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Journal articles on the topic 'Active chlorine compound'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Pratskova, Svetlana E., and Oksana E. Sirenko. "Spectrophotometric determination of active chlorine by the color of indophenolic compounds." Butlerov Communications 57, no. 3 (2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-3-93.

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Chlorination is a method of disinfection and oxidation of organic impurities in water. Chlorine is present in aqueous solutions in various forms, which are formed as a result of the chlorination of water. Spectrophotometric methods are very important for determining small amounts of chlorine and its compounds. The article presents a modification of the classical indophenolic method. Determination of active chlorine should be carried out at room temperature, maintaining the solutions for 50 minutes, the pH range is 11.9 ± 0.1. The optimal concentration of reagents: 33-fold excess of N-phenanthr

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Fedorova, Lyudmila S., and Anastasia V. Ilyakova. "Comparative evaluation of disinfectant efficacy against biofilm-residing microorganisms." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 100, no. 5 (2023): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-422.

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Introduction. Bacteria in biofilms (BFs) have increased resistance to antibacterial agents, including disinfectants; however, the efficacy level varies depending on the chosen treatment. Therefore, evaluation of efficacy of main disinfectants against BF-residing microorganisms is of scientific and practical interest. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of disinfectants from various chemical groups on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria residing in BFs. Materials and methods. The effect of the following disinfectants has been evaluated: alkyldimethylbenzylammoniu

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Le, Giang Truong, Nguyen Thuy Ta, Trung Quoc Pham, and Yen Hai Dao. "Response Surface Analysis of Fenobucarb Removal by Electrochemically Generated Chlorine." Water 11, no. 5 (2019): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050899.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrochemical formation of active chlorine and its subsequent use for the degradation of the pesticide fenobucarb. Initially, the process of electrochemical active chlorine production was investigated using an electrochemical flow-cell with a Ti/RuO2 plate electrode. The contribution of four main factors (chloride concentration, current density, the retention time of chloride in the cell (flow rate), and initial pH of inlet solution) to form active chlorine was determined by a central composite design (CCD). The influence of the four variab

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Usri, Siti Nur Khalidah, Zuhair Jamain, and Mohamad Zul Hilmey Makmud. "A Review on Synthesis, Structural, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172916.

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Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is a ring compound consisting of an alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atom with two chlorine substituents attached to the phosphorus atom. The six chlorine atoms attached to this cyclo compound can be substituted with any different nucleophile that leads to changes in different chemical and physical properties. The major topics that were investigated in this research are the flame retardancy and dielectric properties of cyclotriphosphazene compounds. Cyclotriphosphazene compounds have high potential to act as a flame retardant, and this compound consists of two

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Zalaru, Christina, Florea Dumitrascu, Constantin Draghici, et al. "Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Structural Analysis, and Evaluation of Anti-Tumor, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Halogenoaminopyrazoles Derivatives." Antibiotics 13, no. 12 (2024): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121119.

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New haloaminopyrazole derivatives differing in the number of pyrazole nuclei 4a–f and 5a–e, respectively, were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, UV-Vis, and elemental analysis. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction method was used to describe compounds 4a and 5d. When tested on normal NCTC fibroblasts in vitro, the newly synthesized derivatives were shown to be non-cytotoxic at a dosage of 25 μg/mL. Two compounds 4a and 5d showed a high degree of biocompatibility. From the two series of compounds tested on HEp-2 human cervical carcinoma cells, compound 5d showed a more prono

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Liu, Manli, Mengyao Ren, Yani Zhang, et al. "Antiviral Activity of Benzoheterocyclic Compounds from Soil-Derived Streptomyces jiujiangensis NBERC-24992." Molecules 28, no. 2 (2023): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020878.

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a pathogen that causes Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in animals, leading to huge economic losses to swine farms. In order to discover anti-PRV compounds, we studied the extracts of the strain Streptomyces jiujiangensis NBERC-24992, which showed significant anti-PRV activity. Eight benzoheterocyclic secondary metabolites, including three new compounds (1–3, virantmycins D–G) and five known compounds (4–8, virantmycin, A-503451 D, A-503451 D acetylate, A-503451 A, and A-503451 B), were isolated from the broth of NBERC-24992. The structures of the new compounds were identifi

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Kovač, Bruno, Kaća Piletić, Nikolina Kovačević Ganić, and Ivana Gobin. "The Effectiveness of Benzalkonium Chloride as an Active Compound on Selected Foodborne Pathogens Biofilm." Hygiene 2, no. 4 (2022): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hygiene2040020.

