Journal articles: 'Active Front End Converters'

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Dave, Kapilkumar C., and Dr Utkarsh Seetha. "Improved Design of Active Front End Converter." Global Journal For Research Analysis 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2012): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/january2013/90.

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Matijevic, Edi, Rahul Sharma, Firuz Zare, and Dinesh Kumar. "A Unified Active Damping for Grid and Converter Current Feedback in Active Front End Converters." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 30913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3157982.

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Ali, Muhammad, Ajmal Farooq, Muhammad Qasim Khan, Muhammad Mansoor Khan, and Lucian Mihet-Popa. "Analysis of Asymmetric Hybrid Modular Multilevel Topology for Medium-Voltage Front-End Converter Applications." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 4, 2023): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041572.

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Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been conceived as an alternative in front-end converter applications to enhance the converter system’s reliability, minimize total harmonic distortion, and improve power quality. These converters utilize several DC-link capacitors and power electronic switches, along with switches operating with high switching frequencies, to attain the desired characteristics. Thereby, this paper systematically proposes a novel three-phase asymmetric hybrid modular multilevel converter (AHMMC) for front-end converters used in lower-medium-voltage applications. The AHMMC configuration is based on a three-phase converter connected to a per-phase series arrangement with a cascaded converter module (CCM). The study investigates the AHMMC and proposes a control scheme, which minimizes the voltage range on switches and maintains the current to its reference value. Furthermore, the study also introduces an active balancing of voltage across DC-link capacitors based on the phase opposition disposition PWM (POD-PWM) method. Our new configuration has features such as low switching loss, reduced DC-link voltage, a wider modulation range for the unity power factor (PF), and low voltage and current harmonic distortion. The simulation results are added to verify the performance of the new AHMMC topology and the usefulness of the modular control scheme. In addition, a low-voltage laboratory prototype based on customized control and power boards is built to validate the proposed converter and its control scheme in practice.

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P, Elangovan, Kamatchi ., Nandhini ., Kamaatchi Devi, and Kokila . "Grid Integrated Solar Energy Conversion System Using Super-Lift Converter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12025.

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Grid integrated photovoltaic (PV) system is capable of maximizing solar energy conversion by minimizing power losses. Conventionally, the grid integrated PV system uses boost or buck-boost DC-DC converters in the DC link for lifting up the PV output. Also, a separate complex circuit is used for active power compensation in the grid end. This paper proposes an advanced DC-DC converter by name Super-Lift Converter (SLC) in the DC link of grid integrated PV system. Unlike the conventional DC-DC converters, the proposed converter lifts up the DC link voltage thrice that of the input voltage. In addition, the proposed SLC is regulated using a PI controlled active front end (AFE) topology, which results in operation of unity power factor at grid end. The suggested system is simulated using MATLAB software. The presented results such as grid end voltage and current, input and output power of SLC and DC link voltage validates the effectiveness of the developed system.

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Hou, Chung-Chuan. "A Multicarrier PWM for Parallel Three-Phase Active Front-End Converters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 28, no. 6 (June 2013): 2753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2012.2220860.

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Wang, Yen Ching, Zong Jie Chen, Shang ng Hu, and Tzung Lin Lee. "A power-flow control method for hybrid active front-end converters." International Journal of Power Electronics 4, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpelec.2012.044145.

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Burgos, R. P., E. P. Wiechmann, and J. Holtz. "Complex State-Space Modeling and Nonlinear Control of Active Front-End Converters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 52, no. 2 (April 2005): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2005.843919.

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Radionov, A. A., A. S. Maklakov, and E. A. Karyakina. "Energy-Saving Reversible Electric Drive Based on Active Front End Rectifier and Voltage Source Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.150.

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This paper addresses the issue of functional possibilities of reversible electric drive based on active front end rectifier and voltage source inverter from the point of view of energy saving. This paper will review all theoretical capabilities of reactive power compensation in the supply mains by the active front end rectifiers. The reactive power consumption or generation can be created out by using of active front end converters which connect the electric drive with supply mains. Active front end rectifiers can be actively used in operation of supply mains of enterprise as they are able to provide controlled power factor and bidirectional power flow. The studies by mathematical modeling in the Matlab/Simulink program were carried out. It was established that the controlling of power factor of active front end rectifier can be used for reactive power compensation in supply mains. The huge prospects of energy-saving reversible electric drive integration to the Smart Grid have been determined as it is able to provide high power and capabilities of the controlling reactive power flow by means of active front end rectifier. It can reduce a share of the consumption reactive power from a substation and to improve the power quality.

