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Powell, Andrew. "On the active guidance of railway vehicles." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27142.
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The conflict between stability and curving has been well documented since the dawn of the railways. Advances in computer technology and deeper understanding of the complex mechanics of the wheel-rail interface have led to the study of innovative designs. This thesis outlines the need for steering systems for railway applications. A number of innovative passive solutions have been proposed to reduce the conflict between stability and curving. Comparisons of some of these solutions show that significant benefits can be obtained by using uncommon configurations.
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Malcolm, George Law. "Target template guidance of eye movements during real-world search." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4487.
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Humans must regularly locate task-relevant objects when interacting with the world around them. Previous research has identified different types of information that the visual system can use to help locate objects in real-world scenes, including low-level image features and scene context. However, previous research using object arrays suggest that there may be another type of information that can guide real-world search: target knowledge. When a participant knows what a target looks like they generate and store a visual representation, or template, of it. This template then facilitates the search process. A complete understanding of real-world search needs to identify how a target template guides search through scenes. Three experiments in Chapter 2 confirmed that a target template facilitates realworld search. By using an eye-tracker target knowledge was found to facilitate both scanning and verification behaviours during search, but not the search initiation process. Within the scanning epoch a target template facilitated gaze directing and shortened fixation durations. These results suggest that target knowledge affects both the activation map, which selects which regions of the scene to fixate, and the evaluation process that compares a fixated object to the internal representation of the target. With the exact behaviours that a target template facilitates now identified, Chapter 3 investigated the role that target colour played in template-guided search. Colour is one of the more interesting target features as it has been shown to be preferred by the visual system over other features when guiding search through object arrays. Two real-world search experiments in Chapter 3 found that colour information had its strongest effect on the gaze directing process, suggesting that the visual system relies heavily on colour information when searching for target-similar regions in the scene percept. Although colour was found to facilitate the evaluation process too, both when rejecting a fixated object as a distracter and accepting it as the target, this behaviour was found to be influenced comparatively less. This suggests that the two main search behaviours – gaze directing and region evaluation – rely on different sets of template features. The gaze directing process relies heavily on colour information, but knowledge of other target features will further facilitate the evaluation process. Chapter 4 investigated how target knowledge combined with other types of information to guide search. This is particularly relevant in real-world search where several sources of guidance information are simultaneously available. A single experiment investigated how target knowledge and scene context combined to facilitate search. Both information types were found to facilitate scanning and verification behaviours. During the scanning epoch both facilitated the eye guidance and object evaluation processes. When both information sources were available to the visual system simultaneously, each search behaviour was facilitated additively. This suggests that the visual system processes target template and scene context information independently. Collectively, the results indicate not only the manner in which a target template facilitates real-world search but also updates our understanding of real-world search and the visual system. These results can help increase the accuracy of future realworld search models by specifying the manner in which our visual system utilises target template information, which target features are predominantly relied upon and how target knowledge combines with other types of guidance information.
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Pretlove, John. "Stereoscopic eye-in-hand active machine vision for real-time adaptive robot arm guidance." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843230/.
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This thesis describes the design, development and implementation of a robot mounted active stereo vision system for adaptive robot arm guidance. This provides a very flexible and intelligent system that is able to react to uncertainty in a manufacturing environment. It is capable of tracking and determining the 3D position of an object so that the robot can move towards, and intercept, it. Such a system has particular applications in remotely controlled robot arms, typically working in hostile environments. The stereo vision system is designed on mechatronic principles and is modular, light-weight and uses state-of-the-art dc servo-motor technology. Based on visual information, it controls camera vergence and focus independently while making use of the flexibility of the robot for positioning. Calibration and modelling techniques have been developed to determine the geometry of the stereo vision system so that the 3D position of objects can be estimated from the 2D camera information. 3D position estimates are obtained by stereo triangulation. A method for obtaining a quantitative measure of the confidence of the 3D position estimate is presented which is a useful built-in error checking mechanism to reject false or poor 3D matches. A predictive gaze controller has been incorporated into the stereo head control system. This anticipates the relative 3D motion of the object to alleviate the effect of computational delays and ensures a smooth trajectory. Validation experiments have been undertaken with a Puma 562 industrial robot to show the functional integration of the camera system with the robot controller. The vision system is capable of tracking moving objects and the information this provides is used to update command information to the controller. The vision system has been shown to be in full control of the robot during a tracking and intercept duty cycle.
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Karahan, Murat. "Prioritized Exploration Strategy Based On Invasion Percolation Guidance." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611450/index.pdf.
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The major aim in search and rescue using mobile robots is to reach trapped survivors and
to support rescue operations through the disaster environments. Our motivation is based
on the fact that a search and rescue (SAR) robot can navigate within and penetrate a
disaster area only if the area in question possesses connected voids Traversability or
penetrability of a disaster area is a primary factor that guides the navigation of a search
and rescue (SAR) robot, since it is highly desirable that the robot, without hitting a dead
end or getting stuck, keeps its mobility for its primary task of reconnaissance and
mapping when searching the highly unstructured environment We propose two novel
guided prioritized exploration system: 1) percolation guided methodology where a
percolator estimates the existence of connected voids in the upcoming yet unexplored
region ahead of the robot so as to increase the efficiency of reconnaissance operation by
the superior ability of the percolation guidance in speedy coverage of the area2) the hybrid exploration methodology that makes the percolation guided exploration collaborate with entropy based SLAM under a switching control dependent on either priority given to position accuracy or to map accuracy This second methodology has proven to combine the superiority of both methods so that the active SLAM becomes speedy, with high coverage rate of the area as well as accurate in localization.
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James, Karsten J. "Feasibility of Microsatellite Active Debris Removal Systems." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1047.
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Space debris has become an increasingly hazardous obstacle to continued spaceflight operations. In an effort to mitigate this problem an investigation of the feasibility of a microsatellite active debris removal system was conducted. Through proposing a novel concept of operation, utilizing a grapple-and-tug system architecture, and by analyzing each resultant mission phase in the frame of a representative example, it was found that microsatellite scale systems are capable of fulfilling the active debris removal mission. Analysis of rendezvous, docking, control and deorbit mission requirements determined that the design of a grapple-and-tug system will be driven by sizing of the propellant required to deorbit the target vehicle. Further sensitivity analysis determined that target altitude and mass are critical factors in determining the capabilities of a microsatellite mission. Preliminary sizing demonstrated that hardware considerations for both satellite core and mission related activities do not impede microsatellite feasibility. Further investigation of microsatellite debris removal missions including detailed design analysis and engineering is suggested.
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Bengtsson, Anki. "Governance of Career Guidance : an enquiry into European policy." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130810.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to enquire into and problematize the governance of career guidance and how individuals’ career management is constructed within EU policy. The empirical material consists of European policy documents produced during 2000-2015. The two central research questions explore (1) how European career guidance is made governable, and (2) how individuals’ career management is constructed and governed. The Foucauldian governmentality perspective and the analytic method of problematization is utilized. The analysis focuses on the compositions of normative forms of reason, discursive practices and techniques by which governing is exercised and knowledge is produced. The thesis is based on four articles, three of which concern career guidance and career management. The fourth article concerns education of citizenship. The analysis shows that the formation of a policy space for comparison of national systems of career guidance is significant for making European career guidance amenable to governance. It is mobilized by governing practices for involvement of institutional actors and the construction of standards of performance. This form of governance becomes effective on the condition that institutional actors use and produce knowledge and practices about what works in career guidance, and this implies self-control and constant monitoring. It is a complex process of producing self-regulation of career guidance adjustable to change and innovation in which both standardization and modulation are inbuilt. Moreover, this is dependent on the interplay of governance and self-government. Knowledge and practices shape career management as an individual competence, which each individual is assumed to achieve. The use of guidance techniques supporting this design and self-regulating practices contributes to responsibilizing individuals to achieve this competence. Knowledge of individuals’ management of their careers includes civic competence. This led me to extend my use of the theoretical framework to investigate how knowledge of civic competence is constructed in European policy documents concerning teacher education from 2000 to 2012. My analysis shows that presumptions of teaching civic competence support the production of the active and learning subject.
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MacLean, Steven M. "Modeling and Simulation of a Sounding Rocket Active Stabilization System." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1735.
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The Horizon Simulation Framework is a modeling and simulation framework developed to verify system level requirements. In this thesis, the framework is extended to include the Dynamic position type that existed in the early development phase of the framework. The Dynamic position type is tested through the modeling and simulation of a sounding rocket. An active control system based on linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) control theory is implemented and tested in the simulation to determine the overall effect on altitude. A first order aerodynamics and aeroprediction model are created within the framework to allow for rapid changes early in the design process of the sounding rocket. The flight dynamics are compared to two different sounding rocket flights and the aeroprediction model is validated against public wind tunnel test data.
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Hubbard, Keith, Gary Katulka, Dave Lyon, Doug Petrick, Frank Fresconi, and T. G. Horwath. "Low-Cost Semi-Active Laser Seekers for US Army Application." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606162.
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ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is exploring technologies to provide low-cost precision fires, applicable across both direct and indirect fire weapon systems. One of these applications involves a forward observer (FO) designating the target with a laser spot and a seeker on-board the munition detecting the reflected energy to allow terminal guidance. This approach, referred to as semi-active laser (SAL) guidance, has been utilized on numerous air-delivered munitions to include bombs, missiles and projectiles. However, the cost of these systems, driven by high quality optics, high sensitivity detectors and specialized electronics, has hampered their migration into gun-fired munitions such as mortars, artillery and grenades. To explore, develop and demonstrate minimal cost solutions, ARL invested in an Army Technical Objective (ATO) called Smaller, Lighter, Cheaper Munition Components (SLCMC). Specifically, SAL seeker hardware, predicated upon commercial components (COTS) and mass production techniques, is being prototyped for use with gun launched projectiles and laser target designators. The seeker system is comprised of several printed circuit board boards, a microprocessor, a quad-photo detector and, a molded optical lens unit. This seeker is designed to rapidly update the projectile boresight angle, interface with other strap-down sensors, and feed data into an on-board guidance, navigation & control (G,N&C) system to allow for projectile maneuvers. The seeker design and basic characteristics are discussed and presented through-out the paper and presentation.
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Aryaksama, Thibault. "Confined cell nematics submitted to an orientation field. Applications to differentiation." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS039.
