Journal articles: 'Active Distribution Networks'

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Kyriakou, Dimitra G., and Fotios D. Kanellos. "Sustainable Operation of Active Distribution Networks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053115.

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The present and future conditions in the energy market impose extremely high standards to the operation of building energy systems. Moreover, distribution networks face new operational and technical challenges as a result of the rapid penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) and other forms of distributed generation. Consequently, active distribution networks (ADNs) will play a crucial role in the exploitation of smart building prosumers, smart grids, and RES. In this paper, an optimization method for the sustainable operation of active distribution networks hosting smart residential building prosumers, plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) aggregators, and RES was developed. The thermal and electrical loads of the residential buildings were modeled in detail and an aggregation method was implemented to the hosted PEVs. Moreover, smart power dispatch techniques were applied at each building prosumer and PEV aggregator hosted by the active distribution network. Simultaneously, all the operational limitations of the active distribution network, building energy systems, and the hosted PEVs were satisfied. The constrained optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm was exploited to keep the voltages of the hosting distribution network between the permissible bounds. A significant operation cost reduction of 17% was achieved. The developed models were verified through detailed simulation results.

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Ilea, Valentin, Cristian Bovo, Davide Falabretti, et al. "Voltage Control Methodologies in Active Distribution Networks." Energies 13, no. 12 (2020): 3293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123293.

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Renewable Energy Sources are becoming widely spread, as they are sustainable and low-carbon emission. They are mostly penetrating the MV Distribution Networks as Distributed Generators, which has determined the evolution of the networks’ control and supervision systems, from almost a complete lack to becoming fully centralized. This paper proposes innovative voltage control architectures for the distribution networks, tailored for different development levels of the control and supervision systems encountered in real life: a Coordinated Control for networks with basic development, and an optimization-based Centralized Control for networks with fully articulated systems. The Centralized Control fits the requirements of the network: the challenging harmonization of the generator’s capability curves with the regulatory framework, and modelling of the discrete control of the On-Load Tap Changer transformer. A realistic network is used for tests and comparisons with the Local Strategy currently specified by regulations. The proposed Coordinated Control gives much better results with respect to the Local Strategy, in terms of loss minimization and voltage violations mitigation, and can be used for networks with poorly developed supervision and control systems, while Centralized Control proves the best solution, but can be applied only in fully supervised and controlled networks.

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Deng, Guohao, Dang Wang, and Weixin Gao. "Active and Reactive Power Coordination Optimization of the Active Distribution Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2450, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2450/1/012023.

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Abstract The operation and control of the active distribution network are faced with great challenges due to a mass of tunable and controllable devices connected to the network, resulting in large active power loss and voltage deviation. In this paper, a method of active and reactive power coordination optimization for the active distribution network based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) is proposed. This method can mine valuable information from the historical data of distribution networks, and use one-dimensional convolutional neural networks to map the complex nonlinear relationship between node load and optimization strategy. The simulation results of the modified IEEE33 node distribution network system show that the active power loss and the node voltage deviation of the proposed method are significantly reduced.

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Alaskar, Azzan, and Abdulaziz Alkuhayli. "Reliability Evaluation of Active Distribution Systems with Distributed Generations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (2022): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012064.

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Abstract Reliability evaluation is essential in designing, planning, operating modern power systems. System operators must operate the network securely and efficiently with minimal interruption events. With the recent advances in power electronics and control, distributed generations (DG) such as photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine, and storage systems are expected to grow in distribution networks. This high level of distributed generations penetration in the grid can increase the complexity of operating the system. This is caused by intermittent nature of solar irradiance and wind speed. This paper proposes a methodology used to assess distribution networks containing stochastic resources such as photovoltaic. This method will use the Monte Carlo simulation with a stochastic model to evaluate the distribution network’s reliability. The system and load point reliability indices such as frequency of loss of load and expected energy not to supplied will be computed in this technique. In addition, the configuration of distribution networks to improve system’s reliability to facilitate system restoration after pre-fault conditions will be assessed.

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Ma, Zhanhui, and Fang Cao. "Optimization of Active Distribution Network Operation with SOP Considering Reverse Power Flow." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (2024): 11797. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411797.

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As the penetration of distributed renewable energy increases, the phenomenon of bidirectional power flow in distribution networks becomes increasingly severe. Traditional regulation devices like OLTC (on-load tap changer) and CB (capacitor bank) cannot effectively mitigate reverse power flow in distribution networks due to their limitations. The transmission capacity of the distribution network under reverse power flow is approximately 50% of the rated capacity of the OLTC, leading to issues such as voltage limit violations and high wind and solar curtailment rates. This paper proposes a method for calculating the reverse power flow delivery capacity of distribution networks, quantitatively describing the distribution network’s delivery limits for reverse power flow. Based on this, a joint optimization model for multiple distribution networks with an SOP is established. The SOP is utilized to share reverse power flow delivery capacity among multiple distribution networks, enhancing operational economy and increasing the accommodation of the DG. Finally, the method’s effectiveness and correctness are verified in the IEEE 33-node system. The results validate that while joint operation does not enhance the reverse flow transmission capacity of a single distribution network, it can, through the shared reverse flow transmission capacity approach, elevate the reverse flow transmission capacity to approximately 70% during the majority of time periods.