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Hou, Chung-Chuan, and Po-Tai Cheng. "Experimental Verification of the Active Front-End Converters Dynamic Model and Control Designs." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26, no. 4 (April 2011): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2010.2097607.

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Jalili, K., and S. Bernet. "Design of $LCL$ Filters of Active-Front-End Two-Level Voltage-Source Converters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 5 (May 2009): 1674–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2011251.

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Zhaksylyk, Assel, Haaris Rasool, Ekaterina Abramushkina, Sajib Chakraborty, Thomas Geury, Mohamed El Baghdadi, and Omar Hegazy. "Review of Active Front-End Rectifiers in EV DC Charging Applications." Batteries 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030150.

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Active Front-End (AFE) rectifiers have regained momentum as the demand for highpower Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure increases exponentially. AFE rectifiers have high efficiency and reliability, and they minimize the disturbances that could be generated due to the operation of the EV charging systems by reducing harmonic distortion and operating close to the Unity Power Factor (UPF). The purpose of this review is to present the current state-of-the-art AFE rectifiers used in fast chargers, focusing on the comparison between different AFE topologies and their components, as well as modular AFE solutions. Furthermore, different control strategies of AFE converters are presented and compared. Some of their more widely used control techniques, namely Voltage Oriented Control (VOC), Direct Power Control (DPC), Hysteresis Current Control (HCC), and Model Predictive Control (MPC), have been implemented, and their performance compared. Centralized and distributed control systems are compared for operating parallel AFE rectifiers for modular, fast charging systems. An overview of cooling systems and reliability evaluation tools is also presented. Finally, trends and future outlooks are analyzed.

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D'Arco, Salvatore, Miguel Ochoa-Gimenez, Luigi Piegari, and Pietro Tricoli. "Harmonics and Interharmonics Compensation With Active Front-End Converters Based Only on Local Voltage Measurements." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 1 (January 2017): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2588462.

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Cikač, Dominik, Nikola Turk, Neven Bulić, and Stefano Barbanti. "Pulse Pattern Optimization Based on Brute Force Method for Medium-Voltage Three-Level NPC Converter with Active Front End." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101685.

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Nowadays, regulation standards regarding the injection of harmonics in the grid power supply are becoming stricter. These standards have a direct impact on the design and control of converters, especially in medium-voltage drives. To fulfil these standards, converters are designed to work with the power factor as close to unity as possible and to correct the harmonics spectrum in case of a grid power supply with multiple resonances. The preferred modulation technique for medium-voltage drives is usually selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation. This approach requires a precise calculation of pulse patterns (switching angle vs. modulation index) with additional constraints. This research presents a new approach for the determination of optimal pulse patterns. The technique ensures the elimination of low-order harmonics and minimization of some high-order ones. The proposed technique incorporates the additional constraints regarding minimum on/off switching time (pulse duration) and ensures the continuity of pulse patterns. Optimal pulse patterns are determined with the brute force method which searches the feasible solution space by use of the Jacobian matrix null space. Determined pulse patterns are verified by the simulation and experimental measurements.

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Ojha, Amit. "Design of Control System Using Online Tuning of PI Controllers for Three-Phase Active Front End Neutral Point Clamped Three-Level Converter." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530613.

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In conventional DC link AC-AC converter system, uncontrolled front end converter has inherent problem of power quality. To overcome the problem associated with uncontrolled front end converter, multilevel front end converter will be good choice for high power applications. In the paper, unity power factor control system (UPC) for active front end (AFE) neutral point clamped (NPC) 3-level converter is presented. PI controllers are used in UPC and for tuning of PI controllers it is essentially required to know the different time constants with their gains exactly for evaluating the optimized controller parameters for steady operation of the NPC rectifier. In this paper a simplified and accurate method of online tuning of PI controllers in UPC is derived and implemented for three phase AFE NPC 3-level converter. Complete design procedure for the design of control system for AFE NPC 3-level is also presented in this paper. Based on developed model, simulations are carried in MATLAB/SIMULIK environment. Experimentation results confirm the simulation results.

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Viatkin, Aleksandr, Riccardo Mandrioli, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco, and Gabriele Grandi. "AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020116.

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Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests.

