the "false witches" of the Paris police prove an interesting means to reconsider the history of 18th century urban life between imagination and material realilty
Hibou-Dugat, Juliette. "Le goût pour le XVIIIe siècle dans l'ébénisterie française au XIXe siècle (1839-1900)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040076.
Full textDuring the 19th century, decorative arts and particularly furniture were marked by a disconcerting polyphony of neo-styles. Around 1830, one can note a revival for 18th century styles, neo-styles which were probably the most durable, broadcast, symbolic and influent. These pastiches and copies of furniture bore marked aesthetic, historical, cultural, social and political values. Paradoxically, these styles born under the monarchy, became favoured by the new bourgeoisie and, under the Third Republic, symbolised the French national style. Throughout the century, the appearance and the evolution of this interest for the previous century is apparent in the study of both the knowledge and the image one had of the History and the Arts of the Age of Enlightenment, in the examination of the first collections of 18th century furniture, and in the analysis of the pieces presented at the national and universal exhibitions. This new aesthetic dominated in the eclectic interiors during the second half of the century. The ébénistes showed an unheard ingenuity and erudition in responding to this increasing demand in France, in Europe and in the United States. The quality of their work attests of their ability to adapt to new technical, stylistic and economical circumstances, while respecting the tradition of their craft. This taste and this production engendered critics and debates on the notion of style, on creativity and the importance of the tradition and modernity, forwarding the paradoxical role of these neo-styles in the beginnings of modernity
Seriu, Naoko. "Faire un soldat : une histoire des hommes à l'épreuve de l'institution militaire (XVIIIe s.)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0026.
Full textEntering into a vast movement of reforms in the second half of the XVIIIth century, the French army demonstrates its willingness to shape soldiers. Our analysis will first focus on this institution's new concern that appears in the opinions of officers. Debates about desertion, rewards or drill pave the way for a new line of separation between deserter and soldier, whose esteem has to be enhanced, and whose body has to be straightened up. When an individual enlists, what trials will he undergo to meet the norms and get accepted in this new worls? The cross-questionings of deserters allow us to analyze military life from the point of view of the individuals. Hierarchical violence, separation from family, conflicts with comrades are as many patterns generating the sufferong of soldiers. Speeches on soldiers, speeches from soldiers are echoing to shed light on the running of the institution
Lilti, Antoine. "Le monde des salons : la sociabilité mondaine à Paris dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010570.
Full textBressan, Thierry. "Le proces de la condition mainmortable en france et dans les etats voisins : 1661-1798." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070013.
Full textFrom the last third of the 17th century to its final abolition at the beginning of the revolutionary period, the "condit ion mainmortable", heir to the medieval corporeal serfdom, kept affecting a not inconsiderable number of french province s. It made it under different forms : regims of pure personal subjection, solely landed servitudes, or mixings of both. Moreover it rose up an important public trial, which is easily disclosed throught the contemporary literary output and jurisprudence. This wide arraignment, which the general plan of emancipation worked out by the "premier president" lamoi gnon opened, was at its zenith with the voltairian campaign against the chapter of saint-claude and, shortly after, the promulgation of the neckerian edict of august 1779. As a matter of fact, such an arraignment was at the crossing of three large-scale progressive movements: the movements for the unification of the customary laws, for the rehabilitation of juridical minorities and for the repurchase of manorial rights. . . Whence an undeniable intrinsic significance. It had got also obvious kinships, ramifications in the quasi-totality of borderlands, where the permanence of rather similar servile forms was quite as much, and even more, pronounced
Martinez, Fagundez Cesar. "Le contentieux des Officialités en France au XVIIIe siècle." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2003.
Full textIn my thesis i’ve been studying about Ecclesiastical courts in Spain and in France during the XVIIIth century : their organization, their procedures and mainly their their jurisdiction which is dealt with in both spheres ratione materiae and ratione personae. Studying the latter includes the privilegium fory of the clergy in the XVIIIth century. An important aspect of my task consist mainly of the study of benefices. This is why you can find in the yearly income of the bishop and the canons of Quimper and also the 282 vicars of the diocese of Cornouaille. In order to be able to know the purchasing power of this income, i calculated the cost of life in Quimper and in Cornouaille in the XVIIIth century. A long chapter is devoted to the conflicts of jurisdiction between the bishops of Quimper and the seculars judges of the same town, and the difference of opinion between the bishops of Saint-Pol-de-Leon and their canons. In the conclusion, I bring evidence on the reasons why Ecclesiastical Courts fell into decline in France in the XVIIIth century and why they are still extant flourishing in Spain
Beaurain, David. "L'art du portrait en France au dix-huitième siècle : l'image de la société et l'histoire d'un genre à travers la pratique, la critique et la diffusion." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010566.
Full textSkornicki, Arnault. "Les rationalisations politiques d’une "science nouvelle" : essai sur l’économie politique en France (1750-1776)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100203.
