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Journal articles on the topic 'Active circuit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Abuelmaatti, Muhammad Taher, and Muhammad Ali Al-Qahtani. "Active-Only Sinusoidal Oscillator Circuits." Active and Passive Electronic Components 24, no. 4 (2001): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/69690.

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Two new active-only sinusoidal oscillator circuits are proposed. The first circuit uses one current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and four operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The second circuit uses only four OTAs. Without using any external passive elements, voltage (or current) control of the frequency and condition of oscillation, of the two circuits, can be achieved by adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs. The proposed circuits enjoy low sensitivities.

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2

Leach, D. P. "Active circuit analysis." IEEE Potentials 14, no. 2 (1995): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/45.376647.

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3

Teng, Jianfu, J. K. Fidler, and Yichuang Sun. "Symbolic Circuit Analysis Using Mathematica." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 31, no. 4 (October 1994): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099403100405.

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Symbolic circuit analysis using Mathematics A method of symbolic circuit analysis using Mathematica is reported. With the powerful symbolic manipulation capacity of Mathematica, symbolic circuit analysis is significantly simplified. The analysed circuits can be passive or active, with active devices modelled by nullors. Non-trivial circuit analysis examples are presented and the program list is given.

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4

Xiong, Li, Xinguo Zhang, and Yan Chen. "Experimental verification of volt-ampere characteristic curve for a memristor-based chaotic circuit." Circuit World 46, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-04-2019-0035.

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Purpose The ammeter can measure the direct current and low-frequency alternating current through the wires, but it is difficult to measure complex waveforms. The oscilloscope can measure complex waveforms, but it is easy to measure the voltage waveform and difficult to measure the current waveform. Thus, how to measure complex current waveforms with oscilloscope is an important and crucial issue that needs to be solved in practical engineering applications. To solve the above problems, an active short circuit line method is proposed to measure the volt-ampere characteristic curve of chaotic circuits. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an active short circuit line method is proposed to measure the volt-ampere characteristic curve of various chaotic circuits especially for memristive systems. A memristor-based chaotic system is introduced, and the corresponding memristor-based circuit is constructed and implemented by using electronic components. Findings The chaotic attractors and volt-ampere characteristic curve of the memristor-based chaotic circuit are successfully analyzed and verified by oscilloscope measurement with the proposed active short circuit line method. Accordingly, the hardware circuit experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the active short circuit line method for these chaotic circuits. A good agreement is shown between the numerical simulations and the experimental results. Originality/value The primary contributions of this paper are as follows: an active short circuit line method for measuring the volt-ampere characteristic curve of chaotic circuits is proposed for the first time. A memristor-based chaotic system is also constructed by using memristor as nonlinear term. Then, the active short circuit line method is applied to measure the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the corresponding memristor-based chaotic circuit.

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Hruboš, Zdeněk, and Tomáš Gotthans. "Analysis and Synthesis of Chaotic Circuits using Memristor Properties." Journal of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2014-0020.

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Abstract This paper provides an innovative practical realization of a memristor based chaotic circuit. The first part discusses the mathematical analysis of the proposed system, including calculation of an eigenvalues, bifurcation diagram and largest Lyapunov exponents. Another parts deal with circuitry realization and the influence of parasitic properties of active elements. The circuit simulations obtained by PSpice environment and the practical measurement results on a breadboard are presented in the last part of this paper. The main aim of this work is an innovative realization of the memristor based chaotic circuit with one type of energy-storage element (linear passive capacitor) and with simpler construction in comparison to other circuits. The next contribution consists in verification of designed circuit with respect to influence of parasitic properties of active elements to chaos destruction.

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6

Funato, Hirohito, and Atsuo Kawamura. "Active-Passive Power Circuit." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 113, no. 5 (1993): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.113.601.

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7

Maundy, Brent, and Stephan J. G. Gift. "Active grounded inductor circuit." International Journal of Electronics 98, no. 5 (May 2011): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2010.547807.

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8

Funato, Hirohito, and Atsuo Kawamura. "Active-passive power circuit." Electrical Engineering in Japan 114, no. 4 (1994): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391140412.

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9

JIAO, HAILONG, and VOLKAN KURSUN. "NOISE-AWARE DATA PRESERVING SEQUENTIAL MTCMOS CIRCUITS WITH DYNAMIC FORWARD BODY BIAS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 01 (February 2011): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007116.