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Viatkin, Aleksandr, Riccardo Mandrioli, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco, and Gabriele Grandi. "AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020116.

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Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests.

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Hoffmann, Stefan, Matthias Bock, and Eckart Hoene. "A New Filter Concept for High Pulse-Frequency 3-Phase AFE Motor Drives." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102814.

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The size of back-to-back converters with active front end is significantly determined by the size of the passive filter components. This paper presents a new complete EMC filter concept for this type of converter system that is effective on the input and the output. This involves filtering the main common mode interferences from the grid and motor sides with a single CM choke. Since only the difference of the generated common mode voltage-time areas of both converters is absorbed by this component, the size of the required filter can be greatly reduced compared to conventional filter concepts. The concept is validated on a grid feeding inverter that can be connected to the public distribution network with an output power of 63 kW. The size reduction is demonstrated by means of a design example on a system with the same power and electrical requirements. It is elaborated why, applying the new filter concept, the impedance of the DC link potentials to ground and other electrical potentials should be as high as possible and therefore associated parasitic capacitances should be minimized. From this requirement, rules for the design of the power modules of PFC and motor converters for the application of this filter concept are derived.

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Kumar, Amit, and Gopalakrishna Srungavarapu. "A power quality enhanced grid voltage sensorless predictive direct power control for active front end rectifiers." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 13 (November 9, 2017): 3809–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217732617.

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In this research work, a power quality enhanced grid voltage sensorless deadbeat predictive direct power control (DB-DPC) approach for AC/DC power converters based on latest virtual flux (VF) estimation, DB-DPC and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is proposed. At first, the grid voltage sensorless technique with switching table based DPC, which is a conventional approach, is discussed and its performance is analyzed under both increase of load as well as decrease of load conditions. Further, the proposed technique performance is also analyzed under the same circumstance and its performance is compared with the traditional method. The proposed technique has numerous advantages over the conventional method such as constant switching frequency, better active and reactive power control, good regulation of dc bus voltage, and enhanced power quality performance. As the proposed approach utilizes VF, DB-PC, and SVPWM techniques, this ensure line voltage sensorless approach, excellent control dynamics and constant switching frequency, respectively. At the end, experimental validation is done to confirm the supremacy of the proposed technique under load varying conditions and has a phenomenal performance under these circumstances.

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Chuang Liu, Pengwei Sun, Jih-Sheng Lai, Yanchao Ji, Mingyan Wang, Chien-Liang Chen, and Guowei Cai. "Cascade dual-boost/buck active-front-end converter for intelligent universal transformer." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59, no. 12 (December 2012): 4671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2182014.

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Jing, Tao, Alexander Maklakov, Andrey Radionov, Vadim Gasiyarov, and Yuehua Liang. "Formulations, Solving Algorithms, Existing Problems and Future Challenges of Pre-Programmed PWM Techniques for High-Power AFE Converters: A Comprehensive Review." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051696.

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Considering the development of the hybrid wind and solar photovoltaic generation and smart grid, Active Front-End (AFE) converters for high-power applications are facing significant opportunities and challenges related to power quality and efficiency. The Pre-programmed Pulse-Width Modulation (PPWM) techniques can strictly control the harmonic spectrum of a specified voltage or current waveform generated by a high-power AFE converters, and have been extensively applied to reduce or even eliminate the harmonic distortion with low switching losses for high-power converters in order to deal with these issues aforementioned. For the PPWM techniques with low switching frequency, Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) and Selective Harmonic Mitigation (SHM) have been the prevailing solutions and gain widespread popularity, among which SHM can provide further control of the harmonic spectrum in cases of similar switching losses to SHE. Over the past several decades, the applications of SHE and SHM have been extended to high-power AFE converters. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive literature review regarding their various formulations, solving algorithms, and existing problems to high-power AFE converters. In addition, the suggestions for future applications of PPWM in high-power AFE converters are also discussed.

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Kshatriya, Vamshi Krishna Varma, and Ram Kumar A. "A Novel M-SEPIC DC-DC Converter for BLDC Pumping System with Active PFC using ANFIS Controller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp386-399.