Full textThe present work focuses on the formation of political economy in France, in a key moment of its historical development, from Gournay to Turgot and passing by the Physiocrats. Far from emerging as a specialised and autonomous subject field/area, this “new science” became one of the leading modalities of the political discourse during the 18th century Enlightenment, to the extent of claiming, along with the Physiocrats, the monopoly over political knowledge. Drawing on an extended corpus of printed texts and archive sources, this essay in the social history of ideas enquires into the political dimension of economics, slightly overlooked nowadays. Its argument emphasizes the idea that the French Enlightenment’s political economy is not a mere philosophy of liberty, founded by scholars seduced by the concepts of reason and humanity; nor is it an ideology that universalizes the interests of the ascending bourgeoisie, but rather it represents a state knowledge that constituted itself against the royal court society and the privilege system. The main actors/agents in this knowledge system are men of letters and administrators engaged in a complex relationship to politics. Their « liberalism » is not to be understood as hostility towards the State, but rather as a political technology that conceives liberty as a modality of social regulation and science as a means of reestablishing the monarchy’s legitimacy. The institution of the competitive market, freed of privileges, was considered a means to reshape the elites, and thus, to rationalize the political order. Following Turgot’s ascension to power, political economy, the queen of the sciences, became thus the science of the kings
Michel-Evrard, Isabelle. "L' image dans le livre d'éducation en France (1762-1789) : instruire et plaire." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010635.
Full textMarion, Michel. "Collections et collectionneurs de livres au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040157.
Full textIn the Bibliotheque Nationale, in Paris, auction books catalogues are kept and also preserved: they are the basement of the present thesis. Book collectors, in their social condition, marriages, parents and locations, especially in the head town, are presented. Estates and royalties are evaluated too. Collections themselves are also presented, so in their global part than in their secular variations. Foreign editorial production, knowledge of European and nexs, which collectors used to study production are the aim of an analysis, so too the public auctions: books are very expensive. So we may say that collecting books is an advantage that only few could have
Perry, Laurence. "Le moulin et le meunier dans la société rurale auvergnate du XVIIIe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF20002.
Full textJuridical, technical, economical study of millers trade - corn mills, hemp mills and oll mills- and of millers in the rural society in Auvergne during eighteenth century. The province of Auvergne counts a large majority of water mills, implicating many juridicals (water right) and geographical constraints. Technically, little mills with horizontal wheels are preponderants in montainous zones, they make millers trade in Auvergne a few remunerative activity and millers a social group without cohesion which place in society is mediocre
Agay, Frédéric d'. "Les officiers de marine provençaux au XVIIIème siècle : vers la formation d'un corps homogène de la noblesse provençale à la fin de l'Ancien Régime." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040265.
Full textDuring the eighteenth century, Provencal families have provided one thousand and two hundred naval officers including one hundred admirals. Provence is the most represented province in the royal navy. It seemed instructive to draw up a file of those naval officers. This enables us to find biographical elements, other offices, medals and pensions in addition to their naval and military career and to set them back to the Provencal nobility to which nearly all of them belong. This nobility is very peculiar with straight links with the Maltese order and the galleys of Marseille that Louis XIV picked to establish the naval officer corps. The familial pattern looks like a pyramid: at the end of the seventeenth century, the youngest son as a naval officer, then at the next generation, two or three nephews, finally at the end of the century, heads of families so as brothers and cousins. In order to gain ratings, pensions and honours of service, Provencal nobility intended to take up a career in its own corps. To officers with trading, shipping and administration background taking up a career in the royal navy means a step towards nobility
Wachenheim, Pierre. "Art et politique, langage pictural et sédition dans l'estampe sous le règne de Louis XV." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010623.
Full textDesombre, Villebrun Catherine. "Épistémologie et ontologie : une enquête sur la réception de l'empirisme en France au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040092.
Full textBeaurepaire, Pierre-Yves. "L'autre et le frère." Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ARTO0006.
Full textTwo or three thousands foreigners visited masonic lodges in eighteenth century France. Foreign origins of freemasonry, its ideal of cosmopolitism and of universalism are well kown. However it is impossible, in a voluminous specialised bibliography dedicated to masonic sociability, to find a single article connected with foreign freemasons and their cultural mediations in France. Thanks to foreign masons, the founders ideal of 1717 was beginning to take shape. In spite of social, religious, cultural or linguistic differences, the other was recognized as a fellow. The masonic archivs in France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Germany and Russia bring an original contribution to the social and cultural study of the foreigners in early modern France. It is possible to follow british tourists, using the lodges' network as a logistic support abroad, scandinavian and german diplomats, helvetic merchants, irish students. . . During their peregrination in France. It is possible to piece together their different networks, and to precise their strategy of integration to the french society. At the end of the eighteenth century, it is clear that the genesis of nationalism and conservatism fought back masonic cosmopolitism as well as the cosmopolitan ideal of the Enlightenment