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Ochoa, L. F., C. J. Dent, and G. P. Harrison. "Distribution Network Capacity Assessment: Variable DG and Active Networks." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25, no. 1 (2010): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2031223.

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Luo, Jiale. "Key technologies of active distribution networks control." Applied and Computational Engineering 10, no. 1 (2023): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/10/20230172.

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Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) are modern and intelligent power distribution systems that integrate renewable energy sources and advanced control technologies to provide reliable, secure, and efficient electricity supply. The traditional power distribution networks are designed to deliver electricity in a one-way flow from the transmission system to the customers. In contrast, ADN enables two-way power flow between the distribution network and customers, allowing them to become active participants in the electricity system. The key technology behind ADN includes advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), Distribution Automation (DA), and energy storage systems (ESS). AMI provides real-time data on electricity consumption, generation, and distribution, enabling efficient load management and demand response. Other key technologies of ADN include renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV), Wind turbines and small-scale hydroelectricity. These sources are connected to the distribution network through power electronic interfaces that convert the DC output of the renewable sources into AC for distribution. Smart grid technologies such as microgrids, virtual power plants, and energy management systems are also integrated into ADN to improve grid stability and resilience. ADNs have the potential to transform the electricity system by enabling more efficient, sustainable, and reliable energy systems that can better serve the needs of consumers and society. Thus, ADN is expected to become a critical technology in achieving a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.

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Xu, Lin, Songhai Fan, Hua Zhang, Jiayu Xiong, Chang Liu, and Site Mo. "Enhancing Resilience and Reliability of Active Distribution Networks through Accurate Fault Location and Novel Pilot Protection Method." Energies 16, no. 22 (2023): 7547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227547.

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The integration of distributed generation (DG) into the decentralized access of the distribution network transforms the existing structure into an active distribution network. The alteration in fault characteristics poses significant challenges to the coordinated operation of relay protection. Fault location within the distribution network plays a vital role in facilitating fault recovery and enhancing the resilience of the power system. It proves instrumental in improving the network’s ability to withstand extreme disasters, thereby enhancing the reliability of power distribution. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the voltage fault components occurring during various fault types within an active distribution network. Building upon the identified characteristics of voltage fault components, a novel approach for the longitudinal protection of active distribution networks is proposed. This method involves comparing the calculated values of voltage fault components with their actual values. The proposed approach is applicable to various fault scenarios, including short-circuit faults, line break faults, and recurring faults. It exhibits advantages such as insensitivity to the penetration of distributed power supplies and robustness in withstanding transition resistance. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, affirming its applicability to diverse protection requirements within active distribution networks.

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Ni, Pinghao, Hao Cao, Jinghan He, Meng Li, Fengxi Gao, and Ziqi Wang. "Phase-angle adaptive current differential protection for active distribution network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2564, no. 1 (2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2564/1/012022.

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Abstract With the distributed generator to be attached to the distribution network, the current differential protection scheme may have some problems, resulting in maloperation or rejection of protection. This paper investigates the current distribution properties of an active distribution network with branches of undetected load and draws the conclusion that undetected load may cause differential protection maloperation. The differences in fault properties of differential protection in transmission network scenarios and distribution networks containing distributed generator are evaluated, leading to the conclusion that differential protection applied to active distribution networks may have reduced resistance to transition resistance and that poor signal synchronization conditions in distribution networks may lead to larger synchronization errors. A phase-angle adaptive current differential protection is proposed. It adaptively adjusts the phase angle constraint using the magnitude of the power frequency full current component proportion at both sides of the line. It can accommodate the protection needs of various operation modes of distribution networks containing distributed generator, and has the characteristics of strong resistance to transition resistance and strong phase shift braking ability. The correctness of the suggested protection scheme was verified using the PSCAD platform.

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Yang, Junwen, Fusheng Ran, Bin Xu, Pengzhuang Zhong, and Fangfang Li. "Reconfiguration of distribution networks considering high penetration of renewable energy: an application of the QPSO algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2963, no. 1 (2025): 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2963/1/012009.