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Multi-threshold voltage CMOS (MTCMOS) is the most widely used circuit technique for suppressing the subthreshold leakage currents in idle circuits. When a conventional sequential MTCMOS circuit transitions from the sleep mode to the active mode, significant bouncing noise is produced on the power and ground distribution networks. The reliability of the surrounding active circuitry is seriously degraded. A dynamic forward body bias technique is proposed in this paper to alleviate the ground bouncing noise in sequential MTCMOS circuits without sacrificing the data retention capability. With the new dynamic forward body bias technique, the peak ground bouncing noise is reduced by up to 91.70% as compared to the previously published sequential MTCMOS circuits in a UMC 80 nm CMOS technology. The design tradeoffs among important design metrics such as ground bouncing noise, leakage power consumption, active power consumption, data stability, and area are evaluated.

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Jagodzińska, Katarzyna, Stanisław Dziura, and Maciej Walkowiak. "Active Impedance Matching." Solid State Phenomena 210 (October 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.210.3.

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Electrically small antenna suffer from the high Q impedance such as narrow bandwidth and poor gain. To improve them, passive impedance matching is often used but it is restricted to a Bode-Fano limit. To skip it, active matching incorporating non-Foster circuits can provide a good solution. Using non-Foster theory, in this paper an active reactance circuit (ARC) design is proposed for application to electrically small antenna prototypes.

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11

Usmanov, E. G. "Stability in a parallel resonant circuit with active load." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601160.

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This article examines the stability of excited oscillations in resonant circuits in order to determine the possibility of their application to control thyristors in the function of changing the input voltage value. In resonant circuits connected to a voltage source with a low internal resistance, the occurrence of stable oscillations depends significantly on the value of the parameters of the circuit under consideration.

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Styslo, Bohdan, Roman Zaitsev, Kseniia Minakova, Mykhailo Kirichenko, and Oleksandr Eresko. "ANALYSIS OF BATTERIES ACTIVE BALANCE SCHEMES EFFICIENCY." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 2(8) (June 15, 2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2021.02.06.

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The paper reviews the existing circuit solutions of devices for balancing electric batteries. The balancing principle on the basis of capacitive and inductive buffer elements has been described. It was shown the features of their work and the basic calculations for each device type. For circuits with transformer topology, the calculated values for determining the balancing current are indicated. Based on the circuit solutions analysis, the efficiency of using solutions based on inductive buffer elements is numerically determined and proved. Powerful batteries for power supply systems are used in the form of stacks, consisting of a series-parallel connection of single cells. During their operation, there is a problem of uneven discharge or charge, to compensate which it is necessary to make voltage levels balancing in the stack batteries. For safely using electrochemical batteries the using of specialized balancing devices is required. The most efficient, from an energy point of view, are active balancing systems. The analysis of the mathematical model of two types (capacitive and inductive) buffer elements operation allowed to give a qualitative assessment of their efficiency. The first, in comparison with inductive - not only have worse energy characteristics, but also do not allow to perform "scaling" of the device without significant complication of the control system. The current amplitude value in circuits with a capacitive buffer element is limited only by the internal parasitic resistances of the circuit elements, therefore, with a relatively large value of imbalance, in circuit elements (including batteries) takes place a significant energy loss in the form of heat which negatively effects on rechargeable battery parameters. The current amplitude value in the circuit based on inductive buffer elements is limited by the inductance value. It can be calculated at the device design stage. In addition, providing the control system with intermittent converter operation allows to reduce switching losses in the circuit power switches and increases the overall operation efficiency. With a large number of batteries (more than three) should be preferred transformer balancing systems, as a special case of inductive topology.

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13

Zhang, Shao Hua. "Study and Design of PFC Circuit of LED Driver Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3001.

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Based on the full analysis of the LED drive power of active and passive (PFC) circuit, the active and passive (PFC) circuits of the LED drive power are performed a detailed analysis, and the types, series and mode of the PFC circuit are also described in detail, the working principles of the valley fill circuit and APFC boost converter are mainly analyzed. Based on those studies, an APFC circuit is given by the use of L6562A and a simple application of APFC circuit presented.

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14

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, Abdulrahman Khalaf Al-Ali, Sami Saud Buhalim, and Syed Tauseef Ahmed. "Digitally Programmable Partially Active-R Sinusoidal Oscillators." Active and Passive Electronic Components 17, no. 2 (1994): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/23230.

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New, simple sinusoidal oscillator circuits are proposed. Each circuit uses an internally compensated operational amplifier, a resistor, and a capacitor. The feasibility of obtaining digitally programmable sinusoidal oscillation is studied and a new digitally programmable capacitorless resistorless sinusoidal oscillator is developed.

