Academic literature on the topic 'Active 10th century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Active 10th century"
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Skorokhod, V. M. "VYPOVZIV — THE MILITARY, TRADE AND CRAFT CENTER IN LOW DESNA REGION." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 35, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 91–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.05.
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The materials of the excavations of Vypovziv Archaeological Complex of the late 9th—10th centuries which existed as one of the military, trade and handicraft points of the Low Desna region are analyzed in the paper. Also the chronology and functions in the region are determinated here.
Vypovziv is located on a narrow long cape that «creeps out» for 700 m into the flood plains of the Desna river near the village of Vypovziv, Kozelets district, Chernihiv region. It is placed between Chernihiv and Vyshgorod — on the route of the so-called «Monomakh Road» which connected the capital of Rus — Kyiv with the center of the largest principality on Desna river — Chernihiv. The site consists of a settlement, suburb and hem. The remains of wood and earth fortifications, twice burned during the 10th century, were explored on the site. Foundation pit of pithouse and remains of donjon of the 10th century have been discovered on the site.
Open settlement was located to the west of the site. The building of the same period was situated there. The peculiarity of building of Vypovziv settlement is the high concentration of constructions. Dwellings were built one above the other, sometimes in the same foundation pits. The end of the mass building of the site was reasoned by local fire synchronous with the destruction of the fortifications of the settlement which dates back to the middle of the 10th century. It is well traced by remains of burned-out buildings and allows to highlight the simultaneous constructions.
Vypovziv archaeological complex was formed in accordance with all Rus tendencies of development of the cities and settlements in the early phase of state formation. They arose at the end of the 9th — beginning of the 10th centuries as a result of active military, political and trade activity of the Rus people. Frequent finds of dishes, decorations, objects of everyday life in the cultural layer of the site and in the objects of the 10th century indicate the probability of the movement of small populations from the right bank of the Dnieper to the Low Desna region. It is possible that part of the population (representatives of the Luka-Raykovetsky culture) was used to settle in such points, possibly as slaves for sale in the markets of the East at the end of 9th — the beginning of 10th century.
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Mukhin, S. V. "Dynamics of Germanic Subjective Predicative Attribute with Active Participle." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 1, 2020 (2020): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-1-278-287.
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The focus is on the linguistic aspects of Subjective Predicative At-tribute with Participle I evolving in Germanic languages from the 4th to the 10th century. In order to reveal the dynamics of the syntactic phenomenon in question, some methods of linguistic analysis are employed in determining the key points of evolution made by attributive-predicative constructions, which are functioning in the Gothic and Old English versions of the Gospel according to Matthew. The study proceeds to put under consecutive scrutiny 1) the lowering frequency of occurrence featured by participial predicative attributes, 2) the forms and structures that come to oust the latter, 3) the factor of morphological development of Participle I as affecting the syntactic properties of the participial phrases, 4) the evolution of lexical meaning manifested by the active participles functioning as Subjective Predicative Attribute.
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Tillier, Mathieu. "Scribes et enquêteurs Note sur le personnel judiciaire en Égypte aux quatre premiers siècles de l’hégire." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 54, no. 3 (2011): 370–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852011x587434.
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AbstractThis article undertakes first a reconstruction of lists of legal scribes (kātibs) and investigators (ṣāḥibsal-masāʾil) active in Fusṭāṭ between the 1st/early 8th and the 4th/10th century. Identification of these people allows a better understanding of the recruitment of Egyptian judiciary staff. Their reputations as scholars, as well as their ethnical, geographical and tribal origins, show that legal careers were limited by social barriers for a long time. Up until the 3rd/9th century, the office of scribe was mostly held bymawālī—high-ranking clients could possibly aspire to the office of investigator—, whereasqāḍīs were recruited among Arabs. The partitioning of the judiciary reveals a complex social hierarchy beyond the mere distinction between Arabs and non-Arabs. The results of this study also allow a re-evaluation of the Abbasid revolution’s impact on Egyptian society.
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Burnett, Charles. "The Certitude of Astrology: the Scientific Methodology of Al-Qabīsī and Abu MaShar1." Early Science and Medicine 7, no. 3 (2002): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338202x00117.
