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1
Perniola, Mario, and Christine Piot. "Religion et esthétique : la contemplation active." Ligeia N°29-32, no. 1 (1999): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lige.029.0098.
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Lingner, Christian. "Toward a Holistic Contemplative Vision:." Lumen et Vita 10, no. 1 (2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/lv.v10i1.11971.
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Ignatian spirituality is characterized by an emphasis on contemplation as a means of discernment, an approach that highlights the unity of the interior and ethical dimensions of the Christian life. Yet Ignatius’ Spiritual Exercises are also defined by the modus operandi of the contemplative method outlined therein, one that highlights the imagination’s role in a receptive and interactive engagement with the person of Christ as depicted in the Gospels. Though 20th century German Catholic philosopher Josef Pieper is most commonly associated with his popular works on Aquinas and the cardinal virtues, there is a contemplative undercurrent throughout his writing that corresponds with the thought of St. Ignatius of Loyola. Pieper defines contemplation as “a visual perception prompted by loving acceptance,” stressing both the receptive posture of the individual but also the intrinsic pairing of contemplation and ethics in an active response of embracing existence. Much as Ignatius believes the imagination, the inner capacity that links creativity and memory in an individual, to be pertinent to spiritual development, so Pieper asserts that an imaginative representation of Being through the creation of art and participation in communal worship proceeds from love and cultivates the individual’s capacity to perceive lovingly.
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Katz, Steven T. "Mysticism and Ethics in Western Mystical Traditions." Religious Studies 28, no. 3 (1992): 407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500021752.
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Having considered the role of ethics in Indian mystical teachings in a previous, related, essay I would like to consider the same question in its western religious contexts in the present paper, beginning with the Christian mystical tradition. As is the case with Asian traditions charges of moral unconcern are widely directed at Christian mystics, but they are false. Christian mystics are not indifferent to morality nor do they disconnect morality from an intrinsic relationship to their mystical quest. Augustine would already teach that the story of Leah and Rachel was an instructive allegory in which the active life represented by Leah was intrinsic to the contemplative life represented by Rachel while Gregory the Great would unambiguously assert: ‘We ascend to the heights of contemplation by the steps of the active life’, defining the active life as: ‘to dispense to all what they need and to provide those entrusted to us with the means of subsistence’. These representative early samples of the salience of ethical behaviour to the life of contemplation could be multiplied at great length, and almost without exception in the teaching of the major Christian mystics. This historical exegetical exercise, however, is in the present circumstances, both out of place and I hope unnecessary. Instead, the more general, more enigmatic, more repercussive, issues raised by the place and significance of morality within the Christian mystical tradition need attending to.
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Prior, David. "Organ of Corti: A Listening Device." Leonardo Music Journal 22 (December 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj_a_00094.
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Berria, Juliane, Davi Monteiro Teixeira, Giseli Minatto, and Edio Luiz Petroski. "Stages of Behavior Change for physical activity and associated factors among technicaladministrative servers of a federal university." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 18, no. 4 (2016): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p471.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p471 The benefits that the regular practice of physical activity (PA) provides to health and its importance in preventing and fighting chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the Stages of Behavior Change (SBC) for PA among technicaladministrative servers and its association with sociodemographic and health risk factors. This cross-sectional study investigated 622 technical-administrative servers (337 women) from a Brazilian federal university. SBC for PA, sociodemographic information (gender, age, marital status and educational level) and health risk factors (inadequate eating habits, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, commuting and PA at work) were collected through questionnaires. Multinomial regression with adjustment for the hierarchical level was applied and significance level of 5% was adopted. The distribution of technical-administrative servers in SBC for PA identified prevalence of 9.1% and 6.5% in the pre-contemplation stage, 24.6% and 33.5% in contemplation, 33.3% and 22 6% in preparation, 5.6% and 12.2% in action and 27.4% and 25.2% in maintenance stages between men and women, respectively. Lower odds ratio of being in the preparation stage was identified among women (OR=0.62; CI95%=0.41; 0.93) while those with inadequate eating habits were more odds to be in the “pre-contemplation + contemplation” (OR=2.77; CI95%=1.85; 4.15) and preparation stages (OR=1.75; CI95%=1.12; 2.70). Over 60% of technical-administrative servers are insufficiently active (pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation stages) and factors associated with SBC were female sex and inadequate eating habits.
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Pelegrini, Andreia, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Herton Xavier Corseuil, João Marcos Ferreira de Lima Silva, and Edio Luiz Petroski. "Stages of change in physical activity-related behavior in adolescents from a Brazilian state capital." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 19, no. 4 (2013): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742013000400015.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the stages of change in physical activity-related behavior (EMCRAF) and their association with gender and age. A total of 1108 high school students of both sexes, from Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, took part in this study. A questionnaire was used to assess EMCRAF. A higher proportion of boys were in the maintenance stage (48.1%) and a higher proportion of girls were in contemplation (24.7%) and pre-contemplation (6.4%) stages. Gender factor male and age range 17-18 were protective factors, which increased the likelihood of physically active behavior. Girls aged 17-18 were twice as likely to be in the contemplation stage than boys. It is important to expand knowledge about EMCRAF in adolescents and their associations with gender and age because a considerable number of behaviors established during this period of life can last into adulthood.
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Andrade, Bernardo Portilho. "Freedom and Praxis in Plotinus’s Ennead 6.8.1-6." Revista Archai, no. 30 (October 4, 2020): e03031. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1984-249x_30_31.
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In this paper, I argue that Plotinus does not limit the sphere of free human agency simply to intellectual contemplation, but rather extends it all the way to human praxis. Plotinus’s goal in the first six chapters of Ennead 6.8 is, accordingly, to demarcate the space of freedom within human practical actions. He ultimately concludes that our external actions are free whenever they actualize, in unhindered fashion, the moral principles derived from intellectual contemplation. This raises the question of how the freedom of practical actions might relate to the freedom of intellectual contemplation. After considering two previously offered models – a model of double activity, and an Aristotelian model of practical syllogism – I offer a third alternative, namely a model of moral attunement, according to which our rational desires assume a kind of ‘care of the soul’ through active supervision. Practical life is thus imbued with freedom to the extent that the soul supervises its actions to conform to its will and choice of the good.
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Oliveira, Jacilene Guedes de, João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa, Breno Quintella Farah, et al. "Stages of health behavior change and factors associated with physical activity in patients with intermittent claudication." Einstein (São Paulo) 10, no. 4 (2012): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082012000400005.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze, in people with intermittent claudication, the frequency of individuals who are in each of stages of health behavior change to practice physical activity, and analyze the association of these stages with the walking capacity. METHODS: We recruited 150 patients with intermittent claudication treated at a tertiary center, being included those >30-year-old-individuals and who had ankle-arm index <0.90. We obtained socio-demographic information, presence of comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors and stages of health behavior change to practice physical activity through a questionnaire, they being pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Moreover, the walking capacity was measured in a treadmill test (Gardner protocol). RESULTS: Most individuals were in the maintenance stage (42.7%), however, when the stages of health behavior change were categorized into active (action and maintenance) and inactive (pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation),51.3% of the individuals were classified as inactive behavior. There was no association between stages of health behavior change, sociodemographic factors and cardiovascular risk factors. However, patients with intermittent claudication who had lower total walking distance were three times more likely to have inactive behavior. CONCLUSION: Most patients with intermittent claudication showed an inactive behavior and, in this population, lower walking capacity was associated with this behavior.