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15

Paul, T. K., S. Roy, and R. R. Pal. "Realization of Inverse Active Filters Using Single Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.47766.

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The authors introduce a new single current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) based inverse filter configuration. By appropriate selection of admittances, different inverse filter circuits like inverse high-pass (IHP) circuit, inverse low-pass (ILP) circuit, inverse band-reject (IBR) circuit and inverse band-pass (IBP) circuit can be realized from the same configuration. The capacitors used here are grounded/virtually grounded for all the realizations. The performances of the proposed filters have been judged by using CMOS structure of CDBA with TSMC 0.35 µm technology as well as by using the available IC of current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) i.e. AD844 based CDBA. The simulation results agreed well with the theoretical results. Monte-Carlo simulation has also been performed to check the robustness of the proposed configuration.

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Paul, T. K., S. Roy, and R. R. Pal. "Realization of Inverse Active Filters Using Single Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.47766.

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The authors introduce a new single current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) based inverse filter configuration. By appropriate selection of admittances, different inverse filter circuits like inverse high-pass (IHP) circuit, inverse low-pass (ILP) circuit, inverse band-reject (IBR) circuit and inverse band-pass (IBP) circuit can be realized from the same configuration. The capacitors used here are grounded/virtually grounded for all the realizations. The performances of the proposed filters have been judged by using CMOS structure of CDBA with TSMC 0.35 µm technology as well as by using the available IC of current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) i.e. AD844 based CDBA. The simulation results agreed well with the theoretical results. Monte-Carlo simulation has also been performed to check the robustness of the proposed configuration.

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17

Hess, Dean. "Ventilator Circuits, Humidification and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia." Canadian Respiratory Journal 3, no. 6 (1996): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/972402.

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Technical issues in the care of mechanically ventilated patients include those related to the ventilator circuit, humidification and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Principal issues related to ventilator circuits include leaks and compression volume. Circuit compression volume affects delivered tidal volume as well as measurements of auto-positive end-expiratory pressure and mixed expiredPCO2. Resistance through the ventilator circuit contributes to patient-ventilator dyssynchrony during assisted modes of mechanical ventilation. Adequate humidification of inspired gas is necessary to prevent heat and moisture loss. Common methods of humidification of inspired gas during mechanical ventilation include use of active heated humidifiers and passive artificial noses. Artificial noses are less effective than active humidifiers and are best suited to short term use. With active humidifiers, the circuit can be heated to avoid condensate formation. However, care must be exercised when heated circuits are used to avoid delivery of a low relative humidity and subsequent drying of secretions in the artificial airway. Although pneumonia is a complication of mechanical ventilation, these pneumonias are usually the result of aspiration of pharyngeal secretions and are seldom related to the ventilator circuit. Ventilator circuits do not need to be changed more frequently than weekly for infection control purposes, and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be greater with more frequent circuit changes.

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Agrawal, D., and S. Maheshwari. "An Active-C Current-Mode Universal First-Order Filter and Oscillator." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 13 (January 30, 2019): 1950219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502190.

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This paper presents an electronically tunable current-mode first-order universal filter. The proposed circuit employs only a single Extra-X Current-Controlled Conveyor (EX-CCCII) and a single grounded capacitor, which is suitable for IC implementation. The circuit can realize three current transfer functions simultaneously, namely low-pass, high-pass and all-pass. The proposed circuit exhibits low-input and high-output impedance, which is suitable for cascading. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically tuned, by varying the bias current of EX-CCCII. The nonidealities and parasitic effects on the circuit performance are investigated in detail. Also, the Monte Carlo analysis is done to show the effect of active and passive element mismatches on the pole frequency. An eight-phase current-mode sinusoidal oscillator and current-mode second-order filter are further realized using the proposed circuit. The functionality of the proposed circuits is verified through PSPICE simulations, using 0.25-[Formula: see text]m TSMC CMOS technology parameters.

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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "Programmable Current-Mode Universal Active Filters Employing Current Conveyors." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 3 (1998): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/80984.

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Novel current-mode active filter circuits using current-conveyors are presented. The proposed circuits can realize all standard second-order filter functions. The circuits enjoy high output impedances and can, therefore, be easily cascaded to produce higher order filters. Moreover, the realized filter function can be easily programmed using at most a 13-bit digital number without changing the circuit topology.