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Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a chlorine-based chemical compound with proven antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, depending on the length of the alkyl chain. It can be used as a biocide, as a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of commercial cleaning agents for sanitary areas Bis duo Active (BDA) with BAC as an active compound in working concentrations of 5% and 20% on the destruction of bacterial biofilm formed on ceramic tiles. A biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serotype

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8

Abdul-Redah Muhsin, Fulath. "Relationship between Combined Chlorine (inactive chlorine) and Thermotolerant (Faecal) Coliforms Bacteria in Drinking Water among some Neighborhoods of Al-Najaf City." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 10, no. 2 (2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v10.i2.8129.

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Drinking water must not have a special taste or odor, be pure, constant at chemical compound, and not contain pathogenic bacteria, parasites and toxic substances. In this cross-sectional study was carried out for tested some of Iraqi drinking water parameters for detect if a present correlation between of combined chlorine (in active chlorine) and thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms the indicator bacteria in drinking water of some neighbourhoods in Al-Najaf city, according to recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi water parameters in assessment of drinking water quality

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Barakat, Assem, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, M. Ali, et al. "Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of a New Series of Spirooxindole Pyrrolidine Grafted Thiochromene Scaffolds as Potential Anticancer Agents." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (2021): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081426.

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A series of new spiro-heterocycles engrafted spirooxindole/pyrrolidine/thiochromene scaffolds was synthesized by the three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions in a fully controlled regio- and stereo-selective fashion. Condensation of several substituted isatin derivatives with L-proline generated the azomethine ylides which subsequently reacted with chalcones based thiochromene scaffold, and finally afforded the target spiro-compounds. This simple protocol furnished a structurally complex, biologically relevant spiro-heterocycles in good yields through a one-pot process. All synthesi

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Krasnov, Victor P., Vera V. Musiyak, Galina L. Levit, et al. "Synthesis of Pyrimidine Conjugates with 4-(6-Amino-hexanoyl)-7,8-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-[1,4]benzoxazine and Evaluation of Their Antiviral Activity." Molecules 27, no. 13 (2022): 4236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134236.

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A series of pyrimidine conjugates containing a fragment of racemic 7,8-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-[1,4]benzoxazine and its (S)-enantiomer attached via a 6-aminohexanoyl fragment were synthesized by the reaction of nucleophilic substitution of chlorine in various chloropyrimidines. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR spectral data. Enantiomeric purity of optically active derivatives was confirmed by chiral HPLC. Antiviral evaluation of the synthesized compounds has shown that the replacement of purine with a pyrimidine fragment leads to a dec

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Desideri, N., C. Conti, I. Sestili, P. Tomao, M. L. Stein, and N. Orsi. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-Rhinovirus 1B Activity of Oxazolinyl-Isoflavans and -3(2H)-Isoflavenes." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 3, no. 4 (1992): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029200300402.

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Oxazolinyl-isoflavans and −3(2H)-isoflavenes, substituted or not with a chlorine atom, were synthesized in order to compare their anti-rhinovirus activity with that of previously studied analogous compounds. The activity of the oxazolines and of the esters and acids, which are intermediates in the synthesis, was studied in vitro against rhinovirus serotype 1B infection in HeLa cells. The ability of various non cytotoxic concentrations to interfere with the development of the viral cytopathic effect and plaque formation was examined. All the tested compounds exerted a significant antiviral acti

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Gomelya, Mykola, Yana Kryzhanovska, Iryna Makarenko, Tetyana Shabliy, and Oleksandr Kyrylyuk. "Evaluation of the efficiency of the processing of sodium chloride solutions by electrodialysis in a three-chamber electrolyzer using a high-basic anionite." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 2 (June 30, 2025): 60–69. https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2025.333975.

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The desalination process of highly mineralized waters is a rather multifactorial process that depends on a number of technical, economic and environmental aspects. This is an important stage for obtaining fresh water for its further use in various areas: from drinking water supply to industry. Processing of reverse osmosis water desalination concentrates is a relevant area of research not only in terms of waste disposal, but also in the development of low-waste resource-efficient production, which requires the implementation of innovative solutions and obtaining secondary useful products. One

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Skrzypek, Alicja, Monika Karpińska, Małgorzata Juszczak, et al. "Cholinesterases Inhibition, Anticancer and Antioxidant Activity of Novel Benzoxazole and Naphthoxazole Analogs." Molecules 27, no. 23 (2022): 8511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238511.

