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Journal articles on the topic 'Active Neutral Point Clamped'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Dargahi, Vahid, Mostafa Abarzadeh, Keith A. Corzine, et al. "Fundamental Circuit Topology of Duo-Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped, Duo-Neutral-Point-Clamped, and Duo-Neutral-Point-Piloted Multilevel Converters." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 7, no. 2 (2019): 1224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2018.2859313.

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2

Burguete, Eduardo, Jesus Lopez, and Mikel Zabaleta. "New Five-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 1 (2015): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2334737.

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3

Wang, Kui, Zedong Zheng, Yongdong Li, Kean Liu, and Jing Shang. "Neutral-Point Potential Balancing of a Five-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 5 (2013): 1907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2227898.

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4

Odeh, Charles, Arkadiusz Lewicki, Marcin Morawiec, and Andrzej Jąderko. "Enhanced Four-Level Active Nested Neutral Point-Clamped Inverter." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133213.

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The classical four-level nested neutral point-clamped (4L NNPC) inverter-leg is a hybrid of the flying-capacitor and diode-clamped 4L-inverter-leg configurations. Though uniform reduced voltage stress (1/3 of input voltage) on constituting switches is evident in the 4L NNPC inverter-leg, trails of the drawbacks of the diode-clamping concept still exist. With the significantly rated off-the-shelf IGBT switch modules (6.5 kV, 1200 A), chances of deployment of the newly evolved Four-Level Nested T-Type inverter (4L NTTI) in certain applications is high. Compared with the classical 4L NNPC inverter, 4L NTTI involves a smaller number of power switches and low conduction losses. However, in 4L NTTI, two of the six active switches have a blocking voltage rating of 2/3 of the input voltage. Considering this limiting topological feature in 4L NTTI, a six-switch inverter-leg for the four-level active neutral point-clamped (4L ANNPC) inverter is presented in this paper. In the proposed 4L ANNPC inverter-leg, only one switch has a voltage stress of 2/3 of the input voltage. This ameliorated voltage stress translates to low-cost and -loss inverter implementation. The operational characteristics and competitiveness of the 4L ANNPC inverter are analyzed in detail and demonstrated with a prototype.

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5

Naderi, Roozbeh, Arash Khoshkbar Sadigh, and Keyue Ma Smedley. "Dual Flying Capacitor Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Multilevel Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31, no. 9 (2016): 6476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2501401.

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6

Taallah, Ayoub, and Saad Mekhilef. "Active neutral point clamped converter for equal loss distribution." IET Power Electronics 7, no. 7 (2014): 1859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0373.

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7

Hamed, Hany A., Ehab H. E. Bayoumi, and E. E. EL Kholy. "Fuzzy PLL for three-level neutral point clamped active rectifiers." International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Drives 2, no. 3 (2015): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijied.2015.072801.

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8

Ali, Hassan. "DC voltage balancing for neutral point clamped active PWM converter." International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Drives 2, no. 4 (2015): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijied.2015.076275.

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9

Marchesoni, M., P. Segarich, and E. Soressi. "A New Control Strategy for Neutral-Point-Clamped Active Rectifiers." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 52, no. 2 (2005): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2005.843909.

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10

Ojha, Amit, Pradyumn Chaturvedi, Arvind Mittal, and S. Jain. "Neutral Point Potential Control for Three Phase 3 - level Neutral Point Clamped Active Front End Converter." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 2 (2017): 342–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2017.9.2.10.

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11

Belkhode, Satish, Anshuman Shukla, and Suryanarayana Doolla. "Split-Output Hybrid Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter for MV Applications." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics 2, no. 2 (2021): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestie.2021.3051598.

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12

Shen, Zhan, Mengxing Chen, Huai Wang, Xiongfei Wang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "EMI Filter Robustness in Three-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37, no. 4 (2022): 4641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3124282.

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13

Li, Chushan, Shuai Wang, Qingxin Guan, and David Xu. "Hybrid Modulation Concept for Five-Level Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, no. 12 (2017): 8958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2699948.