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In vivo, les groupes de cellules ont besoin de se déplacer de façon coordonnée pour pouvoir développer des fonctions physiologiques. Certaines cellules sont entourées d’une matrice extracellulaire, un réseau de protéines allant du nanomètre aux centaines de micromètres. Dans un tel environnement, les cellules peuvent se déplacer ensemble,guidées par l’orientation du réseau. Ce comportement a été étudié in vitro dans des systèmes simplifiés utilisant des guides de différentes tailles. Ces études montrent que la taille du guide contrôle le mouvement collectif des cellules.Cependant, ce mouvement collectif et les mécanismes associés sont encore flous dans les systèmes où coexistent des guides de plusieurs tailles.Dans cette thèse, nous avons cultivés des cellules sur des substrats présentant deux échelles de tailles: des microabrasions subcellulaires orientées selon un angle par rapport à des bandes mésoscopiques plus larges. Nous montrons que la largeur de la bande contrôle une transition d’orientation des cellules entre les deux modes de guidage,et ce, pour une largeur critique. Plus précisément, l’angle au centre dans les bandes larges est stabilisé par un effet de“contact guidance” indépendant de l’activité cellulaire, alors même que la migration collective des cellules montre un écoulement de cisaillement aux bords de la bande. Ces observations ont été reliées à un modèle théorique que nous avons développé, basé sur la matière active. De plus, en changeant l’orientation des microabrasions, nous avons mesuré le “flow-alignment parameter” pour la première fois dans de tels systèmes.Ces mécanismes généraux peuvent s’appliquer à d’autres contextes in vivo, en particulier pendant la myogénèse. En cultivant des myoblastes de souris, les cellules C2C12, sur nos substrats multi-échelles, nous avons observé leur auto-organisation en une “corde cellulaire” tridimensionnelle. Grâce à cette structure particulière, la différentiation a été favorisée par rapport aux méthodes classiques de la littérature. Ceci montre un impact réel de la géométrie du substrat sur le processus de différentiation. Nous proposons donc une méthode simple de myogénèse basée seulement sur l’auto-organisation cellulaire. Cette thèse peut avoir des applications dans l’ingénierie tissulaireGroup of cells in vivo need to move together in order to achieve physiological function. In particular, some cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix, a meshwork of proteins displaying sizes ranging from nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. In such environments, cells can move altogether directed by mesh orientation. This behaviour has been studied in vitro for simplified systems using guiding cues of different sizes. These studies show that the size of the cue controlled the cell collective motion. However, cell collective motion and the mechanisms involved in systems displaying a mix of different length scales cues are still unclear.In this thesis, we plated cells on substrates that have been textured at two length scales: subcellular microridges making an angle with a wider mesoscopic stripe. We show that the stripe’s width controls a transition at a critical width for the orientation angle of the cells between the two limiting cases. More precisely, middle angle in wider stripes is stabilized by a simple contact guidance effect independent of cell activity while collective cell migration display shear flows close to the edge of stripes. These observations fit a theoretical model we developed based on active matter framework. More interestingly, changing the microscale field orientation allowed us to measure the so-called flow-alignment parameter for the first time in such systems.Understanding these general mechanisms can be relevant in other several contexts in vivo, in particular during myogenesis. By seeding C2C12 mouse myoblasts cells on our previous multiscale system, we observed the self-organization of a 3D “cell cord” in the center of stripes. Due to their particular structures, differentiation was favored compared to classical patterns of the literature showing a real impact of geometrical conditions on cell differentiation processes. We then managed to provide a simple method of muscle differentiation based on cellular self-organization only. This thesis could have outcomes in the tissue engineering field
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Abbaspour, Ali Reza. "Active Fault-Tolerant Control Design for Nonlinear Systems." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3917.
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Faults and failures in system components are the two main reasons for the instability and the degradation in control performance. In recent decades, fault-tolerant control (FTC) approaches were introduced to improve the resiliency of the control system against faults and failures. In general, FTC techniques are classified into two major groups: passive and active. Passive FTC systems do not rely on the fault information to control the system and are closely related to the robust control techniques while an active FTC system performs based on the information received from the fault detection and isolation (FDI) system, and the fault problem will be tackled more intelligently without affecting other parts of the system.
This dissertation technically reviews fault and failure causes in control systems and finds solutions to compensate for their effects. Recent achievements in FDI approaches, and active and passive FTC designs are investigated. Thorough comparisons of several different aspects are conducted to understand the advantages and disadvantages of different FTC techniques to motivate researchers to further developing FTC, and FDI approaches.
Then, a novel active FTC system framework based on online FDI is presented which has significant advantages in comparison with other state of the art FTC strategies. To design the proposed active FTC, a new FDI approach is introduced which uses the artificial neural network (ANN) and a model based observer to detect and isolate faults and failures in sensors and actuators. In addition, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is introduced to tune ANN weights and improve the ANN performance. Then, the FDI signal combined with a nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) technique is used to compensate for the faults in the actuators and sensors of a nonlinear system. The proposed scheme detects and accommodates faults in the actuators and sensors of the system in real-time without the need of controller reconfiguration.
The proposed active FTC approach is used to design a control system for three different applications: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), load frequency control system, and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The performance of the designed controllers are investigated through numerical simulations by comparison with conventional control approaches, and their advantages are demonstrated.
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Jalasutram, Srikanth. "Design of an intelligent posture guidance system for workspace seating." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41117.
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Seating is an integral part of work environment. When people are at work, they often sit in chairs for long periods of time without changing postures. This results in reduced blood circulation in the body, especially in the buttock-thigh area causing muscle fatigue, pain and discomfort. Ergonomically designed task chairs adopt a passive approach to guiding people into better postures by providing adjustability inside the chair. However most people do not adjust their chairs because they fail to sense the need for changing posture. They are left to sensing the need to change posture through guesswork or extreme discomfort. This thesis proposes a new system to address this problem by sensing static posture in a seated person with the use of electronic sensors embedded in the seat, and by providing interactive feedback to static posture via sound, light and tactile channels. The new technology is an sensing-feedback mechanism embedded in a chair, that allows people to receive postural information and make body adjustments periodically to avoid pain and discomfort caused by prolonged seating.The feedback mechanism was tested with four subjects to determine its efficacy in generating posture change through pressure relief and user feedback was gathered in order to design the final prototype.
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Obajtek, Sylvain. "L'orientation active à l'université : mystification pédagogique ou travail éducatif ? : acteurs, représentations, pratiques." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30024/document.
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L’Université se trouve aujourd’hui au cœur d’un impératif social, présumé légitime et incontournable, de former des citoyens capables de s’insérer de manière durable sur le marché du travail, d’évoluer et de participer activement aux besoins de l’économie. Ces transformations, induites par la mondialisation et les injonctions du Conseil de l’Union européenne pour « favoriser la compétitivité européenne dans une économie mondiale fondée sur la connaissance » (2007), se sont cristallisées en France dans le cadre de la LRU (2007)et de ses précisions avec le Plan réussite en Licence (PRL, 2007). Trois principaux axes s’en détachent : l’orientation et l’insertion professionnelle des étudiants doivent être une priorité de l’Université (au même titre que la formation et la recherche scientifique) ; une logique de rentabilité et de rationalisation de l’enseignement universitaire et de ses débouchés doit se développer ; au moins la moitié d’une classe d’âge doit parvenir au niveau de qualification d’un diplôme d’enseignement supérieur. C’est au regard de ces changements que ce travail de recherche s’est intéressé à la thématique de l’orientation universitaire, et plus précisément aux questions que pose aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ces politiques quant à leur réception et leur appropriation par les « acteurs de l’orientation » à l’Université. Dans cette perspective, notre attention s’est portée sur l’instauration de l’ « orientation active » à l’Université. Au sein de cet espace en construction,dont les tensions intégrées traduisent une bipolarisation autour de ce que nous nommons « travail éducatif » et « mystification pédagogique », cette recherche montre que l’engagement des enseignants-chercheurs se situe au confluent d’un ajustement de logiques, en tensions créatrices entre utilité sociale et développement professionnelUniversities today are situated at the center of an emerging social imperative - considered vital and necessary - to effectively prepare individuals for entry into the job market with the capacities to respond to the fluctuating needs of evolving economies. Brought about by globalization and the Council of the European Union’s call for strengthening "Europe's competitiveness in a global knowledge economy" (2007), these transformations crystallized in France through the law, LRU (2007) detailed in the Plan License (PRL, 2007). This law mandated the following three principal axes: Universities shall prioritize student career guidance and professional development (as well as training and scientific research); criteria to measure and evaluate graduate employability shall be developed; and, at least half of each graduating class must meet the qualifications required for a higher education diploma. In light of these developments, this research is interested in the study of academic orientation, and more precisely questions surrounding the implementation, reception and appropriation of these policies by the full range of University orientation professionals. This research is subsequently concerned with the introduction of "active guidance" at the University level. It is within this space of experimentation and construction that inherent tensions foreground a polarization between what is described as "Educational Work" and "Pedagogical Mystification". This research will thus examine how teacher-researcherengagement unfolds at the center of a paradigm shift to cultivate creative tensions between social utility and professional development
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Delmas, Pierre. "Génération active des déplacements d'un véhicule agricole dans son environnement." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669534.
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Dans ces travaux, nous proposons un système de guidage automatique pour la navigation sûre d'un robot mobile dans un monde ouvert. Le principe est de contrôler la direction et la vitesse du véhicule afin de préserver son intégrité physique et celle de son environnement. Cela se traduit par la généralisation du concept d'obstacle permettant d'estimer l'espace de vitesses admissibles par le véhicule en fonction de la surface de navigation, des capacités du véhicule et de son état. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, le système doit pour chaque itération : 1) fournir à la tâche de perception une zone sur laquelle elle devra focaliser son attention pour la reconstruction de l'environnement ; 2) générer des trajectoires admissibles par le véhicule ; 3) estimer le profil de vitesse admissible pour chacune d'entre elles ; 4) pour finir, sélectionner la plus optimale par rapport à un critère prédéfini. Des résultats simulés et obtenus sur un démonstrateur réel permettent d'analyser les performances obtenues du système face à des scénarios divers et en démontre la pertinence.