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Viviers, Hendrik. "GARDENS AS “PARTNERS” IN CONTEMPLATION: READING THE STORIES OF THE FIRST EDEN (GENESIS 2–3) AND A RESTORED EDEN (SONG OF SONGS) THROUGH THE LENS OF ATTENTION RESTORATION THEORY." Journal for Semitics 25, no. 1 (2017): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2542.
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It is well known that gardens have always been inspiring for great thinkers of the past, for instance Greek and Roman philosophers, Confucian thinkers, Desiderius Erasmus, Isaac Newton and Arnold Toynbee, to name but a few. Why is this so? Attention Restoration Theory, developed by environmental psychologists Stephen and Rachel Kaplan, explains how both wild (e.g., reserves) and cultivated nature (e.g., parks, gardens) can assist in replenishing our cognitive and emotional coping capacities, and uplift us. Nature is not only a setting but an active agent/“partner” in sustaining human well-being, inter alia when contemplating or reflecting on the meaning of life. In order to achieve this the human/nature relationship needs to meet the properties of “being away”, “compatibility”, “‘soft’ fascination” and “extent”. Shining the light of these insights on two “Edens” in the Old Testament, the one lost (Gen 2–3) and the other revived (Song of Songs), nature’s role in evoking contemplation especially, whether on human fate or human delight, will be highlighted.
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André, Nathalie, and Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla. "Are Barriers the Same Whether I Want to Start or Maintain Exercise? A Narrative Review on Healthy Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (2020): 6247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176247.
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To help older adults begin or adhere to regular physical exercise, several studies have endeavored to identify barriers to active behavior. However, there is a lack of information about barriers for active older people. In addition, most of the reviews of the literature compare only active people to inactive or sedentary people without examining in detail the barriers with respect to the degree of commitment to behavioral change. Finally, there is no consistency in the results of studies investigating the effects of barriers on the relationship between stages of change and exercise behavior. The first aim of this narrative review is to compare barriers that affect exercise stages of change from those that affect levels of exercise behavior in a healthy older population and the factors that can lead to relapse or dropout; the second aim is to identify the extent to which barriers hinder the relationships between stages of change and exercise behaviors. The results showed that barriers are well identified in sedentary people and in the first two stages of change (pre-contemplation and contemplation) compared to active seniors and other stages of change (preparation, action and maintenance). Consistency between the formulations of the different stages in comparison with the transtheoretical model and the definition of barriers and the limitations of measuring physical activity in the different studies are discussed. Finally, novel perspectives of research are proposed to address the flaws in the reviewed studies.
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Sakane, Naoki, Yoshitake Oshima, Kazuhiko Kotani, et al. "Impact of telephone support programme using telemonitoring on stage of change towards healthy eating and active exercise in people with prediabetes." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 27, no. 5 (2021): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x211010981.
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Introduction This study evaluated the impact of a telephone support programme with telemonitoring on changes in healthy eating and active exercise in adults with prediabetes using the stage of change framework. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis using data from the Japan Diabetes Outcome Trial-1. A total of 2607 participants aged 20–65 years with impaired fasting glucose were recruited from the workplace/community in Japan and randomized to a one year telephone support programme intervention arm ( n = 1240) or self-directed control arm ( n = 1367). Participants in both arms received monthly data feedback from a weight scale and pedometer. The main outcome measure was the stages of change toward healthy eating and active exercise. The secondary outcome was fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Results After the one year intervention, the adjusted odds ratio of progressing to the action/maintenance stage in the intervention vs. control arm for healthy eating was 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.43; p < 0.001), but that for active exercise was 1.07 (95% CI 0.99–1.15; p = 0.062). The intervention decreased FPG levels in participants in the contemplation stage, but not in the precontemplation, preparation and action/maintenance stages. Discussion These findings suggest that the telephone support programme by healthcare providers advanced the stage of changes toward healthy eating in people with prediabetes. In particular, it decreased FPG levels in the contemplation stage.
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Wang, Yiqun. "Bodily Contemplation: On the Question of the Truth of the Perception of Physical Objects in Chinese Landscape Painting." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 25, no. 2 (2021): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2021-25-2-298-310.
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This article analyzes the views of representatives of the scientific community on ancient Chinese landscape painting, emphasis is mainly placed on views that concern the spiritual qualities of landscape painting, as well as rethinking concepts that ignore the significance of sensual perception. Landscape painting is usually considered as a spiritual work of Taoism: landscape painting developed from Taoist thought, Taoist philosophy determined the identity of the artistic style and the inherent spirit of landscape painting. Moreover, some researchers even believe that bodily contemplation of landscape painting means setting the very original nature of mountains and waters, and the "knowledge of the truth" is a spiritual process that is more blocked by the human capacity for sensual perception. Some of the scientists completely deny the possibility and truth of sensual perception of physical objects in landscape painting. The author of this article believes that the spiritual component of landscape painting lurks precisely in the value of sensual perception, and bodily contemplation of mountains and waters is impossible without the participation of the body, clear confirmation of which we find in the ancient Chinese theory of arts. Ancient Chinese works of art traditionally had a close connection with sensual perception through bodily contemplation. This process is not simply about capturing object information, but when the subject takes an active part in the vision of the object, when the subject gives feedback to the object, and through acquiring the object its meaning is transmitted. Only through bodily contemplation, the individual can fully feel the artistic value of landscape painting, and Taoist philosophy thus gains a real existence in landscape painting, becoming a kind of emotional thinking.
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Stamatellos, Giannis. "Virtue and Hexis in Plotinus." International Journal of the Platonic Tradition 9, no. 2 (2015): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725473-12341312.
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The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of ἕξις in Plotinus’ virtue ethics. It is argued that since ἕξις signifies a quality of being in a permanent state of possession and virtue is defined as an ἕξις that intellectualizes the soul, therefore, it is suggested that virtue is an active ἕξις of the soul directed higher to the intelligible world in permanent contemplation of the Forms.
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Ricardo, Luiza, Airton Rombaldi, Daniele Kopp, Rodrigo Ferreira, Pedro Hallal, and Mario Azevedo. "Stages of Change for physical activity after a school-based intervention: a cross-sectional study." Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde 20, no. 6 (2016): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.20n6p569.
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The present study aimed to identify factors associated with the Stages of Change (SoC) for physical activity among adolescents who participated in a school-based health promotion intervention. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 8,071 students whose average age was 13.9 (SD ± 2.4) years. To evaluate the SoC, an adaptation of the questionnaire proposed by Dumith, Domingues and Gigante (2009) was used, considering physical activities performed at least three times per week during 20 minutes. Data collection was carried out from October to November 2013 through self-administered questionnaires in the classroom. The prevalence of students in each stage was: 12.1% in the Pre-contemplation stage, 7.7% Contemplation, 16.8% Preparation, 21.8% Action and 41.6% in the Maintenance stage. Males were more associated with the stages of Action (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.54; p = 0.006) and Maintenance (RR 3.57, 95% CI 3.02-4.23; p <0.001) compared to females. Economic level and knowledge about health showed a direct relationship to the Action and Maintenance stages. A large portion of the sample was located in active stages. Being male, being in lower school grades and having a higher index of assets were associated with higher SoC. Knowledge about physical activity and health was directly related to the Preparation, Action and Maintenance stages, pointing to a positive effect on intention or active behavior.