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14

Lee, Sze Sing, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Dual-T-Type Seven-Level Boost Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 7 (2019): 6031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2891248.

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15

Li, Yuzhuo, Hao Tian, and Yun Wei Li. "Generalized Phase-Shift PWM for Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Multilevel Converter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 11 (2020): 9048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2956372.

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16

Lee, Sze Sing, Chee Shen Lim, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Novel Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters With Improved Voltage-Boosting Capability." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 6 (2020): 5978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2951382.

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17

Awal, M. A., Md Rashed Hassan Bipu, Oscar Andres Montes, et al. "Capacitor Voltage Balancing for Neutral Point Clamped Dual Active Bridge Converters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 10 (2020): 11267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.2988272.

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18

Lee, Sze Sing. "A Family of 5-Level Boost-Active Neutral-Point-Clamped (5L-BANPC) Inverters with Full DC-Link Voltage Utilization Designed Using Half-Bridges." Energies 17, no. 12 (2024): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17122798.

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Conventional 5-level active neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) topology and state-of-the-art 5-level hybrid active neutral-point-clamped (5L-HANPC) topology are popular for inverter applications. However, their dc-link voltage utilization is limited to only 50%. With the maximum voltage level generated by only half dc-link voltage, these inverters are not capable of boosting voltage in their ac output. To resolve these drawbacks, this paper proposes a family of four novel 5-level boost-active neutral-point-clamped (5L-BANPC) inverters. Without requiring any flying capacitors, the proposed topologies can generate five voltage levels by effectively using the dc-link capacitors. The dc-link voltage utilization of the proposed 5L-BANPC inverters is twice that of the 5L-ANPC and 5L-HANPC topologies. While generating the five-level ac output voltage, natural voltage balancing of both dc-link capacitors and voltage boosting are achieved. Ease of implementation is another noteworthy merit of the proposed 5L-BANPC inverters because they can be implemented using six widely available commercial half-bridge modules without requiring a dedicated circuit design. The operation of the proposed topologies is analyzed. Experimental results are presented for verification.

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19

Sujeeth, Arjun, Angelo Di Cataldo, Luigi Danilo Tornello, et al. "Power Loss Modelling and Performance Comparison of Three-Level GaN-Based Inverters Used for Electric Traction." Energies 17, no. 3 (2024): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17030595.

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The main aim of this work is to present a step-by-step procedure to model and analyze the power loss distribution of three-level Gallium Nitride (GaN) inverters. It has been applied to three distinct three-phase three-level voltage source inverters utilized in electric traction drives: Active Neutral Point Clamped, Neutral Point Clamped and T-Type Neutral Point Clamped. The proposed analytical power loss modelling, combined with an equivalent representation of the electrical machine proved to be a viable solution to achieve a time-saving and low computational burden simulation platform, leading to satisfying accurate results. This has been confirmed by comparing the results carried out from the simulations of a 110 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor drive and those determined by considering a simplified circuital representation based on the proposed analytical power loss modelling.

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20

Lee, Gi-Young, Chul-Min Kim, Jungho Han, and Jong-Soo Kim. "A Control Strategy for Suppressing Zero-Crossing Current of Single-Phase Half-Bridge Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Three-Level Inverter." Electronics 13, no. 19 (2024): 3929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193929.

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Multi-level inverters have characteristics suitable for high-voltage and high-power applications through various topology configurations. These reduce harmonic distortion and improve the quality of the output waveform by generating a multi-level output voltage waveform. In particular, an active neutral-point-clamped topology is one of the multi-level inverters advantageous for high-power and medium-voltage applications. It has the advantage of controlling the output waveform more precisely by actively clamping the neutral point using an active switch and diode. However, it has a problem, which is that an unwanted zero-crossing current may occur if an inaccurate switching signal is applied at the time when the polarity of the output voltage changes. In this paper, a control strategy to suppress the zero-crossing current of a single-phase half-bridge three-level active neutral-point-clamped inverter is proposed. The operating principle of a single-phase half-bridge three-level active neutral-point-clamped inverter is identified through an operation mode analysis. In addition, how the switching signal is reflected in an actual digital signal processor is analyzed to determine the situation in which the zero-crossing current occurs. Through this, a control strategy capable of suppressing zero-crossing current is designed. The proposed method prevents a zero-crossing current by appropriately modifying the update timing of reference voltages at the point where the polarity of the output changes. The validity of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiments. Based on the proposed method, the total harmonic distortion of the output current is significantly reduced from 12.15% to 4.59% in a full-load situation.