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Chin, Alexander Wong. "Integration of Aeroservoelastic Properties into the NASA Dryden F/A-18 Simulator Using Flight Data from the Active Aeroelastic Wing Program." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/489.
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Aircraft structures have varying stiffness levels making them flexible. Consequently, this elastic property becomes increasingly important at high speeds affecting the flight dynamics of the aircraft. In high speed aircraft such as the F/A-18, elastic structural properties must be accounted for to ensure confidence in predicted flight dynamics in order to avoid adverse aeroelastic phenomena throughout flight.
Data from the F/A-18 Active Aeroelastic Wing (AAW) program was used to create aeroservoelastic (ASE) models at varying flight conditions. The discretized ASE models were integrated into the NASA Dryden F/A-18 simulator in parallel with the traditional 6-DOF (degrees-of-freedom) flight dynamics calculations to ensure minimal disruption to the existing operating framework of the simulator. An interpolation scheme was used to construct ASE models within the known flight condition models. Data was processed through the state-space ASE models to compute the elastic effects during flight. Total flight dynamics from the simulation were analyzed and showed expected behavior for the combined elastic and rigid-body components in flight.
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Pace, Aaron J. "Guided Interactive Machine Learning." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1355.pdf.
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Roberts, Jonathan. "Guidance of Action." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526228.
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Eidehall, Andreas. "Tracking and threat assessment for automotive collision avoidance." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8338.
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Candalh-Touta, Ninon. "Assistance à l'Apprentissage de la Dextérité en Laparoscopie." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS297.
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La chirurgie laparoscopique est une chirurgie mini-invasive qui est devenue un standard pour certaines procédures tant elle présente de nombreux avantages pour le patient d'un point de vue esthétique et rémission post-opératoire. Malheureusement, la chirurgie laparoscopique s'accompagne aussi de difficultés d'ordre mécanique, visuel et ergonomique. L'apprentissage de cette chirurgie est alors long et difficile pour les internes en école de médecine. Traditionnellement, l'apprentissage se déroule au bloc opératoire, les internes assistant le chirurgien en naviguant la caméra par exemple. L'apprentissage sur patient réel est cependant stressant et ne laisse pas la possibilité de répéter les gestes. Selon la procédure, la courbe d'apprentissage peut-être très lente avec des conséquences sanitaires et financières significatives. Dans ces conditions, l'apprentissage en dehors du bloc opératoire devient nécessaire et des simulateurs de laparoscopie ont été développés. Malheureusement, les restrictions budgétaires et réglementaires ne permettent pas d'avoir des séances d'entrainement efficaces en dehors de la salle d'opération. Ainsi, la thèse présentée porte sur l'amélioration de la formation à la chirurgie laparoscopique lors de ces séances sur simulateur en dehors du bloc opératoire. Tout d'abord, il est apparu dans nos recherches que, durant les séances d'entrainement, les élèves étaient peu guidés dans leurs gestes et qu'ils n'avaient pas de retour quantitatif sur leur performance. Nous avons donc implémenté dans un premier temps un guidage kinesthésique qui se comporte comme un guide virtuel pour l'élève. Puis nous avons implémenté deux retours sensoriels (visuel et tactile) pour avoir cette fois-ci des élèves actifs dans la correction du geste laparoscopique. Ensuite, nous avons remarqué que l'élève lui-même est très peu considéré lors des séances d'entrainement où les exercices pratiqués sont standardisés. Nous avons alors proposé deux pistes pouvant mener à un apprentissage personnalisé : - Considérer les capacités psychomotrices des internes dans le processus d'apprentissage afin d'homogénéiser les groupes d'internes et faciliter l'enseignement ; - Décomposer les difficultés de la laparoscopie afin de palier le problème d'absence de gradualité des séances d'entrainement classiquesLaparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery that becomes a standard for some procedures as its many benefits for the patient (esthetic and postoperative remission). Unfortunately, laparoscopic surgery also comes with mechanical, visual and ergonomic difficulties. Consequently, the learning of this surgery is long and difficult for the students in medical school. Traditionally, learning takes place in the operating room (ex: students assist the surgeon by navigating the camera). Operating a real patient is, however, very stressful and does not allow the possibility of repeating gestures. Depending on the procedure, the learning curve may be very slow with significant health and financial consequences. Under these conditions, learning outside of the operating room becomes necessary and laparoscopic simulators have been developed. Unfortunately, budget and time restrictions do not allow for effective training sessions outside of the operating room. Thus, the thesis presented concerns the improvement of laparoscopic surgery training during these simulator sessions outside of the operating room. First of all, it appeared in our research that during the training sessions, the students were not very guided in their actions and that they had no quantitative feedback on their performance. We first implemented a kinesthetic guidance as a virtual teacher for the student. Then we implemented two sensory feedbacks (visual and tactile) to have more active students in the correction of the laparoscopic gesture. Then we noticed that the student himself is not considered during the training sessions where the exercises are complex. Thus, we proposed two ideas to personalized the learning : - Consider the psychomotor skills of the students in the learning process in order to homogenize the groups of students and facilitate the teaching ; - Decompose the difficulties of laparoscopy to overcome the problem of lack of gradual training sessions
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Burch-Brown, Joanna May. "Consequences, action guidance and ignorance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648094.
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Smith, Joanne. "The emergence and perceptual guidance of prehensile action." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4255.
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Successful coordination of prehensile action depends upon the selection and control of appropriate reach and grasp movements. This thesis explores how prehensile actions are shaped and regulated by perceptual information. According to ecological psychology, behaviour is achieved through the detection of information specifying the opportunities the environment affords for action. A review of the literature identified that as this information evolves over time, a comprehensive understanding of prehension has to consider how affordance perception and continual guidance of action come together in the pursuit of goal-directed action. In a series of interlinking studies the initiation, hand transport and grasp components of prehension were investigated in order to determine how affordances are manifested in the emergence of, and guidance within, prehensile actions. Study 1 explored the effect of information specifying affordances on the time taken to initiate and perform a ball-posting action. Results indicated that affordance perception was reflected in initiation time, whilst affordance actualisation was reflected in movement time, demonstrating that effects of affordance perception extend beyond action preparation to directly influence the emergence of action. Study 2 investigated the selection and regulation of perceptual information during the guidance of hand transport. General tau theory (Lee, 1998) was applied to test i) whether the ratio of coupling between hand and object motion is held constant throughout the reach, and ii) whether this ratio, k, describes the kinematics of handobject contact under varying spatiotemporal task constraints. Results indicated a constant tau ratio during the middle, but not the end phase of the movement; moreover, although the summary ratio k was not sensitive to task manipulations, the time-dependent counterpart, K(t), did exhibit effects of task constraints. This indicates that the guidance of hand transport was a continuous process, where, dependent upon the task goals, the regulation of perceptual information changed throughout the action. The final study, Study 3, examined digit coordination during the grasp. Focusing on the transition from 2-digit to 3-digit grip configurations, the study addressed whether grip selection is made before or during the action. Results showed the transition between 2- and 3-digit grips occurs at a within trial level. The grip configuration utilised could only be distinguished as 2- or 3-digit during the second half of the movement, indicating that grip selection emerges online during the unfolding action. Together these studies provide evidence of continual guidance of prehensile actions and offer support for the consideration of prehensile action as a set of nested task goals. It was concluded that affordance perception and movement guidance are interrelated and evolve continuously throughout the unfolding prehensile action. In light of these findings, issues relating to action selection emerging online from the organism-environment interaction are discussed.
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Stemmers, Jacqueline Veraness. "Learnerships and transformation in the insurance industry." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_2457_1178700775.
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This case study explored the lessons arising from the implementation of the Insurance Preparedness Project. This was a pilot project funded by the Insurance Sector Education and Training Authority as part of a strategy for transforming the insurance industry and to establish a model for learnership implementation.Financial services industry.
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Martel, Marie. "Body representations in action : development and plasticity in the sensory guidance of prehension." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1288.
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Planifier, exécuter un mouvement fait appel à des représentations mentales de l'action. Ces dernières ont été formalisées par les sciences computationnelles sous le terme de modèles internes du contrôle moteur. Outre l'environnement, les informations concernant la posture, les dimensions de l'effecteur sont également cruciales et doivent être mises à jour fréquemment. Etonnamment, les modèles actuels de l‘action n'attribuent pas aux représentations du corps un rôle majeur. La mise à jour de ces représentations de l'action et du corps doit intervenir dès l'enfance, néanmoins leur développement reste méconnu. En premier lieu, je me suis attachée au développement des représentations de l'action chez les enfants de 5 à 10 ans, au développement typique d'une part et lors de Troubles des Acquisitions et de la Coordination (TAC) d'autre part. A travers la cinématique, j'ai cherché à comprendre comment les enfants développent leur capacité à anticiper et adapter leurs mouvements. Dans un deuxième temps, l'utilisation d'un outil qui allonge fonctionnellement le bras m'a permis d'examiner les inputs sensoriels (vision, proprioception) nécessaires à la plasticité des représentations du corps chez l'adulte. Enfin, j'ai interrogé ces mécanismes de plasticité des représentations de l'effecteur au cours de la croissance de l'individu alors que les dimensions corporelles changent progressivement. Dans ce but, j'ai étudié la plasticité induite par l'outil chez des enfants et adolescents au développement typique. Finalement, je discuterai des liens entre représentations du corps et contrôle moteur, deux notions indispensables à la cognition motriceTo prepare and perform movements efficiently, accurate action representations are necessary, formalized by computational science as “internal models”. Actions representations do not require exclusively the representation of object properties, information about the body and particularly the effector such as its posture and dimension are also crucial. Thus, effector representations need to be updated to account for postural changes, yet, they do not play a prominent role in the actual models of motor control. In addition, updates settings of both action and body representation are presumably established ontogenetically, but little is known on their developmental path. First, I investigated the maturation of action representation in children from 5 to 10 years of age, as well as the potential differences in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Through kinematics analyses, I sought to understand how children develop their ability to control their movements. Second, using a tool functionally extending arm length, I questioned the sensory inputs for body representation plasticity in adults, such as proprioception and vision. Third, I probed rapid body representations plasticity during the slowly changing dimensions of the body during growth. To this aim I investigated in typically developing children and adolescents tool-induced plasticity of the upper-limb representation. Finally, I discuss the relationship between body representations and motor control in adults and children, as despite being both related they have often times walked parallel ways
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Woodward, Suzette. "From information to action : improving implementation of patient safety guidance in the NHS." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2008. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6920/.