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AbstractAbū Ma'shar (787-886) and al-Qābīsī (mid-10th century) were active astrologers and defenders of the scientific character of their discipline. They wrote works on criticisms brought forward against the discipline and challenged practitioners whom they considered as detrimental for the esteem and future fate of their science. Nevertheless, both writers can be seen as heirs to a single tradition of thought, which took its origins in Ptolemy's Tetrabiblios and developed largely independently of the religious or philosophical beliefs of a specific community. The arguments developed for proving the scientific value of astrology are interesting in their own right, and merit further study not only by historians of science but also by historians of philosophy.
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Stelnik, Evgeny. "Job Versus Hercules: Virtue in the Articles of the Byzantine Suda Dictionary of the 10th Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (February 2021): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.6.20.
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Introduction. In ancient mythology, the image of Hercules is one of the most popular, and his heroic cult is one of the most common. Having emerged from the “conglomerate of folk tales”, the image of Hercules was actively assimilated by the Greek and then Roman literary tradition. Hercules was a very popular hero among Greek tragic and especially comic poets. In Roman times, the final systematization of the image took place. The key role in this process was played by the works of Apollodorus “The Mythological Library” (2nd century BC), “Pictures” by Philostratus the Younger (2nd century BC) and “Description of Hellas” by Pausanias (2nd century BC). Within the framework of the classical tradition, the image of Hercules in Roman times was finally formed and unambiguous. Hercules is a hero, a demigod, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, who possessed amazing strength, who killed his children (and the children of his brother Iphicles) in an act of madness. He performed 12 labours at the request of Eurystheus. Hercules lived with the Lydian queen Omphale dressing in a woman’s dress. He was poisoned by his wife Deianira, burned at the stake on Mount Eta and ascended to Olympus, where he became the spouse of Hebe. Methods. The hermeneutic methodology, which ensured the correct understanding and interpretation of the text of the Suda dictionary and the ancient texts, on which this “antique” dictionary was based, is used in the article. The toolkit of the hermeneutic circle (pre-understanding and understanding of the text, interpretation of the whole based on knowledge of its parts) made it possible to highlight key elements (plots, signs and symbols) of the philosophical image of Hercules in the entries of the dictionary. Results. We can see a kind of “muscular Christianity”, when the strength of the body still corresponds to moral perfection and the withdrawal from the world does not contradict the active entry into the still polis institutions of urban life in Byzantine cities, among which the most important was the hippodrome and sports competitions. Christian authors actively used traditional sports metaphors and images of wrestling, but filled them with new Christian content. In the dictionary of the Suda, there is a kind of replacement of images that embody the samples of virtue. Hercules always loses to Job. It is indicative that the Christian rhetoric, relying on the philosophical symbolism of the apotheosis of Hercules, using the “sports” terminology of struggle, ignores the developed philosophical symbolism of Hercules, and fights against the mythological “fables” about Hercules. Using cynical and stoic terminology, Christian rhetoric opposes the comedic and dramatic image of Hercules, as Herodore of Heracles did in the 5th century BC. That is, the enemy is borrowed from Christian rhetoric along with philosophical symbols and terminology describing a difficult life full of trials as a virtue.
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Syrovatko, A. S., N. E. Zaretskaya, A. A. Troshina, and A. V. Panin. "Radiocarbon Chronology of the Schurovo Burial Mound Cremation Complex (Viking Times, Middle Oka River, Russia)." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047421.
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Excavation of the Schurovo archaeological site, located on a ∼12-m river terrace, has revealed 3 occupation periods: 1) as a dwelling site of the Migration period (4th–5th centuries AD); 2) as local burial mounds (termed “houses of the dead” in Russian); 3) and as a ground burial period, which left a cremation layer directly on the ground and is now covered by the Little Ice Age overbank alluvium. The latter 2 periods contain few artifacts, which makes radiocarbon dating more appropriate for establishing their chronology. The burial mounds were dated to the mid-6th to mid-7th centuries AD. The accumulation of colluvium in mound ditches points to a rather long (at least a century) pause between the construction of burial mounds and the appearance of ground burials. Dates from the cremation layer (ground burials) span a wide range from the 8th to 13th centuries AD. As the younger dates do not correspond to regional historical and archaeological contexts, we believe them to be “rejuvenated” due to their long exposure before burial to the young alluvium. The ground burials are dated to the mid-8th to mid-10th centuries AD, the so-called “dark ages” in the Moscow region characterized by very few archaeological data. An isolated ancient branch of the Oka River near the archaeological site was radiocarbon dated and found to be active until the mid-10th to later-12th centuries AD, meaning that it was likely used as a local harbor on the transit river route throughout the site's occupation.
