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Journal articles on the topic 'Action organisée'
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Pinson, Gilles. "Gouvernance et sociologie de l’action organisée. Action publique, coordination et théorie de l’État." L'Année sociologique 66, no. 2 (2015): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/anso.152.0483.
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Poulin, Gonzalve. "L'infiltration communiste dans les Industries Anglaises." Relations industrielles 10, no. 1 (2014): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022788ar.
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Sommaire Les tactiques utilisées avec un certain succès, par les communistes pour s'infiltrer dans les industries anglaises et canadiennes incitent à réfléchir sérieusement. Avant de mettre en oeuvre une action organisée, on est forcé de repenser les buts et objectifs du syndicalisme et les idéaux de l'action civique; ce sont là des aspects dont l'auteur veut montrer brièvement la nécessité dans cet article.
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TOURAINE, Alain. "Réactions antinucléaires ou mouvement antinucléaire." Sociologie et sociétés 13, no. 1 (2002): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001799ar.
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Résumé Un mouvement social est une action collective organisée contre un adversaire social pour la gestion des moyens par lesquels une société agit sur elle-même et sur ses rapports avec son environnement. Comment le problème peut-il devenir un problème social? S'agit-il d'un mouvement social ou au contraire de formes de décomposition d'un mouvement social irréalisable pour des raisons sociales ou historiques? Pour répondre à ces questions, Alain Touraine, d'une part, analyse les obstacles à l'apparition d'un problème social et, d'autre part, évalue les étapes de formation d'un mouvement social. En outre, il dépasse l'étude des documents en ayant recours à l'intervention sociologique dont les principes et les procédures sont présentés dans la Voix et le Regard. L'intervention d'Alain Touraine aboutit aux conclusions suivantes : l'action nucléaire porte un mouvement social mais elle n'est pas capable de le transformer en action organisée; les réactions nucléaires comme l'ensemble des attitudes des écologistes ne sont pas unifiées, elles ne peuvent mettre en cause le pouvoir technocratique mais elle marquent un changement considérable du champ politique. Le problème nucléaire est plus qu'un problème proprement politique et permet déjà de définir et de voir se combattre les forces les plus caractéristiques des sociétés industrielles avancées qu'on peut nommer postindustrielles.
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Assaad, Aziz, Marc Benoit, Eliane Cablé, Michelle Cussenot, and Marie-Noëlle Pons. "Expérience de recherche participative dans le bassin du Madon (Lorraine, France)." Revue des sciences de l’eau 28, no. 3 (2015): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034008ar.
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Résumé La recherche participative (ou recherche citoyenne) permet d’établir un partenariat entre le milieu académique (laboratoire universitaire et ses chercheurs) et le milieu associatif ou scolaire pour réaliser des études à visée scientifique. Elles permettent à la fois de mieux faire apprécier la démarche scientifique au grand public (qu’il s’agisse d’enfants ou d’adultes) et d’obtenir des données, sur le long terme ou sur un grand secteur géographique, utiles au chercheur. C’est dans ce cadre que deux actions se sont déroulées entre 2012 et 2014 sur le bassin du Madon, l’un des affluents de la Moselle, dans le sud de la Lorraine. Une première action a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une manifestation socioculturelle (les Chemins de l’Eau) organisée par la Fédération Départementale des Foyers Ruraux en juin 2013 : afin de sensibiliser les visiteurs aux ressources en eau dans leur environnement immédiat, une hydrothèque a été créée. La seconde action s’est adressée à des classes de primaire (CE2-CM1-CM2 et CM2) de trois localités rurales le long du Madon (Lerrain, Mattaincourt et Haroué). Tous les échantillons ont ensuite fait l’objet d’analyses au laboratoire : pH, conductivité, carbone organique dissous, azote total dissous, azote ammoniacal, ions majeurs, propriétés optiques (spectroscopie UV-visible, fluorescence). Ces expériences ont permis d’avoir un suivi temporel de trois stations le long du Madon et de participer à une cartographie des ressources en eau des Vosges en fonction des caractéristiques du bassin versant et de l’usage des sols. Dans les deux cas, le public visé a montré un vif intérêt.
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Koussens, David. "La sécularisation de la laïcité organisée en Belgique. Discours et engagements du Centre d’action laïque (1999–2019)." Social Compass 67, no. 2 (2020): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768620917281.
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This article examines the movements made by the Centre d’action laïque (CAL, Centre for Secular Action), a French-speaking structure of organized secularism in Belgium, in its definition of secularism over the last twenty years. Starting from an observation of the mobilization of secularism in the written output from the CAL, the article examines the extent to which its secular ideal has become secularized both in its vocabulary and in its commitments, no longer being necessarily determined by its relationship to religion. It reveals how the written output of the CAL is gradually distancing itself from a secularism constructed in opposition to, but also and perhaps in mirror image with, clericalism, to engage instead with topics previously unknown to secularism (such as sport, drugs and prostitution) so as to better respond with a philosophical secularism that a single position vis-à-vis religion can no longer always justify.
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Briot, Marika, and Pierre Chifflet. "Action organisée et choix des contenus d'enseignement en éducation physique et sportive. Application aux objectifs de socialisation et de formation à la citoyenneté." Staps 55, no. 2 (2001): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sta.055.0101.
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Dubet, François, and Michel Wieviorka. "L’intervention sociologique." Lien social et Politiques, no. 75 (May 11, 2016): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036289ar.