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Patient safety is a high priority for everyone working within healthcare (Vincent 2006, Walshe and Boaden 2006). However, while over the last decade or so there has been an outpouring of information to improve the safety of patient care, unfortunately, putting the recommended changes into practice has fallen short of their envisioned potential (Mulrow 1994, Berwick 2003, Elwyn et al. 2007). The project context was the NHS in England and Wales with the scope of the project limited to the acute care hospital setting in England and Wales. The project sought to identify how the NPSA could support improvement in implementation. It sought to explore the factors that help or hinder successful implementation, through a collective effort, using my personal experience and expertise, that of NPSA colleagues, external experts and the views of staff in acute care hospitals across England and Wales together with the literature. The findings led to the design and development of an implementation toolkit, initially targeted at NPSA staff and other national bodies responsible for issuing guidance and safer practices. The project output therefore comprises a product in the form of an implementation toolkit supported by a critical commentary on the development of the product. These will provide an original contribution to my own knowledge and understanding, as well as that of my work place, the NPSA, my professional areas, nursing and patient safety, and the knowledge base of the Middlesex University. Post-doctoral activity will involve the promotion, use and evaluation of the toolkit in 2009.
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Lo, Chi-chun Rita, and 羅賜珍. "An action research on a developmental guidance programme in a Hong Kong Secondary School." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958060.
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Lo, Chi-chun Rita. "An action research on a developmental guidance programme in a Hong Kong Secondary School." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14042812.
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Moula, Payam. "Virtue Ethics and right action." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54309.
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This paper evaluates some arguments made against the conceptions of right action within virtue ethics. I argue that the different accounts of right action can meet the objections raised against them. Michael Slote‘s agent-based and Rosalind Hursthouses agent-focused account of right action give different judgments of right action but there seems to be a lack of real disagreement between the two accounts. I also argue that the concept of right action often has two important parts, relating to action guidance and moral appraisal, respectively, and that virtue ethics can deal with both without a concept of right action.
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Anisi, David A. "Online trajectory planning and observer based control." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Optimization and systems theory, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4153.
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MARCINIAK, JACEK. "Langage, perception, action : raisonnement spatio-temporel dans le guidage d'un agent virtuel." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112138.
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Cette these porte sur les interactions entre langage, perception et action analysees dans le contexte du guidage en langage naturel d'un agent artificiel (robot, agent virtuel). L'interet theorique de la these reside dans la necessite de determiner trois points : les differents types d'informations spatio-temporelles a prendre en compte dans ces interactions ; les modeles formels a utiliser pour traiter ces informations ; le type de raisonnement a mettre en uvre. L'interet pratique tient aux nombreuses situations ou il serait interessant de pouvoir utiliser le langage naturel pour commander le deplacement d'un robot. Afin de determiner de facon precise quel langage serait utilise par un operateur humain pour decrire un itineraire a un agent artificiel, nous avons recueilli un corpus de descriptions constitue a partir d'une experience du type magicien d'oz. L'analyse de ce corpus a montre que les sujets n'utilisaient pas de langage simplifie, et que les descriptions d'itineraire recueillies etaient variees, tant par leur complexite, que par le style utilise. Pour pouvoir decrire les interactions entre le langage et la perception, nous avons ete amene a developper un modele qualitatif de l'espace. Il est utilise pour interpreter les elements linguistiques et pour les valider dans un contexte perceptif. Il permet de reduire la quantite de raisonnement qui doit etre effectue lors de la validation des interpretations, ainsi que de traiter d'une facon efficace le caractere flou et incertain des informations d'origine linguistique. Le traitement de descriptions d'itineraire souleve le probleme des interactions entre le langage, la perception et l'action. L'introduction d'une representation conceptuelle de l'itineraire permet de specifier de facon detaillee et ordonnee toutes les etapes de l'itineraire en se referant a des evenements perceptifs. Un plan qualitatif de deplacement fournit les actions a realiser dans un langage directement interpretable par le robot.
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Griffen, Jacalyn M. "School counselors in action reframing professional development to engage families." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/869.
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Co llege enrollment rates in the U.S. have increased over the last 40 years, yet students from undcrservcd communities remain underrepresented. Families in these communities aspire for their children to go to college, but often lack access to the necessary social capital to transform aspirations for their children into action. Federal 6 initiatives focused on increasing educational attainment for students in underserved comn1tmities emphasize the critically important role of the school counselor. The school counselor is ideally positioned to reduce barriers to family engagement in the college access process. Yet, there is a lack of focused support and professional development resources for school counselors. To gain more in sight into how professional development might improve counselors' abilities to support family engagement in college access, I employed an action-oriented qualitative case study to critically consider how urban school counselors took action to address local educational inequities and engage families as partners in the postsecondary process.
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Duckett, Paul Simon. "Disabled at interview : a community psychologist in and amid action." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21895.
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I used a Community Psychology approach, involving Participatory Action Research with Qualitative methods, to both explore the employment interview experiences of disabled people and to effect positive change for disabled participants discriminated against in the labour market. In the opening chapters I set the action research enterprise within the socio-economic and political climate of the time. I follow this by describing the ethical, ideological, epistemological and methodological concerns that have driven my particular process of inquiry. 1 pay particular attention to the research process and reflect upon personal, social, organisational and political implications of the project. I review literature on disability, disability legislation and employment interviews and place my own work in the context of this. As well as reporting my findings on the difficulties disabled people face when seeking to enter the labour market, I describe the multiple research interventions I engaged with. These ranged from giving research participants welfare benefit advice through to consulting on the Government's Disability Discrimination Act. The main focus for the project became one of developing and marketing a Code of Practice on the recruitment and retention of disabled employees. I worked collaboratively with disabled research participants in developing and marketing this Code with four major employer organisations in order to affect change in employer staffing policies.
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Linares, R. "The perception and awareness of conflicting legal guidance concerning affirmative action admissions practices at two institutions of higher education in California." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3014590/.
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Affirmative action in college admissions is a contentious topic which has inspired a significant amount of legislation affecting its use. This legislation exists independently at the state and federal levels, but when viewed together within the entire legislative framework, individual pieces of legislation contradict each other, providing confusing and conflicting legal guidance for higher education admissions counselors. Admissions counselors’ daily activities are governed by this legislation, but without a high level of knowledge or awareness, admissions counselors could unknowingly engage in recruiting activities that violate one or more aspects of the related legislation. This study investigated the current level of knowledge in higher education admissions counselors at two public universities in the state of California regarding the conflicting legislation affecting the use of race-conscious admissions practices. This is important because the use of race-conscious admissions practices is the most divisive issue currently facing the American higher education system, and can have significant legal ramifications for institutions of higher education. While previous research has identified the effects of race-conscious admissions practices, it did not sufficiently identify the current legislation affecting the use of race-conscious admissions practices, the conflicting nature of the legislation, or the perception or awareness of the admissions counselors of the conflicting nature of the current legislation. This study, therefore, aims to determine the perspective of the higher education admissions counselor, the overall level of awareness and knowledge regarding the multiple pieces and layers of legislation, and the level of awareness for the conflicting legal guidance created when the legislation is viewed as a whole. This research has the objective to better understand the individual pieces of legislation, their individual affects, and when combined, the nature of their conflicting guidance. To achieve this, in-depth, individual interviews were conducted with higher education admissions counselors at two public institutions located within the state of California. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the multiple perspectives found within the primary data and illustrate the overarching themes expressed within the data. The findings indicate that admissions counselors claim to have a low level of awareness and knowledge concerning the legislation affecting race-conscious admissions practices. Once they were provided a basic overview of the legislation, though, interviewees were able to discern that the legislation provided conflicting guidance. Additional findings suggest that admissions counselors do not fundamentally agree with the admissions practices that they follow, but are still adhering to the practices in spite of this. The research concludes by recommending areas for further research, and suggesting specific actions that can be pursued as a means of implementing the knowledge created through this research.
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Gorsedene, Christa. "A heuristic and HSSI exploration of experiencing interplay between spiritual guidance and synchronicity within person-centred encounters." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-heuristic-and-hssi-exploration-of-experiencing-interplay-between-spiritual-guidance-and-synchronicity-within-personcentred-encounters(3a4e4301-d034-4d71-8b40-5f4b8b5779c8).html.
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This research has been a study in amazement. Initially an agnostic physics graduate, the researcher undertook training in the person-centred approach (pca) to self-development and counselling, during which she came to experience strange personal experiences which she could neither gainsay nor fit into her then worldview. Sketching these briefly, exceptional human experiences (EHEs) and synchronicities increasingly happened until (shockingly) they declared a seeming spirit guide (Mungo) to her, also juxtaposed in time with her first-ever chance encounter with dowsing. Thereafter these phenomena, combined with randomisable image-cards, tutored her into a physically observable method of 'discussion' with them (alone or with another) conducted with pca values. This PhD involved researching that phenomenon-complex through 'discussions' with 35 participants. The methodology used was heuristics and its heuristic self-search inquiry specialism (HSSI) whose attention to personal experiencing, indwelling to contact tacit knowledge, and incubatory rest phases to foster illuminatory new 'ahaa!' apprehensions suited this nascent mysterious subject. Both participants and researcher experienced coincidences weaving the 'discussions' and their wider lives together. Thus synchronicity became equal-partner research-topic, being studied as it occurred and, through affecting certain choices, becoming part of the methodology itself. The phenomenon-complex was experienced as fostering ethical living, creativity, personal development and science-spirituality interconnection in ways wellpitched and paced for each experiencer. The phenomena were also experienced as synergizing with each other, and as fostering integration within and between persons. After work on the participant sessions was completed, the writings of further thesis chapters were 'butted into' by in-the-moment relevant synchronicities, not just singly but in flows and patterns in which the researcher found herself discerning overarching meanings. Given this exceptional opportunity the researcher (in effect doing a bonus research-section) tracked her experiencing of these synchronistic flows and her responses thereto wherever they led, using Sela-Smith's first-person heuristic self-search inquiry (HSSI) methodology. Each synchronistically-influenced chapter was experienced as exploring certain themes, with themes building as the thesis progressed. Heuristics and HSSI are usually transformative. This researcher was transformed from the ground up from agnosticism to credence in 'something more' through her experiencings (both alone and inter-relationally with participants). Their 'package deal' presented personal shadow-work alongside help in life difficulties, and great fascination but darker times too. In total she came to feel part of an interconnected, spiritually-intelligent and compassionate cosmic domain, and existentially happier.