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Abstract The increasing variety of distributed generation (DG) types introduces significant power fluctuations and uncertainties when integrated into the distribution network. This imposes significant challenges in ensuring the stability and safety of the power system. Flexible configuring the distribution network’s topology can reduce active power losses and improve node voltage levels. However, traditional heuristic algorithms often fall short when addressing the reconfiguration of distribution networks with multiple DG types. In this paper, an enhanced Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm is proposed for optimizing active power losses and minimizing node voltage deviations in the distribution network. Simulations conducted using the modified IEEE 33-node system as a case study demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively reconfigures distribution networks with various DG types. It significantly reduces network losses, enhances node voltage levels, and achieves high computational accuracy.

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Bian, Jiang, Yang Wang, Zhaoshuai Dang, Tianchun Xiang, Zhiyong Gan, and Ting Yang. "Low-Carbon Dispatch Method for Active Distribution Network Based on Carbon Emission Flow Theory." Energies 17, no. 22 (2024): 5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17225610.

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In the context of integrating renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy sources into distribution networks, this paper proposes a proactive low-carbon dispatch model for active distribution networks based on carbon flow calculation theory. This model aims to achieve accurate carbon measurement across all operational aspects of distribution networks, reduce their carbon emissions through controlling unit operations, and ensure stable and safe operation. First, we propose a method for measuring carbon emission intensity on the source and network sides of active distribution networks with network losses, allowing for the calculation of total carbon emissions throughout the operation of networks and their equipment. Next, based on the carbon flow distribution of distribution networks, we construct a low-carbon dispatch model and formulate its optimization problem within a Markov Decision Process framework. We improve the Soft Actor–Critic (SAC) algorithm by adopting a Gaussian-distribution-based reward function to train and deploy agents for optimal low-carbon dispatch. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the superiority of the improved algorithm are demonstrated using a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network test case.

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Al-Saadi, Hassan, Rastko Zivanovic, and Said F. Al-Sarawi. "Probabilistic Hosting Capacity for Active Distribution Networks." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 13, no. 5 (2017): 2519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2698505.

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Voropai, N. I., Z. A. Styczynski, I. N. Shushpanov, Pham Trung Son, and K. V. Suslov. "Security model of active distribution electric networks." Thermal Engineering 60, no. 14 (2013): 1024–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601513140097.

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Cagnano, Alessia, Enrico De Tuglie, and Marco Bronzini. "Multiarea Voltage Controller for Active Distribution Networks." Energies 11, no. 3 (2018): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11030583.

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Koutsoukis, Nikolaos C., Pavlos S. Georgilakis, and Nikos D. Hatziargyriou. "Multistage Coordinated Planning of Active Distribution Networks." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33, no. 1 (2018): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2699696.

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McDonald, Jim. "Adaptive intelligent power systems: Active distribution networks." Energy Policy 36, no. 12 (2008): 4346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.038.

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Kuang, Zhicong, Gang Liu, Heting Lu, and Yuling He. "Assessment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Multi-Type Load Acceptance Capacity of Active Distribution Network." Electronics 14, no. 8 (2025): 1566. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081566.

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With the increasing proportion of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution networks and growing electricity business expansion demand, the integration of DG and new loads imposes significant impacts on distribution networks. To address the incomplete evaluation of active distribution network acceptance capacity, this paper proposes a multi-modal load acceptance capacity assessment methodology incorporating load growth patterns while comprehensively analyzing DG integration impacts. Firstly, differentiated load dynamic models are established to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of multi-type loads. Secondly, a load growth model is presented based on spatiotemporal probability decomposition, accompanied by a multi-constraint acceptance capacity evaluation index system tailored to distribution networks. Moreover, an improved repetitive power flow method is developed, and a proposed acceptance capacity evaluation model is proposed to achieve the comprehensive evaluation of multi-type load acceptance capacity in active distribution networks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed acceptance capacity evaluation model is proven by a case study of an IEEE 33-node system, and multidimensional analysis is also conducted to investigate the impacts of DG type, DG installation location, DG proportion, and user-side energy storage system (ESS) access on the distribution network’s load acceptance capacity.

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Li, Xin, Houlei Gao, Tong Yuan, and Bin Xu. "5G Communication Based Distributed Fault Recovery Scheme of Active Distribution Network." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501039.

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As more and more distributed power sources are connected to low and medium voltage distribution networks, the traditional single-ended passive distribution networks have evolved into multi- terminal, multi-source active distribution networks. When distributed generations with high permeability are connected to a distribution network, the structure and power flow of this network will change significantly, thus the original fault detection method and reclosing scheme may be challenged, which may cause incorrect action of protection or failure of reclosing. On basis of that, this paper proposes an active distribution network fault recovery scheme based on 5G wireless communication, in which the topology recognition technology and smart terminal units with peer-to-peer communication capability are applied. To prove the method’s feasibility, delay of 5G communication is analysed and tested online. In addition, a model of 10 kV active distribution network is built on Real Time Digital Simulation system. Principle investigation and simulation indicate that the proposed scheme can adapt to the change of network structure and implement the fault self-healing quickly.