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An exigent consumer related concerns confronted due to utilization of massive front-end AC-DC rectifier in a grid-tied BLDC pumping system. Harmonic distortions are acquired, which prompts the disruption of power quality at utility grid system due to AC-DC conversion. Several factors for enhancing power-quality concerns are ameliorate the grid power-factor along with reduction of harmonic distortions, tightened regulation of DC output voltage. In this way, the DC-DC boost converter plays a unique role; operated in Continuous Conduction Mode. Based on summarizing advantages & disadvantages of classical DC-DC converters, a single switch high voltage gain M-SEPIC DC-DC converter is more suggestive for water pumping system due to non-existence of coupled inductors, low switching loss, low di/dt stress, high efficiency, compact structure, low cost, etc. This work proposes the novel M-SEPIC DC-DC converter fed brushless-DC motor drive is controlled by voltage source inverter and powered by single-phase grid system with improved power-quality features. Moreover, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System is recommended for prediction of optimal switching states to amplify the BLDC motor speed and torque-ripple depreciation. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated under constant speed situations by real-time operating conditions which are evaluated by Matlab /Simulink tool; and simulation results are conferred with attractive comparisons.

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., SH Suresh Kumar Budi. "A NOVEL P-Q CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR COMBINED ACTIVE FRONT END CONVERTER AND SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 12 (December 25, 2013): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0212130.

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Liu, Xing, Lin Qiu, Wenjie Wu, Jien Ma, Youtong Fang, Zhouhua Peng, and Dan Wang. "Efficient model-free predictive power control for active front-end modular multilevel converter." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 132 (November 2021): 107058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107058.

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Wang, Rui, Qiuye Sun, Qifu Cheng, and Dazhong Ma. "The Stability Analysis of a Multi-Port Single-Phase Solid-State Transformer in the Electromagnetic Timescale." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092250.

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This paper proposes an overall practical stability assessment for a multi-port single-phase solid-state transformer (MS3T) in the electromagnetic timescale. When multiple stable subsystems are combined into one MS3T, the newly formed MS3T has a certain possibility to be unstable. Thus, this paper discusses the stability assessment of the MS3T in detail. First and foremost, the structure of the MS3T and its three stage control strategies are proposed. Furthermore, the stability analysis of each of the MS3T’s subsystems is achieved through the closed loop transfer function of each subsystem, respectively, including an AC-DC front-end side converter, dual active bridge (DAB) with a high-frequency (HF) or medium-frequency (MF) transformer, and back-end side incorporating DC-AC and dc-dc converters. Furthermore, the practical impedance stability criterion in the electromagnetic timescale, which only requires two current sensors and one external high-bandwidth small-signal sinusoidal perturbation current source, is proposed by the Gershgorin theorem and Kirchhoff laws. Finally, the overall stability assessment, based on a modified impedance criterion for the MS3T is investigated. The overall practical stability assessment of the MS3T can be validated through extensive simulation and hardware results.

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Abdelrahem, Mohamed, Christoph Michael Hackl, and Ralph Kennel. "Finite set model predictive control with on-line parameter estimation for active frond-end converters." Electrical Engineering 100, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 1497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-017-0606-3.

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Fang, Hui, Zhenbin Zhang, Xiaoyun Feng, and Ralph Kennel. "Ripple‐reduced model predictive direct power control for active front‐end power converters with extended switching vectors and time‐optimised control." IET Power Electronics 9, no. 9 (July 2016): 1914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0857.

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Banda, Joseph Kiran, and Amit Kumar Jain. "Single-current-sensor-based active front-end-converter-fed four quadrants induction motor drive." Sādhanā 42, no. 8 (June 20, 2017): 1275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12046-017-0681-1.

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Zabihinejad, Amin, and Philippe Viarouge. "Global optimization of high-power modular multilevel active-front-end converter using analytical model." Electrical Engineering 100, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-017-0523-5.