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Ribeiro, Robespierre QC, and Luciana Alves. "Comparison of two school-based programmes for health behaviour change: the Belo Horizonte Heart Study randomized trial." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 6 (2013): 1195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000189.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of two school-based programmes to promote students’ willingness to engage in lifestyle changes related to eating habits and physical activity behaviours.DesignElementary school-based health promotion intervention, designed as a multicomponent experimental study, based on a behavioural epidemiological model.SettingNine intervention and eight comparative public and private elementary schools.SubjectsThe goal was to determine the impact on the longitudinally assessed outcomes of two programmes that addressed healthy nutrition and active living in a cohort of 2038 children. The evaluations used pre-intervention and follow-up student surveys that were based on the Transtheoretical Model of the stages of behaviour change.ResultsIn the intervention group, there were significant (P < 0·001) differences between the pre- and post-intervention times in the stages of change, with a reduction in the percentage of children at the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages and increased percentages at the preparation, action and maintenance stages, leading to healthier behaviours in fatty food consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and time spent in sedentary activities. The determinants of the behaviour stage were the intervention programme, the type of school and the presence of motivated teachers. The comparison group did not show significant differences between the pre- and post-intervention times for any of the stages of behaviour.ConclusionsThe intervention programme encouraged the students to make healthy lifestyle choices related to eating habits and physical activity behaviours.
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LaVere, Suzanne. "From Contemplation to Action: The Role of the Active Life in the "Glossa ordinaria" on the Song of Songs." Speculum 82, no. 1 (2007): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713400005595.
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Golovko, Vyacheslav M. "The Dichotomy of the Contemplative and Active Attitude to the World in I. S. Turgenev." Проблемы исторической поэтики 27, no. 1 (2020): 211–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2020.7662.
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<p>The subject of scientific reflection is the contemplation and action as ways of the human attitude to the world, existence, substantiated and accomplished in the ontology of human life by I.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Turgenev, thinker and artist. The presence of a &ldquo;thought&rdquo; and &ldquo;will&rdquo;, consciousness and action, knowledge and transformation is considered by the writer as a fundamental characteristic of the human way of existence, which becomes the semantic core of the philosophical and anthropological concept of the article-speech &ldquo;Hamlet and Don Quixote&rdquo; (1860), fundamental for the research on Turgenev's creative work at the level of historical poetics. The activity approach to the person, strengthened at the turn of the classical and non-classical stages of development of philosophical thought,&nbsp;&mdash; the time of formation of Turgenev&rsquo;s world outlook, explains converging of the points of opposite &ldquo;native types&rdquo;, their transition from the ideal existence into the real one, their equally weighted opposition to the &ldquo;evil and lies&rdquo;. As a result, according to Turgenev's view the images of Hamlet and Don Quixote come together on the ground of &ldquo;worship to the Truth&rdquo; and the &ldquo;idea of high merits&rdquo; of the individual, in which the human &ldquo;nature&rdquo; and &ldquo;quintessence&rdquo; are objectified. Therefore, the analysis of the hamletian and don-quijotian types could be carried out by Turgenev just within the universal socio-cosmic lay of the interrelation of the opposites inherent in centripetal and centrifugal natural forces and their tendency to synthesis. The &ldquo;tragic aspect of human life&rdquo; engendered by the inaccessibility of such synthesis may be overcome by means of comprehension of the Truth, the &ldquo;true meaning of nature&rdquo;. Moreover, Turgenev&rsquo;s ontological idea of the &ldquo;Conciliation and absorbtion of everything existing in the other&rdquo;, argued at the attitudinal and aesthetic levels, is the basis for the definition of the meaning of human life. This meaning is found in the balance between the content of all human life and the world, society, other people in the name of the &ldquo;ideal&rdquo;, establishment of the truth and justice. Hence, contemplation and action as forms of a morally responsible attitude to life in Turgenev&rsquo;s artistic ontology are directly related to the problem of &ldquo;high levels&rdquo; and quality of human existence.</p>
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Vella, Daniel. "The Ludic Muse: The Form of Games as Art." CounterText 2, no. 1 (2016): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2016.0040.
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Taking as its basis Nancy's essay ‘Why Are There Several Arts And Not Just One?’, this paper makes a case for understanding games as constituting art works bearing a specifically ludic form. It draws on aesthetic theory and philosophy – particularly Kant, Heidegger, Gadamer, and Nancy – in order to theorise the particular aesthetic potential inherent to this form, and the challenges it poses to existing concepts of art and aesthetic engagement. The paper will argue that the player's relation to a game, in contrast to the aesthetic relation as theorised in post-Kantian aesthetics, invokes an active, purposive disposition – and, moreover, that it is this active, purposive disposition itself that is brought forth into presentation by the ludic work. The conclusion reached is that the ludic aesthetic work establishes a gameworld as a sphere of existential praxis for the player, within which she lives a being-in-the-gameworld, which, in being inscribed into the unity of the game as an object distinct from the player, is itself externalised as an object of her aesthetic contemplation.
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Nakamura, Priscila Missaki, Camila Bosquiero Papini, Inaian Pignatti Teixeira, et al. "Concordance between Stages of Behavior Change Questionnaire and IPAQ." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 19, no. 4 (2013): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742013000400016.
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A low rate of physical activity (PA) participation is observed worldwide. The identification of feasible and reliable instruments able to accurately measuring PA and help in the development of interventions to promote PA are necessary. This study aimed to analyze the concordance between the Stages of Behavior Change Questionnaire (SBCQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ long-version) in assessing adult leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). A total of 1.588 adults completed the IPAQ to assess LTPA and the participants who performed more than 10 min/week were classified in active individuals. Using the SBCQ, active individuals were those classified in the action or maintenance stage and inactive individuals were those classified in the precontemplation, contemplation or preparation stage. The concordance between SBCQ and IPAQ was found to be 0.80. Separated by gender, it was observed a concordance between the two instruments of 0.82 for women, and 0.77 for men. Regarding age group, it was found to be 0.81 for young and middle-aged adults, and 0.77 for older people. The SBCQ presented a very good concordance with IPAQ to assess LTPA.
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Heise-von der Lippe, Anya. "Histories of Futures Past: Dystopian Fiction and the Historical Impulse." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 66, no. 4 (2018): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2018-0035.
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Abstract This article traces the historical impulse in two intertextually connected dystopian texts – George Orwell’s 1984 (1949) and Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) – by reading the two novels in the context of the construction of historical narrative after the proclaimed ‘end of history’ in the twentieth century. It considers their representation of history within the framework of literary criticism of the historical novel (György Lukács), critical dystopias (Tom Moylan), and memory as an active, mediated engagement with the past (Astrid Erll and Ann Rigney). It looks, more specifically, at how the texts contrast personal experience and the meta-narrative contemplation of memory with institutionalized versions of history on different diegetic levels by juxtaposing the narrators’/focalizers’ view of history with that presented in the framework of pseudo-historical appendices that accompany and significantly modify the interpretations of both narratives.
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Pichler, Nadir Antonio, and Talia Castilhos de Oliveira. "Contemplative life as an ideal of blessing in Thomas Aquinas’ moral philosophy." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 80, no. 316 (2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v80i316.2056.