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20

Grib, Alexandru, Zoltan Erdei, Mihaela Cristina Turcu, Alina Constantin, and Mihai Iordache. "Using Pathological Elements in Analog Circuit Analysis and Simulation." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2020-0006.

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Abstract This paper is focused on some kind of mystery circuit nullator, nullor, current mirror, and voltage mirror, all of them known as pathological elements. These pathological elements can be used to perform circuit modelling, symbolic circuit analysis, circuit synthesis, circuit design and to develop applications that involve modern active devices. It is described a new modeling of nullor-based active devices from the circuit abstraction level. In this paper it is presented the way all types of equations which describe the circuit containing nullors can be directly formulated from the diagrams of these circuits if we took into account that a nullator is an over-determined two-port circuit element (zero voltage, zero current) and the norator is an undetermined two-port circuit element (any voltage and any current). To simulate the nullors with ideal voltage controlled voltage sources, ec = Ac_c uc, with the control gate an ideal independent current source, jC = 0.0 A and with the amplification (transfer) factor Ac_C very big (theoretically ∞), the analog circuits with nullors can be analyzed by using any of the existing simulation software. By this way, it was possible the elaboration of efficient algorithms for an automatic formulation of Kirchhoff’s equations, of loop equations, of modified nodal equations and of state equations for circuits with pathological elements. These procedures can be easily implemented in dedicated programs for the simulations of the complex analog circuits with pathological elements. The example presented in this paper validates the presented models for nullors.

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21

SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "ACTIVE CIRCULATOR CIRCUITS USING OA, CCII, CFOA AND DVCC." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 04 (June 2009): 629–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126609005162.

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A review of the two types of circulators using Operational Amplifiers (OA) with detailed comparison is given. Novel active circulator circuits using Current Conveyors (CCII) and Current Feedback Operational Amplifiers (CFOA) and Differential Voltage Current Conveyor (DVCC) are introduced. The proposed CCII circulator circuit uses six CCIIs and three floating resistors. Two different circulator types using the CFOA are given. A circulator circuit which uses three DVCCs and has the advantage of using three grounded resistors is also introduced. Spice simulation results using 0.5 μm CMOS transistors are included to support the theoretical analysis and demonstrate comparisons among the different types of circulators.

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Mao, Qi Bo. "Control of Structural Vibration Using Shunt Piezoelectric Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.3.

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In this study, structural vibration control using semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping circuits is presented. A piezoelectric patch with an electrical shunt circuit is bonded to a base structure. When the structure vibrates, the piezoelectric patch strains and transforms the mechanical energy of the structure into electrical energy, which can be effectively dissipated by the shunt circuit. Hence, the shunt circuit acts as a means of extracting mechanical energy from the base structure. In this study, a pulse-switching circuit is imposed as the semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping to reduce the structural vibration. The switch-law for the pulse-switching circuit is discussed in detail, and the detailed numerical calculations are given and discussed. It is found that the pulse-switching circuit is more stable than passive piezoelectric circuit (such as RL series circuit) with regard to structural stiffness variations.

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23

Bulacio, M. F., T. A. González, G. Marinelli, R. Alonso, and H. E. Tacca. "Power-Integrated Circuit Active Leakage Current Detector." Advances in Power Electronics 2012 (May 29, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/270680.

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Most of the failures of induction motors become insulation faults, causing a permanent damage. Using differential current transformers, a system capable of insulation fault detection was developed, based on the differential relay protection scheme. Both signal injection and fault detection circuitry were integrated in a single chip. The proposed scheme is faster than other existing protection and not restricted to protect induction motors, but several other devices (such as IGBTs) and systems. This paper explains the principle of operation of fault protection scheme and analyzes an integrated implementation through simulations and experimental results. A power-integrated circuit (PIC) implementation is presented.

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24

Pandey, Rajeshwari, Neeta Pandey, Mayank Bothra, and Sajal K. Paul. "Operational Transresistance Amplifier-Based Multiphase Sinusoidal Oscillators." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/586853.

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Multiphase sinusoidal oscillator circuits are presented which utilize Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) as the active element. The first circuit producesnodd-phase oscillations of equal amplitudes and equally spaced in phase. The second circuit is capable of producingnodd- or even- phase oscillations equally spaced in phase. An alternative approach is discussed in the third circuit, which utilizes a single-phase tunable oscillator circuit which is used to inject signals into a phase shifter circuits. An automatic gain control (AGC) circuit has been implemented for the second and third circuit. The circuits are simple to realize and have a low component count. PSPICE simulations have been given to verify the theoretical analysis. The experimental outcome corroborates the theoretical propositions and simulated results.