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Peng, Bo, and Yongjie Wang. "Coordinated active-reactive power optimization considering photovoltaic abandon based on second order cone programming in active distribution networks." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (2024): e0308450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308450.

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On the basis of predecessors’ coordination optimization of active and reactive power in distribution network, For the necessity of the optimal operation in the distribution network, part of power generated from photovoltaic (PV) cannot be sold to users, and cannot enjoy subsidies. Similarly, the network loss in the power transmission will also bring a certain economic loss. This paper comprehensively considers the economic loss caused by the network loss and PV abandon of the distribution system, and establishes a model to minimize the economic loss. To solve this problem efficiently, the method of DistFlow equation and mixed integer second order cone programming (MISOCP) is used to solve the problem, in this method, the original mixed integer nonlinear programming non-convex problem is transformed into a convex problem, which makes the optimization problem easy to solve. The modified IEEE 33 and IEEE 69 distribution networks are tested by the above method. The optimized results are able to meet the target and have very small relaxation gaps, and the voltage level is also optimized. This coordinated optimization approach helps to optimize the economic operation for active distribution networks with PVs.

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Jia, Junqing, Tianyu Wu, Jia Zhou, et al. "Optimal Configuration Method of Energy Routers in Active Distribution Network Considering Demand Response." Processes 13, no. 4 (2025): 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041248.

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The energy router (ER) is a crucial component in smart distribution networks, and its optimal configuration is essential for enhancing the operational efficiency, economy, and security of the grid. However, existing research rarely considers both the location and sizing costs of the ER in conjunction with flexible load demand response. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal configuration method for the energy router in active distribution networks, incorporating demand response. First, to balance the comprehensive operational characteristics of the active distribution network throughout the year with computational efficiency, an improved K-means clustering algorithm is employed to construct multiple representative scenarios. Then, a bi-level programming model is established for ER location and sizing, considering demand response. The upper level optimizes the location and capacity configuration of the ER to minimize the overall cost of the distribution network. The lower level focuses on multi-objective optimization, including peak shaving, valley filling, network losses, and voltage deviations, to achieve energy scheduling within the distribution network. Finally, an improved bi-level particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the model. Simulation results based on the IEEE 33-node system demonstrate that the peak shaving and valley filling optimization rate after ER integration into the active distribution network is at least 9.19%, and it is improved to 14.35% when combined with demand response. Concurrently, the integration of the ER enhances the distribution network’s ability to absorb renewable energy, reduces network losses, and improves power quality.

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Radhoush, Sepideh, Maryam Bahramipanah, Hashem Nehrir, and Zagros Shahooei. "A Review on State Estimation Techniques in Active Distribution Networks: Existing Practices and Their Challenges." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (2022): 2520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052520.

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This paper provides a comprehensive review of distribution system state estimation in terms of basic definition, different methods, and their application. In the last few years, the operation of distribution networks has been influenced by the installation of distributed generations. In order to control and manage an active distribution network’s performance, distribution system state estimation methods are introduced. A transmission system state estimation cannot be used directly in distribution networks since transmission and distribution networks are different due to topology configuration, the number of buses, line parameters, and the number of measurement instruments. So, the proper state estimation algorithms should be proposed according to the main distribution network features. Accuracy, computational efficiency, and practical implications should be considered in the designing of distribution state estimation techniques since technical issues and wrong decisions could emerge in the control center by inaccurate distribution state estimation results. In this study, conventional techniques are reviewed and compared with data-driven methods in order to highlight the pros and cons of different techniques. Furthermore, the integrated distribution state estimation methods are compared with the distributed approaches, and the different criteria, including the level of area overlapping execution time and computing architecture, are elaborated. Moreover, mathematical problem formulation and different measuring methods are discussed.

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U. P., Dimas Fajar, Indri Suryawati, Ontoseno Penangsang, Adi Suprijanto, and Mat Syai’in. "Online State Estimator for Three Phase Active Distribution Networks Displayed on Geographic Information System." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 2, no. 4 (2014): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2014.v2.154.

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Zhao, Yiran, Yong Xue, Ruixin Zhang, Jiahao Yin, Yang Yang, and Yanbo Chen. "Multi-Objective Optimization Operation of Multi-Agent Active Distribution Network Based on Analytical Target Cascading Method." Energies 17, no. 20 (2024): 5022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17205022.