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Şeyban, Lütfi. "Cultural characteristics of Islamic cities that emerge as centers of knowledge at the 10th century A.D.Miladi X. yüzyılda ilim merkezleri olarak öne çıkan İslam şehirlerinin kültürel nitelikleri." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 2 (November 20, 2015): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3436.
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<p>The purpose of this paper is to identify the cultural characteristics of Islamic cities, which emerge as centers of knowledge, and consequently to draw attention to the cultural level attained by the Muslim states of the era.</p><p>Information on the cultural life and the identities, personalities, the course and venues of education, mentors and students of the scholars are generally contained in sources known as tabakât [i.e. collections] and a'lâm [i.e. traces]. These sources provide detailed information on the scholarship, education and cultural life of Muslim lands, while also shedding light on the cities frequented by the scholars for rihla [i.e. journey undertaken especially for divine wisdom and knowledge]. Information on the level of cultural development of such cities in a given period of time is often set out in sources on the history of cities, history of geography and general history of Islam.</p><p>Information contained in these sources and the interpretation of this information call attention to three particular issues: firstly, the rich variety of the scholarly and cultural activities performed in terms of both form and content implies that the Muslim lands in the tenth century attained a high cultural and civil status in comparison with its contemporaries. The second important aspect is that almost all of the scholars who were active agents in the social and cultural life went to cities renowned as cultural hubs to receive higher education. Lastly, those who completed their education in cities emerging as cultural centers started working as active scientists and educators, having been convinced that they had been educated in accordance with the norms of their time.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu tebliğin amacı, hicri IV./miladi X. yüzyılda ilim merkezleri olarak öne çıkan İslam şehirlerinin kültürel niteliklerini tanımak ve dolayısıyla o çağın Müslüman devletlerinin sahip oldukları kültürel düzeye dikkat çekmektir.</p><p>İslâm tarihinde kültürel hayat ile bilginlerin kimlik, kişilik, tahsil hayatı ve tahsil yerleri, ders aldıkları hocaları ve ders verdikleri talebeler hakkındaki bilgiler, daha çok <em>tabakât</em> veya <em>a’lâm</em> kitapları olarak adlandırılan kaynaklarda bulunmaktadır. Bu kitaplardaki kayıtlar Müslüman yurdunun ilim, eğitim ve kültür hayatı hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi sunarken, aynı zamanda bilginlerin ilim tahsili yani rıhle amacıyla gittikleri şehirleri de haber vermektedir. Bu şehirlerin özellikle o çağa özgü kültürel gelişmişliği hakkındaki bilgiler ise daha çok şehir tarihi, coğrafya tarihi ve genel İslam tarihi kaynaklarında bulunmaktadır.</p><p>İşte bu kaynakların analiz edilmesi yoluyla elde edilen bilgi ve tespitler şu üç olguya dikkat çekmektedir. Birincisi, icra edilen ilim ve kültür faaliyetlerinin hem çeşit hem de içerik bakımından oldukça zengin olması, miladi X. Yüzyılda İslam ülkesinin hemen her bakımdan kendi çağdaşları arasında yüksek bir kültürel ve medeni düzeye erişmiş olduğuna işaret etmektedir. İkinci önemli sonuç, sosyal ve kültürel hayat üzerinde oldukça etkin bir konumda bulunan bilginlerin hemen tamamının kültür merkezleri olarak öne çıkan şehirlerde yüksek tahsil amacıyla bulundukları gerçeğidir. Üçüncü sonuç ise, kültürel merkezler olarak öne çıkan şehirlerde tahsilini tamamlayanların, zamanın kurallarına uygun şekilde kendini yetiştirdiğine kani olarak bilim ve eğitim faaliyetlerinde aktif görev almış olmalarıdır.</p>
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Kim, Kyungmin, Juhee Kim, Kijong Cho, Jeong-Gyu Kim, and Seunghun Hyun. "Analysis of the Resilience of Common-Pool Resources during Globalization: The Case of Jeju Common Ranches in Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124346.