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Cowell, David Edward. "An action-research approach, using screening and self-referral procedures, to identify secondary school pupils who might benefit from guidance and counselling." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358549.
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Pallin, Anna. "Ett vägledande fält : En kvalitativ studie om unga vuxnas internetanvändning i studie- och karriärval." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165534.
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This qualitative study is focused on young adult students’ experiences and perspectives of using websites for career information and guidance, and how that may impact their horizon of action in career decisions. Collection of data were made through interviews with college students from different faculties of Umeå University. All interviews were transcribed and compiled into various themes which were analysed with the perspectives of Digital literacy, Careership theory and the Chaos theory of careers. The result emergence the importance of students approaches on web-based information and their capacity of using it in their benefit. According to the student’s digital usage, which is categorized into simple and more advanced processes, perceives that digital literacy and personal characteristics may affect their use of career websites. The study concludes that internet is one of many social fields that influence the horizon of action and that the role of career websites depends on individual approaches and attitudes to several fields. For the work of career practitioners this study contributes with an insight about possibilities and risks that may come with student’s digital usage in career purpose. Therefore, this study also shows the requiring of further research in the area of career guidance and internet.
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Anisi, David A. "On Cooperative Surveillance, Online Trajectory Planning and Observer Based Control." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9990.
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The main body of this thesis consists of six appended papers. In the first two, different cooperative surveillance problems are considered. The second two consider different aspects of the trajectory planning problem, while the last two deal with observer design for mobile robotic and Euler-Lagrange systems respectively.In Papers A and B, a combinatorial optimization based framework to cooperative surveillance missions using multiple Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) is proposed. In particular, Paper A considers the the Minimum Time UGV Surveillance Problem (MTUSP) while Paper B treats the Connectivity Constrained UGV Surveillance Problem (CUSP). The minimum time formulation is the following. Given a set of surveillance UGVs and a polyhedral area, find waypoint-paths for all UGVs such that every point of the area is visible from a point on a waypoint-path and such that the time for executing the search in parallel is minimized. The connectivity constrained formulation extends the MTUSP by additionally requiring the induced information graph to be kept recurrently connected at the time instants when the UGVs perform the surveillance mission. In these two papers, the NP-hardness of both these problems are shown and decomposition techniques are proposed that allow us to find an approximative solution efficiently in an algorithmic manner.Paper C addresses the problem of designing a real time, high performance trajectory planner for an aerial vehicle that uses information about terrain and enemy threats, to fly low and avoid radar exposure on the way to a given target. The high-level framework augments Receding Horizon Control (RHC) with a graph based terminal cost that captures the global characteristics of the environment. An important issue with RHC is to make sure that the greedy, short term optimization does not lead to long term problems, which in our case boils down to two things: not getting into situations where a collision is unavoidable, and making sure that the destination is actually reached. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is to present a trajectory planner with provable safety and task completion properties. Direct methods for trajectory optimization are traditionally based on a priori temporal discretization and collocation methods. In Paper D, the problem of adaptive node distribution is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, which is to be included in the underlying nonlinear mathematical programming problem. The benefits of utilizing the suggested method for online trajectory optimization are illustrated by a missile guidance example.In Paper E, the problem of active observer design for an important class of non-uniformly observable systems, namely mobile robotic systems, is considered. The set of feasible configurations and the set of output flow equivalent states are defined. It is shown that the inter-relation between these two sets may serve as the basis for design of active observers. The proposed observer design methodology is illustrated by considering a unicycle robot model, equipped with a set of range-measuring sensors. Finally, in Paper F, a geometrically intrinsic observer for Euler-Lagrange systems is defined and analyzed. This observer is a generalization of the observer proposed by Aghannan and Rouchon. Their contractivity result is reproduced and complemented by a proof that the region of contraction is infinitely thin. Moreover, assuming a priori bounds on the velocities, convergence of the observer is shown by means of Lyapunov's direct method in the case of configuration manifolds with constant curvature.QC 20100622
TAIS, AURES
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Käck, Jansson Sandra, and Beatrice Österberg. "Varför är det så ont om likvärdig vägledning? : Vägledarens syn på sitt uppdrag och hur det kan bli mer likvärdigt." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194622.
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Syftet med detta examensarbete är att fördjupa förståelsen för hur studie- och yrkesvägledare ser på sitt uppdrag med särskilt fokus på hur de uppfattar uppdragets likvärdighet. Intresset för detta område har väckts under vår utbildning till studie- och yrkesvägledare på Stockholms universitet och utifrån de diskussioner kring vägledning och vägledares uppdrag som förs i samhället idag. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie med examinerade vägledare erhölls en fördjupad förståelse för studie- och yrkesvägledares syn på sitt uppdrag och likvärdigheten i det. Resultatet visar på att vägledarna upplever att de saknar tid och resurser för att genomföra sitt uppdrag som de skulle önska samt att även om de arbetar så likvärdigt de förmår så upplever de inte att studie- och yrkesvägledningen är nationellt likvärdig idag. Det konstateras också att SOU 2019:4 tas emot mycket positivt av vägledarna och att de önskar att förslagen som denna utredning lägger fram skulle lagstadgas. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån Careershipteorin vilket lett till slutsatsen att vägledarnas syn på sitt uppdrag är tätt sammanlänkat med deras handlingshorisont.The purpose of this dissertation is to deepen the understanding of how career guidance counsellors view their work assignation in particular how they perceive the equivalence within career guidance. The interest in this topic arose during our education to become career guidance counsellors at Stockholm University and was influenced by the current discourse regarding career guidance and career counsellors' work assignations in general. Through a qualitative interview study with educated career guidance counsellors, an in-depth understanding of career guidance counsellors' views on their work assignation and the equivalence within it was obtained. The study concludes that career guidance counsellors experience a lack of time and resources which prevents them from carrying out their work in the way they would like. Though they try to carry out their assignations with as much equivalence as possible, they do not feel that career guidance and counselling is nationally equivalent today. Furthermore, the study concludes that the SOU 2019:4 is perceived very positively by the career guidance counsellors and that they wish the proposals presented within it would be legislated. The results have been analysed using the Careership theory, which has led to the conclusion that the career guidance counsellors’ views on their work assignation are closely linked to their horizons for action.
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Carrat, Vincent. "Correction dynamique d’un SLM pour une holographie de haute fidélité. Réalisation d’un MOT-2D pour l’application de modes de Laguerre-Gauss." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112398/document.
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Cette thèse concerne la production et le contrôle d'hologrammes de haute qualité par un modulateur de phase à cristaux liquides (SLM) et l'utilisation de ces hologrammes pour la manipulation d'atomes froids. Ces hologrammes utilisés pour mettre en forme des faisceaux lasers et créer des potentiels dipolaires doivent être de bonne qualité. Or le SLM a des défauts qui peuvent les dégrader. Pour mesurer ces défauts nous avons développé une méthode reposant sur la mesure par polarimétrie de la biréfringence du SLM. La cartographie de biréfringence permet de mesurer l'hologramme en temps réel sans perturber l'expérience en cours. C'est donc une mesure in-situ. Une fois mesurés les défauts sont corrigés par une rétroaction sur la consigne donnée au SLM. Pour le démontrer nous avons créé un défaut artificiel avec un pointeur laser et nous l'avons réduit à λ/7 soit une amélioration de 42 %. Ensuite avec l'objectif d'appliquer des potentiels produit par un SLM aux atomes froids, j'ai dessiné, conçu puis réalisé en partie une expérience basée sur un jet d'atomes froids de rubidium issu d'un MOT-2D. Dans le chapitre correspondant je présente une étude de la faisabilité d'une expérience de guidage du jet d'atomes froids par un mode de Laguerre Gauss désaccordé vers le bleu de la transition. Nous avons montré que dans un tel guide le chauffage par émission spontanée est plus faible que dans un guide gaussien usuel désaccordé vers le rouge de la transition. De plus en réduisant la divergence naturelle du jet issu du MOT-2D nous devrions augmenter le flux d'atomes et améliorer l'efficacité de chargement d'un MOT-3D par un MOT-2DThis thesis reports on the production and monitoring of high quality holograms generated by a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM), and the application of these holograms to cold atoms manipulation. In order to produce accurate optical potentials by shaping a laser beam we need high quality holograms. Nevertheless SLMs suffer from defects which limit the quality. To measure defects we have developed a method based on polarimetry to get the birefringence map of the SLM. Birefringence mapping is suitable to monitor the hologram without disturbing the on-going experiment. It's an in-situ measurement. After the measurement, defects are corrected by a feedback on the input hologram. As a proof we created an artificial defect with a laser pointer and reduced it to λ/7 which corresponds to a 42% improvement. Our second goal is to apply SLM-shaped potentials to cold atoms, so I designed and did part of an experiment based on a cold atom beam provided by a rubidium 2D-MOT. In the corresponding chapter I've studied the feasibility of guiding the cold atom beam with a blue-detuned Laguerre-Gaussian beam. We showed that in such a guide the spontaneous emission is lower than in the usual red detuned gaussian guide case. Furthermore by reducing the cold atom beam divergence we expect to enhance the atomic flux and improve the loading efficiency of a 3D-MOT from a 2D-MOT
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Carrat, Vincent. "Correction dynamique d'un SLM pour une holographie de haute fidélité. Réalisation d'un MOT-2D pour l'application de modes de Laguerre-Gauss." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820557.