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Xiong, Li, Xinguo Zhang, Sufen Teng, Liwan Qi, and Peijin Zhang. "Detecting Weak Signals by Using Memristor-Involved Chua’s Circuit and Verification in Experimental Platform." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 13 (October 2020): 2050193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812742050193x.

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Since the traditional detection methods cannot accurately detect, determine and extract weak signals, the extreme sensitivity of chaotic systems to initial values is used for weak signal detection using a memristor-based chaotic system. Then, in order to find out all kinds of static nonlinear circuits suitable for Chua’s circuit with identical parameters, a comparative research platform is designed to generate five kinds of nonlinearity by taking advantage of the active short-circuit line method using the memristor-involved chaotic Chua’s circuit. The comparative research platform consists of three parts: a linear circuit unit, multiple nonlinear static function circuits and a nonlinear characteristic curve measurement unit connected by an electronic switch. By pressing the space bar, the switch between the active short-circuit line and the physical short-circuit line can be realized. The diffeomorphism between them is proved by comparing the memristive nonlinearity shape and the trilinear amplitude limiting the nonlinearity in the chaotic systems. Accordingly, hardware circuit experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the comparative research platform with various nonlinearity for Chua’s circuit. A good agreement is shown between the numerical simulations and the experimental results.

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Chaturvedi, Bhartendu, and Sudhanshu Maheshwari. "Single Active Element Based Cascadable Band-Pass Filters for Low-Q Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 05 (April 8, 2015): 1550075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500759.

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The paper presents new single active element based second order band pass filters. The new circuits use single dual-X current conveyor with buffered output and five passive components. The proposed circuits enjoy the features of high input impedance and low output impedance, which are desirable features for voltage-mode circuits. Circuit operation at high frequencies are verified along with non-ideality and parasitic study. The Monte Carlo analysis is also done which justify good sensitivity performances of the proposed circuits. Routh–Hurwitz's stability test is performed to verify the stability of the proposed circuits. For showing the integration aspect, resistorless band-pass filters are also realized. The proposed low-Q filters are useful for cascading. The feature of cascadability is further utilized by showing an application of fourth-order band-pass filter. The performances of the proposed circuits are depicted through Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (PSPICE) simulations, which show good agreement to theoretical applications. The new circuits are expected to enhance the already existing knowledge on the subject.

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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Husain Abdullah Al-zaher. "Versatile Active Biquad Using FTFNs." Active and Passive Electronic Components 20, no. 4 (1998): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/75075.

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A universal active biquad using the four-terminal floating nullors (FTFNs) is presented. The propsed circuit uses two FTFNs, three capacitors and two resistors. The proposed circuit has three input voltages and can simultaneously provide a high-impedance output current and/or an output voltage. Without changing the circuit topology, the output voltage can realise lowpass, highpass, bandpass, notch and allpass transfer functions and the output current can realise bandpass and highpass transfer functions. The proposed circuit enjoys low active and passive sensitivities and independent control of the parametersωoandω0/Q0.

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Liang, Junrui. "Synchronized bias-flip interface circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesting enhancement: A general model and prospects." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16642535.

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Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) systems, as a kind of electromechanically coupled system, are composed of two essential parts: the piezoelectric structure and the power conditioning interface circuit. Previous studies have shown that the energy harvesting capability of a piezoelectric generator can be greatly enhanced by up to several hundred percent by using synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) interface circuits, the most extensively investigated family of synchronized bias-flip interface circuits. After SSHI, some other bias-flip circuit topologies, which utilize active approaches for PEH enhancement, have been proposed sporadically. Yet, how active is active enough for harvesting as much energy as possible was not clear. This paper answers this question through the generalization and derivation of existing bias-flip solutions. The study starts by analyzing the energy flow in existing featured interface circuits, including the standard energy harvesting (bridge rectifier) circuit, parallel-SSHI, series-SSHI, pre-biasing/energy injection/energy investment scheme, etc. A synchronized multiple bias-flip (SMBF) model, which generalizes the bias-flip control and summarizes the energy details in these circuits, is then proposed. Based on the topological and mathematical abstraction, the optimal bias-flip (OBF) strategy towards maximum harvesting capability is derived. A case study on the series synchronized double bias-flip (S-S2BF) circuit shows that the potential of the PEH interface circuits can be fully released by using the OBF strategy. The proposed SMBF model and OBF strategy set the theoretical foundation and provide a new insight for future circuit innovations towards more powerful PEH systems.