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In the context of the green energy transition, the rapid expansion of flexible resources such as distributed renewable energy, electric vehicles (EVs), and energy storage has significantly impacted the operation of distribution networks. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization approach for active distribution networks (ADNs) based on analytical target cascading (ATC). Firstly, a dynamic optimal power flow (DOPF) calculation method is developed using second-order conic relaxation (SOCR) to address power flow and voltage issues in the distribution network, incorporating active management (AM) elements. Secondly, this study focuses on aggregating the power of flexible resources within station areas connected to distribution network nodes and incorporating these resources into demand response (DR) programs. Finally, a two-layer model for collaborative multi-objective scheduling between station areas and the active distribution network is implemented using the ATC method. Case studies demonstrate the model’s effectiveness and validity, showing its potential for enhancing the operation of distribution networks amidst the increasing integration of flexible resources.

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Cheng, Ziwei, Lei Wang, Can Su, Runtao Zhang, Xiaocong Li, and Bo Zhang. "Data-Driven Coordinated Voltage Control Strategy for Distribution Networks with High Proportion of Renewable Energy Based on Voltage–Power Sensitivity." Sustainability 17, no. 11 (2025): 4955. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114955.

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In order to achieve rapid and accurate voltage regulation in active distribution networks, this paper proposes a data-driven coordinated voltage control strategy for active distribution networks based on voltage–power sensitivity. Firstly, we establish a BP neural network regression prediction model for voltage–power sensitivity to depict the nonlinear mapping relationship between power and node voltage and achieve rapid acquisition of voltage–power sensitivity. Secondly, based on the principle of stepwise regulation of voltage–power sensitivity, a voltage coordination control framework for a high-proportion photovoltaic active distribution network is constructed by using a two-stage voltage regulation mode of reactive power compensation and active power reduction to achieve efficient and rapid regulation of node voltages in the active distribution network. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through simulation calculation and analysis of typical power distribution systems of IEEE 33-nodes and IEEE 141-nodes.

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Li, Xingmin, Hongwei Li, Shuaibing Li, Ziwei Jiang, and Xiping Ma. "Review on Reactive Power and Voltage Optimization of Active Distribution Network with Renewable Distributed Generation and Time-Varying Loads." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1196369.

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With a high proportion of renewable distributed generation and time-varying load connected to the distribution network, great challenges have appeared in the reactive power optimization control of the active distribution networks. This paper first introduces the characteristics of active distribution networks, the mechanism and research status of wind power, photovoltaic, and other renewable distributed generators, and time-varying loads participating in reactive power and voltage optimization. Then, the paper summarizes the methods of reactive power optimization and voltage regulation of active distribution network, including multi-timescale voltage optimization, coordinated optimization of network reconfiguration and reactive power optimization, coordinated optimization of active and reactive power optimization based on model predictive control, hierarchical and zoning control of reactive power, and voltage and power electronic switch voltage regulation. The pros and cons of the reactive power optimization algorithms mentioned above are summarized. Finally, combined with the development trend of the energy Internet, the future directions of reactive power and voltage control technology in the active distribution network are discussed.

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Sirviö, Katja H., Hannu Laaksonen, Kimmo Kauhaniemi, and Nikos Hatziargyriou. "Evolution of the Electricity Distribution Networks—Active Management Architecture Schemes and Microgrid Control Functionalities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062793.

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The power system transition to smart grids brings challenges to electricity distribution network development since it involves several stakeholders and actors whose needs must be met to be successful for the electricity network upgrade. The technological challenges arise mainly from the various distributed energy resources (DERs) integration and use and network optimization and security. End-customers play a central role in future network operations. Understanding the network’s evolution through possible network operational scenarios could create a dedicated and reliable roadmap for the various stakeholders’ use. This paper presents a method to develop the evolving operational scenarios and related management schemes, including microgrid control functionalities, and analyzes the evolution of electricity distribution networks considering medium and low voltage grids. The analysis consists of the dynamic descriptions of network operations and the static illustrations of the relationships among classified actors. The method and analysis use an object-oriented and standardized software modeling language, the unified modeling language (UML). Operational descriptions for the four evolution phases of electricity distribution networks are defined and analyzed by Enterprise Architect, a UML tool. This analysis is followed by the active management architecture schemes with the microgrid control functionalities. The graphical models and analysis generated can be used for scenario building in roadmap development, real-time simulations, and management system development. The developed method, presented with high-level use cases (HL-UCs), can be further used to develop and analyze several parallel running control algorithms for DERs providing ancillary services (ASs) in the evolving electricity distribution networks.

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Shang, Liqun, and Zhao Li. "Research on fault location method of active distribution network based on improved multiverse algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2814, no. 1 (2024): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2814/1/012060.

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Abstract After the distributed power supply is connected to the distribution network, the network structure becomes more complex, and the fault characteristics change greatly compared with the traditional distribution network fault, so the original traditional fault location method is not satisfactory. This paper presents a fault location method for active distribution networks based on improved multi-node optimization (IMVO). According to the fault characteristics of the distribution network, the multiverse optimization algorithm is binary coded, and the algorithm parameters are improved to optimize the iterative process and enhance the performance of the algorithm. The simulation results show that this method can effectively solve the fault location problem of active distribution networks and has good advantages.