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Cette thèse concerne la production et le contrôle d'hologrammes de haute qualité par un modulateur de phase à cristaux liquides (SLM) et l'utilisation de ces hologrammes pour la manipulation d'atomes froids. Ces hologrammes utilisés pour mettre en forme des faisceaux lasers et créer des potentiels dipolaires doivent être de bonne qualité. Or le SLM a des défauts qui peuvent les dégrader. Pour mesurer ces défauts nous avons développé une méthode reposant sur la mesure par polarimétrie de la biréfringence du SLM. La cartographie de biréfringence permet de mesurer l'hologramme en temps réel sans perturber l'expérience en cours. C'est donc une mesure in-situ. Une fois mesurés les défauts sont corrigés par une rétroaction sur la consigne donnée au SLM. Pour le démontrer nous avons créé un défaut artificiel avec un pointeur laser et nous l'avons réduit à λ/7 soit une amélioration de 42 %. Ensuite avec l'objectif d'appliquer des potentiels produit par un SLM aux atomes froids, j'ai dessiné, conçu puis réalisé en partie une expérience basée sur un jet d'atomes froids de rubidium issu d'un MOT-2D. Dans le chapitre correspondant je présente une étude de la faisabilité d'une expérience de guidage du jet d'atomes froids par un mode de Laguerre Gauss désaccordé vers le bleu de la transition. Nous avons montré que dans un tel guide le chauffage par émission spontanée est plus faible que dans un guide gaussien usuel désaccordé vers le rouge de la transition. De plus en réduisant la divergence naturelle du jet issu du MOT-2D nous devrions augmenter le flux d'atomes et améliorer l'efficacité de chargement d'un MOT-3D par un MOT-2D.
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Pordenone, Gian Franco. "La Cité des Métiers dans un collège de la Suisse italienne : une démarche ethnographique issue d'une action sociale : les contours d'une brèche vers un collège équitable." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2102/document.
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La Cité des Métiers propose aux élèves de l’établissement de Cadenazzo-Vira Gambarogno, un collège populaire dans la partie italienne de la Suisse, une série de situations d’apprentissage liées à l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle. Tout au long des quatre années du collège, unique, comme en France, les élèves sont amenés à se confronter avec des personnalités issues du monde du travail, à visiter des entreprises et des écoles professionnelles, à réaliser une brève recherche en salle d’informatique, à regarder un long-métrage et à participer à un colloque sur le travail, ou encore, à suivre un cours facultatif d’initiation au lexique et au langage économiques.Cette recherche étudie ce projet pédagogique comme un point focal, au sens de centre vers lequel convergent un ensemble de complexes processus sociaux, reliés à la dynamique de construction du collège unique. Porteuse d’une effective mixité sociale, celle-ci ne peut se penser qu’en relation étroite avec un monde du travail en mutation, à la recherche de nouveaux équilibres. Ce travail est issu d’une action sociale décennale, entre 2003/2004 et 2013/2014, devenue ensuite une recherche ethnographique effectuée par l’un des animateurs, autour de trente entretiens semi-directifs, entièrement retranscrits et traduits en français, avec des professionnels du collège, des parents d’élèves, des personnalités invitées et des élèves ayant animé le projet. Ces données sont complétées par d’autres, issues en particulier de documents d’archives disponibles, de rapports de bilan réaliséspar les élèves après des visites et d’articles publiés dans un hebdomadaire culturel, permettant d’analyser une expérience par la construction d’une étude de cas.La première partie de cette étude se focalise sur le rapport entre la collaboration et la conflictualité dans le processus d’élaboration de la Cité des Métiers. Une analyse stratégique de la minorité active, met en évidence une structure des relations de pouvoir centrée autour d’un jeu triangulaire entre acteurs sociaux, conduisant à une oscillation continue entre une dynamique d’innovation autonome, d’innovation hétéronome et de ralentissement réflexif. La deuxième partie analyse le rôle del’ingénierie pédagogique dans l’efficacité de son déroulement quotidien. Une analyse de désirabilité des situations d’apprentissage mises en place, fait ressortir une participation responsable différenciée des élèves aux apprentissages, favorisant la succession de la séquence vocationnelle et la construction d’une compétence transitionnelle, en mesure de guider les transitions de vie de ces individus en devenir. La troisième partie, enfin, étudie les répercussions sur la forme identitaire des élèves. Une analyse structurale des récits de vie des élèves les plus engagés, esquisse une transformation identitaire vers l’apparition d’un esprit de performance, aux déclinaisons individualisées, qui renforce la maîtrise des transitions de vie.Cette démarche plurielle met en évidence les contours d’une brèche vers la réalisation d’un collège effectivement unique, puisque équitable, résultat d’un fragile équilibre sans cesse renouvelé entre la liberté et l’égalité, tout d’abord au niveau du curriculum caché. Ce qui fait surgir une individualité éveillée, fruit potentiel de l’idéal-type émergent de l’enseignant démocratique. Simultanément, ces contours font apparaître les limites de ce processus de rajeunissement interne de l’école républicaine, à savoir la faiblesse de l’élaboration d’une vision du monde social du corps enseignant, vecteur de cette dynamique, et de l’incontournable prolongement de l’équité de l’univers scolaire vers le monde du travail, dans le cadre de l’émergence d’une société ouverteThe City of Jobs organizes a series of learning situations related to educational and vocational guidance for students of the establishment of Cadenazzo-Vira Gambarogno, a popular middle school in the Italian part of Switzerland. Throughout the four years of middle school, unique, as in France, pupils are invited to confront with personalities from the world of work, to visit companies and professional schools, to carry out a brief research in the computer room, to watch a feature film andto participate in a symposium on the evolution of work, or, to take an optional course in initiation into lexicon and economic language.Research studies this pedagogical project as a focal point, that is a center towards which converge a set of complex social processes, related to the building dynamics of the unique middle school. Carrying an effective social diversity, this one can merely be thought of in close relation with a changing world of work, in search of new balances. This work comes from a decennial social action, between 2003/2004 and 2013/2014, which became an ethnographic research carried out by one of theanimators, around thirty semi-structured interviews, fully transcribed and translated into French, with middle school professionals, pupils’ parents, invited personalities and students who animated the project. These data are supplemented by others, especially from available archival documents, assessment reports made by students after visits and articles published in a cultural weekly magazine, allowing the analysis of an experience through the construction of a case study.The first part of this study focuses on the relationship between collaboration and conflictuality in the elaboration process of the City of Jobs. A strategic analysis of the active minority highlights a structure of power relations centered around a triangular game between social actors, leading to a continuous oscillation between a dynamic of autonomous innovation, of heterogeneous innovation and reflexive slowdown. The second part analyzes the role of educational engineering in the efficiency of its daily progress. A desirability analysis of the implemented learning situations shows a differentiated responsible participation of students in learning, favouring the succession of the vocational sequence and the construction of a transitional competence, able to guide the transitions of life of these individualities under construction. The third part, finally, examines the repercussionson the identity form of the students. A structural analysis of the life stories of the most engaged students sketches an identity transformation which shows the appearance of a spirit of performance, with individualized variations, which reinforces the control of life transitions.This plural approach brings out the contours of a breach towards the realization of a truly unique middle school, because equitable, result of a fragile balance constantly renewed between freedom and equality, first of all at the level of the hidden curriculum. What makes awakened individuality arise, potential fruit of the emerging ideal-type of the democratic teacher. Simultaneously, these contours reveal the limits of this process of internal rejuvenation of the republican school, namely theweakness of the elaboration of a vision of the social world of the teaching staff, vector of this dynamic, and the unavoidable extension of the equity of the school universe to the world of work, within the framework of the emergence of an open society
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Hughes, Jacqueline. "Action planning and assessment in guidance contexts : how can I understand and support these processes while working with colleagues in Further Education colleges and career service provision in Avon?" Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320554.
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Keynemo, Monica. "Säg är det möjligt för studie- och yrkesvägledare att motverka traditionella könsmönster?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59077.
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Säg är det möjligt att motverka traditionella könsmönster,trots strukturer som formar oss så att vi omedvetet styrs att väljautbildningar som leder till könstraditionella yrkesval? Att få kunskaper om ochge redskap för ett praktikorienterat jämställdhetsarbete i studie- ochyrkesvägledning är syftet med denna aktionsforskningsstudie. De vägledare som deltar har intresseför och kunskap om genusvetenskapliga perspektiv och kan ses som goda exempel. Vägledarnadeltar genom två intervjutillfällen och en månads fokusering på uppdraget attmotverka traditionella könsmönster. De använder olika metoder och berättar ompositiva, neutrala, obekväma, häftiga och negativa reaktioner från sökande. Resultatetbeskriver hur vägledarna ser på sitt uppdrag och hur de omsätter sina kunskaperi pedagogisk praktik och hur de bemöter och tolkar reaktioner som de får frånsökande. Under arbetets gång ökar den självinsikt som följer av att förstå hursvårt det är att inte göra kön. Metodutvecklinghar betydelse för att omvandla förhållningssätt till aktiv handling, men detavgörande är attityden till uppdraget. Slutsatser som dras är att uppdraget attmotverka traditionella könsmönster kan innebära att upptäcka dessa könsmönsteri vardagen, att vägra kategorisera utifrån kön och att inse att vi med hjälp avförändrade förväntningar tillsammans kan ändra det som ses som normalt.Say is it possible to counteract traditional gender patterns, even if structures shape us so that we unconsciously are guided to choose courses that lead to gender-traditional career choices? To learn about and provide tools for a practice-oriented work with gender equality in educational and vocational guidance is the purpose of this action research. The counselors involved have an interest in and knowledge of gender perspectives and can be seen as good examples. They participate through two interview sessions and a monthly focus on the mission to counteract traditional gender patterns. They use different methods and reports of positive, neutral, awkward, violent and negative reactions from applicants. The results describe how counselors view their mission and how they apply their knowledge in pedagogical practice. It also shows how they respond to and interpret the reactions they receive from applicants. In the process they increase their self-awareness resulting from the understanding of how hard it is not to construct the gender stereotypes. Method development is important to transform attitudes to positive action, but what matters is the attitude towards the mission. Conclusions drawn are that the mission to counteract traditional gender patterns may mean to detect these gender patterns in everyday life, refuse to categorize on the basis of gender and realize that if we are changing expectations, together we can change what is seen as normal.
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Van, Zyl Yolande. "Hoekom drama? : ’n ondersoek na enkele persepsies van drama en drama-opleiding aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2290.