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SATIVA, ORYZA, ASEP ANDANG, and ABDUL CHOBIR. "Pemodelan Active Front End Converter (AFE) Tiga-Fasa Tiga-Kaki menggunakan Kendali Model Predictive Control (MPC)." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v11i1.241.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas Active Front End Converter (AFE) tiga-fasa tiga-kaki menggunakan kendali Model Predictive Control (MPC) pada pensakelaran converter yang dapat mengurangi nilai harmonisa dan memperbaiki faktor daya pada jaringan. Kendali MPC digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi tegangan dan arus AFE dengan cara memasukkan vektor tegangan yang dihasilkan oleh sakelar konverter ke dalam model state-space diskrit dan dievaluasi menggunakan cost function. Simulasi model dilakukan pada beberapa kondisi, yaitu simulasi beban resistif, beban induktif, beban kapasitif, beban nonlinear, dan variable frequency drive (VFD) dengan motor induksi. Simulasi beban resistif, THDv dan THDi secara berurutan nilai rata-ratanya sebesar 0.02% dan 0.45%, beban induktif, 0.01% dan 1.92%, beban kapasitif, 0.01% dan 1.92%, beban nonlinear, 0.03% dan 1.23%, dan beban VFD dengan motor induksi sebesar 0.04% dan 1.18%. Faktor daya pada simulasi beban bervariasi menghasilkan unity. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan kesimpulan kendali MPC pada AFE mampu meningkatkan kualitas daya listrik.Kata kunci: Harmonisa, Faktor Daya, AFE, MPC, Model Vektor Ruang ABSTRACTThis study discusses a three-phase three-leg Active Front End Converter (AFE) using Model Predictive Control (MPC) which controls converter switching to reduce harmonic values and improve the power factor on the network. MPC is used to predict the AFE voltage and current by entering the voltage vector generated by the converter switch into a discrete state-space model and evaluated using a cost function. The simulations of the model have been done under several conditions, resistive loads, inductive loads, capacitive loads, nonlinear loads, and variable frequency drive (VFD) with an induction motor. Resistive load simulations, THDv and THDi respectively, the average values are 0.02% and 0.45%, inductive load, 0.01% and 1.92%, capacitive load, 0.01% and 1.92%, nonlinear load, 0.03% and 1.23%, and load VFD with induction motor is 0.04% and 1.18%. The power factor in the varying load simulation results is unity. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that MPC control on AFE can improve electrical power quality. Keywords: Harmonics, Power Factor, AFE, MPC, Space Vector Model

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Nikolaev, Aleksandr, Aleksandr Maklakov, Mikhail Bulanov, Ildar Gilemov, Aleksandr Denisevich, and Maksim Afanasev. "Current Electromagnetic Compatibility Problems of High-Power Industrial Electric Drives with Active Front-End Rectifiers Connected to a 6–35 kV Power Grid: A Comprehensive Overview." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010293.

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Today, electric drive systems based on frequency converters with active front-end rectifiers (FC-AFEs) are widespread across industries. In the course of the upgrade of production facilities, such systems replace the conventional converters with thyristor- and diode-based rectifiers. FC-AFEs have the following advantages: the capacity to regenerate the power to the grid and the capacity to operate at the set power factor. The manufacturers of FC-AFEs also claim that their products have the best electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with the power grid. The best EMC shall be achieved via a multilevel FC-AFE topology and specialized pulse-width modulation (PWM) algorithms for AFE rectifiers. However, the experience of operating mid-voltage high-power electric drives with an FC-AFE in 6–35 kV factory distribution grids with non-linear frequency response due to resonant phenomena refutes the claims of the FC-AFE manufacturers. Resonant phenomena in 6–35 kV grids are caused by the interaction of the inductance of grid components (transformers, reactors) and the capacitance of output cable lines. If the resonance frequency at a sufficient amplitude corresponds to the harmonic frequency of the current consumed by the FC-AFE, the distribution grid will feature high-frequency voltage distortions. This may lead to failures in voltage quality-sensitive electrical consumers. This problem recurred at various metallurgical companies. The purpose of this research is to make a comprehensive overview of the EMC problems during the operation of FC-AFEs at active production facilities, as well as the analysis of the technical solutions aimed at the improvement of the EMC of high-power FC-AFEs with the power grid.

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Tsenes, Ptros S., Giorgos E. Stratakos, and Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu. "X-Band MMIC Active Mixers." Active and Passive Electronic Components 25, no. 1 (2002): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827510211277.

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In this paper two active MMIC mixers for RF front-end applications are described. A down-converter that converts an RF signal(fRF=10.45 GHz)into an IF signal(fIF=0.95 GHz)using an LO signal(fLO=9.5 GHz)and an up-converter that performs the opposite process have been fabricated. The down-converter is designed using the topology of a dual-gate pHEMT, while the up-converter is implemented in the form of a double balanced mixer using the topology of the Gilbert cell and the occupied areas are approximately0.78 mm2and3.86 mm2, respectively. Both mixers present conversion gain, very low input and output return losses, very good isolation between all of their ports and the required LO power is quite low, while the up-converter contains on chip, except for the dc-bias and matching sub-circuits, the required LO and RF baluns. Both circuits have been fabricated using the H-40 process of GEC-Marconi. Section 1 presents fundamentals on mixer theory and mixer design while in Section 2 the characteristics of H-40 process are described. In Section 3 and in Section 4 the designing, the simulated and the measured results of the down-converter and the up-converter are presented, respectively.

