Academic literature on the topic 'Active Knee Extension Test'
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Journal articles on the topic "Active Knee Extension Test"
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Kane, Yvonne, and Jay Bernasconi. "Analysis of a Modified Active Knee Extension Test." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 15, no. 3 (1992): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1992.15.3.141.
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Garner, Amelia Jane, Reza Saatchi, Oliver Ward, Harriet Nwaizu, and Daniel Philip Hawley. "Proof-of-Concept Study of the Use of Accelerometry to Quantify Knee Joint Movement and Assist with the Diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." Technologies 10, no. 4 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies10040076.
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood. Seven children and young people (CYP) with a diagnosis of JIA and suspected active arthritis of a single knee joint were recruited for this proof-of-concept study. The presence of active arthritis was confirmed by clinical examination. Four tri-axial accelerometers were integrated individually in elastic bands and placed above and below each knee. Participants performed ten periodic flexion-extensions of each knee joint while lying down, followed by walking ten meters in a straight path. The contralateral (non-inflamed) knee joint acted as a control. Accelerometry data were concordant with the results of clinical examination in six out of the seven patients recruited. There was a significant difference between the accelerometry measured range of movement (ROM, p-value = 0.032) of the knees with active arthritis and the healthy contralateral knees during flexion-extension. No statistically significant difference was identified between the ROM of the knee joints with active arthritis and healthy knee joints during the walking test. The study demonstrated that accelerometry may help in differentiating between healthy knee joints and those with active arthritis; however, further research is required to confirm these findings.
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Cameron, Denise M., and Richard W. Bohannon. "Relationship Between Active Knee Extension and Active Straight Leg Raise Test Measurements." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 17, no. 5 (1993): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1993.17.5.257.
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Aronson, Patricia A., Arie M. Rijke, and Christopher D. Ingersoll. "Bilateral Medial Tibiofemoral Joint Stiffness in Full Extension and 20° of Knee Flexion." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 2 (2008): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.157.
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Abstract Context: The valgus stress test is used clinically to assess injury to the medial knee structures in 2 positions: full extension and some degree of flexion. The amount of flexion used to “isolate” the medial collateral ligament is not consistent in the literature, but most studies have shown that stiffness of the ligaments was consistent between the limbs. Objective: To determine (1) if the stiffness of the medial knee structures was the same bilaterally, and (2) if the stiffness was different in full extension compared with 20° of knee flexion. Design: Criterion standard, before-after design. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Both knees of 45 healthy and active volunteers (26 females, 19 males; age = 23.2 ± 3.96 years, height = 170.6 ± 7.75 cm, mass = 74.2 ± 15.14 kg) were studied. Intervention(s): A valgus force of 60 N was applied to the lateral aspect of both knees in full extension and in 20° of flexion. Main Outcome Measure(s): The slope of the force-strain line of the medial knee during a valgus force was calculated using the LigMaster arthrometer. Results: Slope means in full extension were 16.1 ± 3.3 (right knee) and 15.8 ± 3.1(left knee). Means for 20° of flexion were 12.2 ± 3.1 (right) and 11.7 ± 2.8 (left). Stiffness was greater when the knee was in full extension versus 20° of flexion (t44 = 12.04, P < .001). No difference was noted between the slopes of the 2 knees in extension (t44 = 0.74, P = .46) or in flexion (t44 = 1.2, P = .27). Conclusions: These findings support the use of the contralateral knee as a control. Further, the valgus stress test should be performed in full extension and in some degree of flexion to assess the different restraining structures of the medial tibiofemoral joint.
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Connor, Siobhán O., Noel McCaffrey, Enda Whyte, and Kieran Moran. "Reliability of a Modified Active Knee Extension Test for Assessment of Hamstring Flexibility." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 20, no. 4 (2015): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2015-0007.
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Context:Hamstring injuries are prevalent among team and field sport athletes, and poor flexibility has been theorized as a risk factor. The active knee extension test has been proposed as the gold standard for assessment of hamstring flexibility. Many variations of this test are employed, each of which utilizes a complex apparatus that is difficult to transport, time-consuming to set up, and often unavailable to most clinicians. Thus, a method that utilizes inexpensive and readily available equipment is needed for screening.Objective:To establish the intertester and intratester reliability of a modified active knee extension test that requires minimal equipment.Design:Reliability study.Setting:Athletic therapy facilities.Patients or Other Participants:Fifteen male athletes (19.5 ± 0.6 years) free from any orthopedic or neurological disorders were recruited from a convenience sample of collegiate students.Intervention(s):Three testers participated in three training sessions before data collection. Participants completed three trials of the modified active knee extension test and returned the following week at the same time and day to repeat the process.Main Outcome Measure(s):The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval, and the standard error of measurement were calculated to assess inter- and intratester reliability.Results:High ICC values were found for intertester reliability (right leg = .98; left leg = .99) and intratester reliability (right leg = .78−.89; left leg = .79−.94).Conclusions:The modified active knee extension test utilizes readily available equipment and offers a quick, reliable, and low-cost alternative for measurement of hamstring flexibility.
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Boling, Michelle, Darin Padua, J. Troy Blackburn, Meredith Petschauer, and Christopher Hirth. "Hip Adduction Does not Affect VMO EMG Amplitude or VMO:VL Ratios during a Dynamic Squat Exercise." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 15, no. 3 (2006): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.3.195.