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Thesis (MDram (Drama))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The general aim of this study was to establish why students at Stellenbosch University embarked on a course in Drama. The initial hypothesis was that students were attracted to the expressive, therapeutic features inherent to this field of study. A questionnaire was designed to test this hypothesis. However, in the early stages of the project, feedback from the Drama students of 2005 and, at a later stage, that of the first-year Drama students of 2006 and 2007 proved the hypothesis to be incorrect. The specific questionnaire that was handed out to students also included questions that would enhance the interest value of the survey, such as: “What question was the most frequently asked by your friends and relatives enquiring about your Drama studies?” Responses to the latter question, amongst others, triggered two other pilot studies. The aforementioned studies were conducted among 110 students from different disciplines on the US (University of Stellenbosch) campus, as well as among 65 respondents in the Stellenbosch area, and focused on perceptions around Drama students and the drama profession as such. The final study contained the following three problem statements: 1. Are there any stereotypical prejudices towards Drama students? If so, who and what is the Drama student in terms of personality type and character traits? 2. Are there any stereotypical prejudices towards this field of study and the professional field? If so, what do the field of study and the professional field constitute within the South African context? 3. Why Drama? or rather, what is the purpose of Drama, and what motivates students at Stellenbosch University (SU) to choose this particular profession, given the current perceptions? The supporting theories and the data, though not wholly significant, indicated that a marked degree of stereotyping existed with regard to Drama students and the profession. These perceptions about the students and the related professions have also been validated by the limited number of existing studies that could be found on this topic. Moreover, feedback from 253 Drama students revealed that they had decided to study Drama for a variety of reasons, and not only because a successful career in this field will inevitably lead to stardom and fame, which is contrary to what people generally tend to believe.
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Komati, Bilal. "Automated microassembly using an active microgripper with sensorized end-effectors and hybrid force / position control." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2066/document.
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La thèse propose l’utilisation d’une pince active instrumentée en force pour automatiser l’assemblage des MOEMS 3D hybrides. Chacun des doigts de la pince instrumentée est composé d’un actionneur piézo-électrique et d’un capteur de force piézorésistif intégré. Le capteur de force intégré présente des performances innovantes par rapport aux capteurs existants dans l’ état de l’art. Cette pince offre la possibilité de mesurer les forces de serrage appliquées par la pince pour saisir un micro composant et d’estimer les forces de contact entre le micro composant et le substrat de micro-assemblage.Un modèle dynamique et non linéaire est développé pour la pince instrumentée. Une commande hybride force/position est utilisée pour automatiser le micro-assemblage. Dans cette commande, certains axes sont commandés en position et les autres sont commandés en force. Pour les axes commandés en force, une nouvelle commande fondée sur une commande en impédance avec suivi de référence est proposée selon un principe de commande non linéaire par mode glissant avec estimation des paramétres en lignes. En utilisant le schéma de commande hybride force/position proposé, une automatisation de toutes les tâches de micro-assemblage est réalisée avec succès, notamment sur un composant flexible à guider dans un railThis work proposes the use of an active microgripper with sensorized end-effectors for the automationof the microassembly of 3D hybrid MOEMS. Each of the two fingers of the microgripper is composedof a piezoelectric actuator with an integrated piezoresistive force sensor. The integrated force sensorpresents innovative performances compared to the existing force sensors in literature. The forcesensors provide the ability to measure the gripping forces applied by the microgripper to grasp a microcomponentand estimated the contact forces between the microcomponent and the substrate ofmicroassembly. A dynamic nonlinear model of the microgripper is developed. A hybrid force/positioncontrol is used for the automation of the microassembly. In the hybrid force/position control formulation,some axes are controlled in position and others are controlled in force. For the force controlledaxes, a new nonlinear force control scheme based on force tracking sliding mode impedance controlis proposed with parameter estimation. Using the proposed hybrid force/position control scheme, fullautomation of the microassembly is performed, notably for the guiding of a flexible component in arail
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Gauffre, Stéphane. "Apport de la technique de guidage mixte lignes microrubans-lignes à fente pour la réalisation de fonctions actives en bande S : exemples, modélisation, étude de la diminution de surface occupée." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10550.
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L'etude comporte quatre chapitre. Le premier permet de situer le sujet par rapport a l'existant et de developper une methode de modelisation pouvant convenir aux structures multicouches. L'association verticale des deux types de guidage (ligne microruban, ligne a fente) exploitee dans les chapitres suivants est abordee. Le deuxieme chapitre est consacre au choix de la methode de synthese retenue pour les applications. Les performances du modele proposee sont comparees a celles d'autres modeles ainsi qu'aux resultats disponibles dans la litterature. Des resultats experimentaux concernant diverses structures de test viennent confirmer l'interet de la methode proposee. Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacres a l'utilisation des etudes precedentes pour la realisations de fonctions rf fondamentales. L'auteur traite successivement de l'adaptation automatique entree/sortie d'un transistor a l'aide de reseaux double stubs et diodes varicap et de la stabilisation inconditionnelle d'un amplificateur large bande (500 mhz autour de 4 ghz). L'interet de l'approche quadripolaire proposee vis-a-vis des simulations 3d est validee par des simulations et des montages de test. Une prospective en terme d'amplification de puissance est suggeree.
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Kelly, Howard Damian. "Being and time, §15 : around-for references and the content of mundane concern." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/being-and-time-15-aroundfor-references-and-the-content-of-mundane-concern(ce40e9c6-4305-4cd0-b3a5-1c50fb19cbb0).html.
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This thesis articulates a novel interpretation of Heidegger’s explication of the being (Seins) of gear (Zeugs) in §15 of his masterwork Being and Time (1927/2006) and develops and applies the position attributed to Heidegger to explain three phenomena of unreflective action discussed in recent literature and articulate a partial Heideggerian ecological metaphysics. Since §15 of BT explicates the being of gear, Part 1 expounds Heidegger’s concept of the ‘being’ (Seins) of beings (Seienden) and two issues raised in the ‘preliminary methodological remark’ in §15 of BT regarding explicating being. §1.1 interprets the being (Sein) or synonymously constitution of being (Seinsverfassung) of a being (Seienden) as a regional essence: a property unifying a region (Region), district (Bezirk), or subject-area (Sachgebiet) – a highly general (‘regional’) class of entities. Although Heidegger posits two components of the being of a being, viz. material-content (Sachhaltigkeit, Sachgehalt) and mode-of-being (Seinsart) or way-of-being (Seinsweise, Weise des Seins, Weise zu sein) (1927/1975, 321), the unclarity of this distinction means that it does not figure prominently herein. §1.2 addresses Heidegger’s distinction between ontological and ontic investigations and his notion of ‘modes of access’ (Zugangsarten, Zugangsweisen). Part 2 expounds §15 of BT’s explication of the being of gear. §2.1 analyses Heidegger’s two necessary and sufficient conditions for being gear and three core basic concepts (Grundbegriffe) enabling comprehension of these conditions and therewith a foundational comprehension of gear. Heidegger explicates the being of gear through content of unreflectively purposeful, non-intersubjective intentional states. I term such states ‘mundane concern’, which is almost synonymous with Hubert Dreyfus’s term ‘absorbed coping’ (1991, 69). Heidegger’s explication highlights around-for references (Um-zu-Verweisungen) as the peculiar species of property figuring in mundanely concernful intentional content. §2.2 clarifies Heidegger’s position on the relationship between to-hand-ness (Zuhandenheit) and extantness (Vorhandenheit) in the narrow sense: two of Heidegger’s most widely discussed concepts. I reject Kris McDaniel’s recent reading of Heidegger as affirming that nothing could be both to-hand and extant simultaneously (McDaniel 2012). Part 3 develops and applies Heidegger’s phenomenology of mundane concern. §3.1 explains the phenomena of situational holism, situated normativity, and mundanely concernful prospective control. §3.2 undertakes the metaphysical accommodation of around-for references, which §3.1 posited as featuring prominently within mundanely concernful intentional content. This thesis thus contributes not only to Heidegger scholarship, but also to contemporary debates within the philosophy of action and cognitive science.
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Stead, Dennis John. "The evaluation of a career education programme for black grade eleven learners in the Ekurhuleni districts of Gauteng / D.J. Stead." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2444.
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Nobile, Didier. "Application du concept d’orientation entrepreneuriale au champ des collectivités territoriales : Mise en place d’un dispositif d’accompagnement de l’élu entrepreneur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0342/document.