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29

Wu, Xianming, and Yigang He. "A Systematic Design Method for 3-D Grid Multiscroll Chaotic Attractors and Its Circuit Implementation Employing CFOAs." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 25, no. 03 (March 2015): 1550041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127415500418.

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A systematic design method for 3-D grid multiscroll chaotic attractors by using staircase nonlinear functions (SNFs) is proposed in this paper. Equations of parameters for 3-D grid multiscroll chaotic attractors are derived in the consideration of the dynamic range for the active device and the number of multiscroll chaotic attractors. 5 × 4 and 4 × 3 of 3-D grid multiscroll chaotic attractors are generated by this method. A chaotic circuit is designed only using current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs). The circuit consists of three integrators and two nonlinear circuits. The parameters of the circuit are calculated by the parameters of 3-D grid multiscroll chaotic attractors. The circuit can generate 3-D grid multiscroll chaotic attractors. The central frequency of the circuit is higher with fewer active devices and simpler circuit construction for the good frequency characteristic and port characteristic of the CFOA. Numerical simulation results and the circuit simulation results show that the method is feasible and the designed circuit is correct.

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Davies, T. H. "Circuit actions attributable to active couplings." Mechanism and Machine Theory 30, no. 7 (October 1995): 1001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-114x(95)00022-q.

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31

Molchanov, Pavlo, Arun K. Mishra, Helen Linnik, and Pavlo Mulyar. "Active Components Based on Dynamic Negatrons." Active and Passive Electronic Components 23, no. 1 (2000): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/apec.23.25.

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The active elements based on dynamic transistor negatrons (circuits with negative active differential resistance) are introduced. The principles of dynamic transistor negatrons simulation has been developed on the basis of non-linear charge model. Parameters, which characterize non-linear mode of dynamic transistor negatrons, are derived. Nonlinear equivalent circuit and Volterra series are used to calculate parameters of negatrons. Particular attention is devoted to the frequency mixers and frequency switches. An experimental frequency mixer has been described, that has confirms the theoretical predictions.

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Abuelma'Atti, Muhammad Taher. "Digitally Programmable Active-R Function Generator." Active and Passive Electronic Components 17, no. 1 (1994): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/14974.

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A new digitally programmable active-R function generator circuit is presented. The circuit uses four operational amplifiers, two operational transconductance amplifiers, and resistors. The circuit can provide sinusoidal, square, and triangular waves with digitally programmable frequency. The frequency is linearly proportional With the digital input.

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33

Kang, Rui, Yixuan Lin, Yuexin Wang, Hao Wu, Minghe Wu, and Baohua Teng. "A pedagogical case on active learning regarding to Kirchhoff's circuit laws." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 56, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918795581.

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Kirchhoff’s circuit laws are important basic concepts in many basic disciplines, such as electricity and circuitry. However, in the usual teaching process, teachers often teach this knowledge using some simple examples of analysis and calculation but without deep discussions. As a result, students could not have a deep understanding about these concepts or not apply the concepts on actual problems flexibly. Therefore, passive learning habits are formed. The lack of self-exploration awareness and comprehensive ability would result in a poor learning effect. This paper designs a specific application scene of Kirchhoff’s circuit laws using a multi-channel resistor network. With this application, students can construct the knowledge system autonomously, find the problems proactively, solve the problems timely, and combine the research-based autonomous learning with extracurricular open mutual learning; so, their active learning ability will be promoted to a large extent. Compared with the past teaching methods, this pedagogical case highlights the following advantages of active learning. Firstly, it highlights the process of guiding students to study the object from a small-scale resistor network to a complex and large-scale multi-channel resistor network. Secondly, it embodies the concrete application of calculus knowledge in various basic courses with the help of perfect mathematical deduction. Thirdly, it exercises students’ programming ability by using MATLAB to numerically simulate theoretical results. Finally, this case practices students’ hands-on experimental ability by constructing real resistor circuits and verifying the theory and simulation results. In addition, we get good feedback from students on the teaching effect through the questionnaire survey.

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SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE TOW–THOMAS BIQUADRATIC FILTER PART II: OTRA, CCII, AND DVCC REALIZATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 05 (October 2008): 797–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004691.