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Context:Clinicians commonly attempt to facilitate vastus medialis oblique (VMO) activity by instructing patients to squeeze a ball between their knees during squatting exercises.Objective:To determine whether VMO activation amplitude and the VMO to vastus lateralis (VL) activation ratio (VMO:VL) were altered when performing active hip adduction during a dynamic squat exercise.Design:Single test session.Participants:Fifteen healthy subjects, with no history of knee pain, volunteered for this study.Intervention:Surface EMG of the VMO, VL, and hip adductor (ADD) muscles were recorded while subjects performed 10 consecutive squats against their body weight through a range of 0° to 90° of knee flexion. Subjects performed the squat exercises during two different conditions: (1) active hip adduction and (2) no hip adduction.Main Outcome Measures:Average VMO EMG amplitude and VMO:VL ratio were determined during the knee flexion (0° to 90°) and knee extension (90° to 0°) phases of the squat exercise.Results:Active hip adduction did not significantly change VMO amplitude or VMO:VL ratio during the knee flexion or knee extension phases of the dynamic squat exercise.Conclusions:Based on these results, we conclude that VMO amplitude and the VMO: VL ratio are not influenced by performing active hip adduction during a dynamic squat exercise in healthy subjects.
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Shrivastava, Purnima, Vansh Maheshwari, Sabhya Pritwani, et al. "Reliability and agreement of a smartphone-based application for assessing knee range of motion." Wellcome Open Research 10 (May 15, 2025): 237. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23669.1.
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Background Smartphone applications using built-in gyroscopes are attractive options for measuring range of motion of a joint (ROM) to facilitate self-assessment. We developed and quantified the measurement error of a mobile application (test-app) and compared it with a universal goniometer (UG) to assess knee ROM of healthy, osteoarthritic, or replaced knees using a cross-sectional study design. Methods Active knee ROM in the sitting and supine positions was recorded among healthy adult participants (n=80), those with osteoarthritis (n=31), and those following knee replacement (n=28). The comparisons were repeated measurements with UG and with test-app under the same conditions: UG versus test-app, physiotherapist versus patient’s accompanier with test-app in the same phone and different phones, and a physiotherapist measuring ROM on different stool heights using the test- app. We reported the mean difference between two measurements with 95% limits of agreement (LoA) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated using one-way random effects as a reliability measure. Results The 95% LoA between the UG and test-app in supine flexion was -7.5° to +4.5° and extension was ±4°. The test-retest agreement of the UG for knee flexion in the supine position was -10.6° to 8.8° and extension was -4° to +4.2° with an ICC of 0.70 (flexion) and 0.68 (extension). The test-retest 95% LoA of the test-app in supine flexion and sitting flexion across all scenarios was ±8.5°. The test-retest 95% LoA of extension in both positions was ±6.5° and test-retest reliability of flexion ranged between 0.70 to 0.99 and extension between 0.16 to 0.97 across all scenarios. Conclusion The test-app is reliable for differentiating between various ROM of the knee with measurement errors no greater than UG. It has the potential to measure changes in ROM above 8° flexion and 7° extension. This app can enable remote measurement and monitoring of knee ROM.
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Norris, C. M., and M. Matthews. "Inter-tester reliability of a self-monitored active knee extension test." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 9, no. 4 (2005): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2005.06.002.
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Imtiaz, Rafia, Asma Sattar, Anum Qaiser, et al. "Association of Hamstring Tightness with Lower Extremity Injuries in Athletes (Analytical Cross-Sectional Study)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 5 (2023): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175575.
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Background: Flexibility if muscle is required for normal bio-mechanical functioning. Muscle tightness results from reduced capability of muscle to modify its shape during movement which results in decreased ROM. Hamstring tightness is one of the cause of hamstring injuries in athletes which leads to slowed recovery and compromises performance of athlete in the field. Objective: To find the association of hamstring tightness with lower extremity injuries in athletes. Methodology: The study was conducted on 141 athletes out of those 61 were cricketers and 80 were footballers. This study was conducted from January to May 2023. Convenient sampling was used and participants were selected from different football and cricket clubs of Lahore on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the lower extremity injuries and active knee extension test use to measure the hamstring tightness in athletes. Statistical data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Result: The results showed negative correlation between Active knee Extension test and lower extremity injuries as the value of Pearson Correlation coefficient was r = -0.204. The mean±SD for Active knee Extension test was 1.31± 0.456 while that of Lower extremity Injury level was 1.28±0.56. There was significant association between AKE test and Knee pain and LBP as P-value of 0.047 amd 0.048 was obtained respectively, while there was no significant association seen between AKE test and lower extremity Injury level as p- value of 0.34 was obtined. The p-value represented that null hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: On the basis of results Hamstring tightness is not found to be associated with Lower Extremity Injuries. While hamstring tightness could cause knee pain and low back pain in athletes. So maintaining the flexibility of hamstring in athletes could reduce the knee pain and LBP and will enhance their participation in sports. Keywords: Hamstring tightness,Nordic questionnaire ,active knee extension test.