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Zhang, Luyao, Maosong Zhang, Di Wu, Jie Yang, Hongsheng Zhao, and Chunyu Zhang. "An active distribution grid dynamic partitioning method based on an improved binary PSO algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2963, no. 1 (2025): 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2963/1/012006.

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Abstract With a large amount of renewable energy access, the operation and management of distribution networks face new challenges. In order to improve the operation efficiency and stability of distribution networks, this paper proposes an active distribution network dynamic partitioning method based on the improved binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The method first defines the comprehensive indexes of distribution network partitioning, including the modularity degree based on the comprehensive equivalent electrical distance, and the active-reactive power balance degree. The traditional binary PSO algorithm has been enhanced to address the dynamic partitioning problem in distribution networks. This improvement involves initializing the population using chaotic mapping and implementing adaptive scale selection, which boosts the algorithm’s global search capability and convergence speed. Additionally, a partitioning structure and an update trigger mechanism have been designed to further optimize the process. Simulation results of the IEEE33 node system show that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of the distribution network.

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Allahmoradi, Sarah, Mohsen Parsa Moghaddam, Salah Bahramara, and Pouria Sheikhahmadi. "Flexibility-constrained operation scheduling of active distribution networks." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 131 (October 2021): 107061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107061.

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Shaikh, Muhammad Fawad, Sunny Katyara, Zahid Hussain Khand, et al. "Novel Protection Coordination Scheme for Active Distribution Networks." Electronics 10, no. 18 (2021): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182312.

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Distribution networks are inherently radial and passive owing to the ease of operation and unidirectional power flow. Proper installation of Distributed Generators, on the one hand, makes the utility network active and mitigates certain power quality issues e.g., voltage dips, frequency deviations, losses, etc., but on the other hand, it disturbs the optimal coordination among existing protection devices e.g., over-current relays. In order to maintain the desired selectivity level, such that the primary and backup relays are synchronized against different contingencies, it necessitates design of intelligent and promising protection schemes to distinguish between the upstream and downstream power flows. This research proposes exploiting phase angle jump, an overlooked voltage sag parameter, to add directional element to digital over-current relays with inverse time characteristics. The decision on the direction of current is made on the basis of polarity of phase angle jump together with the impedance angle of the system. The proposed scheme at first is evaluated on a test system in a simulated environment under symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults and, secondly, as a proof of the concept, it is verified in real-time on a laboratory setup using a Power Hardware-in-loop (PHIL) system. Moreover, a comparative analysis is made with other state-of-the-art techniques to evaluate the performance and robustness of the proposed approach.

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Gill, Simon, Ivana Kockar, and Graham W. Ault. "Dynamic Optimal Power Flow for Active Distribution Networks." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 29, no. 1 (2014): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2013.2279263.

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Al Kaabi, Sultan S., H. H. Zeineldin, and Vinod Khadkikar. "Planning Active Distribution Networks Considering Multi-DG Configurations." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 29, no. 2 (2014): 785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2013.2282343.

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Zhou, Yuezhi, Yaoxue Zhang, and Jianhua Lu. "CDS: a code distribution scheme for active networks." Computer Communications 27, no. 3 (2004): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(03)00237-8.

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Wang, Zhaojian, Feng Liu, Yifan Su, Peng Yang, and Boyu Qin. "Asynchronous distributed voltage control in active distribution networks." Automatica 122 (December 2020): 109269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109269.

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Oikonomou, Konstantinos, Masood Parvania, and Roohallah Khatami. "Deliverable Energy Flexibility Scheduling for Active Distribution Networks." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 11, no. 1 (2020): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2927604.

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Miri Larimi, Sayyed Majid, Mahmoud Reza Haghifam, and Amin Moradkhani. "Risk-based reconfiguration of active electric distribution networks." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 4 (2016): 1006–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0777.

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Velasco-Gómez, S., S. Pérez-Londoño, and J. Mora-Floréz. "Unbalance compensated distance relay for active distribution networks." Energy Reports 9 (May 2023): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.12.129.

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Marujo, Diogo, A. C. Zambroni de Souza, B. I. L. Lopes, and D. Q. Oliveira. "Active Distribution Networks Implications on Transmission System Stability." Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 30, no. 3 (2019): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00458-x.

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Karimi, Shahram, Saman Hosseini-Hemati, and Abdollah Rastgou. "Stochastic multi-objective ORPD for active distribution networks." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 57 (June 2023): 103235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103235.

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Hinners, Holm, Sergio F. Contreras, and Johanna Myrzik. "Automatic Transmission Grid Control of Active Distribution Networks." IFAC-PapersOnLine 56, no. 2 (2023): 9092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.143.