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Benzoxazole and naphthoxazole fused systems are found in many biologically active molecules. Novel benzoxazole and naphthoxazole analogs functionalized by the 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl moiety were designed, obtained and evaluated as a broad spectrum of biological potency compounds. Sulfinylbis[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanethione] or its analogs and 2-aminophenols or 1-amino-2-naphthol were used as starting reagents. 4-(Naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]oxazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol was identified as the most promising compound of the nanomolar activity against AChE (IC50 = 58 nM) of the mixed-type inhibition and of

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Park, Hyunwoong, Chad D. Vecitis, and Michael R. Hoffmann. "Electrochemical Water Splitting Coupled with Organic Compound Oxidation: The Role of Active Chlorine Species." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113, no. 18 (2009): 7935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp810331w.

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15

Veljović, Elma, Selma Špirtović-Halilović, Samija Muratović, et al. "Antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of xanthen-3-one derivatives." Acta Pharmaceutica 69, no. 4 (2019): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2019-0044.

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Abstract Twelve previously synthesized, biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxyxanthen-3-one derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity. Compounds were screened against HeLa, SW620, HepG2 and A549 tumor cell lines. Compound with the trifluormethyl group on C-4’ position of the phenyl ring showed the best inhibitory activity towards HeLa and A549 tumor cells with IC50 of 0.7 and 4.1 µmol L−1, resp. Compound with chlorine and fluorine substituents on aryl ring showed the best antiproliferative activity against SW620 with IC50 of 4.1 µmol L–1 and against HepG2 tumor cell line

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Vassilyeva, Olga Yu, Elena A. Buvaylo, Vladimir N. Kokozay, Andrii K. Melnyk, and Brian W. Skelton. "Crystal structure and characterization of a new copper(II) chloride dimer with methyl(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)amine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 76, no. 6 (2020): 790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989020005903.

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The new copper(II) complex, namely, di-μ-chlorido-bis{chlorido[methyl(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)amine-κ2 N,N′]copper(II)}, [Cu2Cl4(C7H8N2)2], (I), with the ligand 2-pyridylmethyl-N-methylimine (L, a product of Schiff base condensation between methylamine and 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde) is built of discrete centrosymmetric dimers. The coordination about the CuII ion can be described as distorted square pyramidal. The base of the pyramid consists of two nitrogen atoms from the bidentate chelate L [Cu—N = 2.0241 (9), 2.0374 (8) Å] and two chlorine atoms [Cu—Cl = 2.2500 (3), 2.2835 (3) Å]. The apical po

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Nyati, Hilda, Tjakko Abeea, Rijkelt Beumera, der Veena Stijn van, and Wilma Hazelegera. "Influence of Organic Material and Biofilms on Disinfectant Efficacy Against Listeria monocytogenes." International Journal of Food Studies I 1 (April 18, 2012): 76–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2593162.

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The effects of organic material and biofilm formation on the efficacy of Suma Tab D4 chlorine tablets and Suma Bac D10 quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) against Listeria monocytogenes was determined in suspension and on stainless steel and polystyrene surfaces according to standard disinfectant test methodology. Exposure to 200 and 740 mg L−1 QAC and to 150 mg L−1 active chlorine resulted in a > 5.0 log10 CFU mL−1 and > 5.0 log10 CFU/coupon reduction of six L. monocytogenes strains within one minute, in suspension tests, and on stainless steel surfaces, respectively. A

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18

Krawczyk, Przemysław, Beata Jędrzejewska, Joanna Cytarska, Klaudia Seklecka, and Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski. "Synthesis of Carbazole–Thiazole Dyes via One-Pot Tricomponent Reaction: Exploring Photophysical Properties, Tyrosinase Inhibition, and Molecular Docking." Sensors 24, no. 19 (2024): 6368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24196368.

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Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound consisting of two fused benzene rings and a pyrrole ring and is a very valuable building structure for the design of many compounds for use in various fields of chemistry and medicine. This study presents three new carbazole-based thiazole derivatives that differ in the presence of a different halogen atom: chlorine, bromine, and fluorine. Experimental studies and quantum-chemical simulations show the effect of changing a halogen atom on the physicochemical, biological, and linear and nonlinear optical properties. We have also found that c

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19

Gardner, Gary, James R. Sanborn, and John R. Goss. "N-Alkylaryltriazine Herbicides: A Possible Link Between Triazines and Phenylureas." Weed Science 35, no. 6 (1987): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500079303.