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21

Liu, Zhan, Yu Wang, Guojun Tan, Hao Li, and Yunfeng Zhang. "A Novel SVPWM Algorithm for Five-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31, no. 5 (2016): 3859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2462124.

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22

Lee, Sze Sing, Chee Shen Lim, Yam P. Siwakoti, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Hybrid 7-Level Boost Active-Neutral-Point- Clamped (H-7L-BANPC) Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 67, no. 10 (2020): 2044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2946860.

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23

Sathik, M. Jagabar, N. Sandeep, and Frede Blaabjerg. "High Gain Active Neutral Point Clamped Seven-Level Self-Voltage Balancing Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 67, no. 11 (2020): 2567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2955318.

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24

Burguete, Eduardo, Jesus Lopez, and Mikel Zabaleta. "A New Five-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter With Reduced Overvoltages." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63, no. 11 (2016): 7175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2557308.

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25

Guo, Fanxi. "Active Neutral Point Clamped Three-level Synchronous Space Vector Width Modulation Research." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2625, no. 1 (2023): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2625/1/012029.

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Abstract Active neutral point clamped (ANPC) topology is widely studied because it makes loss equalization possible. To reduce the switching frequency of high power traction systems, the multi-mode modulation strategy is used in many modulation methods. To reduce the fluctuation problem when switching between different carrier ratios in multi-mode synchronous space vector pulse width (SSVPWM) modulation algorithm, this paper studies the stator flux under different modes and proposes a multi-mode SSVPWM switching strategy based on the pulse insertion method. In this strategy, the stator flux deviation of two modes before and after the switching point is calculated online and the switch sequence is inserted at the switching time to compensate, and the smooth transition between different modes is realized with experimental verification of validity.

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26

Alepuz, Salvador, Joan Nicolás-Apruzzese, Roya Rafiezadeh, Sergio Busquets-Monge, Mariana Raya, and Àlber Filbà-Martínez. "Active Thermal Control in Neutral-Point-Clamped Multilevel Converters Based on Switching-Cell Arrays." Electronics 12, no. 19 (2023): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194055.

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Neutral-point-clamped multilevel converters are a suitable solution to the implementation of low–medium voltage and power applications at present, thanks to their intrinsic superior voltage and current quality. The conventional configurations of these converters present uneven power loss distribution, causing thermal stress in some power semiconductors, which weakens the power converter reliability. To overcome this, an implementation of the neutral-point-clamped multilevel converter based on a switching-cell array is introduced, adding redundant conduction paths on one side and more options to distribute the switching losses on the other side. An active thermal control is proposed to balance the temperature distribution in the converter. A four-level converter has been implemented to evaluate the proposed solution. The experimental results show that the proposed implementation and active thermal control presents an enhanced temperature distribution in the converter and, therefore, reduced thermal stress and better reliability.

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27

Liu, Yan, Xu Wang, and Yan Xing. "Research on SVPWM Method and its Neutral Point Potential Control." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.39.