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Alanazi, Abdulaziz, Hossein Lotfi, and Amin Khodaei. "Market clearing in microgrid-integrated active distribution networks." Electric Power Systems Research 183 (June 2020): 106263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106263.

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Prionistis, Giorgos, Theodoros Souxes, and Costas Vournas. "Voltage stability support offered by active distribution networks." Electric Power Systems Research 190 (January 2021): 106728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106728.

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Zhou, Xiao Yi, Ling Yun Wang, Wen Yue Liang, and Li Zhou. "Research on the Voltage Influence of Active Distribution Network with Distributed Generation Access." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.749.

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Distributed generation (DG) has an important influence on the voltage of active distribution networks. A unidirectional power distribution network will be transformed into a bidirectional, multiple power supply distribution network after DGs access to the distribution network and the direction of power flow is also changed. Considering the traditional forward and backward substitution algorithm can only deal with the equilibrium node and PQ nodes, so the other types of DGs should be transformed into PQ nodes, then its impact on active distribution network can be analyzed via the forward and backward substitution algorithm. In this paper, the characteristics of active distribution networks are analyzed firstly and a novel approach is proposed to convert PI nodes into PQ nodes. Finally, a novel forward and backward substitution algorithm is adopted to calculate the power flow of the active distribution network with DGs. Extensive validation of IEEE 18 and 33 nodes distribution system indicates that this method is feasible. Numerical results show that when DG is accessed to the appropriate location with proper capacity, it has a significant capability to support the voltages level of distribution system.

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Gholami, Mohammad, Ali Abbaspour Tehrani-Fard, Matti Lehtonen, Moein Moeini-Aghtaie, and Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad. "A Novel Multi-Area Distribution State Estimation Approach for Active Networks." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061772.

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This paper presents a hierarchically distributed algorithm for the execution of distribution state estimation function in active networks equipped with some phasor measurement units. The proposed algorithm employs voltage-based state estimation in rectangular form and is well-designed for large-scale active distribution networks. For this purpose, as the first step, the distribution network is supposed to be divided into some overlapped zones and local state estimations are executed in parallel for extracting operating states of these zones. Then, using coordinators in the feeders and the substation, the estimated local voltage profiles of all zones are coordinated with the local state estimation results of their neighboring zones. In this regard, each coordinator runs a state estimation process for the border buses (overlapped buses and buses with tie-lines) of its zones and based on the results for voltage phasor of border buses, the local voltage profiles in non-border buses of its zones are modified. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested with an active distribution network, considering different combinations of operating conditions, network topologies, network decompositions, and measurement scenarios, and the results are presented and discussed.

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Miri Larimi, Seyyed Majid, Mansoureh Zangiabadi, Mahmoud Reza Haghifam, and Philip Taylor. "Value based pricing of distribution generations active power in distribution networks." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 9, no. 15 (2015): 2117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.1162.

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M.Sundar, Rajan, Mesfin Abraham, and Sando Satenaw. "An Effective and Active Bandwidth Distribution in Networked Control Systems." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (2020): 2150–55. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.D8983.049420.

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Networked Control System (NCS) is a method composed of physically shared smart devices that can observe the surroundings, work on it, and converse with one another by means of a communication system to attain a widespread purpose. Characteristic examples that fall into this section are Wireless Sensors and Actuators Networks (WSANs) for ecological analyzing and checking, multi-vehicle systems for composed investigation, camera systems for observation, multicamera facilitated movement catch, shrewd lattices for vitality circulation and the executives, and so forth. NCSs changes from increasingly customary control systems as a result of their interdisciplinary which needs the combination of control hypothesis, correspondences, software engineering and programming designing. Plenty of communication modes are available from telephone lines, cell phone networks, satellite networks and most widely used is internet. The choice of network depends upon the application to be served. Internet is the most suitable and inexpensive choice for many applications where the plant and the controller are far from each other. The troubles present in the structure of control systems that are solid to correspondence parameters like transfer speed, arbitrary deferral and packet loss, to computational parameters in light of the tremendous amount of information to be handled or to the mutual idea of the detecting and control to ongoing execution on limited resources and due to the unpredictability to the huge number of untrustworthy agent present. With the limited measure of data transmission accessible, it is improved to use it ideally and proficiently. This further raises the requirement for need choices issue for controlling a series of actuators for a progression of tasks. The proposed methodology deals broadly made in two distinct directions. The first direction aims at a control theoretical analysis while considering the network as a constant parameter like special controllers and altering the sampling rate. The second direction aims the design of new communication network infrastructures, algorithms or protocols like designing static and dynamic message scheduling algorithms. This method combines both directions and depends on the well- recognized results in both communication networks and control theory.