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L’orientation entrepreneuriale constitue un concept éprouvé en sciences de gestion. Si les travaux qui lui sont consacrés concernent très majoritairement les entreprises privées et retiennent une approche quantitative, on assiste à présent à une aspiration au renouvellement de la recherche autour du concept (méthodologie, champ d’application...). Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce courant en abordant l’orientation entrepreneuriale des élus locaux par le biais d’une démarche d’accompagnement par la prospective. Pour ce faire nous émettons deux propositions de recherche : la première repose sur le bien fondé de l’utilisation de ce concept chez les élus des collectivités territoriales et la seconde sur l’efficacité des démarches d’accompagnement fondées sur la prospective pour ces élus. Après une revue de littérature consacrée à la dimension entrepreneuriale des élus et une première approche du concept dans les collectivités territoriales au travers de trois minis cas, nous déployons une démarche qualitative de recherche intervention de type ingénierique. Cette dernière a pour objet d’accompagner la structuration de la filière Santé-Biotechnologies en Lorraine. A l’issue de cette thèse nous concluons à la validité des propositions émises. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence les apports conceptuels et managériaux et nous envisageons les perspectives de recherche qu’elle génèreEntrepreneurial orientation is now a highly-proven concept in management sciences. While the work devoted to the subject mostly relates to private enterprises and adopts a quantitative approach, a fresh current has now undertaken to revisit research in this field (methodology, scope…). This doctor’s thesis is in line with the new trend and shows elected local officials’ entrepreneurial orientation through a prospective accompaniment approach. To do this, I have come up with two research proposals. The first is based on stressing the relevance of resorting to the concept in a political environment, and the second rests on the efficiency of the prospective guiding steps destined for elected officials. The review of literature devoted to the entrepreneurial dimension of elected politicians followed by a preliminary approach of the concept through three case studies pave the way for an engineering qualitative approach of action research. It is meant to provide guidance for the structuring of the Health and Biotechnology sector in the Lorraine region. The conclusion of the thesis shows the relevance of the submissions and highlights the conceptual and managerial contributions before it opens up on some forms of potential ensuing research
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Lackay, Joaline Merle. "'n Beroepsgerigte opleidingsprogram vir adolessente leerders met intellektuele gestremdheid." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6495.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to develop a vocational training programme for the adolescent learner with an intellectual disability. There is a need for these learners to be trained for work in the open labour market. From the literature it is apparent that American legislation is in place for these learners to gain access to schools, colleges and universities. The literature also makes it clear that parent involvement and community involvement are essential for the planning and implementation of a vocational training programme. To answer the research question, a qualitative participatory action research study was conducted from an interpretive research paradigm. The researcher implemented multiple sources to generate data, namely semistructured interviews, a literature review, personal documents and field notes. In the course of the study a number of steps were taken to ensure the credibility of the data and to pay attention to the ethical aspects that emerged during the research. The literature review extends over two chapters: Firstly the American legislation on vocational training programmes for the adolescent with intellectual disabilities was studied, as well as the South African Educational legislation after 1994. Secondly the three national curriculum programmes are described, namely Outcomes-based Education, Curriculum 2005 and the National Curriculum Statement. The vocational training programme was developed in accordance with the principles of the National Curriculum Statement, learning area Life orientation, Learning outcome 5: the world of work. The development of the learning programmes,work schedules and the lesson plans were adapted to suit the needs of the learners with intellectual disabilities. The findings concluded that schools can train learners to prepare them for entering the open labour market. The teachers cannot do the vocational training in school alone; they need the support of the parents and the community.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om 'n beroepsgerigte opleidingsprogram vir die adolessente leerder met intellektuele gestremdheid te ontwikkel. Daar is 'n behoefte vir hierdie leerders om opgelei te word om toegang tot die ope arbeidsmark te verkry. Uit die literatuur is dit duidelik dat Amerikaanse wetgewing vir beroepsgerigte opleiding in plek is vir die genoemde leerders om tot skole, kolleges en universiteite toegang te verkry. Ouer- en gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid is belangrik in die beplanning en implementering van 'n beroepsgerigte opleidingsprogram. In antwoord op die navorsingsvraag is 'n kwalitatiewe deelnemendeaksie-navorsingstudie vanuit 'n interpretatiewe paradigma onderneem. Die navorser het van verskeie bronne gebruik gemaak om data te genereer, naamlik semigestruktureerde onderhoude, 'n literatuurondersoek, persoonlike dokumente en veldnotas. Tydens die studie is verskillende maatreëls toegepas om die geloofwaardigheid van die data te verseker. Die etiese aspekte het ook aandag geniet. Die literatuurstudie strek oor twee hoofstukke. Die eerste behels die Amerikaanse wetgewing op beroepsgerigte opleidingsprogramme, sowel as die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing ná 1994 op spesiale onderwys. Tweedens is die drie kurrikulumbenaderings ondersoek, naamlik Uitkomsgebaseerde Onderwys, Kurrikulum 2005 en die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring. Die beroepsgerigte opleidingsprogram is ontwikkel volgens die beginsels van die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring in die leerarea Lewensoriëntering, Leeruitkomste 5: Die wêreld van werk. Die ontwikkeling van die leerprogramme, werkskedules en lesplanne is aangepas volgens die behoeftes van leerders met intellektuele gestremdhede. Die bevindings het gelei tot die gevolgtrekking dat leerders op skool opgelei kan word om die ope arbeidsmark te betree. Die opvoeders kan nie die beroepsopleiding op skool alleen vermag nie; hulle benodig die ondersteuning van die ouers en die gemeenskap.
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Karlsson, Jerfström Sara, and Vanya Rosén. "Valkompetens hos gymnasieelever : Elevers perspektiv på gymnasievalet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172765.
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Many students change their choice of secondary school programme or fail to complete their studies which results in a great cost to society or personal costs for the student. The purpose is to examine the experiences of two groups of upper secondary school students regarding their choice of upper secondary school programme. The questions we wanted answers to were: what influenced the student’s choice of study, what support did the students receive from comprehensive school and what might have caused them to choose another programme. The study was carried out in two focus groups where one of the groups was made up of students who had chosen the “right” programme and the other made up of students who had chosen the “wrong” programme. One thing that influenced the student’s choice of upper secondary school programme was whether or not the programme provided eligibility to higher studies which they had heard from primary school and parents was a choice that would give them many possibilities in the future. It appeared that there had not been much of a guidance process for developing career management skills which could have given the students support in reflecting over their transition to upper secondary school. The students’ interests and the parents and people near the students influenced the students’ choices. The study shows that students needed a longer guidance process and a clearer understanding of its purpose. Narrow and wide guidance varied depending on a student’s comprehensive school. They would have needed a better description of the consequences such as what study demands were required for the programme and what moving or commuting would mean in practice.
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Klaasen, Danoven. "’n Poging om my klaskamerpraktyk in beroepsvoorligting by 'n landelike VOO-skool te verbeter : 'n aksienavorsingsbenadering." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80011.
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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this mini-thesis I share the action research that I undertook at the school where I teach. This research was an attempt to improve my practice in career guidance, a sub-division of Life Orientation. The need for a study of this nature was developed out of my experiences with matriculants who appear to be confused about their future careers they intent pursuing. It appeared that they lacked the capacity to do self-planning and did not really comprehend how to plan their future careers. In reflection on career guidance, in general, and my own teaching practice in particular, I came to the conclusion that there is a real problem in terms of the effectiveness of career guidance and that I, in my technicist attitude towards policies of the education department, perhaps unconsciously, became part of the maintenance of a fruitless practice. Although I dutifully carry out the curriculum according to the required education policies, there remain an uncertainty and a concern regarding the practicality surrounding career guidance and more so when it comes to disadvantaged students from rural areas. This compelled me to do some introspection about the way I was teaching and involving the learners in my career guidance classes. This introspection lead me to the realisation that the instrumentalist and technicist way of teaching (‘talk and chalk’ method of teaching) and my endeavour to finish my content and assessment tasks within a certain prescribed timeframe, were at odds with creative career guidance teaching. My classroom practice was trapped in the old methods, and I was caught up in the old traditional ways while teaching a 21st-century learner. In an effort to address the above-mentioned issues of concern, I address the following critical questions, namely: - How can career guidance be used as a tool to improve the life skills of learners from a poor rural school? - How can I improve my classroom practice? In Chapter one I explore my background and provide reasons why I got involved in this project. In my literature review, I suggest that the principles of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R–12 (2012) and the outcomes that the learners have to achieve have certain implications for classroom practice. This is in line with Cuseo’s (1996) view that basic education is guaranteed by not only giving form to the structure of the curriculum, but also to what happens between learners and teachers in the classroom. A detailed description of the two action research projects that were undertaken with Grade eleven learners at my school is given in Chapters four and five. In the final chapter of this thesis, I reflect on the research engaged in the classroom and I also reflect on the future of teachers as researchers. I believe that any attempt to improve the education and conditions of our rural and disadvantaged schools would go a long way in addressing the inequities prevalent in our society.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie mini-tesis deel ek die aksienavorsing wat ek by die skool waar ek onderrig, onderneem het. Hierdie navorsing was ʼn poging om my praktyk in beroepsvoorligting, ʼn onderafdeling van Lewensoriëntering, te verbeter. Die noodsaaklikheid van ʼn studie van hierdie aard het voortgespruit uit my ervaringe met matrikulante wat totaal verward voorkom oor hul toekoms en ʼn kommerwekkende gebrek aan kapasiteit toon om selfbeplanning te doen en nie regtig weet hoe om hul toekoms te beplan nie. Tydens refleksie oor beroepsvoorligting in die algemeen en my eie onderrigpraktyk in die besonder het ek tot die slotsom gekom dat daar ’n wesenlike probleem ten opsigte van die effektiwiteit van beroepsvoorligting bestaan en dat ek, deur my tegnisistiese ingesteldheid teenoor beleide van die onderwysdepartement, dalk onbewustelik deel geword het van die instandhouding van ’n vrugtelose praktyk. Alhoewel ek pligsgetrou die kurrikulum en gepaardgaande onderwysbeleide uitvoer, stem hierdie onsekerheid en onbekwaamheid van ons leerders my tot kommer. Dit het my genoodsaak om terug te staan en my eie praktyk in heroorweging te neem en te bevraagteken. Hierdie introspeksie het my gelei tot die bewuswording dat my instrumentele en tegnisistiese ingesteldheid ook in my klaskamerpraktyk gemanifesteer word deurdat ek, in my strewe om inhoud en assesseringstake binne ʼn voorgestelde tydsraamwerk te voltooi, in my klaskamerpraktyk na die ‘talk’ en ‘chalk’-metode geneig het. My onderrigpraktyk was dus van ʼn ou, tradisionele aard en het nie tred gehou met die moderne eeu waarin ons onsself bevind nie. In ʼn poging om bogenoemde aspekte aan te spreek, bespreek ek die volgende kritiese vrae: - Hoe kan beroepsvoorligting gebruik word as ʼn hulpmiddel om die lewensvaardighede van leerders van ʼn arm landelike skool te verbeter? - Hoe kan ek my praktyk in die klaskamer verbeter? Ek suggesteer ook in my literatuuroorsig dat die beginsels waarop die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring grade R–12 (2012) rus en die uitkomstes wat deur die leerders bereik moet word ʼn sekere klaskamerpraktyk impliseer. Hierdie aanname is in ooreenstemming met Cuseo (1996) se siening dat algemene onderwys verseker word deur nie net aan die struktuur van die kurrikulum vorm te gee nie, maar deur ook aan wat tussen leerders en onderwysers in die klaskamer gebeur, vorm te gee. ʼn Gedetailleerde beskrywing van my twee aksienavorsingsprojekte, wat ek met graad elf-leerders by my skool onderneem het, word in hoofstukke vier en vyf gegee. In die laaste hoofstuk van hierdie tesis reflekteer ek oor my navorsing in die klaskamer en die toekoms vir die onderwyser-navorser. Ek glo dat enige poging om die onderwys en toestande van ons landelike en minder-bevoorregte skole te verbeter ‘n lang pad sal gaan om die ongelykhede wat teenwoordig is in ons gemeenskappe aan te spreek. In Hoofstuk een verskaf ek inligting met betrekking tot my agtergrond en gee ook redes waarom ek by hierdie projek betrokke geraak het. In my literatuuroorsig fokus ek op aspekte wat direk en indirek aan die onderwerp van hierdie aksienavorsingstesis gekoppel word.