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The realization of the Tow–Thomas (TT) circuit using the Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) is reviewed. The circuit employs two OTRA, and all passive elements are floating as the original Tow–Thomas circuit. The Current Conveyor (CCII) TT circuits are reviewed next. The progress in the realization of the TT circuit using CCII is demonstrated clearly by summarizing eight different circuits. One of the circuits has the advantage of very high input impedance using all grounded resistors and capacitors. The Differential Voltage Current Conveyor (DVCC) as the active building block in realizing the TT circuit is also considered. Finally, current mode TT circuits using balanced output CCII are summarized. Top Spice (level 49), simulation results using technology SCN 05 feature size 0.5 μm from MOSIS vendor: AGILENT are included to demonstrate the magnitude and phase frequency response of the TT circuits. Additional simulation results for the total power dissipation, total harmonic distortion, intermodulation IM3, input and output referred noise spectral densities are also included for comparison purposes.

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35

Shcherba, А. А., N. I. Suprunovska, and D. S. Ivashchenko. "PROBABILISTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPACITOR CHARGE CIRCUIT WITH STOCHASTIC ACTIVE RESISTANCE." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2018, no. 6 (October 25, 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2018.06.014.

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36

Roh, Yong-Seong, and Changsik Yoo. "A Continuous Conduction mode/Critical Conduction Mode Active Power Factor Correction Circuit with Input Voltage Sensor-less Control." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 50, no. 8 (August 15, 2013): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieek.2013.50.8.151.

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37

Liu, L., S. Liu, and M. Popov. "Optimized algorithm of active injection circuit to calibrate DC circuit breaker." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 103 (December 2018): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.05.020.

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38

Samadaei, Emad, Mina Iranian, Mohammad Rezanejad, Radu Godina, and Edris Pouresmaeil. "Single-Phase Active Power Harmonics Filter by Op-Amp Circuits and Power Electronics Devices." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 4406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124406.

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This paper introduces a new structure for single-phase Active Power Harmonics Filter (APHF) with the simple and low-cost controller to eliminate harmonics and its side effects on low voltage grid. The proposed APHF includes an accurate harmonic detector circuit, amplifier circuit to trap tiny harmonics, switching driver circuit for precise synchronization, and inverter to create injection current waveform, which is extracted from reference signal. The control circuits are based on electrostatic devices consist of Op-Amp circuits. Fast dynamic, simplicity, low cost, and small size are the main features of Op-Amp circuits that are used in the proposed topology. The aim is removing the all grid harmonic orders in which the proposed APF injects an appropriate current into the grid in parallel way. The proposed control system is smart enough to compensate all range of current harmonics. A prototype is implemented in the power electronics laboratory and it is installed as parallel on a distorted grid by the non-linear load (15 APeak-Peak) to verify the compensating of harmonics. The harmonics are compensated from THD% = 24.48 to THD% = 2.86 and the non-sinusoidal waveform is renovated to sinusoidal waveform by the proposed APHF. The experimental results show a good accurate and high-quality performance.

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39

Han, Yang, Liu, and Yang. "An Active Direct Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit in Continuous Current Mode for Series Connected Batteries." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 3978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203978.

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Bi-directional cell-to-cell balancing circuits can well prevent voltage imbalance of batteries that are connected in series. However, it is a challenge to achieve high equalization speed and equalization efficiency with low complex circuit structure. In order to overcome this challenge, it is proposed that a direct bi-directional cell-to-cell active equalization method that works in continuous current mode (CCM) is used. The proposed balancing circuit allows energy to transfer directly from the source cell to the target cell in one step, which guarantees high balancing speed and efficiency. The experiments in which six-20 Ah lithium-ion batteries are connected in series have been carried out, and the results show that the balancing circuit achieves a good comprehensive performance of equalization in efficiency, speed, and circuit complexity.

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40

NICODIMUS, R. A. "Active Shield Circuit for Digital Noise Suppression in Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E88-A, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e88-a.2.438.

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41

Chang, Jing, Yan Fang Feng, and Wei Feng Li. "Active Low Pass Filter Design Based on Chaos Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3822.

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The circuit in this paper is an effective solution to interference and noise of input signal during data acquisition and the circuit designed is based on an active low pass circuit with output frequency from 0~100Hz. The low pass circuit consisted mainly of an OPAMP TL084. Chaos theory is applied in this active nonlinear filter.The designed circuit is analysed by Matlab simulation software and the simulation results show the method can effectively improve effects of the filtering circuit.

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42

Chen, Xin Fa, Yujuan Si, Yi Zhao, and Shi Yong Liu. "A New AC-Driving Method for Active-Matrix OLED Displays." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1901.