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A comparison of the structure of the α-methylbenzyl analogue (MBAT) of atrazine with the Photosystem II herbicides atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and diuron [N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] suggested thatN-alkylbenzyltriazines may be a structural bridge between the triazines and the phenylureas. In the phenylureas, the addition of chlorines at the meta and/or para positions produces a marked increase in activity. Chloro-substituted derivatives of MBAT were synthesized to determine whether this structure-activity relationship also applies to

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Tănase, Drăghici, Hanganu, et al. "New HSV-1 Anti-Viral 1′-Homocarbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs with an Optically Active Substituted Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptane Fragment as a Glycoside Moiety." Molecules 24, no. 13 (2019): 2446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132446.

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New 1′-homocarbanucleoside analogs with an optically active substituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton as sugar moiety were synthesized. The pyrimidine analogs with uracil, 5-fluorouracil, thymine and cytosine and key intermediate with 6-chloropurine (5) as nucleobases were synthesized by a selective Mitsunobu reaction on the primary hydroxymethyl group in the presence of 5-endo-hydroxyl group. Adenine and 6-substituted adenine homonucleosides were obtained by the substitution of the 6-chlorine atom of the key intermediate 5 with ammonia and selected amines, and 6-methoxy- and 6-ethoxy substit

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Man, Dariusz, and Marian Podolak. "Tin Compounds Interaction with Membranes of Egg Lecithin Liposomes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 5-6 (2007): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-5-617.

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This work is a continuation of earlier research concerning the influence of tin compounds on the dynamic properties of liposome membranes produced with lecithin hen egg yolks (EYL). The experiments were carried out at room temperature (about 25 ∞C). Four tin compounds were chosen, including three organic ones, (CH3)4Sn, (C2H5)4Sn and (C3H7)3SnCl, and one inorganic, SnCl2. The investigated compounds were admixed to water dispersions of liposomes. The content of the admixture changed within the range 0 mol-% to 11mol-% in proportion to EYL. Two spin probes were used in the experiment: 2,2,6,6-te

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Gladkikh, Boris P., Dmitry V. Danilov, Vladimir S. D’yachenko, and Gennady M. Butov. "1,3-Dichloroadamantyl-Containing Ureas as Potential Triple Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, p38 MAPK and c-Raf." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 1 (2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010338.

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Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of bioactive lipid signaling molecules. sEH converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) to virtually inactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). The first acids are “medicinal” molecules, the second increase the inflammatory infiltration of cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs) are key protein kinases involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an important role in the regulation of cellular processes,

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Di Filippo, Ester Sara, Letizia Giampietro, Barbara De Filippis, et al. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Halogenated E-Stilbenols as Promising Antiaging Agents." Molecules 25, no. 23 (2020): 5770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235770.

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The increased risk of illness and disability is related to the age inevitable biological changes. Oxidative stress is a proposed mechanism for many age-related diseases. The crucial importance of polyphenol pharmacophore for aging process is largely described thanks to its effects on concentrations of reactive oxygen species. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, RSV) plays a critical role in slowing the aging process but has a poor bioavailabity after oral intake. In this present work, a series of RSV derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential antioxidant agent

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Vidaillac, Céline, Jean Guillon, Corinne Arpin, et al. "Synthesis of Omeprazole Analogues and Evaluation of These as Potential Inhibitors of the Multidrug Efflux Pump NorA of Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 3 (2006): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01306-05.

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ABSTRACT A series of 11 pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives, 1a to 1k, sharing structural analogies with omeprazole, a eukaryotic efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) used as an antiulcer agent, was synthesized. Their inhibitory effect was evaluated using Staphylococcus aureus strain SA-1199B overexpressing NorA. By determinations of the MIC of norfloxacin in the presence of these EPIs devoid of intrinsic antibacterial activity and used at 128 μg/ml, and by the checkerboard method, compound 1e (MIC decrease, 16-fold; fractional inhibitory concentration index [ΣFIC], 0.18) appeared to be more active t

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Bhagwat D, Mali, Akuskar Deepak S., and Jivane Deepak M. "Separation and Detection of Nux Vomika Alkaloids by Thin-Layer Chromatography." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 3, no. 2 (2017): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.3217.4.

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Strychnine and brucine are the poisonous alkaloids, derived from seeds of strychnos nux vomica. These seeds are readily available in villages and often misused for poisoning. A systematic and complete detection and quantitation of different poisons including plant poison is carried out by forensic toxicologists. Their method involves screening of poisons and their instrumental assay. Although instrumental methods are sensitive, they are costly and involve elaborate instrumental assay. Therefore, a simple, rapid and cheap thinlayer chromatographic method for separation and detection of bioactiv

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Д.А., Кулагина,, Чикина, М.В., Алексеева, Н.А., and Сысолятин, С.В. "REACTIVITY OF 4,10-DI(CHLOROACETYL)-2,6,8,12-TETRACETYL-2,4,6,8,10,12-HEXAAZAISOWURTZITANe IN THE REACTION WITH AMINES." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(46) (December 20, 2022): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2022.46.6.046.