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A common-pool resource (CPR) is a type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system. Jeju common ranches are historical CPRs located in Jeju Province where mid-mountainous grassland has been shared for livestock farming by the members of adjacent villages since the 10th century. Because of the recent globalization movement, the number of ranches has decreased from 126 in the 1940s to only 53 in 2015; while the majority of the ranches did not survive the transformation, others have remained active by adopting various solutions. In this study, we analyzed the administrative characteristics of the CPRs to explain their current status (i.e., extinction or continuance as a common property) using logistic regression analysis. From this analysis, four statistically meaningful variables were extracted using a forward stepwise selection method; these include the type of ranch management, ratio of land area to population, number of internal committees in the village, and number of local government grants. These variables correlate well with previously recognized ‘community resilience dimensions’ and can be used to explain the fate of the Jeju common ranches during the study period. This study elucidates what community dimensions should be fortified to promote the resilience of Jeju common ranches in order to effectively cope with the on-going effects of globalization.
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Pełczyński, Grzegorz. "Z dziejów Karaimów litewsko-polskich w XX wieku." Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie 23 (September 27, 2019): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1429-4168.23.2.
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Из истории литовско-польских караимов в ХХ векеКараимы — это религиозная и одновременно этническая группа с очень интересной историей и культурой, сформировавшаяся в Крыму около Х века. На литовско-польских землях они живут с конца XIV века. Они сохранились до ХХ века как небольшое меньшинство, в межвоенный период их количество не превышало 1000 человек. Главные скопления караимов находились тогда в Тракае, Вильнюсе, Паневежисе в Литовской республике, в Луцке и Галиче. Они выделялись довольно большой культурной активностью в различных сферах. Однако первая и вторая мировые войны негативно повлияли на так малую общность. Многие погибли во время военных действий. Большинство было переселено, и это вызвало их рассеяние и ассимиляцию в чужом окружении. Большую угрозу для караимов представлял и коммунизм, борющийся со всеми проявлениями религиозной культуры. Несмотря на это, и в настоящее время в Литве и Польше они стараются существовать как особенный народ, хотя в намного меньшем количестве, чем перед войной.On the history of the Lithuanian-Polish Karaims in the 20th centuryThe Karaims are a religious and ethnic group with a very interesting history and culture, who emerged in Crimea around the 10th century. They settled in Poland and Lithuania in the 14th century and survived until the 20th century as a small minority — in the interwar period their population did not exceed 1,000. At that time their main centres were in Trakai, Vilnius, Panevėžys in Lithuania as well as in Lutsk and Halych. They were very active in various areas of culture; however, both the First and the Second World Wars had a negative impact on this small community. Many of its members perished during military operations. Most were forcibly resettled, as a result of which they dispersed as a community and became assimilated in foreign environments. Just as dangerous to them was communism, which fought any manifestations of religious culture. Nevertheless, today the Karaims still try to live as a distinct people in Lithuania and Poland.
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Ben-Shammai, Haggai. "al-Uṣūl al-Muhaḏḏabiyya." Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 8, no. 2-3 (July 30, 2020): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-20201002.
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Abstract Ms. St. Petersburg, Russian National Library, Evr Arab I 3951 has 14 leaves, which consist of three fragments: 1) Fols. 1–10, include part of al-Uṣūl al-Muhaḏḏabiyya, the subject of the present paper. 2–3) Fragments of a responsum on forbidden marriages and a theological work. al-Uṣūl al-Muhaḏḏabiyya was written as a concise compendium of Muʿtazili theology, written by a Karaite scholar Sahl b. al-Faḍl al-Tustarī, who was active in Jerusalem (and perhaps later in Egypt) at the end of the 10th century, at the request of al-Qaḍī al-Muhaḏḏab Saniyy al-Dawla, (apparently) a dignitary in the service of the Fāṭimid government. No person with this, or a similar name could be identified in historical or biographic sources as fitting the role of instigator of such an inter-confessional project. On the basis of a comparison between a quotation of a statement on the definition of prophecy by al-Sahl b. al-Faḍl al-Tustarī at an inter-confessional debate, which took place on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem ca. 1095 (quoted in Ibn al-ʿArabī’s Qānūn al-taʾwīl) and a similar statement on prophecy found in the fragment of al-Uṣūl al-Muhaḏḏabiyya, it is quite safe to conclude that the same person is the author of the compendium, and also of the important work Kitāb al-Īmāʾ.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active 10th century"
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Nigro, Justin. "RECONCILING ISLAM AND PHILOSOPHY IN THE VIRTUOUS CITY: REREADING AL-FARABI'S AL-MADINAH AL-FADILAH WITHIN 10TH-CENTURY ISLAMIC THOUGHT." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/440141.
