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Journal articles on the topic 'Actinobacteria ; Quinolone antibacterial agents – Synthesis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Jinbo, Yoshikazu, Hirosato Kondo, Masahiro Taguchi, Yoshimasa Inoue, Fumio Sakamoto, and Goro Tsukamoto. "Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Thiazolopyrazine-Incorporated Tetracyclic Quinolone Antibacterial Agents. 2." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 37, no. 17 (1994): 2791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00043a018.

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2

Cooper, Curt S., Michael D. Tufano, Pamela K. Donner, and Daniel T. W. Chu. "The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of conformationally restricted quinolone antibacterial agents." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 8 (1996): 1307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0896(96)00106-x.

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3

Chu, Daniel T. W., Prabhavathi B. Fernandes, and Andre G. Pernet. "Synthesis and biological activity of benzothiazolo[3,2-a]quinolone antibacterial agents." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 29, no. 8 (1986): 1531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00158a037.

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4

Patel, Mehul M., and Laxman J. Patel. "Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Novel Flouroquinolone Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial Agent." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/897187.

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Objective. Quinolone moiety is an important class of nitrogen containing heterocycles widely used as key building blocks for medicinal agents. It exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacophores and has bactericidal, antiviral, antimalarial, and anticancer activities. In view of the reported antimicrobial activity of various fluoroquinolones, the importance of the C-7 substituents is that they exhibit potent antimicrobial activities. Our objective was to synthesize newer quinolone analogues with increasing bulk at C-7 position of the main 6-fluoroquinolone scaffold to produce the target compounds wh

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5

Fedorowicz, Joanna, Jarosław Sączewski, Agnieszka Konopacka, et al. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of hybrid quinolone-based quaternary ammonium antibacterial agents." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 179 (October 2019): 576–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.071.

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6

Fu, Hai-Gen, Zhi-Wen Li, Xin-Xin Hu, et al. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Quinoline Derivatives as a Novel Class of Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents." Molecules 24, no. 3 (2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030548.

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Nineteen new quinoline derivatives were prepared via the Mannich reaction and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G−) bacteria, taking compound 1 as the lead. Among the target compounds, quinolone coupled hybrid 5d exerted the potential effect against most of the tested G+ and G− strains with MIC values of 0.125–8 μg/mL, much better than those of 1. Molecular-docking assay showed that compound 5d might target both bacterial LptA and Top IV proteins, thereby displaying a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. This hybridization strategy

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7

Daneshtalab, Mohsen, and Abeer Ahmed. "Nonclassical Biological Activities of Quinolone Derivatives." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3302n.

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Quinolones are considered as a big family of multi-faceted drugs; their chemical synthesis is flexible and can be easily adapted to prepare new congeners with rationally devised structures. This is shown by the description of many thousands of derivatives in the literature. Scientists could accurately describe their QSAR, which is essential for effective drug design. This also gave them the chance to discover new and unprecedented activities, which makes quinolones an endless source of hope and enables further development of new clinically useful drugs. Quinolones are among the most comm

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8

Khamkhenshorngphanuch, Thitiphong, Kittipat Kulkraisri, Alongkorn Janjamratsaeng, et al. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 4-Hydroxy-2-quinolone Analogs." Molecules 25, no. 13 (2020): 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133059.

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Alkyl quinolone has been proven to be a privileged scaffold in the antimicrobial drug discovery pipeline. In this study, a series of new 4-hydroxy-2-quinolinone analogs containing a long alkyl side chain at C-3 and a broad range of substituents on the C-6 and C-7 positions were synthesized. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these analogs against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus flavus were investigated. The structure-activity relationship study revealed that the length of the alkyl chain, as well as the type of substituent, has a dramatic impact on the anti

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9

Michael, Joseph P., Charles B. de Koning, Gladys D. Hosken, and Trevor V. Stanbury. "Reformatsky reactions with N-arylpyrrolidine-2-thiones: synthesis of tricyclic analogues of quinolone antibacterial agents." Tetrahedron 57, no. 47 (2001): 9635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00964-4.