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Kuilart, Kate Elissa, Melanie Woollam, Elizabeth Barling, and Nicholas Lucas. "The active knee extension test and Slump test in subjects with perceived hamstring tightness." International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 8, no. 3 (2005): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2005.07.004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Active Knee Extension Test"
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Call, Michael H. IV. "The Effects of Wearing Prophylatic Knee Sleeves/Braces on Selected Isokinetic Measures During a Velocity Spectrum Knee Extension Test." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36922.
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Twenty Virginia Tech varsity football players, age 18-24, volunteered as subjects to examine the effects of wearing prophylatic knee sleeves/ braces on selected isokinetic measures (i.e. strength, power and endurance). Each subject performed the Biodex (Multi-Joint System 2AP) knee extension test in each of three experimental conditions: sleeved with the Don Joy Knee support (S-DJ); braced with the McDavid lateral knee support (B-MD); and the control, unsupported condition (C-UN). The order of experimental conditions and the specific knee tested were randomized. The subjects were administered a Biodex knee extension test at 60 deg/sec, 210 deg/sec, and 450 deg/sec. The test protocol consisted of five maximal repetitions at 60 deg/sec, twenty maximal repetitions at 210 deg/sec and thirty maximal repetitions at 450 deg/sec. The following isokinetic measures were recorded: (1) peak torque to body weight ratio at 60 deg/sec. (2) work to fatigue ratio at 210º and 450 deg/sec. (3) average power at 210º and 450 deg/sec, and (4) range of motion at 60º, 210º, and 450 deg/sec. One way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant difference ( p > .03 ) in peak torque to body weight ratio treatment groups; work to fatique ratio, average power and range of motion revealed no significant diference among the three experimental conditions. The investigator concluded that prophylatic knee sleeves/braces effects peak torque to body weight ratio; the effect of different levels of condition does not depend on what level of speed is present for work to fatigue, average power and range of motion.<br>Master of Science
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Blazquez, Ivan. "An Optimal Interset Rest Period For Strength Recovery During A Common Isokinetic Test." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/833.
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Introduction: Isokinetic testing is used in rehabilitation settings on a regular basis, yet there is a lack of consistency in rest period usage among protocols. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish an optimal rest period that would allow reproducibility of strength during a common isokinetic strength-test. Methods: Twentyseven healthy college-aged males underwent isokinetic strength testing to determine peak torque at 60, 180 and 300 deg/sec, respectively. Work:rest ratios of 1:3, 1:8 and 1:12 were counterbalanced between sets. A 3 X 3 repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The p < .05 level of significance was used for all tests. Results: There was no significant difference in either knee extension or knee flexion peak torque when comparing work:rest ratios. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a 1:3 work:rest ratio is sufficient during a common isokinetic strength test.
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Lau, Jacky H. (Jacky Homing). "Design of test bench apparatus and preliminary weight reduction strategy for an active knee prosthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68848.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 32).<br>This thesis presents the design and structural analyses of an experimental test bench for the characterization of an active biomimetic knee prosthesis currently being developed by the Biomechatronics research group at MIT Media Laboratory. Finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to determine the maximum stress and material deflections of three principle components of the test bench and to verify their structural integrity. In addition, FEA is performed on the chassis of the active knee prosthesis when subjected to the expected loads associated with walking. The simulation results verify that the active prosthetic do not expect structural failure during level ground walking trials with above knee amputee participants. Finally, an empirical weight reduction strategy for the active knee is proposed and analyzed. This strategy aims to reduce distal leg mass which contributes to the overall energetic demands of amputee walking. FEA on the modified active knee prosthesis chassis validate the strategy modifications while maintaining the original design feature constraints.<br>by Jacky H. Lau.<br>S.B.
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Tsai, Wen-Chai, and 蔡汶錡. "Design of an Simulation-Human Knee Flexion-Extension Test System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vfte95.
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碩士<br>國立虎尾科技大學<br>機械設計工程研究所<br>102<br>This study proposes a simulated human knee flexion-extension test system, representing a simplified knee joint model on the sagittal plane. Bones in the proposed system are made of aluminum, including the patella, femur, and tibia. NI embedded system with LabVIEW takes controls over the whole systems and acquires various signals. This simulated system is expected to be a preliminary verification system for functionalities and safety for knee brace researchers and developers, significantly reducing the danger to human and increasing the experiment efficiency.
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Andrade, Ricardo Jorge Nóbrega. "Effect of head, trunk and foot position on knee passive extension torque-angle response." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5493.
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Mestrado em Treino de Alto Rendimento<br>Cadavers and in vivo studies have shown that cervical, thoracic and ankle movements cause changes in position and tension of peripheral nervous system (PNS). Howerver, it is not clear if the head, trunk, and foot position affects torque-angle response of knee joint. The aim of this study was to compare the knee passive extension torque-angle response at different combinations of foot, trunk, and head testing position. (...)<br>Estudos realizados em cadáveres e in vivo têm demonstrado que os movimentos da coluna cervical, torácica e tibiotársica provocam variações de posição e de tensão ao nível do sistema nervoso periférico (SNP). Contudo, não é claro se o posicionamento da cabeça, tronco e pé afecta a relação "momento-ângulo" do joelho. O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar a relação "momento-ângulo" durante a extensão passiva do joelho (EPJ) em testes com diferentes combinações do pé, tronco e cabeça. (...)