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Consacrée jusqu’ici à l’étude du mouvement contestataire, l’intervention sociologique prônée par Alain Touraine peut se décrire comme un processus qui, à partir de la mise en interrelation des chercheurs et des acteurs concernés aboutit à l’instauration d’un va-et-vient entre l’analyse et l’action, entre les chercheurs et les acteurs. Les diverses composantes de ce type d’intervention sont présentées ici : nécessité d’une demande d’analyse par les acteurs, constitution de groupes d’analyse, mise en situation des acteurs en vue de créer les rapports sociaux, statuts et rôles des sociologues-chercheurs, phase de « sociologie permanente ». L’intervention sociologique est organisée en fonction d’un objectif de connaissance et elle vise à comprendre comment se construisent l’action collective et les mouvements sociaux. Pour les militants, il apparaît que la connaissance des processus de formation de leur propre action leur est utile, d’autant qu’ils pensent que la lutte qu’ils mènent est centrale dans le type de société qui se construit sous leurs yeux et dont ils veulent être acteurs.
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Dubet, François, and Michel Wieviorka. "L’intervention sociologique." La recherche-action : enjeux et pratiques, no. 5 (January 29, 2016): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034885ar.
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Consacrée jusqu’ici à l’étude du mouvement contestataire, l’intervention sociologique prônée par Alain Touraine peut se décrire comme un processus qui, à partir de la mise en interrelation des chercheurs et des acteurs concernés aboutit à l’instauration d’un va-et-vient entre l’analyse et l’action, entre les chercheurs et les acteurs. Les diverses composantes de ce type d’intervention sont présentées ici : nécessité d’une demande d’analyse par les acteurs, constitution de groupes d’analyse, mise en situation des acteurs en vue de créer les rapports sociaux, statuts et rôles des sociologues-chercheurs, phase de « sociologie permanente ». L’intervention sociologique est organisée en fonction d’un objectif de connaissance et elle vise à comprendre comment se construisent l’action collective et les mouvements sociaux. Pour les militants, il apparaît que la connaissance des processus de formation de leur propre action leur est utile, d’autant qu’ils pensent que la lutte qu’ils mènent est centrale dans le type de société qui se construit sous leurs yeux et dont ils veulent être acteurs.
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Stolyarov, Yu N. "Paul Otlet and Nikolas Rubakin: Creative commonwealth." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 10 (December 13, 2018): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2018-10-98-115.
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On the occasion of 150-th anniversary of Paul Otlet, a prominent documentologist and foreteller of the Internet (1868–1944, Belgium), the author tracks his contacts with another prominent figure, Nikolas Rubakin (1862–1946), Russian founder of bibliopsychology, library scientist, bibliographer, publisher, the author of a dozen of popular books. Paul Otlet took part in creating the Institute of Bibliopsychology headed by N. Rubakin, and Rubakin, in his turn, contributed to the preservation of multimillion collection of bibliographic cards and books that made the major document resource of the International Bibliographic Institute established and headed by P. Otlet. The author demonstrates their shared understanding of the key concepts related to the document and the book, bibliopsychology, propagandology, ideas of the fair world order. For the first time, Rubakin’s response to the last Otlet’s monograph («Monde: essai d’universalisme: connaissance du monde, sentiment du monde, action organisée et plan du monde») (1935) is discussed.The article is based mainly on archival materials; some fact data are published for the first time ever.
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Laliberté, Annie. "Le silence du figurant de sa propre histoire." Au plus près. Silences, fractures, liens 32 (February 19, 2009): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000206ar.
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Résumé Une abondante cinématographie est née des cendres du génocide rwandais de 1994. En juin 2007, le cinéaste français Alain Tasma et son équipe ont parcouru le Rwanda dans le but de tourner un film sur l’Opération Turquoise, une action militaire organisée par la France vers la fin du génocide rwandais. L’équipe s’est arrêtée dans la ville de Butare, province très touché par les massacres : elle y a recruté des figurants parmi les Rwandais présents au moment du drame de 1994 et a procédé à une reconstitution du drame tandis que les habitants vaquaient à leurs occupations quotidiennes. Le tout treize ans après le drame. Une réflexion peut s’engager sur la perception de ces tournages chez les Rwandais. Nous avons choisi de mettre l’accent sur les intellectuels de Butare : dans le cadre de discussions avec les élèves et les enseignants et la présence sur les lieux du tournage de l’Opération Turquoise, nous avons constaté que ce tournage suscitait des attentes au sujet du déséquilibre dans les représentations, en particulier pour des raisons politiques. Ce point de vue des élites est aussi révélateur d’un rapport trouble avec la transparence, l’expression et la relation avec la paysannerie.
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Dessureault, Christian. "L’émeute de Lachine en 1812 : la coordination d’une contestation populaire1." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 62, no. 2 (2009): 215–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037523ar.
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Résumé Cet article propose de revisiter un événement historique déjà étudié, l’émeute de Lachine de 1812, en mettant l’accent sur le rôle, sur le profil social et sur les réseaux de relations des principaux acteurs de cette contestation populaire contre la conscription de miliciens dans l’ouest de l’île de Montréal au début de la guerre de 1812. Les études consacrées à cette émeute ont, malgré leurs divergences sur le bien-fondé de l’action des émeutiers, présenté un monde rural coupé de la ville pourtant proche, de ses idées et de ses réseaux d’information. De plus, ces études ont négligé de manière générale la question du mode d’organisation politique et de la direction de ce type de révoltes populaires. L’opposition des paysans à la conscription était assimilée à une réaction spontanée d’habitants plus ou moins conscients de la portée réelle de leur action. Nous proposons de renverser cette perspective en mettant à l’avant-scène l’étude du groupe d’individus, dont certains sont des membres de l’élite locale, qui assurent la coordination de cette émeute. En somme, nous voulons montrer la dimension organisée et surtout hiérarchisée de cette contestation, de même que son insertion dans des horizons plus larges que celui de la communauté locale.