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Neutral-point potential unbalance is an inherent problem of Neutral-point-clamped three-level PWM rectifiers. If the problem of neutral point can’t be controlled appropriately, the harm of input current will increase, and even the dc-link capacitor and switches will be destroyed. Thus domestic and foreign experts have done lots of research on the balance control of Neutral-point-clamed and put forward many effective control methods. This paper proposes a novel SVPWM strategy for the three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source inverter, based on the particular disposition of all the redundant voltage vectors. The new modulation approach shows superior performance for the harmonic voltage and the control of neutral-point potential compared to the popular eight-stage centered SVPWM and realizes the balancing control of inverter neutral-point potential by modifying redundant small vectors pairs’ distribution factor accurately, only requiring the information of dc-link capacitor voltages and three-phase load currents, which is convenient to apply and is compatible of digital computer realization. The feasibility of the proposed control approach has been verified via simulation and experiment results. In the strategy of software control, domestic and foreign scholars propose numerous neutral point potential control schemes. When carrier modulation is used, the balance control is achieved by injecting zero-sequence component into the three-phase modulated wave. When space vector modulation methods are adopted, they can be divided into three categories: passive control, hysteresis control and active control. there is also a new algorithm based on the intrinsic relationship between SVPWMs for two—level inverters and three．1evel inverters．a novel SVPWM control algorithm is proposed for three．1evel．The dwell time of voltage vector for three-level inverter can be acquired from counterpart for two-level inverter by using a linear transformation．Aiming to analysis the output PWM sequence of three-level inverter, a novel classification standard of voltage vector is proposed．Based on evaluating the PWM sequences, a novel PWM sequence is given，that can reduce the total harmonics distortion of inverter output.

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28

Chau, Minh Thuyen, Hoai Thuong Nguyen, and Khac Tung Truong. "Integrated compensation model using a three-phase neutral point clamped inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 5074–82. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5074-5082.

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Normally, when research on active compensation models, previous studies only assumed that the source of harmonics is nonlinear load. The nonlinear load here is fixed and balanced, the supply voltage is considered ideal, i.e. the three-phase source is balanced and there is no distortion. However, in reality, the above assumption is difficult to achieve. Therefore, this paper aims to design an integrated compensation model for different types of harmonic sources. The types of harmonic sources considered here include: harmonic sources generated from nonlinear load and source. The requirement of the integrated compensation model is to create a balanced three-phase voltage at the terminal of the load and the supply current must be a sinusoidal wave in phase with the source voltage. In order to reduce the loss caused by the inverter switching, this paper uses a three-level Neutral Point Clamped inverter. The simulation results performed on Psim software have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed integrated compensation model compared to the traditional integrated compensation model in reducing harmonics and stabilizing DC-bus voltage.

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29

Reusser, Carlos A., and Hector Young. "Four-Level Quasi-Nested Inverter Topology for Single-Phase Applications." Electronics 10, no. 3 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030233.

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In this paper, a novel four-level single-phase multilevel converter is introduced, consisting of six active switches arranged in a quasi-nested configuration. The proposed topology synthesizes its output voltage levels with respect to a floating neutral point, using four cascaded capacitors with identical voltage levels. The proposed converter contains a reduced number of components compared to the neutral point clamped (NPC) or active-NPC topologies (ANPC) for the same number of output voltage levels, since it does not require diode or active switch clamping to a neutral point. Moreover, no floating capacitors with asymmetric voltage levels are employed, thereby simplifying the capacitor voltage balancing. The switching operation principles, modulation technique and control scheme for supplying a single-phase resistive-inductive load are addressed in detail. The proposed four-level inverter allows generating an additional output voltage level with the same semiconductor count as conventional three-level inverters such as NPC and ANPC which allows a superior waveform quality, with a THDv reduction of 32.69% in comparison the clamped inverters. Experimental tests carried out in a laboratory-scale setup verify the feasibility of the proposed topology.

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30

Bharathi Sankar, A., and R. Seyezhai. "Development of Active Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverter Fed BLDC Drive Employing FPGA." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (2015): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i4/60468.

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31

Li, Xing Gang, Ren Yong Feng, Hai Zhen Kang, and Zhi Guo Shi. "Simulation of Novel Three-Level Shunt Active Power Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.748.

