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Wu, Xunxun. "Design of Passive UHF RFID Tag Antennas and Industry Application." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Institutionen för teknik och byggd miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8052.
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Nowadays, there is a growing demand for reliable assets security and management in various industries. The company SolarWave is eager to implement a comprehensive security system to produce active protection for their expensive product: solar panels. This security system is not only including assets tracking, monitoring but also combined with a control system, which is used to binary control a switch of solar panel to be on in presence of the correct ID and off in absence of the correct ID. One of the technologies that made this concept viable is known as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The thesis project is a sub-project in the development project whose content is mentioned as above. It contains two main parts. One is the system solution for the company. The other is RFID tag design which is in parallel with the company solution in order to reach a scientific level of a master thesis. In this thesis, I systematically analyze the operating mechanism and characteristics of RFID, and propose both active and passive RFID solutions for the company. And I also suggest an alternative radio technology ZigBee which can be used instead or as a complement to RFID. Meanwhile, I propose two designs of RFID tag according to the specification of the solar panel. One is modified meandering antenna. This kind of antenna is very effective and popular in RFID tag design in order to minimize the size of antenna. The other is inductively coupled loop antenna. It is a very useful method for conjugate matching in RFID tag antenna. The required input resistance and reactance can be achieved separately by choosing appropriate geometry parameters. It makes the antenna easier to match to the tag chips. Both the RFID antenna designs are simulated on Ansoft HFSS 12.
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Baloch, Fariha. "Tag anti-collision algorithms for active and passive RFID networks with foresight." Diss., Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10931.
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In the world where initiatives to automate jobs are becoming a norm, it is no surprise that the interest in radio frequency identification (RFID) networks has grown exponentially. With RFID technology, organizations around the world can reduce their workforce and grow their businesses. However, this technology is not yet at a maturity point. For example, in order for a cart full of groceries to go through an unmanned checkout lane, it is crucial that all of the tagged items are read and processed with 100% reliability. Also, the time to process items needs to be fast enough so that customers can pay and be on their way as quickly as possible. In order to achieve speed and reliability, many transmission control protocols have been devised. The most popular protocol with passive RFID equipment manufacturers is Electronic Product Code global (EPCglobal(R)) Class 1 Generation 2, or simply EPC C1G2. Transmission control in the EPC C1G2 protocol is achieved with framed slotted ALOHA (FSA), where tags pick a random slot from choices given by the reader, and when their turn comes, they backscatter their information to the reader. FSA produces three kinds of slots: empty, collided, and successful. Empty and collided slots are categorized under unsuccessful slots, and the time spent on these is considered as wasted time. Several research studies in the past have focused on reducing the occurrence of unsuccessful slots by using new and innovative methods and increasing RFID network throughput. The motivation of this research, however, is to reduce the overall time of reading tags in a passive and active RFID network by minimizing the time spent on unsuccessful slots. This research builds upon methods used in previous research, and proposes three new methods for passive RFID systems and one new method for active RFID systems in order to diminish wasted time on unsuccessful slots.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-- Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Cremer, Markus. "Digital beamforming techniques for passive UHF RFID tag localization." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1819/.
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Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is on the way to substitute traditional bar codes in many fields of application. Especially the availability of passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID transponders (or tags) in the frequency band between 860 MHz and 960 MHz has fostered the global application in supply chain management. However, the full potential of these systems will only be exploited if the identification of objects is complemented by accurate and robust localization. Passive UHF RFID tags are cost-effective, very small, extremely lightweight, maintenancefree, rugged and can be produced as adhesive labels that can be attached to almost any object. Worldwide standards and frequency regulations have been established and a wide infrastructure of identification systems is operated today. However, the passive nature of the technology requires a simple communication protocol which results in two major limitations with respect to its use for localization purposes: the small signal bandwidth and the small allocated frequency bandwidth. In the presence of multipath reflections, these limitations reduce the achievable localization accuracy and reliability. Thus, new methods have to be found to realize passive UHF RFID localization systems which provide sufficient performance in typical multipath situations. In this thesis, an enhanced transmission channel model for passive UHF RFID localization systems has been proposed which allows an accurate estimation of the channel behaviour to multipath. It has been used to design a novel simulation environment and to identify three solutions to minimize multipath interference: a) by varying the channel interface parameters, b) by applying diversity techniques, c) by installation of UHF absorbers. Based on the enhanced channel model, a new method for tag readability prediction with high reliability has been introduced. Furthermore, a novel way to rate the magnitude of multipath interference has been proposed. A digital receiver beamforming localization method has been presented which uses the Root MUSIC algorithm for angulation of a target tag and multipath reducing techniques for an optimum localization performance. A new multiangulation algorithm has been proposed to enable the application of diversity techniques. A novel transmitter beamforming localization approach has been presented which exploits the precisely defined response threshold of passive tags in order to achieve high robustness against multipath. The basic technique has been improved significantly with respect to angular accuracy and processing times. Novel experimental testbeds for receiver and transmitter beamforming have been designed, built and used for verification of the localization performance in real-world measurements. All the improvements achieved contribute to an enhancement of the accuracy and especially the robustness of passive UHF RFID localization systems in multipath environments which is the main focus of this research.