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В течение последних десяти лет активно развивается химия гексаазаизовюрцитанов. Тем не менее существуют трудности в получении данного класса веществ, связанные с их сложной структурой. В связи с этим актуальной темой является разработка новых эффективных и доступных методов синтеза. На сегодняшний момент наиболее изученным и широко применяемым соединением в ряду гексаазаизовюрцитанов является 2,6,8,12-тетраацетил-2,4,6,8,10,12-гексаазаизовюрцитан (ТАIW). Цель работы заключается в исследовании процесса ацилирования 2,6,8,12-тетраацетил-2,4,6,8,10,12-гексаазаизовюрцитана хлорацетилхлоридом в сре

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Mantzanidou, Martha, Eleni Pontiki, and Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina. "Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines as Anti-Inflammatory Agents." Molecules 26, no. 11 (2021): 3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113439.

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The five-membered heterocyclic group of pyrazoles/pyrazolines plays important role in drug discovery. Pyrazoles and pyrazolines present a wide range of biological activities. The synthesis of the pyrazolines and pyrazole derivatives was accomplished via the condensation of the appropriate substituted aldehydes and acetophenones, suitable chalcones and hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol in the presence of drops of glacial acetic acid. The compounds are obtained in good yields 68–99% and their structure was confirmed using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The novel derivatives were

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Gottardi, Waldemar, Dmitri Debabov, and Markus Nagl. "N-Chloramines, a Promising Class of Well-Tolerated Topical Anti-Infectives." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 3 (2013): 1107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02132-12.

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ABSTRACTAntibiotic resistance is a growing public health crisis. To address the development of bacterial resistance, the use of antibiotics has to be minimized for nonsystemic applications in humans, as well as in animals and plants. Possible substitutes with low potential for developing resistance are active chlorine compounds that have been in clinical use for over 180 years. These agents are characterized by pronounced differences in their chlorinating and/or oxidizing activity, with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as the strongest and organic chloramines as the weakest members. Bacterial killing

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Fejzagić, Alexander Veljko, Jan Gebauer, Nikolai Huwa, and Thomas Classen. "Halogenating Enzymes for Active Agent Synthesis: First Steps Are Done and Many Have to Follow." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 4008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24214008.

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Halogens can be very important for active agents as vital parts of their binding mode, on the one hand, but are on the other hand instrumental in the synthesis of most active agents. However, the primary halogenating compound is molecular chlorine which has two major drawbacks, high energy consumption and hazardous handling. Nature bypassed molecular halogens and evolved at least six halogenating enzymes: Three kind of haloperoxidases, flavin-dependent halogenases as well as α-ketoglutarate and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent halogenases. This review shows what is known today on these enz

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Staniszewska, Monika, Łukasz Kuryk, Aleksander Gryciuk, et al. "The Antifungal Action Mode of N-Phenacyldibromobenzimidazoles." Molecules 26, no. 18 (2021): 5463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185463.

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Our study aimed to characterise the action mode of N-phenacyldibromobenzimidazoles against C. albicans and C. neoformans. Firstly, we selected the non-cytotoxic most active benzimidazoles based on the structure–activity relationships showing that the group of 5,6-dibromobenzimidazole derivatives are less active against C. albicans vs. 4,6-dibromobenzimidazole analogues (5e–f and 5h). The substitution of chlorine atoms to the benzene ring of the N-phenacyl substituent extended the anti-C. albicans action (5e with 2,4-Cl2 or 5f with 3,4-Cl2). The excellent results for N-phenacyldibromobenzimidaz

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Cacciatore, Federica, Marina Amici, Giulia Romanelli, et al. "Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Seawaters, Sediments and Biota near a Marine Terminal for Regasifying Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy)." Processes 9, no. 12 (2021): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122175.

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In 2009, the first Italian offshore LNG terminal, located approximately 12 km from the coast of Italy in the Northern Adriatic Sea, started its operation phase. Even if the active chlorine concentration in the discharged seawater is within limits set by Italian regulations (0.2 mg/L), to verify the environmental impact of disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the ecosystem, a specific monitoring program was scheduled from 2010 to 2015. The present study is the first displaying results of DBPs in marine waters of the Adriatic Sea. During the first two years of monitoring activities, DBPs were slig

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Kharchenko, Vyacheslav A. "Getters in silicon." Modern Electronic Materials 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.5.1.38575.