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Kostidis, Michael. "A comparison of the effect of muscle energy technique (Greenman method) and passive stretching on hamstring extensibility." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/845/.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Muscle Energy Technique (MET), as described by Greenman (Greenman 1996), to a static stretch of 30 seconds duration for increasing the extensibility of the hamstring muscles. Sixty-three asymptomatic participants (40 female and 23 male) were examined for hamstring extensibility using a modified active knee extension (AKE). Participants were than directed to another room where they were randomly allocated to either a 30-second static stretch or MET group. Following intervention, participants returned immediately to the examination room for AKE measurement, and then once again 30 minutes later. The results showed a mean increase of 3.55 degrees in the MET group, whereas passive stretching produced a mean increase of 2.79 degrees. Upon analysis of the data using a SPANOVA, a significant change over time in the AKE values was found, however, there were no significant differences between the the two groups over time. The between-group effect size was small. Although the measurement procedure was determined to be repeatable, modifications to the AKE methodology may have resulted in under-estimation of the error range, and raise major concerns about the validity of the measurement procedure. In the view of this methodological flaw, no conclusions can be made regarding the effectiveness of the two manual techniques. Future studies are recommended using the accepted AKE methodology.
This minor thesis was written by a post-graduate student as part of the requirements of the Master of Health Science (Osteopathy) program.
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Featherston, Jessica. "A comparison of the effect of muscle energy technique (Chaitow method) and passive stretching on hanstring extensibility." Thesis, 2006. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/796/.
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This study compared the effects of the Chaitow Muscle Energy Technique (MET), with passive stretching for increasing hamstring muscle extensibility both immediately and after 30 minutes. Fifty nine asymptomatic participants were measured for hamstring length using active knee extension (AKE). AKE was recorded using digital photography, and values were calculated using computer software. After the initial measurement, participants were randomly allocated to either a passive stretch or MET intervention group. Immediately after the treatment, post-intervention measurements of AKE were recorded, and this was repeated 30 minutes later. There was a mean increase of 4.38 degrees recorded in the MET group, whereas passive stretching produced a mean increase of 2.24 degrees. Using a split-plot ANOVA, a significant change over time in the AKE values was found, however, there were no significant differences between groups. Although the measurement procedure was determined to be repeatable, modifications to the AKE methodology may have resulted in under-estimation of the error range, and raises major concerns about the validity of the measurement procedure. In view of this methodological flaw, no conclusions can be made regarding the effectiveness of the two manual techniques. Future studies are recommended using the accepted AKE methodology and measurement analysis.
This minor thesis was written by a post-graduate student as part of the requirements of the Master of Health Science (Osteopathy) program.
Book chapters on the topic "Active Knee Extension Test"
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Peterson, L., and M. I. Pitman. "The active pivot shift test - the role of the popliteus muscle." In Surgery and Arthroscopy of the Knee. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71022-3_55.
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Ferrante, Simona, Alessandra Pedrocchi, and Giancarlo Ferrigno. "A Closed Loop Neural Scheme to Control Knee Flex-Extension Induced by Functional Electrical Stimulation: Simulation Study and Experimental Test on a Paraplegic Subject." In Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75398-8_18.
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Waldman, Steven D. "The knee extension test for quadriceps expansion syndrome." In Physical Diagnosis of Pain. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-71260-6.00263-x.
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Liveson, Jay Allan. "Postlaminectomy Recurrence of Pain." In Peripheral Neurology. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135633.003.0042.
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Abstract Eleven days before his initial examination, while working, a 57-year-old man developed sudden low back pain radiating to his right leg. He complained of knee weakness with numbness distal to it. There was no exacerbation on Valsalva’s maneuver. Medical history revealed left chest and arm pain, a negative cardiac evaluation, and a kidney problem requiring diuretics. Physical Examination. Cranial nerve and cerebellar function were normal. He had weakness of right knee extension and hip adduction, with touch sensation decreased over the lateral thigh, medial leg, and foot. The right knee jerk was absent, with other DTRs active. Plantar responses were flexor. Lasègue’s sign was present on the right.
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Tesconi, Mario, Enzo Pasquale Scilingo, Pierluigi Barba, and Danilo De Rossi. "Wearable Kinesthetic System for Joint Knee Flexion-Extension Monitoring In Gait Analysis." In Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-889-5.ch174.
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Posture and motion of body segments are the result of a mutual interaction of several physiological systems such as nervous, muscle-skeletal, and sensorial. Patients who suffer from neuromuscular diseases have great difficulties in moving and walking, therefore motion or gait analysis are widely considered matter of investigation by the clinicians for diagnostic purposes. By means of specific performance tests, it could be possible to identify the severity of a neuromuscular pathology and outline possible rehabilitation planes. The main challenge is to quantify a motion anomaly, rather than to identify it during the test. At first, visual inspection of a video showing motion or walking activity is the simplest mode of examining movement ability in the clinical environment. It allows us to collect qualitative and bidimensional data, but it does not provide neither quantitative information about motion performance modalities (for instance about dynamics and muscle activity), nor about its changes. Moreover, the interpretation of recorded motion pattern is demanded to medical personnel who make a diagnosis on the basis of subjective experience and expertise. A considerable improvement in this analysis is given by a technical contribution to quantitatively analyse body posture and gesture. Advanced technologies allow us to investigate on anatomic segments from biomechanics and kinematics point of view, providing a wide set of quantitative variables to be used in multi-factorial motion analysis. A personal computer enables a realtime 3D reconstruction of motion and digitalizes data for storage and off-line elaboration. For this reason, the clinicians have a detailed description of the patient status and they can choose a specific rehabilitation path and verify the subject progress.