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Contractor, Bhavik. "Two Dimensional Localization of Passive UHF RFID Tags." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229465514.
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Bhattacharyya, Rahul. "Low-Cost, Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensors for Pervasive Sensing Applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73791.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-170).<br>In the future, large-scale sensor deployment would enable many areas such as infrastructure condition monitoring and supply chain management. However, many of today's wireless sensor technologies are still too expensive to meet this need. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) offers good potential for the development of pervasive sensors: RFID tags have a proven track record of large-scale, highly integrated deployment for object identification in the retail and consumer goods industry. Furthermore, the last decade has seen much progress in making RFID a reliable, standardized wireless communication medium with the ability to mass produce low-cost RFID tags. My thesis introduces the concept of RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensing (RFID TABS). In this approach, a change in the sensed parameter of interest induces a controlled change in the geometry or boundary conditions of an RFID tag's antenna. The resultant change in the tag's response signal can then be detected by an RFID reader. My approach builds upon current developments in RFID technology. For instance, the manufacturing techniques for the mass production of low-cost RFID tags can be used for pervasive tag-sensor development. My thesis examines TABS in a two-pronged approach: First, I demonstrate how three fundamental tag and reader signal properties can be used for sensing and propose three classes of TABS: -- Amplitude Modifying (AM) TABS use RFID reader transmitted power and tag response power for sensing. I illustrate proof of concept using a displacement sensor. I demonstrate that both these power metrics can be used to reliably measure structural displacement to a precision of 2.5 mm using commercial RFID tags. -- Frequency Modifying (FM) TABS relate changes in the sensed parameter to a shift in the tag's optimal operating frequency - the carrier frequency for which the tag is best tuned to respond to the reader. I demonstrate proof of concept using a temperature threshold sensor - the crossing of a design temperature threshold results in a shift in the sensor's optimal operating frequency. I demonstrate that the sensor works reliably over a 3 m read range and in different environmental conditions. -- Phase Modifying (PM) TABS use tag backscatter phase for sensing. I provide a brief summary of the factors influencing RF phase and outline the design for a PM TABS fluid level sensor that uses RFID tag response phase to detect the presence or absence of fluid in a beverage glass. I highlight the challenges in the practical implementation of this approach by demonstrating the sensitivity of RFID tag phase to three extraneous factors. Second, I introduce the concept of Non-Electric Memory to record short timescale threshold crossovers in the sensed parameter that may occur when the tag-sensor is unpowered. When information about, rather than the exact time of, the threshold occurrence is sufficient, non-electric memory provides a solution. I demonstrate how non-electric memory can be integrated into sensor design at minimal added cost. In the proof of concept of a temperature threshold sensor, I design a thermally actuated shape memory polymer switch to permanently change the electrical properties of an RFID tag when the temperature threshold is crossed. I demonstrate that the design works reliably over a read range of 3 m and is independent of the material on which the sensor is deployed. In summary, this thesis demonstrates how an RFID tag can be adapted for low cost, pervasive sensing. Sensor prototypes illustrate proof of concept in three application areas. Extensions to two other applications are also discussed.<br>by Rahul Bhattacharyya.<br>Ph.D.
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Kamineni, Neelima. "A Study of Anti-collision Multi-tag Identification Algorithms for Passive RFID Systems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28439/.
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The major advantages of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology over barcodes are that the RFID-tagged objects do not require to be in line-of-sight with the reader for their identification and multiple objects can be read simultaneously. But when multiple objects are read simultaneously there is always a problem of collision which reduces the efficiency of the system. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of the dynamic framed slotted ALOHA (DFSA)-based anti-collision multi-tag identification algorithms for passive RFID system. Performance of various DFSA algorithms is compared through extensive simulation results. In addition, a number of simple performance improvement techniques have also been investigated in this thesis, including improved estimation techniques for the number of tags in each read cycle and a low-complexity heuristic stopping criterion that can be easily implemented in the practical system.
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Shao, Shuai. "Design and Optimization of Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Mounting on or inside Material Layers." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1435758466.
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Jonsson, Markus. "RFID : Investigation of selectivity, comparison between active and passive transponders." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177258.