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Teixeira, Marco Antonio. "MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS POPULARES EM TEMPOS DE ASCENSÃO DAS NOVAS DIREITAS: a Marcha das Margaridas." Caderno CRH 34 (June 25, 2021): 021008. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v34i0.42777.
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<p>O artigo analisa a Marcha das Margaridas, uma mobilização feminista realizada no Brasil sob a liderança das mulheres do campo, da floresta e das águas, nos anos de 2015 e 2019, considerado o tempo de ascensão das novas direitas. A Marcha é organizada pelas mulheres do Movimento Sindical de Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais, em aliança com outros movimentos sociais, centrais sindicais e organizações internacionais. Adota-se uma abordagem teórica que considera a atuação dos movimentos sociais por meio dos conceitos de ações de reprodução social e formas de ação coletivas. Isso significa analisar a Marcha para além de suas expressões mais visíveis – uma grande marcha na cidade de Brasília e as negociações com agentes estatais (formas de ação coletiva). A mobilização envolve também um longo processo de organização, formação e<br />política de alianças com outros atores sociais (ações de reprodução social). Argumenta-se que analisá-las de maneira interdependente e vis-à-vis à estrutura de oportunidades políticas no tempo de ascensão das novas direitas aumenta a capacidade de compreensão de como movimentos sociais populares atuaram considerando o novo contexto.</p><p><strong>SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN TIMES OF THE RISE OF THE NEW RIGHT: the Marcha das Margaridas</strong><br /><br /></p><p>This article analyses the Marcha das Margaridas, a feminist mobilisation spearheaded by women from the Brazilian Union of Rural Workers in alliance with other social movements, trade unions, and international organisations in the years 2015 and 2019 – considered to be the time of the rise of the new right. From a theoretical approach that regard the performance of social movements based on the concepts of actions of social reproduction and forms of collective action, we analyse the Marcha beyond its most visible expression – that is, a large street protest in the city of Brasilia, and the negotiations with state agents (forms of collective action). Rather, we understand this movement as also involving a long process of organisation, mobilisation, political formation activities, and politics of alliances with other social actors (actions of social reproduction). By analysing them interdependently and vis-à-vis the political opportunity structures at the time of the rise of the new right, we will better understand how social movements acted considering the new context.</p><p>Keywords: Social Movements. New Rights. Collective Actions. Social Reproduction Actions. Marcha das Margaridas.</p><p><strong>LES MOUVEMENTS SOCIAUX POPULAIRES FACE A LA MONTEE DE LA NOUVELLE DROITE: la Marcha das Margaridas</strong><br /><br />L’article analyse la Marcha dasMargaridas, une mobilisation féministe qui a eu lieu au Brésil entre 2015 et 2019, période considéré comme celle de la montée de la nouvelle droite brésilienne. Dirigée par des femmes qui se réclament défenseuses de la campagne, des forêts et des eaux, la Marcha était organisée par des femmes du Mouvement Syndical des Travailleuses et Travailleurs Ruraux, en alliance avec d’autres mouvements sociaux, des centrales syndicales et des organisations internationales. L’approche théorique propose une analyse à partir du concept de “actions de reproduction sociale” et de “répertoires d’action collective”. Cela signifie qu’il faut analyser la Marcha au-delà de son expression la plus visible, à savoir, une grande marche à Brasília accompagnée des négociations avec les agents de l’État (répertoire d’action collective). La Marcha implique également un long processus d’organisation, de rassemblement, de formation et des politiques d’alliances avec d’autres acteurs sociaux (actions de reproduction sociale). Analyser ces éléments de manière interdépendante en fonction de la structure des opportunités politiques, et dans la période de montée de la nouvelle droite brésilienne, nous aide à mieux comprendre comment les mouvements sociaux populaires ont agi dans ce nouveau contexte. </p><p>Mots-clés: Mouvements Sociaux. Nouvelle Droite. Repertoires D’action Collectives. Actions De Reproduction Sociale. Marcha Dasmargaridas.</p>
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TATE, ROBERT L. "Micro-organisms in Action." Soil Science 148, no. 4 (1989): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198910000-00013.
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Maroun, Warren, Kieran Usher, and Hafsa Mansoor. "Biodiversity reporting and organised hypocrisy." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 15, no. 4 (2018): 437–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-07-2017-0066.
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PurposeThis study aims to examine biodiversity reporting by South African food producers and retailers. It not only draws attention to the disconnect between reporting on an important environmental issue and the sense of commitment to environmental responsibility, but also shows that over time, organisations are becoming more proactive about biodiversity reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses a content analysis of sustainability and integrated reports and organised hypocrisy as a theoretical framework for analysing biodiversity-related disclosures.FindingsConsistent with an organised hypocrisy framework, the research finds that the several companies rely on corporate reporting to emphasise actions and internal management strategies that are already producing favourable results. In contrast, mission statements, firm policy commitments and forward-looking analysis are avoided. There is, however, evidence to suggest that the gaps between corporate reporting and action may be giving companies the time to reform their practices, align biodiversity disclosures with genuine corporate action and move towards truly integrated business models.Research limitations/implicationsPoor biodiversity reporting raises questions about the extent to which companies are managing serious environmental issues that can have a direct impact on their business models. Improvements in biodiversity reporting also suggest that corporate reporting is maturing and that some organisations are beginning to understand the need for managing their biodiversity impact.Originality/valueThe paper offers empirical evidence on how the disconnect between organisational rhetoric and action is used to manage stakeholder expectations and negate the need for environmental reforms. In this manner, organised hypocrisy is framed as a specific legitimisation strategy. The research also shows that organised hypocrisy is not absolute; despite the opportunity to engage in organised hypocrisy, some companies are taking a more proactive approach to biodiversity reporting. As a result, it may be appropriate to see organised hypocrisy as part of a transition to higher quality integrated or sustainability reporting.