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Gettering of rapidly diffusing metallic impurities and structural defects in silicon which is the main material for IC fabrication, high-power high-voltage devices and neutron doped silicon has been studied. Structural defect based getters and gas phase getters based on chlorine containing compounds have been analyzed. Formation of structural defect based getters requires producing intrinsic sources of dislocation generation and precipitate/dislocation agglomerate formation. We show that dislocations are generated at microcrack mouths and form a low-mobility dislocation network at inactive waf

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Nogueira, Thais Cristina Mendonça, Lucas dos Santos Cruz, Maria Cristina Lourenço, and Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza. "Design, Synthesis and Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Hydrazones and N-acylhydrazones Containing Vitamin B6 and Different Heteroaromatic Nucleus." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 16, no. 7 (2019): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180815666180627122055.

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Background: The term vitamin B6 refers to a set of six compounds, pyridoxine,pyridoxal ,and pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated forms, among which pyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP) is the most important and active form acting as a critical cofactor. These compounds are very useful in medicinal chemistry because of their structure and functionalities and are also used in bioinorganic chemistry as ligands for complexation with metals. Methods: In this study, a series of hydrazones 1a-g and N-acylhydrazones 2a-f containing vitamin B6 have been synthesized from commercial pyridoxal hydrochloride and

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Markowicz-Piasecka, Magdalena, Ibrahim Komeil, Johanna Huttunen, Joanna Sikora, and Kristiina M. Huttunen. "Effective Cellular Transport of Ortho-Halogenated Sulfonamide Derivatives of Metformin Is Related to Improved Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptosis Induction in MCF-7 Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (2020): 2389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072389.

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Metformin is a substrate for plasma membrane monoamine transporters (PMAT) and organic cation transporters (OCTs); therefore, the expression of these transporters and interactions between them may affect the uptake of metformin into tumor cells and its anticancer efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate how chemical modification of metformin scaffold into benzene sulfonamides with halogen substituents (compounds 1–9) may affect affinity towards OCTs, cellular uptake in two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and antiproliferative efficacy of metformin. The uptake of most sul

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Roman, Roxana, Lucia Pintilie, Diana Camelia Nuță, et al. "Contribution to the Synthesis, Characterization, Separation and Quantification of New N-Acyl Thiourea Derivatives with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 10 (2023): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102501.

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The present study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and validate a separation and quantification method of new N-acyl thiourea derivatives (1a–1o), incorporating thiazole or pyridine nucleus in the same molecule and showing antimicrobial potential previously predicted in silico. The compounds have been physiochemically characterized by their melting points, IR, NMR and MS spectra. Among the tested compounds, 1a, 1g, 1h, and 1o were the most active against planktonic Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as revealed by the minimal inhibitory concentration values, while 1e exhibited

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Galm, Ute, Stefanie Heller, Stuart Shapiro, Malcolm Page, Shu-Ming Li, and Lutz Heide. "Antimicrobial and DNA Gyrase-Inhibitory Activities of Novel Clorobiocin Derivatives Produced by Mutasynthesis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 4 (2004): 1307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.4.1307-1312.2004.

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ABSTRACT Twenty-eight novel clorobiocin derivatives obtained from mutasynthesis experiments were investigated for their inhibitory activity towards Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and for their antibacterial activities towards clinically relevant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in comparison to novobiocin and clorobiocin. Clorobiocin was the most active compound both against E. coli DNA gyrase in vitro and against bacterial growth. All tested modifications of the 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl moiety reduced biological activity. The highest activities were shown by compounds containing

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Gupta, Akhilesh. "SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL METHOXY SUBSTITUTED BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 9 (2018): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.28095.

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Objectives: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative rod (bacillus) in the family Enterobacteriaceae. In general, it is harmless, but some special species could cause harmful infection. In the recent era, the number of antibiotics is available to combat infection caused by E. coli but because of resistance developed against available antibiotics research is continuously going on to synthesize newer antibiotic to overcome this problem. Synthesis and screening of benzothiazole derivatives have great importance in heterocyclic chemistry because of its potent and significant biological activities again

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Kastbjerg, Vicky G., Marianne Halberg Larsen, Lone Gram, and Hanne Ingmer. "Influence of Sublethal Concentrations of Common Disinfectants on Expression of Virulence Genes in Listeria monocytogenes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 1 (2009): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00925-09.