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10

Kamal, Ahmed, S. Ahmed, M. A. Khan, Rajesh Shetty, B. Siddhardha, and U. Murty. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Benzothiazole-Quinolone Hybrids as Antibacterial Agents." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 5, no. 5 (2008): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157018008784912072.

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11

Culbertson, Townley P. "Synthesis of 4H-1,4-benzothiazine 1-oxide and 1,1-dioxide. Analogs of quinolone antibacterial agents." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 28, no. 7 (1991): 1701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570280709.

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12

Culbertson, Townley P., Joseph P. Sanchez, Laura Gambino, and Josephine A. Sesnie. "Quinolone antibacterial agents substituted at the 7-position with spiroamines. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 33, no. 8 (1990): 2270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00170a035.

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13

Michael, Joseph P., Charles B. de Koning, and Trevor V. Stanbury. "A versatile synthesis of tricyclic analogues of quinolone antibacterial agents: Use of a novel reformatsky reaction." Tetrahedron Letters 37, no. 52 (1996): 9403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)82976-0.

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14

Robertson, Gregory T., Eric J. Bonventre, Timothy B. Doyle, et al. "In Vitro Evaluation of CBR-2092, a Novel Rifamycin-Quinolone Hybrid Antibiotic: Studies of the Mode of Action in Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 7 (2008): 2313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01649-07.

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ABSTRACT Rifamycins have proven efficacy in the treatment of persistent bacterial infections. However, the frequency with which bacteria develop resistance to rifamycin agents restricts their clinical use to antibiotic combination regimens. In a program directed toward the synthesis of rifamycins with a lower propensity to elicit resistance development, a series of compounds were prepared that covalently combine rifamycin and quinolone pharmacophores to form stable hybrid antibacterial agents. We describe mode-of-action studies with Staphylococcus aureus of CBR-2092, a novel hybrid that combin

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15

Espinosa-Valdés, Mariana, Sara Borbolla-Alvarez, Ana Delgado-Espinosa, et al. "Synthesis, In Silico, and In Vitro Evaluation of Long Chain Alkyl Amides from 2-Amino-4-Quinolone Derivatives as Biofilm Inhibitors." Molecules 24, no. 2 (2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020327.

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Infection from multidrug resistant bacteria has become a growing health concern worldwide, increasing the need for developing new antibacterial agents. Among the strategies that have been studied, biofilm inhibitors have acquired relevance as a potential source of drugs that could act as a complement for current and new antibacterial therapies. Based on the structure of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone and N-acylhomoserine lactone, molecules that act as mediators of quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we designed, prepared, and evaluated the biofilm inhibition properti

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16

CULBERTSON, T. P. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4H-1,4-Benzothiazine 1-Oxide and 1,1-Dioxide. Analogs of Quinolone Antibacterial Agents." ChemInform 23, no. 11 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199211197.

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17

CULBERTSON, T. P., J. P. SANCHEZ, L. GAMBINO, and J. A. SESNIE. "ChemInform Abstract: Quinolone Antibacterial Agents Substituted at the 7-Position with Spiroamines. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships." ChemInform 22, no. 5 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199105217.

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18

Michael, Joseph P., Charles B. de Koning, Gladys D. Hosken, and Trevor V. Stanbury. "ChemInform Abstract: Reformatsky Reactions with N-Arylpyrrolidine-2-thiones: Synthesis of Tricyclic Analogues of Quinolone Antibacterial Agents." ChemInform 33, no. 12 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200212180.

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19

MICHAEL, J. P., C. B. DE KONING, and T. V. STANBURY. "ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of Tricyclic Analogues of Quinolone Antibacterial Agents: Use of a Novel Reformatsky Reaction." ChemInform 28, no. 16 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199716180.

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20

Laborde, Edgardo, John S. Kiely, Lawrence E. Lesheski, and Mel C. Schroeder. "Novel 7-substituted quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis of 7-alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl-1,8-naphthyridines." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 28, no. 1 (1991): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570280133.

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21

Bouyssou, Pascal, Corinne Le Goff, and Jacques Chenault. "Synthesis of 7- and 5,7-substituted-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines: Convenient precursors of quinolone antibacterial agents." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 29, no. 4 (1992): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570290436.