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Cointe, Béatrice, Christophe Cassen, and Alain Nadaï. "Organising Policy-Relevant Knowledge for Climate Action." Science & Technology Studies 32, no. 4 (2019): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.65031.
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Greenhouse gas emission scenarios are key in analyses of human interference with the climate system. They are mainly produced by one category of computer models: Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). We analyse how IAM research organised into a community around the production of socio-economic scenarios during the preparation of the IPCC AR5 (2005-2014). We seek to describe the co-emergence of a research community, its instruments, and its domain of applicability. We highlight the role of the IPCC process in the making of the IAM community, showing how IAMs worked their way to an influent position. We then survey three elements of the repertoire that served to organise collective work on scenarios in interaction with the IPCC and the European Union, and which now frames the community and its epistemic practices. This repertoire needs to articulate epistemic practices with the pursuit of policy relevance, which shows how epistemic communities and patterns of co-production materialise in practical arrangements.
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Venter, Elmarie. "How and why actions are selected: action selection and the dark room problem." Kairos. Journal of Philosophy & Science 15, no. 1 (2016): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kjps-2016-0002.
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Abstract In this paper, I examine an evolutionary approach to the action selection problem and illustrate how it helps raise an objection to the predictive processing account. Clark examines the predictive processing account as a theory of brain function that aims to unify perception, action, and cognition, but - despite this aim - fails to consider action selection overtly. He off ers an account of action control with the implication that minimizing prediction error is an imperative of living organisms because, according to the predictive processing account, action is employed to fulfill expectations and reduce prediction error. One way in which this can be achieved is by seeking out the least stimulating environment and staying there (Friston et al. 2012: 2). Bayesian, neuroscientific, and machine learning approaches into a single framework whose overarching principle is the minimization of surprise (or, equivalently, the maximization of expectation. But, most living organisms do not find, and stay in, surprise free environments. This paper explores this objection, also called the “dark room problem”, and examines Clark’s response to the problem. Finally, I recommend that if supplemented with an account of action selection, Clark’s account will avoid the dark room problem.
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Obokata, Tom, Aleksandar Boskovic, and Nenad Radovic. "Serbia’s Action against Transnational Organised Crime." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 24, no. 2-3 (2016): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-24032090.
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This article examines the extent to which Serbia has implemented relevant international standards on action against transnational organised crime contained in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime 2000. The first part explores key obligations with particular reference to prohibition of substantive offences, intelligence-led law enforcement (special investigative techniques), confiscation of criminal proceeds, as well as international law enforcement cooperation. The second part of the article analyses how these obligations are implemented by Serbia in reality by examining legislative frameworks as well as law enforcement practices. The main conclusion is that, while Serbia has taken some steps to implement international standards with a view to enhancing individual and collective actions against transnational organised crime, effective law enforcement is hampered by issues such as corruption and a lack of expertise, experience and resources.
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Baran, Michał Jacek, and Michał Cibiński. "Glyphosate-based phospho-organic herbicides – an outline of action, metabolism and the selected effects on humans and other organisms." Archives of Physiotherapy and Global Researches 18, no. 1 (2014): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15442/apgr.19.2.10.
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Broens, Mariana Claudia. "A experiência perceptual na perspectiva da teoria da percepção direta." Principia: an international journal of epistemology 21, no. 2 (2017): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2017v21n2p223.
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The objective of this paper is to analyse the concept of skilful action underlying the studies of perceptual experience, especially the visual one, from the perspective of the theory of direct perception. The problem we propose to investigate can be formulated as follows: what are the possible contributions of the concept of affordance to understand the nature of skilful actions generally attributed to processes resulting from internal representations or mental models? In particular, we will try to investigate to what extent the concept of social affordance (as a possibility of action that the bodies of the organisms offer directly to other organisms) can help to understand aspects of complex skilful actions that involve capacities considered as deriving from the possession of a Theory of Mind. We will try to show that the perspective of the ecological psychology of direct perception (Gibson 1986, Turvey 1992, Petrusz & Turvey 2010) allows to understand aspects of human skilled action, especially of a collaborative nature, from a conception of perceptual experience that involves information intrinsically significant.
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Ali, Alex, Eddy, et al. "Aviation strikes: Direct action at Heathrow, City and Stansted." Soundings 78, no. 78 (2021): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.78.15.2021.
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People involved in actions at Heathrow, City and Stansted airports reflect on the development of climate justice narratives and how this has evolved over the three 'aviation strikes' at these airports. At the time of the Heathrow action, the focus was on the impact of the aviation industry on the environment, to which Plane Stupid was seeking to draw attention. The City action became a Black Lives Matter action, with the aim of making connections between race and climate change. The Stansted action was organised by a coalition of groups, including Plane Stupid and Lesbians and Gays Support the Migrants (LGSM), and sought to prevent the take-off of a deportation plane. Activists describe their own political development as these narratives shifted over time. They also discuss Extinction Rebellion, which aims to make direct action a mass participation event, and more local actions, such as the anti-raids action in Glasgow in summer 2021.
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O'Donoghue, Carol. "Franchisees in crisis: using action learning to self-organise." Action Learning: Research and Practice 8, no. 3 (2011): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767333.2011.617139.
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Proka, Antonia, Derk Loorbach, and Matthijs Hisschemöller. "Leading from the Niche: Insights from a Strategic Dialogue of Renewable Energy Cooperatives in The Netherlands." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 4106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114106.