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Petković, Marko, and Dražen Dujić. "Terminal characteristics measurements and analysis of the three‐phase Active Front‐End converter building block." IET Electric Power Applications 15, no. 10 (July 6, 2021): 1399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12107.

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Qiu, Lin, Xing Liu, Jiahao Sun, Jian Zhang, Jien Ma, and Youtong Fang. "Fast Finite-Set Model Predictive Control for Three-Phase Four-Arm Active Front End Modular Multilevel Converters Under Unbalanced and Distorted Network Conditions." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 30504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2970474.

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Ojha, Amit, Pradyumn Chaturvedi, Arvind Mittal, and S. Jain. "Neutral Point Potential Control for Three Phase 3 - level Neutral Point Clamped Active Front End Converter." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 342–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2017.9.2.10.

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Zabihinejad, Amin, and Philippe Viarouge. "Optimal Design of High-Power Modular Multilevel Active Front-End Converter Using an Innovative Analytical Model." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 10 (October 2018): 3417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2018.2844352.

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Huerta, Francisco, Sebastian Stynski, Santiago Cobreces, Mariusz Malinowski, and Francisco J. Rodriguez. "Novel Control of Three-Phase Active Front-End Converter With Compensation of Unknown Grid-Side Inductance." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, no. 8 (August 2011): 3275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2089942.

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Salgado-Herrera, Nadia Maria, David Campos-Gaona, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Miguel Robles, Osvaldo Rodríguez-Hernández, and Juan Ramón Rodríguez-Rodríguez. "THD Reduction in Distributed Renewables Energy Access through Wind Energy Conversion System Integration under Wind Speed Conditions in Tamaulipas, Mexico." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183550.

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In this article, a technique for the reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) in distributed renewables energy access (DREA) composed of wind turbines is introduced and tested under the wind speed conditions presented in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The analysis and simulation are delimited by a study case based on wind speeds measured and recorded for one year at two highs in the municipality of Soto La Marina, Tamaulipas, Mexico. From this information, the most probable wind speed and the corresponding turbulence intensity is calculated and applied to a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The WECS is composed of an active front-end (AFE) converter topology using four voltage source converters (VSCs) connected in parallel with a different phase shift angle at the digital sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DSPWM) signals of each VSC. The WECS is formed by the connection of five type-4 wind turbines (WTs). The effectiveness and robustness of the DREA integration are reviewed in the light of a complete mathematical model and corroborated by the simulation results in Matlab-Simulink®. The results evidence a reduction of the THD in grid currents up to four times and which enables the delivery of a power capacity of 10 MVA in the Tamaulipas AC distribution grid that complies with grid code of harmonic distortion production.

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Elbarbary, Z. "Six-switch converter fed sensorless three-phase IM drive for home appliances." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.3.2012.1.7.

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Abstract In this paper, a single-phase to three-phase converter is proposed to provide variable output voltage and frequency. The proposed topology employs only six IGBT switches, which form the front-end rectifier and the output inverter for the one step conversion from single-phase supply to output three-phase supply. The front-end rectifier permits bidirectional power flow and provides excellent regulation against fluctuations in source voltage. Moreover, it incorporates active input current shaping feature. An easy method to implement control strategy is proposed. This control strategy ensures nearly unity input power factor with sinusoidal input current over the operating range. Based on sensorless vector control technique, the proposed converter is used for the speed control of the three-phase induction motor. A low cost motor drive can be achieved using the proposed converter and control technique. Simulation and experimental results are carried out to analyse and explore the characteristics of the low cost drive system.

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Anand, R., B. Gayathridevi, and B. K. Keshavan. "Vertical Transportation: Effects of Harmonics of Drives by PM Machines." Power Electronics and Drives 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2018-0020.