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22

Xu, Kehan, Shaosheng He, Shichao Chen, et al. "Free radical rearrangement synthesis and microbiological evaluation of novel 2-sulfoether-4-quinolone scaffolds as potential antibacterial agents." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 154 (June 2018): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.021.

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23

Marc, Araniciu, Oniga, et al. "Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Piperazin-4-yl-(acetyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) Norfloxacin Analogues as Antimicrobial Agents." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 3959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213959.

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In an effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin, a series of hybrid norfloxacin–thiazolidinedione molecules were synthesized and screened for their direct antimicrobial activity and their anti-biofilm properties. The new hybrids were intended to have a new binding mode to DNA gyrase, that will allow for a more potent antibacterial effect, and for activity against current quinolone-resistant bacterial strains. Moreover, the thiazolidinedione moiety aimed to include additional anti-pathogenicity by preventing biofilm formation. The resulting compounds showed promising direct ac

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24

BOUYSSOU, P., C. LE GOFF, and J. CHENAULT. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7- and 5,7-Substituted-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolines: Convenient Precursors of Quinolone Antibacterial Agents." ChemInform 23, no. 50 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199250194.

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25

LABORDE, E., J. S. KIELY, L. E. LESHESKI, and M. C. SCHROEDER. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel 7-Substituted Quinolone Antibacterial Agents. Synthesis of 7- Alkenyl, Cycloalkenyl, and 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl-1,8- naphthyridines." ChemInform 22, no. 29 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199129189.

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26

Hagen, Susan E., John M. Domagala, Carl L. Heifetz, Joseph P. Sanchez, and Marjorie Solomon. "New quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and biological activity of 7-(3,3- or 3,4-disubstituted-1-pyrrolidinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acids." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 33, no. 2 (1990): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00164a060.

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27

Sanchez, Joseph P., John M. Domagala, Susan E. Hagen, et al. "Quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 8-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acids and 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 31, no. 5 (1988): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00400a016.

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28

Drlica, K., and X. Zhao. "DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 61, no. 3 (1997): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.61.3.377-392.1997.

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For many years, DNA gyrase was thought to be responsible both for unlinking replicated daughter chromosomes and for controlling negative superhelical tension in bacterial DNA. However, in 1990 a homolog of gyrase, topoisomerase IV, that had a potent decatenating activity was discovered. It is now clear that topoisomerase IV, rather than gyrase, is responsible for decatenation of interlinked chromosomes. Moreover, topoisomerase IV is a target of the 4-quinolones, antibacterial agents that had previously been thought to target only gyrase. The key event in quinolone action is reversible trapping

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29

Miyamoto, Teruyuki, Junichi Matsumoto, Katsumi Chiba, et al. "Pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. Part 14. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-substituted 6,8-difluoroquinolones, including sparfloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent with improved potency." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 33, no. 6 (1990): 1645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00168a018.

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30

Xue, Wenjie, Xueyao Li, Guixing Ma, et al. "N-thiadiazole-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamides bearing heteroaromatic rings as novel antibacterial agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and target identification." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 188 (February 2020): 112022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112022.

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31

Mohamed, Heba A. E., and Hossa F. Al-Shareef. "Design, Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative Evaluation and Cell Cycle Analysis of Hybrid 2-Quinolones." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 9 (2019): 1132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666190319142934.

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Background: Quinolones are a significant group of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that exist in therapeutic agents, alkaloids, and synthetic small molecules that have important biological activities. A wide range of quinolones have been used as antituberculosis, antibacterial, anti-malarial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anticancer agents and urease inhibitors. Methods: Ethyl 3,3-disubstituted-2-cyano propionates containing hybride quinolones derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 1-amino-7-hydroxy-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one and its dibromo derivative with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl in e

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32

Husain, Asif, Munendra M. Varshney, Versha Parcha, Aftab Ahmad, and Shah A. Khan. "Nalidixic Acid Schiff Bases: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 15, no. 1 (2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180814666170710160751.