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The purpose of the text is to describe and analyze the contemplative life as an ideal of beatitude in the moral philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. By assimilating, remodeling and criticizing the ancient and medieval philosophical-theological tradition, Thomas structures an original and complex synthesis, immersing itself in the essence of the divine nature through knowledge and in the human soul through the contemplative life, and from there to erect the pillars of an ontology theocentric, where God is the supreme good and promoter of human happiness, the first principle of all reality. From him comes the world, man and all creatures, and everything tends to return to its essence, in a special the man. For this reason, God is the alpha and omega, propitiator of the deepest beatitude. The text is organized into four items: the context of beatitude, the excellence of the intellectual soul by the activity of the contemplative life, the reasons for the contemplative life and the comparison between the active and the contemplative life. Síntese: O objetivo do texto é descrever e analisar a vida contemplativa como ideal de beatitude na filosofia moral de Tomás de Aquino. Assimilando, remodelando e criticando a tradição filosófico-teológica antiga a medieval, Tomás estrutura uma síntese original e complexa, mergulhando na essencia da natureza divina pelo conhecimento e na alma humana pela vida contemplativa, para, a partir daí, erigir os pilares de uma ontologia teocentrica, onde Deus é o bem supremo e promotor da felicidade humana, o primeiro princípio de toda a realidade. Dele procede o mundo, o homem e todas as criaturas, e tudo tende a retornar a sua essencia, de modo especial, o homem. Por isso, Deus é o alfa e o ômega, propiciador da mais profunda beatitude. O texto está organizado em quatro itens: Contexto da beatitude, a excelência da alma intelectiva pela atividade da vida contemplativa, as razoes da vida contemplativa e a comparaçao entre a vida ativa e a contemplativa.Palavras-chave: Beatitude; Vida contemplativa; Filosofia moral; Tomás de Aquino; Deus.
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Ryan, Marie-Laure. "Narrative mapping as cognitive activity and as active participation in storyworlds." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 4, no. 2 (2018): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2018-0020.
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AbstractEver the devil’s advocate, Richard Walsh argues in a 2017 article that drawing maps based on narrative fiction is a meaningless activity, because (1) narrative cognition is temporal and not spatial; (2) narrative fiction does not project worlds in any experiential sense of the term (i. e. worlds as immersive environments) but only “worlds” as textual constructs, as products of écriture; and (3) reading should lead to meaningful interpretations, and inferences should be limited by a principle of relevance. His example of futile map-making is the floor plan which is included in the English editions of Alain Robbe-Grillet’s La Jalousie but is absent from the original French edition. In this article, I argue that narrative cognition is not a specialized ability distinct from the forms of cognition that we use in practical life, but rather, the product of these abilities; and I defend the validity of narrative mapping as way to engage the imagination with – yes – a storyworld. This is not to say that narrative understanding requires the drawing or mental contemplation of a comprehensive representation of the storyworld; usually the formation of partial mental maps is sufficient to follow the plot. But for some readers (among them Nabokov) drawing graphic maps is a way to engage the imagination with the storyworld and to enhance comprehension. This map-making activity can go far beyond making sense of the text and become an autonomous activity comparable to writing fan fiction. To support this view, I invoke the numerous maps found on the Internet for narratives ranging from Proust’s A la recherche du temps perdu to Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings. While the strictly “textualist” aesthetics of orthodox literary theory would regard these maps as frivolous, a world-oriented approach regards the urge to map and diagram as a legitimate form of active participation in narrative, because, while you can imagine too little to appreciate these texts, you cannot imagine too much.
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Goggin, Noreen L., and James R. Morrow. "Physical Activity Behaviors of Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 9, no. 1 (2001): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.9.1.58.
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The purpose of this study was to determine older adults’ physical activity behaviors and stage of readiness for physical activity. Data were collected on 403 American adults over the age of 60. Of these participants, 206 were aged 61–70 and 197 were over the age of 70. Participants first provided information regarding their perceptions of the benefits of physical activity. Then questions were asked to determine their stage of readiness for physical activity (i.e., precontemplation, contemplation, etc.). Results indicated that older adults are aware of the health benefits of physical activity (89%), but 69% of them are not participating in sufficient physical activity to obtain such benefits. Physical activity involvement decreases with increased age, and older men tend to be more physically active than older women. Increased knowledge about the benefits of physical activity and one’s stage of readiness for it might help increase the number of older adults who engage in sufficient physical activity.
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Kokoszka, Andrzej. "An Integrated Model of the Main States of Consciousness." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 7, no. 3 (1988): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2b3u-fj1x-xc5w-6mrv.
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This model of the main states of consciousness synthesizes interdisciplinary data. It describes and differentiates four main states of consciousness: “ordinary waking states of consciousness,” “differentiated waking states of consciousness” – including “ultraconsciousness states,” “REM sleep” and “slow-wave sleep.” Each state is described along the following dimensions: sleep – wakefulness, rhythm and rest – activity rhythm; activity of the hypnogenic and activating physiological system; brain hemispheric activity; the threshold of the extero- and interoceptive stimuli reception; perceptual dominance of stimuli from external or internal sources; activity-vividness of imagination; degree of rational feeling of experiences; changing one's experience of control over the content and form of one's own experiences; active or passive state of mind – changing dominance of either contemplation or action; feed-back relation with the surroundings. This model together with the conception of metabolism of information and the conception of protective mechanisms of metabolism of information suggest a perspective for a new description of human activity, especially of relaxation and resting activity.
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Đurić, Larisa, Maja Milanović, Nataša Milošević, and Nataša Milić. "New pharmaceuticals: The importance of serendipity." Medicinski casopis 54, no. 4 (2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mckg54-28546.
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The key elements of serendipity are luck and contemplation. The discovery process includes the recognition of the finding potential based on knowledge and experience. Serendipitous discoveries are common in biomedical sciences. A significant number of pharmaceuticals is the result of serendipity. Drugs belonging to antimicrobial agents, central nervous system active substances as well as antitumor agents, gained great benefit from serendipity conditions. Besides in the traditional, irrational approach in the drug design, serendipitous discoveries have also played role in modern strategies, such as the drug repositioning and the development of multi-target antitumor agents. Serendipitous drugs discoveries can be classified as laboratory or clinical ones, depending on the drug development stage and the circumstances under which the combination of unforeseen events, the knowledge and skills of the researcher occurred. The discovery of a new drug is impossible without outstanding science as well as the dedication, freedom, and open-mindedness of the researcher to act, think, take a risk, and challenge dogmas.
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Wang (王頌), Song. "The Prevalence of Huayan-Chan 華嚴禪 Buddhism in the Regions of Northern China during the 11th Century". Journal of Chan Buddhism 1, № 1-2 (2020): 146–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25897179-12340005.
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Abstract In the 11th century, the dissemination of Buddhism in the territories of Northern Song 北宋 dynasty (960–1127) China, Khitan 契丹 Liao 遼 (907/916–1125), and Xixia 西夏 (Tangut 党項, 1038–1227) kingdoms each reached a peak. What united the learned peoples of these three kingdoms in terms of religious and intellectual development was the comparatively widespread study and adoption of the teachings of Huayan Buddhism, or studies of and commentaries to the translations of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra into Chinese in 60-, 80-, and 40-rolls (Huayan jing 華嚴經, esp. T nos. 278, 279, 293). In this article I address some of my earlier research concerning two treatises composed by Bensong 本嵩 (active ca. 1083–1085), the Huayan guan tongxuan ji 華嚴觀通玄記 (Record of the Profundities of Total Meditative Insight [or Contemplation] of the Gaṇḍavyūha chapter of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra Flower Garland Sūtra) and Fajie guan sanshimen song 法界觀三十門頌 (Verses Praising the Thirty Contemplative Approaches or Gates presented in the Gaṇḍavyūha Chapter on Entry into the Realm of Reality), among other examples from the period, to illustrate how these Huayan teachings were actually the product of Huayan and Chan Buddhist ideological frameworks, which fruitfully can be called Huayan-Chan. In order to demonstrate why the rubric ‘Huayan-Chan’ can be productive, I examine a range of commentarial Buddhist texts in Chinese to show who the patriarchs of Huayan-Chan were considered to be during the 11th century across the ethnically and linguistically diverse region of Northern China, and bring to the fore what some of these key teachings were. My main goal is to present the specific circumstances within which Huayan-Chan developed within the three kingdoms of Northern Song China, the Khitan Liao, and the Tangut Xixia.