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Renewable energy cooperatives envision and manifest an alternative way of organising within the energy system (and beyond). Yet, despite their growth, it is uncertain whether such initiatives are able to increase and deepen their impact, leading the transition to an environmentally sustainable and socially just energy system. This paper presents insights from a strategic dialogue co-organised with the Dutch national interest group of renewable energy cooperatives “ODE Decentraal”. We used transition management as action research methodology to organise the dialogue to understand and support the transformative potential of the cooperative energy movement. The dialogue helped to clarify the challenges and possibilities for scaling energy cooperatives beyond the niche, supporting at the same time the participants to reflect, strategize and develop a shared transition agenda. This contribution presents and analyses our intervention and its impact, also specifically evaluating the potential of transition management to facilitate social learning processes, reflexivity and the development of strategic actions. Our intervention confirmed the hypothesis that actors in the niche often focus too much on the competition with the regime for individual goals, thereby failing to collectively strategize and engage with incumbent regimes in a systematic way.
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Stuart, Avelie, Emma F. Thomas, and Ngaire Donaghue. "“I don't really want to be associated with the self-righteous left extreme”: Disincentives to participation in collective action." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 6, no. 1 (2018): 242–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v6i1.567.
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This paper considers collective action non-participation by people sympathetic but not committed to participating in actions for social change (‘sympathisers’). We conducted a thematic analysis of open-ended written accounts of the barriers to participating in sustained collective action (N = 112), finding that people can be reluctant to engage in some types of collective action. Participants wrote about the potential for detrimental consequences resulting from association with ‘protesters’, concern that they may be undermined by ‘extreme’ fringes of a movement, ambivalence about the visible performance of group normative behaviours (specifically, protesting), and trepidation about ‘loss of self’ within a group. We discuss the findings in relation to theory on social (dis)identification, social (dis)incentives, and identity performances, arguing that inaction does not necessarily stem from apathy. Rather, people may engage in motivated inaction – that is, active avoidance of some types of actions, or from affiliations with particular groups, as a response to negative inferences about the legitimacy or efficacy of some forms of collective action. Practical strategies are suggested for groups and individuals, including the potential for people to take actions for social change independently of a formally organised movement.
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Weiss, Kenneth M. "Commentary: Evolution of action in cells and organisms." International Journal of Epidemiology 35, no. 5 (2006): 1159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl186.
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Bellot, Céline, and Jacinthe Rivard. "La reconnaissance." Le dossier : Recherches participatives 25, no. 2 (2013): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1020824ar.
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Cet article montre comment l’articulation entre la participation et la théorie de la reconnaissance peut soutenir une démarche de recherche. À partir d’une recherche-action participative réalisée avec des organismes qui abritent des programmes d’échange de seringues et des personnes qui les fréquentent, nous présentons les différentes actions menées ainsi que les enjeux rencontrés. Le processus, aussi important que les résultats, montre que la question de la participation doit s’arrimer à une théorie critique de la société, en vue de soutenir un nouveau regard sur ces organismes, de même que sur les personnes qui les fréquentent.
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Slee, Bill. "Delivering on the Concept of Smart Villages – in Search of an Enabling Theory." European Countryside 11, no. 4 (2019): 634–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0035.
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Abstract Smart villages have been increasingly heralded as a development strategy for the European countryside but with no clear understanding as to what comprises a smart village. Frequently, commentators associate smartness with quality of IT infrastructure and the ability to use it. An alternative perspective argues that the smartness can be better understood as a phenomenon associated with self-organised, bottom-up community action that either addresses the weaknesses of both state and market to contribute to local people’s wellbeing or exploits emergent opportunities through collective means. Using Scotland as an example, policy architectures can now be seen to be explicitly designed to support bottom-up community action. This paper explores this alternative notion of smartness based on communities’ capacities to self-organise and deliver a range of developments that support wellbeing and resilience and explores some of the challenges arising from this approach.
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Archer, Diane. "Building urban climate resilience through community-driven approaches to development." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, no. 5 (2016): 654–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2014-0035.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore how the implementation of community-driven approaches to improve the living conditions of the urban poor can also have positive co-benefits for resilience to climate change, by addressing the underlying drivers of physical, social and economic vulnerability. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a case study approach, drawing from the documented experiences of organised urban poor groups in Asian countries already actively participating in collective settlement upgrading, building networks and financial resources for further action. Findings The findings show that while certain actions might not be taken with climate change adaptation specifically in mind, these development activities also contribute to broader resilience to climate change, by reducing exposure to risk and addressing other drivers of vulnerability. The findings also show that partnerships between low income communities and other urban stakeholders, including local government, and innovative financial mechanisms managed by communities, can lead to scaled-up action to address development and adaptation deficits. This can lead the way for transformation in socio-political systems. Practical implications The approaches applied by organised urban poor groups in Asia show that community-level actions can make a positive contribution to building their resilience to climate change, and with local government support and partnership, it could lead to scaled-up actions, through a bottom-up approach to multi-level governance. Originality/value This paper considers how community-driven actions can build resilience to climate change, and it argues that adaptation and development should be considered together.
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Maroun, Warren. "Accounting for Strike Action: An Illustration of Organised Hypocrisy." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 38, no. 3 (2018): 167–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.2018.1527708.
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Assai, Natany Dayani de Souza, Sergio De Mello Arruda, and Fabiele Cristiane Dias Broietti. "The Supervised Teaching Practice and the Preservice Teachers’ Intended and Performed Actions in a Chemistry Class." Acta Scientiae 23, no. 1 (2021): 136–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/acta.scientiae.6066.