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A new topology of shunt active power filter with two-leg three-level clamped capacitor in the main circuit is presented, and the operation principle and control scheme are introduced. The adopted device is operated as a controllable current source to eliminate current harmonics. The new hysteretic current comparison control scheme is used to track the command current and to balance the neutral-point voltage. Meanwhile the redundant operating states in the adopted inverter can be selected to compensate the clamped capacitor voltage to achieve the dynamic balance of the capacity voltage. Simulation results show that the shunt active power filter can effectively eliminate harmonics of the nonlinear loads.

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32

Jiang, Weidong, Qingyan Zhang, Ma Mingna, and Xinmei Huang. "Low Frequency Harmonics Reduction Discontinuous PWM Strategy With Active Neutral Point Voltage Control for Neutral Point Clamped Three-Level Inverter." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 179128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026668.

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33

Li, Fei, Na Geng, Guifeng Wang, Chunjie Li, Zhan Liu, and Zhenglong Xia. "Neutral-Point Potential Balance Control Strategy on Three-Level Active Power Filters." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9930767.

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This paper presents a simplified strategy in neutral-point (NP) potential balance of the neutral-point-clamped (NPC) three-level three-wire active power filter (APF). By introducing a simplified carrier-based pulse width modulation (CB-PWM) strategy and analysing the occurrence mechanism of NP potential unbalance, we proposed a NP potential balancing control strategy based on the simplified strategy. With this strategy, the NP current in a sampling period can be calculated through the detection of compensating current of APF. The three phase’s duration time of reference voltage can also be computed through detecting the voltage fluctuation of upper and lower capacitors accurately, according to the law of charge conservation. Experiment results show that this proposed approach with simplified computation can effectively achieve NP potential balance.

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34

Thuyen, Chau Minh, Nguyen Hoai Thuong, and Truong Khac Tung. "Integrated compensation model using a three-phase neutral point clamped inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5074-5082.

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Abstract:

Normally, when research on active compensation models, previous studies only assumed that the source of harmonics is nonlinear load. The nonlinear load here is fixed and balanced, the supply voltage is considered ideal, i.e. the three-phase source is balanced and there is no distortion. However, in reality, the above assumption is difficult to achieve. Therefore, this paper aims to design an integrated compensation model for different types of harmonic sources. The types of harmonic sources considered here include: harmonic sources generated from nonlinear load and source. The requirement of the integrated compensation model is to create a balanced three-phase voltage at the terminal of the load and the supply current must be a sinusoidal wave in phase with the source voltage. In order to reduce the loss caused by the inverter switching, this paper uses a three-level Neutral Point Clamped inverter. The simulation results performed on Psim software have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed integrated compensation model compared to the traditional integrated compensation model in reducing harmonics and stabilizing DC-bus voltage.

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35

Kim, Sang-Hun, Seok-Min Kim, Sungmin Park, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Switch Open-Fault Detection for a Three-Phase Hybrid Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Rectifier." Electronics 9, no. 9 (2020): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091437.

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This paper proposes a fault-detection method for open-switch failures in hybrid active neutral-point-clamped (HANPC) rectifiers. The basic HANPC topology comprises two SiC-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and four Si insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). A three-phase rectifier system using the HANPC topology can produce higher efficiency and lower current harmonics. An open-switch fault in a HANPC rectifier can be a MOSFET or IGBT fault. In this work, faulty cases of six different switches are analyzed based on the current distortion in the stationary reference frame. Open faults in MOSFET switches cause immediate and remarkable current distortions, whereas, open faults in IGBT switches are difficult to detect using conventional methods. To detect an IGBT fault, the proposed detection method utilizes some of the reactive power in a certain period to make an important difference, using the direct-quadrant (dq)-axis current information derived from the three-phase current. Thus, the proposed detection method is based on three-phase current measurements and does not use additional hardware. By analyzing the individual characteristics of each switch failure, the failed switch can be located exactly. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fault-detection method are verified through PSIM simulations and experimental results.