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ReligionM.A.
In his tenth-century work, al-Madīnah al-Fāḍilah, the Muslim philosopher Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī posits a solution to the internecine hostilities between Muslim intellectual communities which occurred as a result of conflicting positions on the relationship between revelation and reason, religion and philosophy. In this work al-Fārābī demonstrates that both religion and philosophy are derived from, and dependent upon, divine revelation from Allah to the Prophet. Modern scholars of al-Fārābī interpret his work differently, reading him as an enemy of religion who subordinates Islam to philosophy. In this thesis, after establishing al-Fārābī within the historical and ideological context of tenth-century Islamic thought I analyze al-Madīnah al-Fāḍilah in light of a commentary on the text by Richard Walzer, who is among those scholars who read al-Fārābī as an enemy of Islam who merely reproduces Greek philosophy in Arabic. Contrasting the original Arabic text with Walzer’s English translation and commentary I apply readings of several of al-Fārābī’s other works as an interpretive lens, through which the correct reading of al-Madīnah al-Fāḍilah is made clear. I further analyze the text in light of Islamic Scripture, by which I demonstrate that the foundation on which al-Fārābī’s cosmology is founded has precedence within the Qur’ān. Working in the tenth century al-Fārābī sought to reconcile the conflicting views of his fellow Muslims, in order to bring peace to the community, the Muslim Ummah. Al-Madīnah al-Fāḍilah should be regarded as his crowning achievement in these efforts.
Temple University--Theses
Book chapters on the topic "Active 10th century"
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Szmoniewski, Bartłomiej, and Krzysztof Tunia. "Słowiańskie osadnictwo w fazie plemiennej i wczesnopaństwowej (VII/VIII–XIII wiek) / Slavic settlement in the Tribal and Early State phase (7th/8th–13th centuries)." In Kartki z dziejów igołomskiego powiśla, 151–71. Wydawnictwo i Pracownia Archeologiczna PROFIL-ARCHEO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/igolomia2020.09.
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After the Early Slavic period a number of changes took place, which was manifested, among others, in the construction of strongholds – fortified seats of local power. This stage of Slavic development, lasting approximately 200 years from the turn of the 7th and 8th century on, is called the Tribal phase. At that time, the areas of western Lesser Poland belonged to the Vistulan tribe. Their central seat was the stronghold on Wawel Hill in Kraków. At the end of the 10th century the Piasts began to play an active military and political role in the Vistula River basin. Their successful expansion gave rise to the Early State phase. After 966, as Christianity progressed, inhumation replaced cremation as the burial rite. The oldest row-arranged cemeteries were founded on the upper Vistula from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. They were used until end of the 12th century, or longer. Two such cemeteries were examined in the study area, in Wawrzeńczyce and Stręgoborzyce. They were abandoned with the consolidation of the parish network and the establishment of church cemeteries in the 13th century. Material culture of the Tribal phase – besides native production – yielded artifacts indicating contacts with areas south of the Carpathians, with the nomadic Avars and, after their fall, with Hungarians.
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Fehring, Thomas H., and Terry S. Reynolds. "Significant Engineers in America’s Rise to Industrial Prominence." In Chronicles of Mechanical Engineering in the United States, 125–200. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.356056_ch5.
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This chapter is entirely biographical, focusing on engineers active in the period in which the United States was transformed from a minor industrial power to the world’s leading industrial power, i.e., in the century between 1840 and 1940. The bulk of the biographical sketches in this chapter were written by Fritz Hirschfeld. They were commissioned by ASME as part of the commemoration of the Society’s 100th anniversary and appeared in Mechanical Engineering between November 1979 and March 1981.
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Hagen, A., and F. Roessner. "Conversion of ethane into aromatic hydrocarbons on zinc containing ZSM-5 zeolites — role of active centers." In Zeolite Science 1994: Recent Progress and Discussions - Supplementary Materials to the 10th International Zeolite Conference, Garmish-Partenkirchen, Germany, July 17-22, 1994, 182–83. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81144-4.
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Burtseva, Alla O. "Soviet Turkmenia through the eyes of the Soviet writer: language and translation." In A Stranger’s Gaze: Diplomats, Journalists, Scholars — Travellers between East and West from the Eighteenth Century to the Twenty-First, 269–86. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Nestor-Istoriia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/4469-1767-9.16.