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Liu, Zifa, Heyang Huai, and Yusen Yao. "Static voltage bilayer optimization for distribution networks based on Sobol’ method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2918, no. 1 (2024): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2918/1/012004.

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Abstract In active distribution networks, the uncertainty of a large number of distributed power sources makes the voltage stability problem of distribution networks more and more prominent. The existing optimization methods tend to deal with the economy and voltage stability of distribution networks as independent objectives, with less consideration of their connection, making it difficult to realize the efficient use of flexible resources. The paper introduces upper and lower connection factors and proposes a two-layer optimization model for distribution network voltage using the Sobol’ method. First, taking into account the uncertainty of distributed power sources and loads in active distribution networks, a probabilistic tidal current calculation model for active distribution networks is constructed, based on which the impact of load fluctuations on the L index is quantitatively analyzed by the global sensitivity of the Sobol’ method. Secondly, the upper and lower connection factors are calculated based on the sensitivity analysis results. The upper economic objective and the lower stability objective are connected through the connection factors to establish a two-layer optimization model to solve the flexible resources in the system optimally. Finally, simulations on the modified IEEE33 node system validate that the proposed optimization model enhances distribution network security while considering economic factors.

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Liu, Keyan, Xueshun Ye, Tianyuan Kang, Zhao Li, and Dongli Jia. "A Fast Dynamic Simulation Method of an Active Distribution Network with Distributed Generations Based on Decomposition and Coordination." Energies 17, no. 2 (2024): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020287.

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With the penetration of distributed resources into power distribution networks, power distribution networks are transforming into active distribution networks with a high proportion of distributed generations and power electronic equipment. Efficient modeling and simulation methods are essential to perform dynamic response analysis. In order to satisfy the fast/steady/slow multiple time-scale simulation requirements of active distribution networks, a fast/medium/slow time partition model and a network decoupling method for short line characteristic lines is proposed in this paper. Through the decomposition coordination simulation method, the network is decomposed into multiple regions that can be simulated in parallel. Based on the interconnection of fiber optic network cards, a multi-rate parallel simulation and synchronization strategy is proposed, which significantly improves the simulation speed of active distribution networks while ensuring simulation accuracy. The numerical experiments have been conducted based on a modified IEEE 33-bus and a PG&E 69-bus, and simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed method. The verification results of the example show that using adaptive variable-step-size multi-rate parallel simulation technology can increase the subnet computation-time balance rate and simulation acceleration ratio to 119.90% and 121.31% in the same rate-parallel mode.

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Srećković, Nevena, Miran Rošer, and Gorazd Štumberger. "Utilization of Active Distribution Network Elements for Optimization of a Distribution Network Operation." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123494.

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Electricity Distributions Networks (DNs) are changing from a once passive to an active electric power system element. This change, driven by several European Commission Directives and Regulations in the energy sector prompts the proliferated integration of new network elements, which can actively participate in network operations if adequately utilized. This paper addresses the possibility of using these active DN elements for optimization of a time-discrete network operation in terms of minimization of power losses while ensuring other operational constraints (i.e., voltage profiles and line currents). The active elements considered within the proposed optimization procedure are distributed generation units, capable of reactive power provision; remotely controlled switches for changing the network configuration; and an on-load tap changer-equipped substation, supplying the network. The proposed procedure was tested on a model of an actual medium voltage DN. The results showed that simultaneous consideration of these active elements could reduce power losses at a considered point of operation while keeping the voltage profiles within the permitted interval. Furthermore, by performing a series of consecutive optimization procedures at a given time interval, an optimization of network operations for extended periods (e.g., days, months, or years) could also be achieved.

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Grisales-Soto, B., S. Pérez-Londoño, and J. Mora-Flórez. "Low Computational Burden Adaptive Overcurrent Protection for Active Distribution Networks." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (April 5, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1538306.

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Conventional distribution networks have evolved into active distribution networks due to the high penetration of distributed energy resources. These new networks have several protection issues; some are related to the high fault and load current variations due to the various operating conditions. This situation is faced by adaptive protection development, as proposed in this study, where variations among active distribution network operating conditions are considered to estimate the adaptive pickup current. This is used to estimate the overcurrent relay’s time dial setting, avoiding miscoordination. The proposed protection approach uses fast calculations and local measurements; consequently, a low computational burden is required to update the adaptive relay parameters for each operating condition without using communication infrastructure. The obtained results in the IEEE 34-nodes test feeder demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach, accomplishing the coordinating time interval for phase and ground faults. These results show a high performance of primary and backup protection at different operating conditions of the proposed test system compared to the performance of the conventional protection approach. The proposed approach’s high performance, low computational burden, and communicationless characteristics make it suitable for immediate real-field implementation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Active Distribution Networks'

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