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36

Halabi, Laith M., Ibrahim Mohd Alsofyani, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Open-Circuit Fault Tolerance Method for Three-Level Hybrid Active Neutral Point Clamped Converters." Electronics 9, no. 9 (2020): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091535.

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Three-level converters are the most important technologies used in high power applications. Among these technologies, active neutral point clamped (ANPC) converters are mainly used for industrial applications. Meanwhile, recent developments have reduced losses and increased efficiency by using a hybrid combination of Si-IGBT and SiC-MOSFET switches to achieve hybrid ANPC (HANPC) converters. Open-circuit failure is regarded as a common and serious problem that affects the operational performance. In this paper, an effective fault-tolerant method is proposed for HANPC converters to safely re-utilize normal operation and increase the reliability of the system under fault conditions. Sequentially, regarding different topologies with reference to earlier fault tolerance methods which could not be applied to the HANPC, the proposed strategy enables continuous operation under faulty conditions effectively without using any additional devices by creating new voltage references, voltage offset, and switching sequences under the faulty conditions. Consequently, no additional costs or changes are associated with the inverter. A detailed analysis of the proposed strategy is presented highlighting the effects on the voltage, currents, and the corresponding total harmonic distortion (THD). The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed method to maintain normal operation and eliminate the output distortion.

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37

Oikonomou, Nikolaos, Christof Gutscher, Petros Karamanakos, Frederick D. Kieferndorf, and Tobias Geyer. "Model Predictive Pulse Pattern Control for the Five-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 49, no. 6 (2013): 2583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2263273.

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38

Li, Jin, Jinjun Liu, Dushan Boroyevich, Paolo Mattavelli, and Yaosuo Xue. "Three-level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Zero-Current-Transition Converter for Sustainable Energy Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26, no. 12 (2011): 3680–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2011.2161890.

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39

Jing, Wei, and Ran Ding. "Loss Analysis of Three-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Converter under Fault Tolerance Operation." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.847.

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Compared with traditional three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter, the recently proposed three-level active NPC (ANPC) converter has the ability to overcome the unbalanced loss distribution, and therefore result in increased output power or switching frequency. In industrial applications, fault tolerance ability of power converters is very important considering system availability, safety and reliability. This paper introduced the control schemes to get stable and continuous output under single device fault for both open-circuit and short-circuit fault cases. By analyzing the phase relationship of reference voltage and load current, the loss calculation method under fault tolerant operation was proposed. Calculation results show that the devices junction temperatures under fault tolerant operation are within the safe operation area (SOA) even they are a little bit higher compared to normal operation, which also confirm the effectiveness of the fault tolerant control schemes.

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40

Liu, Dong, Fujin Deng, and Zhe Chen. "Five-Level Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped DC/DC Converter for Medium-Voltage DC Grids." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, no. 5 (2017): 3402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2016.2585618.

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41

Wang, Hongliang, Lei Kou, Yan-Fei Liu, and Paresh C. Sen. "A New Six-Switch Five-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Inverter for PV Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, no. 9 (2017): 6700–6715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2016.2623568.

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42

Katebi, Ramin, Jiangbiao He, and Nathan Weise. "An Advanced Three-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter With Improved Fault-Tolerant Capabilities." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 8 (2018): 6897–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2759760.

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Jagabar Sathik, M., N. Sandeep, Dhafer Almakhles, Kaustubh Bhatnagar, Yongheng Yang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Seven‐level boosting active neutral point clamped inverter using cross‐connected switched capacitor cells." IET Power Electronics 13, no. 9 (2020): 1919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0107.

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Kumar, S. Krishna, and S. Chandramohan. "Repetitive Controller Based Active Neutral Point Clamped DSTATCOM for Compensating Unbalanced Non Linear Loads." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 1 (2016): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.4855.

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Pulikanti, Sridhar R., Georgios Konstantinou, and Vassilios G. Agelidis. "Hybrid Seven-Level Cascaded Active Neutral-Point-Clamped-Based Multilevel Converter Under SHE-PWM." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 11 (2013): 4794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2218551.