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Chen, Yu-Luen, and Te-Son Kuo. "A Feedback Controlled FES in Rehabilitation." In Handbook of Research on Personal Autonomy Technologies and Disability Informatics. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-206-0.ch009.
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A feedback control functional electrical stimulation (FES) system was proposed to prevent quadriceps weakness and drop-foot of the hemiplegia during gait training. The FES system is triggered by a footswitch on the heel of the affected foot to stimulate the tibialis anterior muscle for dorsi-flexion and to turn-off the knee locker in the swing phase through the main controller. The footswitch on the heel of the affected-side can be used to stimulate the quadriceps and turn-on the knee locker for quadriceps weakness in the stance phase. It was revealed that the mean velocity, cadence, stride length, active ankle motion range and functional ambulation category (FAC) were significantly improved. A paired t-test indicated that the differences in the electromyography (EMG) of the tibialis anterior and the quadriceps muscles between patient’s affected foot and unaffected foot were not significant (p>0.05) after 16 weeks of training. The proposed knee locker device with closed-loop FES system is capable of providing a hemiplegic patient with regular walking restoration after appropriate gait training.
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Tassone C., Liu X.C., Jones T., Thometz J., and Lyon R. "Alteration of Mobility and Trunk Muscle Activation During Walking and Bending in AIS Patients with Posterior Fusion." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-888-5-359.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in joint movement of the lower extremity (LE), postural mobility and paravertebral muscle activity between patients who have undergone posterior fusion procedures for progressive idiopathic scoliosis and healthy volunteers. Kinematics of the LE and trunk were analyzed using an Electromagnetic Tracking System (Polhemus Inc., Colchester, VT) during level walking, and muscular activity measured during stationary flexion, extension, and lateral bending using surface EMG (Noraxon, Scottsdale, AZ). The study included 6 patients who had undergone posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation ranging from T1 to L3, and 10 healthy volunteers without spinal asymmetry. Mean age of patients was 13.6 years at surgery and 15.9 years at follow-up. Standard t-test was used to determine significance &lpar;p&lt;0.05&rpar;. There was a trend towards increased gait velocity and increased cadence in fused patients. Torso displacement in the sagittal plane was increased whereas truncal rotation was decreased post-fusion as compared to normal subjects. Significant reduction in pelvic tilt, as well as hip and knee ROM in both stance and swing phase were measured post-fusion &lpar;P&lt;0.05&rpar;. Dramatic reductions of the area, mean, and peak values of each EMG phase (flexion and relaxation) were seen in trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and multifidus activity during forward flexion, extension, and lateral bending in post-operative patients &lpar;P&lt;0.05&rpar;. Overall, patients who have undergone posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis demonstrate altered gait patterns as well as diminished paraspinal muscular recruitment during spinal motions.
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Chen Jia-Jin J., Yang Jyh-Woei, and Chen Wen-Ling. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTICHANNEL ELCTROMYOGRAPHY." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-849-6-102.
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This paper discusses the spatio-temporal properties of multichannel electromyographic (EMG) signals and investigates muscle force estimates obtained by multichannel myoprocessor. The multichannel design is adopted to include the spatial information and thus enhances the sensitivity of the myoprocessor. In our experiment, fourteen pairs of electrodes with differential preamplifiers are applied to four major muscles about knee movement. Multichannel EMG signals and torque generated are measured during isometrical extension and flexion contraction in burst and ramp movements. To investigate the relationship between EMG signals recorded at different sites, the coherence function measuring the linear relationship in frequency between two EMG signals is utilized. To remove the spatial coupling effect between multichannel EMG signals, the spatial prewhitening processing is used to eliminate this effect. In this research, the power and shape of EMG spectra are found to be useful for determining the activation level and signature of a specific movement. It can be seen that the EMG signals measured from two adjacent electrodes have higher coherence values indicating better linear relationship in frequency. The frequency relationship of EMG signals measured at different electrode sites seems to be in a Gaussian distribution form. The results of muscle force estimation indicate that the more the electrodes are used, the less the estimate error is obtained. In the study of using model obtained in ramp force estimation to estimate constant force, the superiority of multichannel myoprocessor is observed. In addition, the result shows that the estimation error at lower contraction levels is less than that of higher contraction levels. The results of this research show the advantage of multichannel EMG processing. The extension of this study could be applied to functional neuromuscular stimulation and active prosthesis control. This study would be helpful in determining the applicability of multichannel surface EMG signals as a diagnostic and assessment tool for rehabilitation and neurology studies.
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Benkó, Aliz. "The role of participation and involvement in organisational learning." In No Question: Sustainability is Everyone’s Business : IV. BBS International Sustainability Student Conference Proceedings. Budapest Business School, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29180/9786156342386_1.