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Marcus, Bess H., Stephen W. Banspach, R. Craig Lefebvre, Joseph S. Rossi, Richard A. Carleton, and David B. Abrams. "Using the Stages of Change Model to Increase the Adoption of Physical Activity among Community Participants." American Journal of Health Promotion 6, no. 6 (1992): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-6.6.424.
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Purpose. This study examined the use of the stages of change model to design an exercise intervention for community volunteers. Design. The “Imagine Action” campaign was a community-wide event incorporating the involvement of local worksites and community agencies. Community members registering for the campaign were enrolled in a six-week intervention program designed to encourage participation in physical activity. Subjects. Six hundred and ten adults aged 18 to 82 years old enrolled in the program. Seventy-seven percent of the participants were female and the average age was 41.8 years (SD = 13.8). Setting. The campaign was conducted in a city with a population of approximately 72,000 and was promoted throughout community worksites, area schools, organizations, and local media channels. Measures. One question designed to assess current stage of exercise adoption was included on the campaign registration form as were questions about subject name, address, telephone number, birthdate, and gender. Intervention. The intervention included written materials designed to encourage participants to initiate or increase physical activity, a resource manual describing activity options in the community, and weekly “fun walks” and “activity nights.” Results. A Stuart-Maxwell test for correlated proportions revealed that subjects were significantly more active after the six-week intervention. Sixty-two percent of participants in Contemplation became more active while 61 % in Preparation became more active. Conclusions. Most participants increased their stage of exercise adoption during the six-week intervention. This study provides preliminary support for use of the stages of change model in designing exercise interventions.
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Mukaffa, Zumrotul. "The Era of Uncertainty and Ethical Arrangement in Javanese Classical Texts: Disseminating Ranggawarsita’s Works as Source of Islamic Ethics in Islamic Higher Education." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 56, no. 2 (2018): 461–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2018.562.461-493.
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This paper investigates the era of uncertainty and ethical arrangement formulated in the Javanese classical text written by Ranggawarsita. Most of his works, especially Serat Kalatidha, Serat Sabdapranawa, and Serat Sabdatama, situated in the era of uncertainty and moved to the era of zaman edan (crazy age), kalabendhu (age of anger), owah or pakewuh (bizar time). Social structure in this era tied to unethical behavior. Elite communities were lacking of self- representation as a good example, meanwhile the communities were ignoring public advisability. To set free from uncertainty condition is possible through implementing four ethical doctrines in the social life, namely: Monotheistic behavior, active submission to God’s predestination, self-contemplation, and eling lan waspada (self-awareness and mindfulness). The dynamic of nationhood today is almost reflecting the age of kalabendhu, and therefore it is necessary to do dissemination and transformation of ethical doctrines in the Islamic Higher Education by using the doctrine as a source of subject of Islamic Ethic. The need of dissemination is because academia in the Islamic Higher Education is an integral part of uncertain social structure.
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Sojka, Stanisław. "Przedchrześcijańskie "actio" i "contemplatio" a "vita activa" i "vita contemplativa" u św. Grzegorza Wielkiego." Vox Patrum 10 (June 15, 1986): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.10462.
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Kim, Eun Hee. "A Brief Contemplation on the Western Missionaries’ Perspective on Chinese Languages through their Records who were active in China during the Ming and the Qing Dynasty." EASTERN CLASSIC STUDIES 39 (August 31, 2018): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25086/hsdy.2018.39.101.
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Wang, Siyi. "Museum as a Sensory Space: A Discussion of Communication Effect of Multi-Senses in Taizhou Museum." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073061.
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Museums are much more than repositories of cultural relics to be preserved for the future. They are centers of learning, community centers, social hubs—even places of healing and contemplation. The museum experience is a multilayered journey that is proprioceptive, sensory, aesthetic and social. In this context, this study takes the case of the ‘People at the Seashore’ multisensory area in the folk exhibition of Taizhou Museum, applies three data collection techniques (questionnaire, in-depth interview and observation) to assess various types of experiences (object, cognitive, social and introspective) and effects (visceral, cognitive and emotional) in the museum, and analyzes the practical effect and relative merits of the multisensory approaches used in this exhibition through the lens of communication effect. Accordingly, multi-senses acquire creative significances upon the attractive and holding power of museum exhibitions, specifically the emotional relevance and resonances. Thus, museums should be more concerned with the connection and complex interaction between senses and experience, meanwhile be active with visual, auditory, olfactory, taste and proprioceptive experiences and engage in the potential impact on visitors from cognitive and emotional aspects, which is an important trend for the museum’s future development and also the vision of this study.
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Weller, Sarah, Maria Spillane, Phil Pollock, et al. "Implementation of an exercise behavior change clinic for men with prostate cancer: Baseline results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 5_suppl (2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.169.
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169 Background: Regular physical activity (PA) and resistance training (RT) has been shown to improve the health of prostate cancer survivors (PCS), however participation rates are low. To address survivorship needs and support behaviour change, the Prostate Cancer Supportive Care (PCSC) program implemented an Exercise Physiology (EP) clinic using one-on-one exercise counselling. Our objective was to understand the PA and RT characteristics of PCS and examine the effect of an EP clinic on behaviour change. Methods: After enrolment in the PCSC program, PCS were offered a consultation with an Exercise Physiologist. Subsequent consultations occurred at 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical data collected at each consultation included physical measures, stage of change (TTM), current exercise (GLTEQ and exercise summary), fatigue (FACIT Fatigue and SIFIR), barriers and facilitators to exercise and a safety screening (PAR-Q+). Information was used during the EP clinic to set PA goals and create an action plan for behaviour change, reviewed each visit. Results: 71 PCS, median age 67 (range 50-86) attended the EP clinic between July 2015 and August 2016. 76% had received primary treatment and 24% were on active surveillance. At first consultation, 63% had an at-risk health profile, with an average BMI of 27kg/m2 (overweight), average waist circumference of 102.6cm (high) and insufficient PA, with only 15% meeting both PA and RT guidelines (150 mins moderate-to-vigorous PA and 2 RT sessions weekly). Average reported fatigue was moderate (4/10 on SIFIR). Stage of change (TTM) showed 44% of PCS at pre-contemplation, contemplation or preparation stages and 54% at action or maintenance stages. Self-reported barriers to exercise included lack of time (24%), laziness (19.7%) and fatigue (18%), while exercising with a spouse/friend/team was the main facilitator to exercise (16.9%). Conclusions: The baseline PA and RT levels of EP clinic PCS is similar to population norms in that the majority of PCS are not meeting current guidelines. Our results demonstrate that the implementation of an EP clinic is feasible. Future follow-up of this cohort will evaluate whether the program creates sustainable PA behaviour change in PCS.
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McNair, Bruce G. "Cristoforo Landino and Coluccio Salutati on the Best Life." Renaissance Quarterly 47, no. 4 (1994): 747–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2863215.