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The Soviet project of national literature was strongly motivated by the government in the 1930s. The government was not the only client, as regional literary circles were also interested (Turkmen in particular). The question about the language of literature was actively discussed in the Turkmen press, in particular, the new language, new literature, translation, and the work of Soviet writers on Turkmen themes. The author uses the press, critical review, and a poem by G. A. Sannikov as particular examples of this topic. The poem was published in the almanac Ajding-Gjunler which was created for the 10th anniversary of Turkmenistan as a Soviet republic by the writers' “brigade”, which had to create poems, short stories, and sketches about “new Turkmenia”. I consider the press publications controversial in the matter of the “cleanness” of new Turkmen as well as the loanwords used. The review by R. Aliev strongly criticises the translations from the classic Turkmen literature. In his opinion, the translators do not understand the sound and the nuances of the language used in national poetry. Sannikov uses Turkmen words as a means to make the reader feel the sound and the shape of them, but does not explain the meaning, which leads to the conclusion that this was an attempt to construct zaum (more or less). We conclude that the movement of Russian and Turkmen language of fiction towards each other stalled and was substituted by mass translation owing to the background of the discussion about “cleanness”, negatively reviewed translations, and the specific usage of Turkmen elements in soviet poetry. We suggest that the project of language exchange was not successful.
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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "Quality of Life." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0031.
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How old will our children live to be? 120? 150? The average human life span continues to lengthen, and more and more of us will enjoy a long life. A substantial proportion of today’s children will one day celebrate their 100th birthday, whereas back in 1900, half of all human beings were dead by the age of 37. Life expectancy in the Western world has advanced with remarkable speed, which means the number of old people is also increasing rapidly. A century ago, a mere 1 percent of the world’s population was aged older than 65. By 2050, that figure will be about 20 percent. Babies born in 2010 will live an average of 20 years longer than those born in 1950. Life expectancy increases 3 years for each decade that passes, reflecting ongoing progress in technology. The necessities of life are provided more efficiently than they were a century ago, certainly in the West. There is enough to eat, and we are well clothed and sheltered. Advances in medical science mean we can live longer without falling victim to disease. And if we do get sick, we can survive longer. Chronic illness, heart conditions, and cancer are no longer necessarily a death sentence. People in the developed world now live so long that the main causes of death for those under 50—violence and suicide—lie beyond the reach of medical technology. We only become dependent on medical intervention later in our lives, as the age at which we begin to “break down” has risen progressively over the past century. Today’s old people are much sprightlier than their counterparts in the past. A person now aged 75 frequently has a similar level of health, vitality, and joie de vivre as a 65-year-old two generations ago. We wear out less, our living conditions are better, and prompt action is taken if something goes wrong. Most important, many people believe it is worthwhile to live longer as we can enjoy the extra years in good health and pleasant circumstances.
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Larson, Greger, and Umberto Albarella. "Current views on Sus phylogeography and pig domestication as seen through modern mtDNA studies." In Pigs and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199207046.003.0010.
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The history of pig domestication is also the history of the beginnings of Eurasian agricultural civilization. Wild boar were an important hunted resource for many millennia before the domestication process significantly altered this relationship between pigs and humans. The end result of this process (involving not just pigs but all other farm animals and pets) has led not only to the development of a staggering number of breeds and variations of what were once solely wild animals, but also to the intensification of the relationship between human beings and domestic animals, to the point of near total dependence of each upon the other. By investigating when, where, and how many times pigs (and other animals) were domesticated, we not only gain an insight into the process of domestication, itself, but also (by extension) a deeper understanding of human history, evolutionary biology, biogeography, and a host of other disciplines. The beginnings of pig management and domestication probably began sometime between the 10th to 8th millennium BP. In western Eurasia, the earliest archaeological evidence for pig domestication comes from a number of sites in Eastern and central Anatolia: Çayönü Tepesi (Ervynck et al. 2001), Hallan Çemi (Redding & Rosenberg 1998; Redding 2005), and Gürcütepe (Peters et al. 2005). At Çayönü Tepesi, a unique 2,000-year stratigraphic sequence, spanning the 9th to 7th millennia BP, has provided perhaps one of the best opportunities to observe the actual process of domestication for pigs. Thus, biometrical and age-at-death data led Ervynck et al. (2001) to postulate several shifts in the intensity of pig–human relationships, not necessarily directly driven by humans in its initial stages. Active involvement of humans in this process, it was argued, took place much later. However the process is specifically defined, the evidence from Çayönü Tepesi clearly reflects an intensification of the relationship between people and pigs over two millennia, and points to eastern Turkey as a centre of early pig domestication. Unfortunately, most early archaeological sites do not possess such long, continuous, or reliably dated occupation sequences, which has made the identification of other centres of animal domestication difficult at best.