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Objectives: In my research, I investigate how and in what ways participation and involvement as a precondition for learning is present in Hungarian SMEs. Effective individual learning is a necessary precondition for effective cooperation both at the individual level and, by extension, at the organisational level. It is through collaborations that the organisational culture that leads to organisational learning and a learning organisation, which is the cornerstone of sustainable development, is created. Methodology: In my pilot research, I used a qualitative research method. I conducted five semi-structured management interviews in a medium-sized logistics company, which I then processed applying thematic coding. In this presentation, I explore how decision making is carried out at the company, what decisions are made in the company, how they are made and how employees are involved in the decision-making process. Findings: The intention of the CEO is that participation and involvement are consciously present at the company, but I found few real examples of this in the interviews. Important decisions are made by the CEO alone, such as the introduction of a performance appraisal system, but the HR department and members of the management are involved in working out the details. This practice is not conducive to employee participation and involvement in the decision-making process in the company, and thus does not promote a learning organisation culture. Research/practical implications: My research confirmed that translating knowledge into practice cannot happen without the active participation of the individual. The involvement of the individual and the realisation of effective learning is the starting point for the development of organisational learning and a learning organisation. Originality/value: Due to the qualitative exploratory nature and the small number of cases used in the pilot research, the results obtained are not statistically generalizable. My aim was to test my idea in practice on a theoretical level.
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Manzo, Alicia, Keith D. Putirka, Cathy J. Busby, and Amalie Larsen. "Not all large, intermediate-composition volcanic systems are transcrustal: Evidence from the Sierra Crest–Little Walker and Ebbetts Pass volcanic centers, central Sierra Nevada, California." In The Virtue of Fieldwork in Volcanology, Sedimentology, Structural Geology, and Tectonics—Celebrating the Career of Cathy Busby. Geological Society of America, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1130/2025.2563(04).
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ABSTRACT Volcanic rocks from the Ebbetts Pass (ca. 6–4.6 Ma) and the Sierra Crest–Little Walker (ca. 12–9 Ma) volcanic centers provide a test of how structural setting can influence magma storage and transport. Both volcanic centers lie within well-exposed pull-apart basins within the ancestral Cascades arc. Prior studies show that highly potassic lavas at the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanic center erupted during periods of higher rates of Walker Lane transtensional faulting. In contrast, the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center, while erupting similarly evolved volcanics, has few high-K lavas, and the volcanics appear to have erupted during higher transtensional extension rates. Here, we present new mineral composition data (clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase) that reveal contrasts between the Ebbetts Pass and Sierra Crest–Little Walker plumbing systems. We found that the high-K volcanics of the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanic center are the only volcanic materials to be erupted from a very wide range of depths, from just above the mantle to the shallow upper crust (~0.5–9 kbar). In contrast, every other eruptive unit in the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanic center records storage depths that are restricted to the upper half of the upper crust (&lt;2 kbar). The Ebbetts Pass volcanic center also differs from the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanic center in that volcanics there record cooler temperatures and a much more restricted range of pre-eruption temperatures. For example, clinopyroxenes span a 250 °C temperature range (875–1125 °C) at the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanic center but just a mere 50 °C range (950–1000 °C) at the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center. For olivine and plagioclase, temperatures at the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center are not only more restricted than those at the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanic center, but they cluster only at the low-temperature range of that exhibited by some of the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanics. Plagioclase thermometry shows a trend of decreasing temperature with time, while olivine temperatures are similar across the Sierra Crest–Little Walker and Ebbetts Pass volcanic centers. We infer this to mean that the magmas entered the system equally hot, but that cooling was greater at the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center. Perhaps our most significant finding is, unlike other large, intermediate-composition volcanic centers, the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center is not transcrustal. We also measured olivine profiles for diffusion time scales, but we found no evidence of a contrast in such time scales between the two volcanic centers. Fieldwork and age dates show that the transtensional basin that holds the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center experienced subsidence rates 50% higher than the basin that holds the Sierra Crest–Little Walker volcanic center system (3000 m/m.y. vs. 2000 m/m.y.), indicating that higher transtensional strain rates were active in the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center. We posit that larger transtensional strain rates encouraged recharge magmas at the Ebbetts Pass volcanic center to quickly transit otherwise viable lower- and middle-crust magmatic staging regions. This implies that transtensional stresses may exert a profound control on volcanic center development. However, we acknowledge that magmatic flux could be a significant limitation in interpreting these findings, as varying magmatic input over time might influence magma storage.
Conference papers on the topic "Active Knee Extension Test"
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Ishikawa, Nobuyuki, Taishi Fujishiro, Eiji Tada, et al. "Effect of Ni on Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Grooving in Carbon Steel - Part 2: Four Point Bend Test." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20709.