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An Important Issue in the study of fifteenth-century Florentine humanism is whether or not later Quattrocento humanists advocate a withdrawal from public life and abandon the “civic” humanism of Salutati, Bruni, and the early Quattrocento humanists. There is no lack of studies on this question using the categories of vita activa and vita contemplativa. In broad terms, the early fifteenthcentury Florentine humanists, reacting against the medieval scholastic world view, are seen as advocating the supremacy of the vita activa though still valuing the vita contemplativa, while the midfifteenth- century humanists, under the influence of the Medici and Marsilio Ficino's Platonic studies, are considered to have reversed the earlier emphasis on the “civic” outlook for the supremacy of the contemplative life and a withdrawal from public affairs.
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Pires de Oliveira, Angelo Antonio. "The introduction of the moral psychology in the ergon argument." Rónai – Revista de Estudos Clássicos e Tradutórios 8, no. 2 (2020): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2318-3446.2020.v8.32068.
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In this paper, I discuss in detail one of the first conclusions drawn by Aristotle in the ergon argument. The paper provides an in-depth approach to Nicomachean Ethics’ lines 1098a3-4, where one reads: “λείπεται δὴ πρακτική τις τοῦ λόγον ἔχοντος”. I divide the discussion into two parts. In the first part, I put under scrutiny how one should take the word “πρακτική” and argue that one should avoid taking this word as meaning “practical” in the passage. I will argue in favor of taking it as meaning “active”. The exegetical inconvenience of taking “πρακτική” as meaning “practical” is the fact that it restricts the results achieved in the ergon argument by excluding the possibility of contemplation being considered a eudaimon life. In the second part, I discuss the expression “λόγον ἔχον” and provide some arguments to take it as preliminarily introducing the criterion of division of the virtues that will be spelled out in EN I.13 so that the λόγον-ἔχον part of the soul here also makes reference to the virtue of the non-rational part, i.e., virtue of character. I offer a deflationary view by showing that the moral psychology is developed in EN I.7 within the limits imposed by the ergon argument.
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Diaconescu, Liliana Veronica, Iuliana Raluca Gheorghe, Tamara Cheşcheş, and Ovidiu Popa-Velea. "Psychological Variables Associated with HPV Vaccination Intent in Romanian Academic Settings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 8938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178938.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) the female medical students’ knowledge about HPV infection; (2) the associations between the HPV vaccination intent and coping strategies, health locus of control (HLOC), and sense of coherence; and (3) the specific differences between preclinical and clinical students in terms of the vaccination intent. Participants included 1243 female medicine students (mean age = 21.526, SD = 2.007), who completed The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC)—Form A, the Brief COPE Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and two questionnaires measuring the knowledge about the HPV infection and the HPV vaccination intent. Results show a good knowledge about HPV, which progressively increased during the study cycles. Still, the main contributors to vaccination intent are represented by coping strategies and health locus of control. Refusal of vaccination is associated to behavioral disengagement and the use of religion, precontemplation and contemplation to denial, and preparation to planning, positive reframing, and the powerful others component of HLOC. Sense of coherence did not predict vaccination intent. In clinical years, active coping outweighs HLOC in making the decision to get vaccinated. These results could be helpful in designing personalized strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy in academic communities.
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Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen, Nanna Voldner, and Kari Bø. "Stages of Change Model for Participation in Physical Activity during Pregnancy." Journal of Pregnancy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/193170.
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Background. The transtheoretical model (TTM) has been successful in promoting health behavioral change in the general population. However, there is a scant knowledge about physical activity in relation to the TTM during pregnancy. Hence, the aims of the present study were (1) to assess readiness to become or stay physically active according to the TTM and (2) to compare background and health variables across the TTM.Methods. Healthy pregnant women (n=467) were allocated to the study from Oslo University Hospital, Norway. The participants filled in a validated self-administered questionnaire, physical activity pregnancy questionnaire (PAPQ) in gestation, weeks 32–36. The questionnaire contained 53 questions with one particular question addressing the TTM and the five stages: (1) precontemplation stage, (2) contemplation stage, (3) preparation stage, (4) action stage, and (5) maintenance stage.Results. More than half of the participants (53%) were involved in regular exercise (stages 4-5); however, only six specified that they had recently started an exercise program (stage 4). About 33% reported engaging in some physical activity, but not regularly (stage 3). The results showed that receiving advice from health professionals to exercise during pregnancy increased the likeliness of being in stages 4-5, while higher age, multiparity, pregravid overweight, unhealthy eating habits, pelvic girdle pain, and urinary incontinence were more prevalent with low readiness to change exercise habits (stages 1–3).Conclusion. According to the TTM, more than half of the participants reported to be physically active. Moreover, most of the participants classified as inactive showed a high motivational readiness or intention to increase their physical activity level. Hence, pregnancy may be a window of opportunity for the establishment of long-term physical activity habits.
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Medeiros, Vasco. "THE METAMORPHOSIS OF SELF(IE)-PORTRAIT: BETWEEN THE SUBLIME AND THE BANAL." ARTis ON, no. 10 (December 29, 2020): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37935/aion.v0i10.277.
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The analogy between the myth of Narcissus, referred to as the intrinsic symbol of painting by Leon Battista Alberti; the typological value of self-portrait as an ontological and statutory reference; its value while metamorphosis of reality; and the self-representative phenomenon that Selfi e translates – all this has to be established and requires due consideration. When dwelling on the contemporary Selfi e we need to consider also the salvifi c dimension of this kind of self-representation mechanisms that have always been there. The value of image while self-awareness mechanism compels us to question the fi eld of action where it is far more active – on social media. Its immanence is a true narcissistic affl iction. The intrinsic and immediate value of image thus overlaps sign and word. The mechanisms of self-contemplation thus produced translate into a clear ontological impoverishment of reality. The Selfi e does not prevent the subject’s Kafkian metamorphosis, but renders reality vulgar, making it acceptable through both similarity and integration. Self-portrait and Selfi e are thus the ancestral mechanisms of self-preservation. Its origin derives from narcissistic mechanisms that require a continuous desire to stand out socially. However, while the pictorial self-portrait translates into epistemic valuation of its author, Selfi e delights in the vulgarization of the repetitive and banal gesture.
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Keller-Lapp, Heidi. "Les Guerrières de Dieu in the French Ursuline Missionary Archives." Journal of Early Modern History 21, no. 1-2 (2017): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342537.
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Marie de l’Incarnation’s letters and mission reports advanced a particular ideotype of the Ursuline missionary as “warrior of God” and were received and disseminated as exempla in several seventeenth-century French religious texts. One of these was an anthology entitled La Gloire de Ste. Ursule (The Glory of St. Ursula) (1656), a collection of summaries of French Ursuline spiritual biographies, including those from New France, authored by an unknown Jesuit. Like other biographical texts on the continent, La Gloire promoted a revised narrative of the Ursuline lineage from contemplatives in action to “guerrières de Dieu (warriors of God)”: saintly warriors armed with heroic virtues in their combined mission of interior contemplation and active apostolate at the frontiers of local, national, and Atlantic catholicity. According to La Gloire, these femmes fortes, Amazons, Canadoises, and spiritual warriors were both mystics devoted to their interior spiritual battles and monastic discipline and christianizing and civilizing teachers, preachers, missionaries and defenders of a reformed, united, transnational Catholicism, as counterparts to their Jesuit associates. This article reveals how narratives created or revised in the French Atlantic World were received and disseminated for religio-political purposes on the continent. It illuminates the communication network between metropole and periphery and demonstrates how narratives from New France functioned in the historical context of mid-to-late seventeenth-century France.