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ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne human pathogen that causes listeriosis, a relatively rare infection with a high fatality rate. The regulation of virulence gene expression is influenced by several environmental factors, and the aim of the present study was to determine how disinfectants used routinely in the food industry affect the expression of different virulence genes in L. monocytogenes when added at sublethal concentrations. An agar-based assay was developed to screen the effect of disinfectants on virulence gene promoter expression and was validated at the transcriptional

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39

Kharchenko, Vyacheslav A. "Getters in silicon." Modern Electronic Materials 5, no. (1) (2019): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.5.1.38575.

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Gettering of rapidly diffusing metallic impurities and structural defects in silicon which is the main material for IC fabrication, high-power high-voltage devices and neutron doped silicon has been studied. Structural defect based getters and gas phase getters based on chlorine containing compounds have been analyzed. Formation of structural defect based getters requires producing intrinsic sources of dislocation generation and precipitate/dislocation agglomerate formation. We show that dislocations are generated at microcrack mouths and form a low-mobility dislocation network at inactive waf

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van Ommen, B., J. H. T. M. Ploemen, J. J. P. Bogaards, T. J. Monks, S. S. Gau, and P. J. van Bladeren. "Irreversible inhibition of rat glutathione S-transferase 1-1 by quinones and their glutathione conjugates. Structure-activity relationship and mechanism." Biochemical Journal 276, no. 3 (1991): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2760661.

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The irreversible inhibition of the rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzyme 1-1 by a series of halogenated 1,4-benzoquinones and their GSH conjugates was studied quantitatively by analysing the time course of enzyme inactivation. With increasing numbers of chlorine substituents, the rate of inhibition greatly increased. Incorporation of a GSH moiety in all cases increased the rate of inactivation compared with the non-substituted compound, and this was due to the increased affinity of the inhibitor for the active site. The ratio between the rates of inhibition for a given quinone with and

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Brito, Tiago O., Lethícia O. Abreu, Karen M. Gomes, et al. "Benzoylthioureas: Design, Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 1 (2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666181208110753.

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Background: New drugs and strategies to treat tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. In this context, thiourea derivatives have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-TB. This fact can be illustrated with the structure of isoxyl, an old anti-TB drug, which has a thiourea as a pharmacophore group. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the synthesis and the antimycobacterial activity of fifty-nine benzoylthioureas derivatives. Methods: Benzoylthiourea derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the MABA assa

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Namyatova, K. V., S. S. Zykova, D. S. Ovchinnikov, and S. N. Shurov. "Synthesis and Antihypoxic Activity of 2-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic Acids and Their Reaction Products with Substituted Hydrazines." Drug development & registration 12, no. 4 (2023): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-4(1)-1654.

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Introduction. Hypoxia is a violation of oxidative processes in tissues that occur when oxygen is insufficiently supplied to them or when its utilization is disrupted during biological oxidation. Chronic hypoxic damage plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various diseases, which necessitates the synthesis of new compounds with antihypoxic activity.Aim. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and investigate the antihypoxic activity of 2-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acids and their reaction products with substituted hydrazines.Materi

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Savinova, Ekaterina A., Tatiana A. Salimova, Elena V. Proskurnina, et al. "Effect of Water-Soluble Chlorine-Containing Buckminsterfullerene Derivative on the Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts." Oxygen 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010001.

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The development of novel biologically active nanopharmaceuticals is a topical problem of medicine. Water-soluble fullerene derivatives are of particular interest due to their ability to regulate intracellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by direct oxidation or effects on oxidative and signaling enzymes. Here, we studied the effect of a water-soluble chlorine-containing derivative of C60 fullerene on human embryonic lung fibroblasts. MTT tests, intracellular ROS visualization, detection of the ROS-associated gene and protein expression, repair, cell proliferation and cell cycle r

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Ren, Tian, Mingyu Qiao, Lei Zhang, Jean Weese, Tung-Shi Huang, and Xuehong Ren. "Antimicrobial Activity of N-Halamine–Coated Materials in Broiler Chicken Houses." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 2 (2018): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-176.

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ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazoidinone (MC), a nonbleaching N-halamine compound, was investigated on materials commonly used in broiler production, including stainless steel, galvanized metal, aluminum, plastic, and pressure-treated wood. MC aqueous solutions at 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06% were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni at 6 log CFU/mL, resulting in complete inactivation of both bacteria in 30 min with 0.06% MC. Follow-up experiments were performed using test materials treated with 0.1 and 1% MC and challenged with S

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Halfacre, John W., Jordan Stewart, Scott C. Herndon, et al. "Using tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy for ambient hydrogen chloride detection: HCl-TILDAS." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 5 (2023): 1407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1407-2023.