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Background: Giving up prescriptive views on the teacher’s action in the classroom is necessary for a better understanding of the teaching work. We are also faced with the absence of works that address teaching action under an investigative bias in initial teacher education. Objectives: identify and categorise the actions intended and performed by preservice teachers in a chemistry class, looking for implications for teacher education. Design: the study fits into a qualitative-interpretative research perspective. Setting and Participants: The data analysed comes from the monitoring of chemistry teaching degree students in the Supervised Teaching Practice discipline and their teaching in a 9th-grade class in a public school. Data collection and analysis: data collection took place through different instruments: lesson plans and audio and video recordings of the classes, that enabled interpretations based on the assumptions of the textual discursive analysis. Results: for the actions intended, a small set of five actions was identified (question, write, explain, organise, identify). The actions carried out, on the other hand, include a larger set of 13 actions and, mainly, microactions, made possible by the actions intended. There is a convergence between the actions initially planned and development in the departments, and the emergence of specific actions in the context of the Supervised Practice. Conclusions: Such results indicate the importance of categorising the actions of the undergraduate students in a chemistry class, resulting in a set of actions not yet identified in other studies, and discussing the importance of the Teaching Practice in the constitution of elements of the teaching work.
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Vincze, Janos. "The Sleep Modeling in the Human Organism." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 3, no. 4 (2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/039.
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There are three alternating states of vigilance throughout our lives: wakefulness, NREM, and REM sleep. We usually yawn before falling asleep. Yawning is an ancient reaction, an instinctive action, manifested in a person by drowsiness or boredom. Yawning is often associated with the need for stretching. Yawning is a less strong territorial reflex. During deep sleep muscular tone is sharply reduced. Relaxation of the muscles and the lowering of their tone, howeever, are not constant and necessary components of sleep. Analysis of EEG recordings soon revealed that sleep is by no means a uniform process, but can be divided into at least two sharply separated states: one is characterized by slow waves in the EEG that are completely separate from the activity of wakefulness: this so-called slow wave sleep; the other is the so-called paradoxical sleep. Hypnopedia, as a discipline, deals with the input of fixed information introduced during the period of natural sleep, also known as sleep learning. Our hypnopedia researches was a pleasant surprise, because they were able to reproduce texts they did not know with an efficiency of approx. 25%.
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Sanina, Nina. "Vaccine Adjuvants Derived from Marine Organisms." Biomolecules 9, no. 8 (2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080340.
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Vaccine adjuvants help to enhance the immunogenicity of weak antigens. The adjuvant effect of certain substances was noted long ago (the 40s of the last century), and since then a large number of adjuvants belonging to different groups of chemicals have been studied. This review presents research data on the nonspecific action of substances originated from marine organisms, their derivatives and complexes, united by the name ‘adjuvants’. There are covered the mechanisms of their action, safety, as well as the practical use of adjuvants derived from marine hydrobionts in medical immunology and veterinary medicine to create modern vaccines that should be non-toxic and efficient. The present review is intended to briefly describe some important achievements in the use of marine resources to solve this important problem.
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Heriyanto, Husein. "TEORI PERSEPSI MULLÂ SHADRÂ BESERTA IMPLIKASI EPISTEMOLOGI DAN METODOLOGISNYA UNTUK PSIKOLOGI." Jurnal Studia Insania 3, no. 2 (2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/jsi.v3i2.1117.
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Human action is seen as behavior of organisms that are subject to the law of effect (the law of effect) through the process of reinforcement and punishment, stimulus-response mechanism, learning by trial, and the laws of Biochemistry and physiological. Mullâ Shadrâ has brought us to a new consciousness that we are over this as if asleep because it doesn’t realize that all our actions including sensory perception is our soul’s activity directly. Epistemolois and methodological implications of the theory of perception Shadrâ this potentially to do a revolution in psychology, that relives live, i.e. as a single agent – holistic in all the actions of our perception and cognition
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Hari, Neethu, Tincy K. Thomas та A. Jayakumaran Nair. "Comparative Study on the Synergistic Action of Garlic Synthesized and Citrate Capped Silver Nanoparticles with β-Penem Antibiotics". ISRN Nanotechnology 2013 (15 вересня 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/792105.
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Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major challenge for the health care industry. For developing a cheap broad-active agent that can be applicable against different pathogens, it is necessary to develop an alternative source for normal antibacterial agents. This paper mainly focuses on the combined action of green as well as citrate synthesized silver nanoparticles and β-penem antibiotics, which are β-lactam antibiotics with penem rings. These silver nanoparticles synergistic potential helps in the enhancement of antibacterial activity of broad spectrum antibiotics. The synergistic actions of citrate capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were compared with that of garlic (Allium sativum) synthesized silver nanoparticles together with action of antibiotics, ampicillin and amoxyclav, and some of the pathogenic organisms showed an increase in the action of antibiotics.
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Jennings, Kay Donahue. "Development of goal-directed behaviour and related self-processes in toddlers." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 4 (2004): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000036.
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During toddlerhood the ability to organise actions for accomplishing goals rapidly increases. The developmental changes in actions and self-process that become part of this motivational system have seldom been studied simultaneously. Fifty-seven toddlers between the ages of 15 and 35 months were observed for two sessions while working on mastery tasks. These tasks varied in the degree to which the goal was implicit in the task materials and consequently in how much representation of the goal was necessary to carry out the task. Younger toddlers were just as engaged as older toddlers in tasks with implicit (i.e., proximal) goals but less engaged on tasks with less implicit (i.e., more distal) goals. Older toddlers were more successful in reaching goals (i.e., carrying tasks to completion), and they showed more investment in their own agency (e.g., more pride when goals were reached and more insistence on completing the last step of a task). These broad behavioural changes document the increasing propensity of toddlers to use goals to organise their behaviours and the increasing importance of self-processes in the organisation of action and motivation.
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Boychuk, V., A. Boychuk, M. Boychuk, and O. Burdyug. "THE ACTION SEQUENCE FORMING METHOD FOR INTELLECTUAL AGENTS." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 66 (2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2020/66-07.