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46

Belkhode, Satish, Anshuman Shukla, and Suryanarayana Doolla. "Enhanced Hybrid Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter With Optimized Loss Distribution-Based Modulation Scheme." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 3 (2021): 3600–3612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3018434.

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47

Zhou, Jinghua, and Jin Li. "Waveform Optimization Control of an Active Neutral Point Clamped Three-Level Power Converter System." Electronics 13, no. 10 (2024): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101980.

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Abstract:

Currently, the escalating integration of renewable energy sources is causing a steady weakening of grid strength. When grid strength is weak, interactions between inverters or those between inverters and grid line impedance can provoke widespread oscillations in the power system. Additionally, the diverse DC voltage application characteristics of power converter systems (PCS) may lead to over-modulation, generating narrow pulse issues that further impact control of the midpoint potential balance. Existing dead-time elimination methods are highly susceptible to current polarity judgments, rendering them ineffective in practical use. PCS, due to inherent dead-time effects, midpoint potential imbalances in three-level topologies, and narrow pulses, can elevate low-order harmonic content in the output voltage, ultimately distorting grid-connected currents. This is particularly susceptible to causing resonance in weak grids. To enhance the output voltage waveform of PCS, this article introduces a comprehensive compensation control strategy that combines dead-time elimination, midpoint potential balance, and narrow pulse suppression, all based on an active neutral point clamped (ANPC) three-level topology. This strategy gives precedence to dead-time elimination and calculates the upper and lower limits of the zero-sequence available for midpoint potential balance while fully compensating for narrow pulses. By prioritizing dead-time elimination, followed by narrow pulse suppression and finally midpoint potential balance, this method decouples the coupling between these three factors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through semi-physical simulations.

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Weidong, Jiang, Lei Wang, Jinping Wang, Xuewei Zhang, and Peixia Wang. "A Carrier-Based Virtual Space Vector Modulation With Active Neutral-Point Voltage Control for a Neutral-Point-Clamped Three-Level Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65, no. 11 (2018): 8687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2808926.

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Zhang, Maosong, Ying Cui, Qunjing Wang, et al. "A Study on Neutral-Point Potential in Three-Level NPC Converters." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173367.

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Abstract:

This paper proposes an accurate mathematical model of three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters that can accurately represent the midpoint potential drift of the DC link with parameter perturbation. The mathematical relationships between the fluctuation in neutral-point voltage, the parametric perturbation, and the capacitance error are obtained as mathematical expressions in this model. The expressions can be used to quantitatively analyze the reason for the neutral-point voltage imbalance and balancing effect based on a zero-sequence voltage injection. The injected zero-sequence voltage, which can be used to balance the DC-side voltages with the combined action of active current, can be easily obtained from the proposed model. A balancing control under four-quadrant operation modes is proposed by considering the active current to verify the effectiveness of this model. Both the simulation and experiment results validate the excellent performance of the proposed model compared to the conventional model.

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AbolqasemiKharanaq, Fatemeh, Amirreza Poorfakhraei, Ali Emadi, and Berker Bilgin. "An Improved Carrier-Based PWM Strategy with Reduced Common-Mode Voltage for a Three-Level NPC Inverter." Electronics 12, no. 5 (2023): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051072.

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Abstract:

Double modulation wave carrier-based pulse width modulation (CBPWM) is a solution for eliminating the deviations of the neutral-point voltage (NPV) in three-level neutral-point clamped inverters. In this paper, a new hybrid CBPWM strategy is proposed that not only eliminates the neutral-point voltage oscillations but also reduces the common-mode voltage (CMV) by half. Furthermore, the harmonic content is also reduced compared with the available reduced CMV modulation by adjusting the modulation waves based on the location of the reference vector in the space vector diagram. An active neutral-point voltage controller is also realized in order to maintain the performance of the modulation strategy under the NPV perturbations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to the available CBPWM-based techniques in the literature. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified by experimental results.

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