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Background: The prevalence of morbidity and mortality due to infections from parasitic worms and protozoa is on rise especially in third world countries. The situation is further worsened by drug resistant microbial pathogens. Objectives: The antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities associated with substituted furfuraldehyde and 1,8-naphthyridine nucleus of nalidixic acid prompted us to synthesize some new quinolone Schiff bases with an aim to obtain potent antibacterial and anthelmintic agents with improved safety and efficacy. Methods: A new series of 1,8 naphthyridine based Schiff bases we

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33

Hernández-López, Hiram, Griselda Sánchez-Miranda, Jorge Gustavo Araujo-Huitrado, et al. "Synthesis of Hybrid Fluoroquinolone-Boron Complexes and Their Evaluation in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (January 20, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5608652.

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Quinolones are a family of antimicrobial agents that have been used in antibacterial and anticancer chemotherapy. Fluoroquinolone targets DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes affecting several cellular processes, like cell death and proliferation; the best way to act is in the form of carboxylic acid or, recently, as quinolone-metal complex. In this work, the use of boron is shown as an alternative of metal to form a complex by incorporating to fluoroquinolone as an electron withdrawing substituent to activate the C-7 position chemoselectively for the production of new fluoroquinolone hybri

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34

Culbertson, Townley P., John M. Domagala, Phred Peterson, Shannon Bongers, and Jeffrey B. Nichols. "New 7-substituted quinolone antibacterial agents. The synthesis of 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(2-thiazolyl and 4-thiazolyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 24, no. 6 (1987): 1509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570240604.

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35

Sanchez, Joseph P., John M. Domagala, Carl L. Heifetz, Stephen R. Priebe, Josephine A. Sesnie, and Ashok K. Trehan. "Quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of amino acid prodrugs of racemic and chiral 7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)quinolones. Highly soluble quinolone prodrugs with in vivo pseudomonas activity." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 35, no. 10 (1992): 1764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00088a011.

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36

TODO, Yozo, Hiroyasu TAKAG, Fumihiko IINO, et al. "Pyridonecarboxylic Acids as Antibacterial Agents. VI. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of 7-(Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, and Vinyl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic Acids." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 42, no. 10 (1994): 2049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.2049.

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37

Kimura, Youichi, Shohgo Atarashi, Katsuhiro Kawakami, Kenichi Sato, and Isao Hayakawa. "(Fluorocyclopropyl)quinolones. 2. Synthesis and Stereochemical Structure-Activity Relationships of Chiral 7-(7-Amino-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl)-1-(2-fluorocyclopropyl)quinolone Antibacterial Agents." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 37, no. 20 (1994): 3344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00046a019.

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38

Stojanov, I., M. Kapetanov, J. Prodanov-Radulovic, I. Pusic, J. Petrovic, and M. Balos-Zivkov. "The resistency of Salmonella serovar. enteritidis/infantins isolated in poultry against nalidixic acid." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103751s.

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Modern livestock production method involves the use of antimicrobial agents as an effective way to fight against various infections. The effectiveness of drugs depends on their proper and controlled use. A particular problem is bacteria, such as Salmonella, which are important for human and veterinary medicine. The mechanism of resistance developed in bacteria depends on the activity of antibacterial preparations. Target molecules for the group chinolone antibiotics are enzymes involved in DNA replication of cells. Quinolone bactericidal activity disrupts the function of bacterial gyrase there

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39

SANCHEZ, J. P., J. M. DOMAGALA, C. L. HEIFETZ, S. R. PRIEBE, J. A. SESNIE, and A. K. TREHAN. "ChemInform Abstract: Quinolone Antibacterial Agents. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of a Series of Amino Acid Prodrugs of Racemic and Chiral 7-(3-Amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)quinolones. Highly Soluble Quinolone Prodrugs with in vivo Pseudomonas A." ChemInform 24, no. 1 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199301199.

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40

Egawa, Hiroshi, Masahiro Kataoka, Koh-Ichiro Shibamori, Teruyuki Miyamoto, Junji Nakano, and Jun-Ichi Matsumoto. "A new synthetic route to 7-halo-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, an intermediate for the synthesis of quinolone antibacterial agents." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 24, no. 1 (1987): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570240134.