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Abstract Permanent magnet motor drive is a widely used technology, offering many advantages, such as exceptional speed, torque control and greater flexibility. Improvement of reliability and efficiency has become a great research interest. Towards this direction and taking into account the major developments in permanent machine technology over the recent years, the use of energy recovery converters has been introduced in various industrial applications. In this paper, the effects of harmonics on a three-phase motor controlled by a drive are analysed, and the behaviours of the filter topology after adopting regenerative drives are studied. The main contribution of this study is a methodology to foresee the standards that can be achieved with the use of an active front end system topology with filters. Moreover, the use of an optimum filter that eases the power system distortion is presented. The analysis presented in this paper is validated experimentally.

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Vavilapalli, Sridhar, Umashankar Subramaniam, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Design and Controller-In-Loop Simulations of a Low Cost Two-Stage PV-Simulator." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102774.

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A PV-Simulator is a DC power source in which the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of different PV arrays can be programmed. With a PV-simulator, the operation of the solar power conditioning systems can be validated at a laboratory level itself before actual field trials. In this work, design, operation and controls for a two-stage programmable PV-simulator required for the testing of solar power conditioning systems are presented. The proposed PV-simulator consists of a three-level T-type active front-end converter in the first stage and a buck-chopper-based DC-DC converter in the second stage. An active front-end rectifier using a three-level T-type IGBT-based converter is used at the input stage to help in operating the system at unity power factor. A DC-DC converter at the output stage of the simulator is regulated to obtain the I-V characteristics of the programmed PV-Array. Hardware-In-Loop simulations are carried out to validate the proposed system and the associated controls implemented in the controller. As a case study, this PV-simulator is programmed with electrical parameters of a selected PV-array and the characteristics obtained from the PV-simulator are compared with the actual PV-array characteristics. The dynamic response of the system for sudden changes in the load and sudden changes in irradiance values are studied.

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Salgado-Herrera, Nadia Maria, David Campos-Gaona, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Aurelio Medina-Rios, Roberto Tapia-Sánchez, and Juan Ramon Rodríguez-Rodríguez. "THD Reduction in Wind Energy System Using Type-4 Wind Turbine/PMSG Applying the Active Front-End Converter Parallel Operation." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092458.

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In this paper, the active front-end (AFE) converter topology for the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction in a wind energy system (WES) is used. A higher THD results in serious pulsations in the wind turbine (WT) output power and several power losses at the WES. The AFE converter topology improves the capability, efficiency, and reliability in the energy conversion devices; by modifying a conventional back-to-back converter, from using a single voltage source converter (VSC) to use pVSC connected in parallel, the AFE converter is generated. The THD reduction is achieved by applying a different phase shift angle at the carrier of digital sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DSPWM) switching signals of each VSC. To verify the functionality of the proposed methodology, the WES simulation in Matlab-Simulink® (Matlab r2015b, Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) is analyzed, and the experimental laboratory tests using the concept of rapid control prototyping (RCP) and the real-time simulator Opal-RT Technologies (Montreal, QC, Canada) is achieved. The obtained results show a type-4 WT with a total output power of 6 MVA, generating a THD reduction up to 5.5 times of the total WES current output by Fourier series expansion.

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Shen, Xiaoning, Jianxing Liu, Abraham Marquez, Wensheng Luo, Jose I. Leon, Sergio Vazquez, and Leopoldo G. Franquelo. "A High-Gain Observer-Based Adaptive Super-Twisting Algorithm for DC-Link Voltage Control of NPC Converters." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051110.

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Acting as an interface between the grid and many energy systems, the active front-end (AFE) has been widely used in a large variety of industrial applications. In this paper, in order to ensure the fast dynamic performance and good disturbance rejection ability of the AFE, a high-gain observer (HGO) plus adaptive super-twisting algorithm (STA) for the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter is proposed. Comparing with the conventional PI control strategy, the proposed controller implements the adaptive STA in the voltage regulator to provide a faster transient response. The gains of the adaptive STA keep varying according to the rules being reduced in steady state but increasing in transient conditions. Therefore, the chattering phenomenon is mitigated and the dynamic response is guaranteed. Additionally, to undermine the impact of external disturbances on the dc-link voltage, a high-efficiency HGO is designed in the voltage regulation loop to reject it. Experimental results based on a three-level NPC prototype are given and compared with the conventional PI method to validate the fast dynamic performance and high disturbance rejection ability of the proposed approach.

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Chen, Sizheng, Tingting Shi, Lei Ma, Cheng Kang, Na Yan, and Hao Min. "A Low Power Impedance Transparent Receiver with Linearity Enhancement Technique for IoT Applications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9130910.