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The lifetime of organic light-emitting devices can be influenced by the OLED material and structure, electrode material, driving mode and so on. Among all these factors, OLED driving method has been regarded as one of the most important factors, and it is well known that ac-driving mode improves the lifetime of OLED, especially pulse-driving mode with a reversed-biased voltage on OLED. In this article, a new ac-driving mode for Active-Matrix OLED is proposed on basic fabrication of two-TFT current source pixel circuit. Simulation has been done on the pixel and 1×4 matrix circuits, and simulation results have demonstrated that OLED is in reversed-biased state during recovery time. At last, a practical peripheral circuit that can provide achieve an ac-driving mode has been designed.

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43

Malmqvist, R., C. Samuelsson, A. Gustafsson, P. Rantakari, S. Reyaz, T. Vähä-Heikkilä, A. Rydberg, J. Varis, D. Smith, and R. Baggen. "A K-Band RF-MEMS-Enabled Reconfigurable and Multifunctional Low-Noise Amplifier Hybrid Circuit." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/284767.

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A K-band (18–26.5 GHz) RF-MEMS-enabled reconfigurable and multifunctional dual-path LNA hybrid circuit (optimised for lowest/highest possible noise figure/linearity, resp.) is presented, together with its subcircuit parts. The two MEMS-switched low-NF (higher gain) and high-linearity (lower gain) LNA circuits (paths) present 16.0 dB/8.2 dB, 2.8 dB/4.9 dB and 15 dBm/20 dBm of small-signal gain, noise figure, and 1 dB compression point at 24 GHz, respectively. Compared with the two (fixed) LNA subcircuits used within this design, the MEMS-switched LNA circuit functions show minimum 0.6–1.3 dB higher NF together with similar values ofP1 dBat 18–25 GHz. The gain of one LNA circuit path is reduced by 25–30 dB when the MEMS switch and active circuitry used within in the same switching branch are switched off to select the other LNA path and minimise power consumption.

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44

B.T., Prashant Singh, Babu Bobba Phaneendra, and K. Suresh. "Extensive review on Supercapacitor cell voltage balancing." E3S Web of Conferences 87 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198701010.

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This paper explains about the supercapacitor cell voltage balancing circuits by comparing different topologies with regard to parameters like cost, balancing time, weight of the components used and control of switches. The advantage of supercapacitor over battery made to overcome weight and faster responding source problems. In supercapacitor bank cell voltages differ from each other which effects the performance of the device. Passive circuits consume power from cell for balancing but active circuits consume power from source. Many topologies are considered in this paper for different ratings and with different components. Balancing circuit is selected based upon total number of components in the balancing circuit, many components make circuit less reliable, complex and also increase the cost for balancing.

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45

KOKSAL, M., M. SAGBAS, and H. SEDEF. "AN ELECTRONICALLY TUNABLE OSCILLATOR USING A SINGLE ACTIVE DEVICE AND TWO CAPACITORS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 05 (October 2008): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004642.

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A novel resistorless oscillator is presented. The proposed structure enjoys electronic tunability property with minimum number of active and passive components. This oscillator uses a current-mode (CM) active device and has properties of current mode circuits. The validity of the proposed circuit is verified by experimental results.

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46

Kinsht, Nikolay V., and Natalia N. Petrun’ko. "A Way to Chips Diagnosis by Short Circuits." Advanced Materials Research 918 (April 2014): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.918.307.

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The various formulations of the technical diagnostics problem are possible when creation and use of analog circuits. One approach allows deviation a sufficiently large set of the elements parameters. The results of this diagnosis can be used to improve the technology of analog circuits or predict their behavior depending on the time of exposure or destabilizing factors. The power sources (current sources and emf) commonly used as a testing influence on circuit in realization test diagnosis. A short circuit approach of the testing experiments organization with active analog circuits with partly inaccessible nodes is considered.

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47

Vogt, I., T. Nakamura, and C. Boit. "Optical interaction in active analog circuit elements." Microelectronics Reliability 76-77 (September 2017): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2017.07.075.

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48

Esser, B., and D. Huston. "Active mass damping of electronic circuit boards." Journal of Sound and Vibration 277, no. 1-2 (October 2004): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2003.11.055.

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49

Abuelma'atti, M. T., and M. K. Aiyad. "Chaos in an autonomous active-R circuit." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 42, no. 1 (1995): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.350790.

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50

Salama, K., and A. E. Gamal. "Analysis of active pixel sensor readout circuit." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 50, no. 7 (July 2003): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2003.813977.

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