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41

TODO, Y., H. TAKAGI, F. IINO, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Pyridonecarboxylic Acids as Antibacterial Agents. Part 6. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of 7-(Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, and Vinyl) -1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic Acids." ChemInform 26, no. 23 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199523140.

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42

Hanh Nguyen, Vu Thi, Chu Ky Son, and Phi Quyet Tien. "Classification and characterization of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from cinnamomum cassia presl." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 1 (2018): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/1/13459.

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Currently, antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a significant clinical problem with the increase of deseases and a serious public health concern. Thus, the identification of new antimicrobial agents, especially the secondary metabolites products by endophytic actinobacteria from medical plants could be promising sources of biologically active compounds in medical fields. This study focused on identification and evaluation of antimicrobial activity against pathogens; genes involved in their secondary metabolisms, and screening of anthracycline producing capacity (mainly presented in

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43

TODO, Yozo, Jun NITTA, Mikako MIYAJIMA, et al. "Pyridonecarboxylic Acids as Antibacterial Agents. VII. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Amino- and Hydroxyl-Substituted 7-Cycloalkyl and 7-Vinyl Derivatives of l-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4- quinolone-3-carboxylic Acid." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 42, no. 10 (1994): 2055–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.2055.

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44

TODO, Y., J. NITTA, M. MIYAJIMA, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Pyridonecarboxylic Acids as Antibacterial Agents. Part 7. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Amino- and Hydroxyl-Substituted 7-Cycloalkyl and 7-Vinyl Derivatives of 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4- quinolone-3-carboxylic Acid." ChemInform 26, no. 23 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199523141.

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45

Remuzon, Philippe, Daniel Bouzard, Chantal Guiol, and Jean Pierre Jacquet. "Fluoronaphthyridines as antibacterial agents. 6. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new chiral 7-(1-, 3-, 4-, and 6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)naphthyridine analogs of 7-[(1R,4R)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid. Influence of the configuration on blood pressure in dogs. A quinolone-class effect." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 35, no. 15 (1992): 2898–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00093a024.

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46

Magri, Vittorio, Matteo Boltri, Tommaso Cai, et al. "Multidisciplinary approach to prostatitis." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 90, no. 4 (2019): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2018.4.227.

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The modern clinical research on prostatitis started with the work of Stamey and coworkers who developed the basic principles we are still using. They established the segmented culture technique for localizing the infections in the males to the urethra, the bladder, or the prostate and to differentiate the main categories of prostatitis. Such categories with slight modifications are still used according to the NIH classification: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) and asymptomatic prostatitis. Prostatic inflammation is considered an i

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47

Moussaoui, Oussama, Said Chakroune, Youssef Kandri Rodi, and El Mestafa El Hadrami. "2-quinolone-based derivatives as antibacterial agents: A review." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 18 (June 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x18666210602162255.

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: The chemistry of 2-quinolones derivatives has received more attention in the field of both organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. As several advances in the application of this important family of compounds seem too significant utility. In recent years, a variety of new, effective, and novel synthetic approaches (including green chemistry, catalyzed and microwave-assisted synthesis) have been discovered and developed for the designer of various 2-quinolone-based scaffolds, representing an area of increased interest to universities and industry, as well as, to explore their antibacterial

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CHU, D. T. W., P. B. FERNANDES, and A. G. PERNET. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Benzothiazolo(3,2-a)quinolone Antibacterial Agents." ChemInform 18, no. 3 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198703207.

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K, Sudeesh, and Gururaja R. "Facile Synthesis of Some Novel Derivatives of 1,3,4,-Oxadiazole Derivatives Associated with Quinolone Moiety as Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Agents." Organic Chemistry: Current Research 06, no. 02 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0401.1000183.

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NARITA, H., Y. KONISHI, J. NITTA, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Pyridonecarboxylic Acids as Antibacterial Agents. Part 4. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of 7-Amino-1-aryl-6-fluoro-4-quinolone- 3-carboxylic Acids. Pyridonecarboxylic Acids as Antibacterial Agents. Part 5. Synthesis an." ChemInform 18, no. 16 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198716226.

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