Conference papers on the topic "Active 10th century"
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Liao, Jian-Ming, Han-Lin Zhang, Si-Yu Zhan, and Guo-Ming Lu. "Analysis and design of VPN based on wireless Android intelligent home center." In 2013 10th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccwamtip.2013.6716642.
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Zhou, Rongliang, Zhikui Wang, Cullen E. Bash, Tahir Cader, and Alan McReynolds. "Failure Resistant Data Center Cooling Control Through Model-Based Thermal Zone Mapping." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58403.
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Due to the tremendous cooling costs, data center cooling efficiency improvement has been actively pursued for years. In addition to cooling efficiency, the reliability of the cooling system is also essential for guaranteed uptime. In traditional data center cooling system design with N+1 or higher redundancy, all the computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units are either constantly online or cycled according to a predefined schedule. Both cooling system configurations, however, have their respective drawbacks. Data centers are usually over provisioned when all CRAC units are online all the time, and hence the cooling efficiency is low. On the other hand, although cooling efficiency can be improved by cycling CRAC units and turning off the backups, it is difficult to schedule the cycling such that sufficient cooling provisioning is guaranteed and gross over provisioning is avoided. In this paper, we aim to maintain the data center cooling redundancy while achieving high cooling efficiency. Using model-based thermal zone mapping, we first partition data centers to achieve the desired level of cooling influence redundancy. We then design a distributed controller for each of the CRAC units to regulate the thermal status within its zone of influence. The distributed controllers coordinate with each other to achieve the desired data center thermal status using the least cooling power. When CRAC units or their associated controllers fail, racks in the affected thermal zones are still within the control “radius” of other decentralized cooling controllers through predefined thermal zone overlap, and hence their thermal status is properly managed by the active CRAC units and controllers. Using this failure resistant data center cooling control approach, both cooling efficiency and robustness are achieved simultaneously. A higher flexibility in cooling system maintenance is also expected, since the distributed control system can automatically adapt to the new cooling facility configuration incurred by maintenance.
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Li, Guo-Gang, Fen-Fen Wang, and Jia-Di Long. "Research on the electronic commerce platform building and applications based on the small and medium sized third party logistics distribution center." In 2013 10th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccwamtip.2013.6716653.
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Comperchio, Dan, and Sameer Behere. "Code Compliance in a Rapidly Changing Industry: Data Centers and the Development of BSR/ASHRAE Standard 90.4P." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59665.
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The data center industry has seen a rapid expansion in the last few years, causing a lapse in the ability for codes to react quickly enough. As new, innovative designs emerge to handle specialized applications, increased rack densities and wider thermal operating condition envelopes, system designs are also evolving with increasing frequency. Data center developers and designers are taking lessons learned from regional, national or even international sites and applying the best practices to new designs. In a three to six year code cycle, designs can become obsolete and outdated before a revised code is even adopted. This is especially pronounced in regards to the energy code adopted by the majority of the states where considerable controversy broke out over the applicability of prescriptive methodologies in the prominent ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010 with regards to data centers. The result was a bifurcation within the organization and a specialized committee was tasked with developing a parallel standard with the intentions of codifying requirements specific to data centers. At the time of this writing, the committee is still developing BSR/ASHRAE Standard 90.4P which carves out data center designs from the general commercial building energy code and apply data center-centric requirements culled from an active industry group and extensive public review comment periods. Navigating the new standard can be difficult, however the proper interpretation and understanding of it is critical to the ongoing success of data center operations.
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Nelson, John C., Timo Santala, Jonathan Lenchner, Robert Calio, Michael Frissora, and John E. Miller. "Locating and tracking data center assets using active RFID tags and a mobile robot." In 2013 10th International Conference & Expo on Emerging Technologies for a Smarter World (CEWIT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cewit.2013.6713757.
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Deciu, Valeriu. "Centre-periphery Cleavage in Ukraine." In 10th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice RSACVP 2018, 20 - 21 April 2018 Suceava, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.38.