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A low power receiver with impedance transparent RF front end is presented. By using the 4-path passive mixer and the active feedback of LNA, the baseband impedance profile is further transferred to receiver input. While a LO-defined input matching is formed by RF front end, the linearity of entire receiver chain is improved. Furthermore, derivative superposition technique is employed to cancel the distortion of the CMOS LNA. A 3rd-order active-RC filter is designed with current-efficient feedforward compensated OTA. And a digital-to-time converter (DTC) assisted fractional-N all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) is codesigned with receiver to meet the IoT requirements. The presented receiver is fabricated in 55 nm CMOS technology with an active area of 2.3 mm2 and power consumption of 20 mW. Measurement results show that the receiver achieves 5.3 dB NF with 78 dB gain from 0.6 to 1 GHz, the RX out-of-band IIP3 is +8 dBm, and in-band IIP3 is −10 dBm, and the ADPLL achieves −94 dBc/Hz in-band PN and −120.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.

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Varu, Deepakkumar M., and Nitin H. Adroja. "Design of Single Phase Active Front End Converter With Reduced Line Current Harmonics for Power Factor Improvement." INROADS- An International Journal of Jaipur National University 5, no. 1s (2016): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-4912.2016.00061.8.

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Wiechmann, E. P., R. P. Burgos, and J. Holtz. "Active front-end converter for medium-voltage current-source drives using sequential-sampling synchronous space-vector modulation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 50, no. 6 (December 2003): 1275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2003.819692.

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Pontt, J., J. Rodriguez, and R. Huerta. "Mitigation of Noneliminated Harmonics of SHEPWM Three-Level Multipulse Three-Phase Active Front End Converters With Low Switching Frequency for Meeting Standard IEEE-519-92." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 19, no. 6 (November 2004): 1594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2004.836616.

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Thentral, Thamizh, Ramya Rathakrishnan, Velu Anbalagan, Karthikeyan Dhandapani, Usha Sengamalai, and Palanisamy Ramasamy. "Mitigation of current harmonics in multi-drive system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp113-121.

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Most of the fully automated industries are mainly depending on the single and multi-drive system based on their requirements. In this paper, to investigate the power quality problems in a distributed multi drive system connected to the common uncontrolled rectifier is considered. Uncontrolled rectifier is mainly used as a front-end converter to feed direct current (DC) supply to the same rating of two voltage source inverters with induction motors as a multi-drive system. To analyse the effectiveness of the system the two drive systems are operated in different time period. Then, both are operated simultaneously to monitor the power quality issues, due to the front-end converter present in the system. In both the cases the harmonics in source current is not within the limits of IEEE recommended practices. Therefore, to reduce the harmonic content present in the current at source, a shunt active power filter is implemented. The effect of two drive systems operated at the same time is analysed first. Then, active filter is injected in between the source and the multi-drive system in parallel to improve the power quality of the grid system. The individual and multi-drive drive systems are analysed with the simulation results.

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Hamad, MS, and MI Masoud. "Compensated Medium Voltage 6-Pulse CSR Using Shunt Active Power Filters: Three Different Configurations." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol11iss1pp1-10.

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The 6-pulse controlled AC/DC converter produces harmonics. The input current total harmonic distortion and the input power factor, which is firing delay angle dependent, are major drawbacks, and a compensation technique is mandatory. This paper introduces a compensated 6-pulse current sourcecontrolled rectifier with a shunt active power filter (APF ) in different configurations. The shunt APF with predictive current control is coupled to the 6-pulse systems in three different compensation configurations. The APF is connected either directly to the front-end transformer primary or secondary side or via a transformer to reduce the filter side voltage. The comparison between these configuration is introduced; each configuration has merits and demerits. The comparison cannot be genuine. Simulation results are presented for a medium voltage converter which is scaled to allow low-voltage experimental confirmation.

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Marzoughi, Alinaghi, Rolando Burgos, and Dushan Boroyevich. "Optimum Design Guidelines for the Modular Multilevel Converter in Active Front-End Applications: Considerations for Passive Component Reduction." IEEE Power Electronics Magazine 5, no. 2 (June 2018): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpel.2018.2821958.

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Athab, Hussain S., Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu, and Krishnathevar Ramar. "A Single-Switch AC/DC Flyback Converter Using a CCM/DCM Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction Front-End." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59, no. 3 (March 2012): 1517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2158771.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Active Front End Converters'

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