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Abstract Four point bend sulfide stress cracking (SSC) tests were carried out under various conditions of H2S partial pressure, pH, soaking time, and applied stress to investigate the formation of stress groove (or fissure) and SSC behavior in TS 800 MPa (116 ksi) grade steel plates with 1%Ni added and 0% Ni steels. Under low hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partial pressure conditions, a fissure was formed only in the 1%Ni steel, although no SSC occurred. Morphology of the fissure in 1% Ni steel indicates that fissure extends by a corrosion, which is also called the anodic dissolution or the active path corrosion (APC). The fissure in 1%Ni steel grew almost linearly with soaking time in the test solution with stabilized pH condition. Formation and growth of fissure was enhanced by higher applied stress and there was a limiting stress for the formation of fissure. SSC occurred in both steels under high H2S partial pressure and low pH conditions. Detailed metallographic investigation for SSC cracks revealed that a corrosion pit initially formed then turned into a crack possibly by hydrogen embrittlement (HE), then finally caused unstable crack extension to rapture the specimen. Based on the experimental results for the fissure formation and SSC, the effect of both APC and HE are discussed.
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Hernandez, Juan F., Ridha H. Abbas, Vinicius Giorgetti, and Fahad N. Abeedi. "Biocide Sustainability Impacts." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-18991.
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Abstract Health, safety and environmental factors (HSE), along with strong efficacy, have driven biocide selection to assure the integrity of more than 2,000 km of pipelines and flowlines shipping treated seawater. The seawater treatment facility (SWIS) is the world's largest for oil reservoir injection with a capacity of 14 million BPD. SWIS treats seawater from the Arabian gulf and transports it across the giant Ghawar and Khurais fields to water injection facilities, consuming over one million gallons of biocides annually to ensure pipeline integrity and reservoir health. A long term biocide HSE study was launched in 2014. In 2014, when a facility upgrade opened the previously closed biocide injection system, a transition was made to formaldehyde-free biocides to protect people. A pair of mostly formaldehyde and quaternary ammonium (QUAT) was replaced by a pair of predominantly glutaraldehyde and THPS with QUAT in the blend. The new pair achieved successful microbial control. A subsequent transition used blends that were compatible with membranes. Laboratory tests screened for compatibility and microbial control on both planktonic and sessile bacteria. A field trial was carried out for two sets of biocide pairs, each being tested during a period of six months with the monitoring of sessile and planktonic bacteria and biocide residuals across the SWIS. Final results showed strong efficacy for the new pairs without negative effects in the flux membrane recovery. In addition to protecting the people, the biocide study aims to protect the environment. New downstream treatment facilities, recently commissioned, will rely on both reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. These facilities will enable the transition from groundwater to seawater by making seawater compatible with reservoirs. During laboratory and field tests, membranes experienced a varying degree of irreversible flux loss by chemistries such as QUAT and THPS. This added a new criteria of membrane compatibility to already formaldehyde-free biocides. Laboratory testing was set to determine fouling of the membranes when exposed to biocides, the flux recovery by cleaning and the estimated life of membranes based on exposure, frequency and concentration. The criteria for success was set as a permanent flux loss &lt;20% for 60,000 ppm hours of exposure. The two best performing pairs progressed to field testing during 2021 with successful results in the control of planktonic and sessile bacteria across all the extension of the SWIS. The challenges and tradeoffs in the study to protect people, environment and pipeline integrity are unique, but biocide relation to RO and NF membranes might become more widespread in arid regions. Membrane compatible biocides are typically short-lived, while this pipeline network is lengthy. This is the first attempt to test novel biocide mixtures that are formaldehyde-free, membrane compatible, and protective of extensive pipeline networks. Having transitioned from highly flammable biocides, the renewed study banned carcinogen chemistries and explored less-toxic biocides and bioderived biocide enhancers. Biocide active reagents and surfactant blends were mandated to be compatible with membranes, whether for RO or NF, to enable the transition away from groundwater withdrawals at certain downstream facilities.
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Hoover, Carl D., Kevin B. Fite, George D. Fulk, and Donald W. Holmes. "Myoelectric Torque Control of an Active Transfemoral Prosthesis During Stair Ascent." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5998.
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This paper presents experimental results of a myoelectric impedance controller designed for reciprocal stair ascent with an active-knee powered transfemoral prosthesis. The controller is modeled from non-amputee (normal) motion capture data, estimating knee torque with a linear two-state (stance/swing) impedance control form that includes proportional myoelectric torque control. The normal gait model is characterized by small stiffness and damping in both stance and swing, a low angle set-point in stance, a high angle set-point in swing, and proportional myoelectric control in stance but not swing. Clinical tests with a single unilateral transfemoral amputee indicate good performance of the controller; however, subject feedback suggests a reduction in the extensive myoelectric torque parameter and the need for constant, balanced myoelectric torque parameters in both stance and swing. Average prosthesis knee joint kinetics from a stairwell test using the amputee-tuned controller compare favorably with non-amputee gait data.
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Bunford, Ruth, Braid MacRae, James Waldie, and Rajiv Padhye. "The Development of a Base Layer for a Sensorimotor Countermeasure Skinsuit: Garment Comfort and Mobility." In 22th AUTEX World Textile Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-yeqrb8.