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The article proposes an approach where the implementation of the formation of sequences of actions of intelligent agents is carried out by analogy with the activities of biological organisms using the mechanism of emotions to dynamically tune the body to perform actions. Thus, the functions of the limbic system are simulated in the organization of movements based on motivational behavior. When planning, first of all, the general condition of the agent is determined. Using the resulting state, a sequence of actions is formed. This approach will make it possible to dynamically reconfigure the sequence and respond to a dangerous situation or to a change in the internal state of the agent. An intelligent agent receives from the sensors and receptors signs of an initial condition, the goal is determined by it, and a sequence of actions is formed. Elements of a sequence of actions are elementary actions. An elementary action is characterized by a set of input parameters for functioning. Signs of the premise correspond to the first action in the sequence, the last action in the sequence is tied to the sign of the goal. The sequence of actions of the agent is represented by a digraph, where the vertices determine the elementary actions, and the edges determine the degree of bond strength between them. The initial conditions correspond to the first action in the sequence, the implementation of the sequence of actions begins with it. Signs of the goal correspond to the last peak in the sequence of actions Link weights change when general state variables are set, which allows you to perform a sequence of actions in real time with dynamic reconfiguration and select sequences of actions that are characteristic of a particular state. The method forms a sequence of actions that is initiated by emotional states and translates it into a sequence of automatic actions based on the achievement of the goal and which in the future will be performed in a normal state. To test the functioning of the method, a agent-work simulator is implemented in the V-REP program environment. The results obtained can be used for intelligent planning based on reinforcements and can be used in the management of agents, work in manufacturing enterprises, military agents, urban traffic flows, logistics systems, and social phenomena.
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Sims, Gerald K. "Micro‐organisms in Action: Concepts and Applications in Microbial Ecology." Journal of Environmental Quality 18, no. 2 (1989): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800020026x.
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Ellis-Evans, J. C., J. M. Lynch, and J. E. Hobbie. "Micro-Organisms in Action: Concepts and Applications in Microbial Ecology." Journal of Applied Ecology 26, no. 2 (1989): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404100.
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Rodriguez, M. S., V. Ramos, and E. Agullo. "Antimicrobial Action of Chitosan against Spoilage Organisms in Precooked Pizza." Journal of Food Science 68, no. 1 (2003): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14151.x.
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Giamperi, Laura, Daniele Fraternale, and Donata Ricci. "The In Vitro Action of Essential Oils on Different Organisms." Journal of Essential Oil Research 14, no. 4 (2002): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2002.9699865.
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Mingee, Catherine M., and Harvard L. Armus. "Unsuccessful Reinforcement of a Discrete Action in Paramecia, P. Caudatum." Psychological Reports 105, no. 2 (2009): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.2.533-538.
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Previous research into the possibility of learning in paramecium in this laboratory has shown that these organisms can learn to remain in a specific location based on cathode shock reinforcement. The present experiment was designed to assess whether paramecium could learn a discrete action as opposed to remaining in a specific area, using cathode shock as a reinforcer. Results for a sample of 40 indicate that such learning did not take place. It is possible that the learning of discrete actions requires a nervous system.
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Barreca, Davide. "Mechanisms of Plant Antioxidants Action." Plants 10, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010035.
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The plant kingdom is a rich source of health-promoting compounds and has always played a fundamental role in the isolation, identification, and modification of compounds able to perform several properties on live organisms. Among them, the so-called “antioxidants” have a major potentiality to increase human wellness. Antioxidants are important components in the signaling and defense mechanisms in some plants, where they are precursors of compounds of greater complexity, the modulator of plant growth, and the defensive system against pathogenic organisms and predators. The extraordinary variety of chemical structure and substitution present in the different plant antioxidants make them an inestimable source of interesting compounds, with the ability to counter reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and to stimulate the activation of signal cascade inside the cells. The mechanisms by which antioxidants detoxify these dangerous compounds are complex and involve either direct or indirect interaction with radicals. Antioxidants inhibit or quench free radical reactions mainly based on their reducing capacity or hydrogen atom-donating capacity, their solubility, and chelating properties. Moreover, their ability to modulate key metabolic enzymes and activate/block gene transcription also has remarkable importance.
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Staroń, Anita, Olga Długosz, Jolanta Pulit-Prociak, and Marcin Banach. "Analysis of the Exposure of Organisms to the Action of Nanomaterials." Materials 13, no. 2 (2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020349.
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The rapid development of the production of materials containing metal nanoparticles and metal oxides is a potential risk to the environment. The degree of exposure of organisms to nanoparticles increases from year to year, and its effects are not fully known. This is due to the fact that the range of nanoparticle interactions on cells, tissues and the environment requires careful analysis. It is necessary to develop methods for testing the properties of nanomaterials and the mechanisms of their impact on individual cells as well as on entire organisms. The particular need to raise public awareness of the main sources of exposure to nanoparticles should also be highlighted. This paper presents the main sources and possible routes of exposure to metal nanoparticles and metal oxides. Key elements of research on the impact of nanoparticles on organisms, that is, in vitro tests, in vivo tests and methods of detection of nanoparticles in organisms, are presented.
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Harris, Frederick, Sarah R. Dennison, and David A. Phoenix. "Anionic Antimicrobial Peptides from Eukaryotic Organisms and their Mechanisms of Action." Current Chemical Biology 5, no. 2 (2011): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796811105020142.
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Viswanathan, Jacqueline. "Action. Les passages narrativo-descriptifs du scénario." Cinémas 2, no. 1 (2011): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1001049ar.
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Il s’agit de mettre en question certaines des assertions les plus courantes des manuels d’écriture du scénario à propos des parties narrativo-descriptives. Que veut-on dire quand on conseille à l’aspirant scénariste de pratiquer une « écriture visuelle » ou une « écriture cinématographique »? L’analyse montre que, plutôt que des descriptions riches en détails visuels, les passages narratifs proposent une lecture des éléments signifiants essentiels du plan ou de la séquence, tels qu’interprétés et organisés par un spectateur hypothétique.