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Abstract. The largest inorganic, gas-phase reservoir of chlorine atoms in the atmosphere is hydrogen chloride (HCl), but challenges in quantitative sampling of this compound cause difficulties for obtaining high-quality, high-frequency measurements. In this work, tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy (TILDAS) was demonstrated to be a superior optical method for sensitive, in situ detection of HCl at the 2925.89645 cm−1 absorption line using a 3 µm inter-band cascade laser. The instrument has an effective path length of 204 m, 1 Hz precision of 7–8 pptv, and 3σ limit of detectio

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Sachkovska, V. I., O. Yu Zinchenko, B. S. Zhukov, and S. S. Kravets. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF CHLORINE-CONTAINING COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS FOR WATER DECONTAMINATION AGAINST COLIFORM BACTERIA." Odesa National University Herald. Biology 29, no. 1(54) (2024): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2024.1(54).309039.

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Problem. Water is a key factor in the transmission of intestinal infections. During war conflicts, the risk of outbreaks of such infections increases due to infrastructure damage, the inaccessibility of central water supplies, and the impossibility of governmental institutions to control drinking water quality. In such situations, the need arises for household water treatment methods. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of seven commercial water treatment products available in the Ukrainian market against enteric bacteria and to compare their efficacy. Methods. The activity of water purification pro

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Brown, Paula N., Michael Chan, Chuck Chang, et al. "Detection of Undeclared Halogen Substituted Drug Compound in a Natural Health Product." Journal of Natural Health Product Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1515/jnhpr-2020-020102.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: The U-Dream line of products are marketed as natural health product sleep aids in Canada and as dietary supplements in the United States. Several user reviews of the product mention concerning side effects not typically associated with the listed herbal ingredients stated on the product label. Based on these concerns an analytical study was undertaken to determine if the products contained any undeclared pharmaceuticals. METHODS: Product was screened by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for known pharmaceuticals with sedative and sleep promoting properties. Based

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Wang, Chen, Yury I. Bauman, Ilya V. Mishakov, Vladimir O. Stoyanovskii, Ekaterina V. Shelepova, and Aleksey A. Vedyagin. "Scaling up the Process of Catalytic Decomposition of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with the Formation of Carbon Nanostructures." Processes 10, no. 3 (2022): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10030506.

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Catalytic processing of organochlorine wastes is considered an eco-friendly technology. Moreover, it allows us to obtain a value-added product—nanostructured carbon materials. However, the realization of this process is complicated by the aggressiveness of the reaction medium due to the presence of active chlorine species. The present research is focused on the characteristics of the carbon product obtained over the Ni-Pd catalyst containing 5 wt% of palladium in various quartz reactors: from a lab-scale reactor equipped with McBain balance to scaled-up reactors producing hundreds of grams. 1,

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Di Santo, R., R. Costi, M. Artico, et al. "1,2,5-Benzothiadiazepine and Pyrrolo[2,1-d]-[1,2,5]Benzothiadiazepine Derivatives with Specific Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activity." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 9, no. 2 (1998): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029800900204.

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We synthesized and tested as novel inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) bi- and tricyclic thiadiazine ring homologues of 7-chloro-2-ethyl-2 H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3-(4 H)-one 1,1-dioxide, which is a compound endowed with anti-HIV-1 activity at low micromolar concentrations. Benzothiadiazepine derivatives were obtained by alkylation of 8-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-1,2,5-benzothiadiazepin-4(5 H)-one 1,1-dioxide, which was obtained by intramolecular cyclization of 2-(2-amino-5-chloro-benzenesulphonamido) propanoic acid. Pyrrolobenzothiadiazepines were synthesized from N-sub

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Ammann, CExperimental Orthopaedics Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austriahristoph G., Manfred Fille, Johann Hausdorfer, Michael Nogler, Markus Nagl, and Débora Coraça-Huber. "Influence of poly-N-acetylglucosamine in the extracellular matrix on N-chlorotaurine mediated killing of Staphylococcus epidermidis." New Microbiologica 37 (December 12, 2017): 361–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1110704.

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N–chlorotaurine (NCT) has recently been shown to have bactericidal activity against bacterial biofilm on metal discs (Coraca-Huber et al., 2014). In a biofilm, Staphylococcus epidermidis polymerizes poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) to form an extracellular matrix (ECM). Pseudomonas aeruginosa does not express this PNAG and has been shown to be highly susceptible to NCT. We compared the action of NCT on S. epidermidis 1457, a PNAG positive strain (SE1457) and S. epidermidis 1457- M10 an isogenic PNAG negative mutant (SE1457 M10). NCT-mediated killing was more effective and quicker on the P

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