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de Souza, Robson Ferreira, Luciane G. Tomaz, Vicente J. C. Real, and Tatiana Malafaia Cardoso. "The Application of Lean Six Sigma Methodology in Execution Process, Management and Attribution of Maintenance Activities." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33573.
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One of any company’s major assets is information and there is no information without data. In this regard, there are numerous market solutions for maintenance data records. At times, data quality is not satisfactory and this prevents obtaining information, thus jeopardizing reliability of the assets, affecting efficacy of a company’s management decisions and causing serious problems. This article aims to explain the use of the six sigma methodology to improve quality in maintenance records in the Natural Gas Department of Transpetro. To this end, the Maintenance Record Improvement Project was created, which involved plotting the execution process and maintenance records, development of portable tools for field records, redefining execution and management of routine maintenance processes, workforce training and cultural change. The article demonstrates how improvement opportunities were identified, mapping and measuring gaps, analysis of needs jointly with ways for treating them and preparing the action plan to prioritize the correction of deviations. In order to control the process, an indicator was developed to monitor progress in the quality of completing the records in the diverse Work Centers in the Transpetro Natural Gas Department (DGN) maintenance area.
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Oshana-Jajo, Jandark, Hossein Ghaednia, Jamshid Zohreh Heydariha, and Sreekanta Das. "Strain Localization in the Dent of a Linepipe." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33017.
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Steel pipelines used for transporting oil and gas can develop various damages such as mechanical damages, corrosion, wrinkle, and crack. One of the mechanical damages is a dent with or without other defects such as corrosion, gouge, and crack. The dent without other defect is often referred to as plain dent. Depending on the severity, a dent can lead to a failure of a field linepipe. The strain concentration in a dented pipeline wall can be used to determine the level of severity of a dent. Hence, a research program was undertaken at the Centre for Engineering Research in Pipelines (CERP) using full-scale tests and finite element analyses. The prime objective of this research was to determine comparative strain distributions in and around the dent and locations of high strains developed from the denting process. This information will help the pipeline operators to determine the severity of dents in their field linepipes. Hence, the outcome of this research will allow the pipeline operators to take an informed decision on whether or not an imminent remedial action for the dented segment of the line pipe is required. This paper presents test data and finite element simulation to discuss the locations and values of crucial strains in dents.
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Koray, Yıldıray, and U¨mit So¨nmez. "Quarter Car Ride Model and Optimization Including a Suspension Mechanism." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24679.
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In this study, a double wishbone suspension mechanism is modeled attached to a body representing a quarter-car. Quarter car models have been studied extensively in the literature using lumped parameter models usually represented as simple systems made of sprung masses, springs, dampers and unsprung masses. In reality suspension mechanisms consists of control arms, which contribute significantly to the response of the overall system. Considering more complex models system including suspension mechanism usually simulation software are used. The main purpose of this study is to derive and to develop the quarter car’s mathematical model including a suspension mechanism in matrix form, and to use this model simulating and investigating various types of studies. First a mathematical model of the double A arm suspension attached to a car mass is generated and the resulting computer simulations are obtained in MATLAB. Second the same model is created using Adams/View software to validate the mathematical model simulation results. In order to get the realistic responses of the suspension system to the road input, the spectral descriptions are used for generating artificial road profiles. Two types of optimization process are performed, one concerning the dimensional optimization of the mechanism (kinematic/geometric mechanism optimization), the other concerning the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension elements namely coil spring and viscous damper (dynamic ride optimization). In the kinematical optimization, the camber angular deviation and the roll center height are taken into account as the weighted objective function. Considering optimization of the nonlinear characteristics of the damper and the spring, the passenger comfort and the car handling measures are taken into account using ISO 2631 weighting standard. Finally, actuators are included in the model in order to increase the ride comfort by an active control scheme. Two actuators are inserted, one is under the driver seat the other is in the A arm mechanism to form an active suspension. A PID control scheme is used to increase ride comfort. These steps also show that, even though it is cumbersome to obtain the simulations of a realistic mathematical model of a commonly used system; once the simulation model is established, it is easy to perform several types of the studies at once.
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Kuznetsov, A. V. "Simulation of induction of color centers in LiF crystals under the action of mid-infrared light bullets." In XVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE AND LASER PHYSICS DEVOTED TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089842.
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