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Gepshtein, Sergei, Xiaoyan Li, Joseph Snider, Markus Plank, Dongpyo Lee, and Howard Poizner. "Dopamine Function and the Efficiency of Human Movement." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 3 (2014): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00503.
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To sustain successful behavior in dynamic environments, active organisms must be able to learn from the consequences of their actions and predict action outcomes. One of the most important discoveries in systems neuroscience over the last 15 years has been about the key role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in mediating such active behavior. Dopamine cell firing was found to encode differences between the expected and obtained outcomes of actions. Although activity of dopamine cells does not specify movements themselves, a recent study in humans has suggested that tonic levels of dopamine in the dorsal striatum may in part enable normal movement by encoding sensitivity to the energy cost of a movement, providing an implicit “motor motivational” signal for movement. We investigated the motivational hypothesis of dopamine by studying motor performance of patients with Parkinson disease who have marked dopamine depletion in the dorsal striatum and compared their performance with that of elderly healthy adults. All participants performed rapid sequential movements to visual targets associated with different risk and different energy costs, countered or assisted by gravity. In conditions of low energy cost, patients performed surprisingly well, similar to prescriptions of an ideal planner and healthy participants. As energy costs increased, however, performance of patients with Parkinson disease dropped markedly below the prescriptions for action by an ideal planner and below performance of healthy elderly participants. The results indicate that the ability for efficient planning depends on the energy cost of action and that the effect of energy cost on action is mediated by dopamine.
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Cobb, John. "The Limitations of Neo-Darwinism and Evidence for a Whiteheadian Theory of Evolution." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 11, no. 1 (2007): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853507x173487.
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AbstractThe dominant neo-Darwinian theory of evolution locates the causes of evolutionary change in the random mutation of genes and in the environment. The animal organisms are viewed as passive in this process. However, there is a great deal of evidence that animal activity plays a large role in evolution. Some of this, no doubt, is random or even mechanically determined. However, there are good reasons to think that some of it is purposive and intelligent. Animals repeat successful actions and learn them from other members of the species. These actions may prove beneficial for survival; so genes that facilitate them are naturally selected. Animal action also changes the environment. Including human beings in an evolutionary development that is partly determined by intelligent and purposive behavior does not have the reductionistic and nihilistic implications of currently standard teaching about evolution.
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Steward, Helen. "Action as Downward Causation." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 80 (May 16, 2017): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246117000145.
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AbstractIn this paper, I try to argue that the recognition that non-human animals are relevant to the free will problem delivers interesting new ways of thinking about the central metaphysical issues at the heart of that problem. Some such dividends, I suggest, are the following: (i) that the problem of free will can be considered to be just a more specific version of a general question concerning how agency is to be fitted into the natural world; (ii) that action can be usefully regarded as an especially interesting form of downward causation; and that (iii) the metaphysical possibility of downward causation, and hence, indirectly, also of free will, can be illuminated in valuable ways by thinking about the hierarchical structure of, and systems of functioning within, biological organisms.
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Schraudolf, H. "Action and phylogeny of antheridiogens." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 86 (1985): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000007983.
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SynopsisEvolution of new forms of organisms must be accompanied by evolution of the informational processes which regulate the development of these new forms. During plant phylogeny, products of metabolism have become phytohormones through the evolution of receptor molecules. Although nothing is known about these receptor molecules, it is suggested that the schizaeaceous ferns are the most primitive group in which a gibberellin-like substance acts as a signal for morphogenesis, and that their antheridiogen pheromones, which stimulate antheridium formation and spore germination, are the ancestors of the gibberellin hormones which influence seed plant development. Chemical and biological evidence for this suggestion is discussed.
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Saillant, Francine, Mary Richardson, and Marie Paumier. "L’humanitaire et les identités." Ethnologies 27, no. 2 (2007): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014045ar.
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Cet article présente une perspective théorique adoptée pour aborder l’humanitaire en anthropologie. La proposition s’appuie sur une vision du travail humanitaire centrée sur les acteurs et le sens de leurs actions, sur le caractère polysémique et multisite du phénomène, sur l’importance accordée aux points de vue de la base et des acteurs de terrain plutôt qu’aux planificateurs. Deux projets sont présentés avec leur méthodologie respective, montrant d’un côté la possibilité offerte par ce que nous pourrions appeler « l’humanitaire chez soi », soit l’action des organismes canadiens et québécois d’accueil des réfugiés, et l’humanitaire chez l’autre, soit l’action d’un organisme international et transfrontières (Handicap International) et ses liens avec une ONG brésilienne (Vida Brasil) dans le domaine du handicap. Des exemples sont ensuite apportés pour saisir le caractère heuristique de l’approche.
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Li, Z. H., and T. Randak. "Residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environment – status, toxicity and kinetics: a review." Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 7 (2009): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/97/2009-vetmed.
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Awareness of residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic ecosystems is growing as research into these pollutants increases and analytical detection techniques improve. For most pharmaceuticals analyzed, the effects on aquatic organisms have usually been investigated by toxic assays in the laboratory. However, little is known about integral analysis of pharmacokinetics in aquatic organisms and specific relations between pharmacokinetic parameters and influence factors. Moreover, the influence of the organisms involved and numerous other external factors complicates development of standard tests for environmental evaluation. Current knowledge about residual pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, including status, toxic effects, and pharmacokinetics in aquatic organisms, are reviewed. Based on the above, we identify major gaps in the current knowledge and some directions for future research, such as improvement of techniques to remove residual pharmaceuticals from wastewater, and the establishment of standard pharmaceutical modes of action.