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Biggs, Regina. "Course management strategies for first time online instructors." Innovations in Teaching & Learning Conference Proceedings 8 (July 15, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.13021/g8t604.
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The presentation examines the practice of teacher presence from students’ perspectives. It is based upon a comparison of student feedback from the first and second fully online deliveries of a required course entitled, Education Law. While a review of the literature reveals that teacher presence is created through degrees of active engagement, instructors new to online teaching may misinterpret learners’ perceptions of what constitutes an acceptable degree of presence. Student feedback, from the first delivery, suggested the expectation for teacher presence was higher because the course design featured a number of collaborative, project based learning activities. Instructional planning that gives balanced attention to content mastery and course management by reframing the functions of the instructor’s role will assure that learners’ enthusiasm and engagement are not casualties of the context. A review of the course evaluations from the Summer 2015 semester revealed that an intentional contemplation of communication variables including timing, interpersonal and inter-group messaging must be purposefully planned to minimize the potential for confusion. This suggests changes for the Summer 2016 semester, including the use of proactive course management strategies to increase student satisfaction, facilitate the display of metacognition, and extend creative problem solving skills to authentic applications. Faculty will learn about how the initiation of these changes in course management impact students’ perceptions of teacher presence.
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Gulnaz, Fahmeeda. "Fostering Saudi EFL Learners’ Communicative, Collaborative and Critical Thinking Skills Through the Technique of In-Class Debate." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 5 (2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p265.
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Diverse learning styles of the learners require instructors to utilize wide variety of instructional strategies to engage their interest and motivation. In-class debate is a systematic instructional strategy utilized to bring the dynamics of social life into the classroom to cultivate learners&rsquo; active-involvement in the content of the subject. It hones learners&rsquo; range of skills, such as; oral-communication, social-interaction, critical thinking skills and internalization of the course content. For the purposes of present study, the researcher utilized qualitative cum quantitative research tools to collect the data from the participants. An opinionnaire with 14 items was developed with closed ended questions. The instrument was designed to measure four variables, which are tabulated into four sections (See tables 3-6): (a) in-class debate inculcates learners&rsquo; collaborative, communicative and cooperative paradigms;(b) it triggers learners&rsquo; complete mastery of the course content, i.e., retention, assimilation and understanding, coupled with boosts stack of skills involved in the process; (c) it fosters EFL learners&rsquo; ability to critically evaluate and analyze everything; and (d) finally it focuses on learners&rsquo; creative and critical thinking skills and make them active and independent pursuers of knowledge. The survey was administered to 87 female EFL learners of Taif University to identify the impacts of debate on their range of academic skills. The findings of the study indicate that in-class debate effectively generates learners&rsquo; several skills since it targets their thinking skill, contemplation, reflection and ultimately stimulates their productive, receptive, analytical and critical thinking skills. Yet, more faculties can be activated and maximum results can be obtained, if this interactive strategy is implemented in a structured format with a properly designed rubric focusing on learners&rsquo; specific skills.
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Chera, Ian. "Una mirada nietzscheana: la república de los hombres geniales frente a la república de los doctos." Acheronta, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/ach.043623.
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<p>En el presente artículo se pretende abordar la caracterización que formula el filósofo alemán Friedrich Nietzsche de la vita contemplativa en la antigüedad trágica (&lt;&lt;república de los hombres geniales&gt;&gt;), en contraposición a la irrupción de la vita activa en la modernidad, con respecto al desenvolvimiento de las instituciones educativas de su época (&lt;&lt;república de los doctos&gt;&gt;). A manera de hipótesis, se plantea que la oposición entre la vita contemplativa y la vida activa debe su procedencia a la distinción entre ocio (otium) y negocio (nec otium).</p><p>Siguiendo por este rumbo, se hace palpable que el modo de vida del contemplativo es una expresión de un orden social que se sustentaba en privilegiar a una casta en detrimento de la mayoría de la población. Según el filósofo alemán, en la antigüedad, las guerras y las penurias quedaban redimidas en la obra de los genios. Teniendo su punto más álgido en la Grecia trágica con los filósofos preplatónicos.<br />En contrapartida, el predominio de la vida activa en la modernidad rebajó al hombre contemplativo al nivel de un obrero o un funcionario, con el fin de que estos rindieran culto al mercado o al estado, de modo tal que no representen una amenaza. La figura que encarna tal proceso es el docto. Para el pensador alemán, esto significó la pérdida del sentido aristocrático de la educación que predominaba en las sociedades hasta ese momento.</p><p> </p>
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Nieuwenhove, Rik Van. ""Recipientes per contemplationem, tradentes per actionem": The Relation between the Active and Contemplative Lives according to Thomas Aquinas." Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review 81, no. 1 (2017): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tho.2017.0000.
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Kimsza, Radosław. "Actio and contemplatio – two wings of the apostolate blessed Bolesława M. Lament." Studia Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeskie 25 (2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/skk.2018.25-06.
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Stahlschmidt, Lorin, Susanne Grothus, Donnamay Brown, Boris Zernikow, and Julia Wager. "Readiness to Change among Adolescents with Chronic Pain and Their Parents: Is the German Version of the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire a Useful Tool?" Children 7, no. 5 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7050042.
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The Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ) measures patients’ willingness to engage in active self-management of their pain. The present study aimed to create validated German short versions of the PSOCQ for adolescents (PSOCQ-A) and their parents (PSOCQ-P). Additionally, an investigation of stages of change regarding pain characteristics and treatment outcomes was undertaken. In Study 1, the data of adolescents aged 11 to 18 years and their parents were collected prior to intake (N = 501) and at admission (N = 240) to specialist inpatient pain treatment. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated a poor fit of the full PSOCQ measures prior to intake, but an acceptable fit at admission. Short PSOCQ-A and PSOCQ-P versions were identified. In Study 2, these results were cross-validated with data from an additional N = 150 patients and their parents, collected during and 3 months after interdisciplinary inpatient pain treatment. Model fits for both short versions were acceptable, although low internal consistency for the PSOCQ-A Precontemplation and Contemplation subscales was identified. During treatment, both patients’ and their parents’ readiness to change increased. Stage of change at discharge did not predict treatment non-response 3 months later. This study indicates that the PSOCQ is neither meaningful prior to admission nor predictive of non-response to treatment. While some value may exist in monitoring treatment progress, based on the results of this study, it is not recommended that the PSOCQ-A and PSOCQ-P be used as a measure of stage of change in German pediatric pain populations.
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Mayr-Harting, Henry. "Two Abbots in Politics: Wala of Corbie and Bernard of Clairvaux." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 40 (December 1990): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679169.
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ABBOTS in politics were surely a medieval commonplace, one might be tempted to say: what have these two egregious examples, Wala of Corbie (826–34, ob. 836) and Bernard of Clairvaux (1115–53), to say to us which countless others could not also say? If my two were not unique, however, they were comparative rarities, in that they became involved in politics (if that is the right word), not because of their feudal obligations, nor because they sought to propagate monastic reform on the basis of the observance of their own monastery, nor again because they associated the glory of their own house with a particular cause or royal line, but avowedly for the sake of moral principle, incurring enmities in the process, and, cloistered monks as they were, acting to some extent against the interests and wishes of their own flocks. The monk-bishop was a common enough figure, and the greatest men of this type, pre-eminently Augustine of Hippo and Pope Gregory the Great, have given us profound thoughts about how contemplation could and should be kept alive amidst the cares of the active and pastoral life. But neither Wala nor Bernard became a bishop, and paradoxically the latter's widespread and non-institutionalised influence might have been diminished had he done so. As one of Bernard's biographers felicitously but ingenuously put it in recounting that the saint had actually refused many bishoprics, ‘from under the bushel of his humility he gave a greater light to the church than others raised to the chandeliers’.