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When an astronaut transitions out of the weightless environment of space (e.g., landing on Earth, Mars, or the Moon), they can experience balance and co-ordination issues due to sensorimotor dysfunction. This paper details the development of the base layer garment for a Sensorimotor Countermeasure Skinsuit (SMCS), and test ideas to improve comfort and mobility through considered patternmaking techniques. A Version 1 (V1) SMCS base layer was made-to-measure for one participant. The garment was assessed for comfort and mobility through a series of tests: sit and reach (S&R), active range-of-motion (ROM) joint angles, and timed up and go (TU&G), etc. The SMCS V1 caused a restriction to mobility, and scored high discomfort ratings, when compared to a baseline of loose gym clothing. A Version 2 (V2) SMCS base layer was developed with an objective of improving upon the discomfort and mobility ratings. The SMCS V2 base layer garment was assessed and was found to have improved discomfort ratings (= ‘Minor discomfort if worn all day’) when compared to the SMCS V1 (≥ ‘Too uncomfortable to wear all day’). The SMCS V2 base layer garment was found to have improved mobility during S&R tests and TU&G tests when compared to the results from SMCS V1. The SMCS V2 base layer garment was also found to have improved active ROM during shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, hip flexion, and knee flexion, when compared to the SMCS V1. However, active ROM decreased during hip-extension and hip-abduction.The results of this study can be used to advance the design of compression garments that are used within the sports and medical industries.
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Schwartz, F. P., F. A. O. Nascimento, M. Bottaro, and R. S. Celes. "The behavior of action potential conduction velocity on isokinetic knee extension tests." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626751.
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Schwartz, F. P., and F. A. O. Nascimento. "Stationarity of surface electromyographic signals on isokinetic knee extension test." In 2011 Pan American Health Care Exchanges (PAHCE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2011.5871845.
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Mosconi Pereira, Denis César, Yecid Moreno, and Adriano Siqueira. "How an active orthosis interferes with the movement, muscles recruitment and activations during knee flexion-extension." In 27th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2023.cob2023-1514.
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Ferris, Lauren, Linda Denney, and Lorin Maletsky. "A Performance Test to Assess Strategies to Transfer Weight During Knee Flexion and Extension With Rotation for Individuals With a Total Knee Replacement." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80440.
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Stability has been defined as the ability to transfer the vertical projection of the center of gravity to the supporting base and keep the knee as still as possible1. The transfer of weight (load) to a single limb while still in double-stance is functional and simulates every day activities such as loading the dishwasher, transferring laundry, or reaching to pick up an item. Adding rotation in a transverse plane to this weight shift challenges knee stability, especially those with a total knee replacement (TKR). A clinical sign of laxity in mid-flexion indicates a risk for developing symptomatic instability; a common reason for TKR revision2. Laxity is usually measured clinically in a single plane (anterior-posterior) and functionally with added turning maneuvers. Single-leg weight acceptance has been analyzed during athletic activities such as hopping, landing with cutting as well as in the older population with stair ascent and descent3–5. Although single-leg performance tests are a good indicator of knee stability, weight shift during double-stance may be more functional for individuals with a TKR. A functional double-stance test should include both flexion/extension with rotation and loading. Our study utilizes a novel approach (Target Touch Task) in order to facilitate transfer of load to one extremity during squatting or extending while still in double-stance. The objective of this study was to identify strategies utilized by individuals with a TKR while in double-stance transferring load during rotational activities.
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Rivers, Melissa B., and Sundareswara Balakrishna. "NASA Common Research Model Test Envelope Extension with Active Sting Damping at NTF." In 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3135.
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Nicolella, Daniel P., Barron Bichon, W. Loren Francis, and Travis D. Eliason. "Dynamic Modeling of Knee Mechanics." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63940.
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It is widely accepted that the mechanical environment within the knee, or more specifically, increased or altered stresses or strains generated within the cartilage, is a leading cause of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, a significant unfulfilled technological challenge in musculoskeletal biomechanics and OA research has been determining the dynamic mechanical environment of the cartilage (and other components) resulting from routine and non-routine physical movements. There are two methods of investigating musculoskeletal joint mechanics that have been used to date: 1) forward and inverse multibody dynamic simulations of human movement and 2) detailed quasi-static finite element modeling of individual joints. The overwhelming majority of work has been focused on musculoskeletal multibody dynamics modeling. This method, in combination with experimental motion capture and analysis, has been integral to understanding torques, muscle and ligament forces, and reaction forces occurring at the joint during activities such as walking, running, squatting, and jumping as well as providing key insights into musculoskeletal motor control schemes. However, multibody dynamics simulations do not allow for the detailed continuum level analysis of the mechanical environment of the cartilage and other knee joint structures (meniscus, ligaments, and underlying bone) within the knee during physical activities. This is a critical technology gap that is required to understand the relationship between functional or injurious loading of the knee and cartilage degradation. We have developed a detailed neuromuscularly activated dynamic finite element model of the human lower body and have used this model to simultaneously determine the dynamic muscle forces, joint kinematics, contact forces, and detailed (e.g., continuum) stresses and strains within the knee (cartilage, meniscus, ligaments, and bone) during several increasingly complex neuromuscularly controlled and actuated lower limb movements. Motion at each joint is controlled explicitly via deformable cartilage-to-cartilage surface contact at each articular surface (rather than idealized as simple revolute or ball and socket joints). The major muscles activating the lower limb are explicitly modeled with Hill-type active force generating springs using anatomical muscle insertion points and geometric wrapping. Muscle activation dynamics were determined via a constrained optimization scheme to minimize muscle activation energy. Time histories of the mechanical environment of all soft tissues within the knee are determined for a simulated leg extension.