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Burger, Molly, and Dennis Dolny. "The Relationship among Body Mass Index, Body Image, Exercise Habits and Stage of Change in College-Aged Females." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 11, no. 2 (2002): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.11.2.1.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among body mass index (BMI), body image perception, physical activity habits, and exercise stage of change in college-aged females. Volunteers (N = 134) completed a survey of demographics, Stage of Exercise Scale (SOES; Cardinal, 1995a; Cardinal, 1995b), Physical Activity History questionnaire (PAH; Jacobs, Hahn, Haskell, Pirie, & Sidney, 1989), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; Cooper, Taylor, Cooper, & Fairburn, 1987). Participants were categorized into five exercise stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Relationships between the variables were analyzed with Pearson r correlations. Kruskal-Wallis independence tests were also used for analyses. Approximately 60% of the participants reported current physical inactivity or irregular exercise. BMI and body image score were significantly linearly related, with higher body mass indicating more negative body image (r = 30, p <.017). Significant differences existed between exercise stages for physical activity score, X2 (3, N = 134) = 19.98, p <.05. Based upon follow-up tests participants in the maintenance stage had significantly higher physical activity scores than all other stages. No significant differences were found for BMI or body image between exercise stages. Regular exercisers had the highest frequency of disordered eating and weight-preoccupied attitudes and behaviors. The majority of these women were not currently regularly physically active, professed dissatisfaction with their current level of activity, and expressed a fear of being fat. Further study directed at specific factors related to body image and exercise behaviors, as well as the impact of stage-specific interventions are suggested.
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Cugini, Paolo. "Personalismo e pastoral. De uma abordagem filosófica à ação pastoral." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 68, no. 269 (2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v68i269.1466.
Full textAbstract:
O artigo visa resgatar para a reflexão pastoral alguns temas da filosofia personalista elaborada nos anos trinta e quarenta do século passado pelo filosofo francês Emmanuel Mounier. Equilíbrio entre vida interior e abertura ao social, entre vida ativa e contemplativa, e valorização da liberdade responsável são alguns dos tópicos da filosofia personalista que podem contribuir para o debate eclesial contemporâneo.Abstract: The article hopes to rescue some themes of the personalistic philosophy developed in the 1930s and 1940s by the French philosopher Emmanuel Mounier. The balance between inner life and the openness towards the social, between active and contemplative life, and the appreciation of responsible freedom are some of the topics from the personalistic philosophy that may contribute to the contemporary ecclesial debate.
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Hamkalo, Mykhailo, and Pavlo Romaniv. "The soils of the Carpathian region of Ukraine as objects of scientific tourism." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8740.
Full textAbstract:
Scientific tourism includes ecological, ethnocultural, underwater, cognitive one and many other types of tourism, the main feature of which is active participation of tourists in the tour, and not just acquisition of interesting information and contemplation of objects, which is characteristic for cognitive tourism. The interest in the soil cover of the general population by means of tourist (economical) management is considered as a step towards preservation, recovery of the ecosystem of Carpathian region of Ukraine, especially in the context of the concept of sustainable development. Soil objects of the Carpathian region of Ukraine are characterized by diversity and they significantly differ from each other, therefore brown soil, sod-podzol pseudogleyed soil on the border of Precarpathia and Carpathians, gray forest soil are chosen for the analysis. Involvement of soil into the system of tourist services is considered in two main directions: separate objects of display on routes and objects of scientific research within stationary scientific and research areas of highly specialized and complex nature. Moreover, these ground objects can be used as motivations for travelling both for wider population of different age groups, for professional use, as well as specialists among geographers, geologists, soil scientists, environmentalists, archaeologists, historians, ethnographers, etc. Soils of Ukrainian Carpathians have an important ecological, economic and social significance. However, consumer attitude to forests leads to negative consequences for the entire ecosystem, including for the “mirror of the landscape” – the soil. Therefore, the study and knowledge of soil by means of tourism, excursion and expeditionary activity pursues a number of important functions: recreational, scientific-cognitive, ecological (the function of protection of nature and its components), educational, didactic, educational, patriotic. After all, without knowledge on soil it is impossible to understand interconnections that are established between components of the ecosystem. Key words: soils, region, scientific tourism, brown soil, stationary experiment.
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Ilyenkov, Edvard V. "A lecture on mind (preface and notes by Andrei D. Maidansky)." Philosophy Journal, no. 3 (2021): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2021-14-1-162-172.
Full textAbstract:
The archive of the Soviet Marxist philosopher Evald Ilyenkov contains a draft of a lecture on the nature of human mind. This was one of the lectures that Ilyenkov gave for senior students of the philosophical faculty at Moscow State University in 1953–1955. His thought runs counter to the concept of the mind as a function of the brain that “copies and photographs” the outside world by means of the senses (an understanding that dominated the Soviet philosophy). Ilyenkov asserts that the conscious mind is formed through the work of the logical categories, which constitute the social reason. In the Foreword to the publication, a parallel is drawn between the criticism of the sensationalist model of mind by Ilyenkov and Wilfrid Sellars, the founder of the “analytic philosophy of mind”. Both philosophers place language between “raw” sensual perceptions and the human mind. However, for Sellars language is the creator of the conscious mind, whereas for Ilyenkov language is only an instrument of reason, which allows it to pick out the perceptions that are significant for other people filtering away everything else. The logical structure of language is determined by the categories of the singular and the universal, by affirmation and negation, cause and effect, etc. With the help of the categories of reason, an individual transforms their sensual impressions into “facts of consciousness”. Active focusing on the similarities and differences of sensible objects, on how one perception follows another, etc. constitutes the primary activity of will. Ilyenkov points out that this purposefulness of sensory contemplation is what distinguishes man from animals. If language forms the first “floor” of consciousness, then its upper “floor” is logical thinking. The latter discovers causal relationships of things and the laws of nature. The contents of such thought do not depend on will and consciousness, they are objectively true.
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Machado Chaviano, Esther Lidia, and Yanet Hernández Aro. "Del turismo contemplativo al turismo activo." El Periplo Sustentable, no. 15 (July 1, 2008): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21854/eps.v0i15.937.
Full textAbstract:
<span>La evolución en la forma de consumo ha marcado el nacimiento de una nueva era </span><span>denominada como Economía y Sociedad de la experiencia, lo cual provoca cambios en </span><span>la forma de gestionar las empresas, transformando el enfoque de marketing tradicional, </span><span>hacia un marketing colaborativo o inverso. El perfil y las preferencias del turista también </span><span>han variado, exigiendo nuevas ideas, siendo éstas a su medida, el turista va en busca de su </span><span>propia experiencia, cambiado del hecho de viajar para presenciar, a la idea de viajar para </span><span>efectuar algo. Se plantea entonces un reto para los promotores del viaje, éstos tendrán </span><span>que crear productos que permitan realizar actividades, faciliten la participación activa </span><span>del turista consumidor en la elaboración de la experiencia de que disfruta. Por tanto, la </span><span>clave radica en desarrollar al máximo aquellas ventajas competitivas de un destino o </span><span>empresa, integrando los diversos atractivos turísticos, ya sean patrimonio monumental, </span><span>cultural y natural, para conformar una oferta que permita satisfacer necesidades y deseos </span><span>de los consumidores. </span>