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This is a report where an approach to use a patch antenna as the transmit device when sending radio waves in a RFID system has been investigated. The project is successful in the sense that the antenna is working as imagined, the antenna parameters may however not be satisfactory. The antenna read range may be a little to insufficient when the RFID tags are worn by humans which is one of the underlying requirement for the system this antenna was design for. Tags which are rotated from a vertical alignment also reduce the effectiveness of the antenna even more to a point which is not acceptable. Suggestions for how to further improve the antenna are given and addresses the issues mentioned above. The report first contains a brief introduction to antennas in general and also information about patch antennas specifically as that was the antenna chosen to be constructed and tested for this system as it theoretically seemed very fitting. A working antenna was constructed and tested in a real environment together with simulations of the antenna to further examine it. The finished antenna is evaluated with possible advantages and drawbacks being discussed together with mentioning how then antenna could be improved for better performance.
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Gao, Bo. "Passive UHF RFID tag using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) material for metallic objects tracking /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202007%20GAO.
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Olayanju, Iyeyinka Damilola, and Olabode Paul Ojelabi. "Using Multilateration and Extended Kalman Filter for Localization of RFID Passive Tag in NLOS." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1119.
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The use of ubiquitous network has made real time tracking of objects, animals and human beings easy through the use of radio frequency identification system (RFID). Localization techniques in RFID rely on accurate estimation of the read range between the reader and the tags. The tags consist of a small chip and a printed antenna which receives from and transmits information to the reader. The range information about the distance between the tag and the reader is obtained from the received signal strength indication (RSSI). Accuracy of the read range using RSSI can be very complicated especially in complicated propagation environment due to the nature and features of the environment. There are different kinds of localisation systems and they are Global Positioning System (GPS) which can be used for accurate outdoor localization; while technologies like artificial vision, ultrasonic signals, infrared and radio frequency signals can be employed for indoor localization. This project focuses on the location estimation in RFID Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environment using Real Time Localization System (RTLS) with passive tags, in carrying out passengers and baggage tracking at the airport. Indoor location radio sensing suffers from reflection, refraction and diffractions due to the nature of the environment. This unfavourable phenomenon called multipath leads to delay in the arrival of signal and the strength of signal received by receiving antenna within the propagation channel which in turns affects the RSSI, yielding inaccurate location estimation. RTLS based on time difference of arrival and error compensation technique and extended Kalman filter technique were employed in a NLOS environment to determine the location of tag. The better method for location estimation in a NLOS between the Kalman filtering and extended Kalman filtering is investigated. According to simulation results, the extended Kalman filtering technique is more suitable to be applied to RTLS.
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Dong, Haobo (Haobo Jack). "Passive EPC Class 1 Gen 2 UHF RFID sensor tag For health monitoring applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66026.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-102).<br>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and degenerative condition that affects millions of Americans. Current approach of PD evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment is mainly qualitative using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) or the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Assessment of the efficacy of the drugs used is difficult and subjective. A long-term monitoring device that can collect movement data in assisting quantitative analysis proves to be useful and needed. This thesis discusses a discrete prototype of a passive EPC Class 1 Gen 2 UHF RFID sensor tag which is a preliminary step in realizing such a monitoring device. The prototype is capable of collecting 8-bit sensor (temperature, inertial, etc) data and transmits it in real-time through a RFID backscatter link to an UHF reader. It is shown that the device can achieve a read distance up to 3 meters at 5 reads/s and a max data rate of about 640 Kbps.<br>by Haobo (Jack) Dong.<br>S.M.
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Hussain, Assad, and Hafeez Muhammad Kazim. "Implementation Study of IEEE 802 : 15.4." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-285.
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<p>This thesis is analysis-based survey in which our task was to find out the suitability of </p><p>IEEE 802.15.4 for the RFID systems in terms of power. We studied the different RFID </p><p>systems. We analyzed the IEEE 802.15.4 to see how much this protocol can facilitate the </p><p>RFID application, but we just considered the 2.4 GHz physical band as Free2move uses </p><p>this band for its RFID products. Since semi-passive1 RFIDs are the closest competitors </p><p>of the active RFID, so we also compared the IEEE 802.15.4 with ISO 18000-4 (mode2) </p><p>to find out their pros and cons. </p><p>We also tried to evaluate the hardware architecture proposed by Free2move. We </p><p>compared proposed hardware components with other competitors available in the market. </p><p>The main point of focus during hardware evaluation remained its power efficiency. As </p><p>concluding part we have proposed an idea for using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in semi- </p><p>passive RFIDs.</p>
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Ferdous, Arundhoti. "Comparative Analysis of Tag Estimation Algorithms on RFID EPC Gen-2 Performance." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6837.
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In a passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) system the reader communicates with the tags using the EPC Global UHF Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC Gen-2) protocol with dynamic framed slotted ALOHA. Due to the unique challenges presented by a low-power, random link, the channel efficiency of even the most modern passive RFID system is less than 40%. Hence, a variety of methods have been proposed to estimate the number of tags in the environment and set the optimal frame size. Some of the algorithms in the literature even claim system efficiency beyond 90%. However, these algorithms require fundamental changes to the underlying protocol framework which makes them ineligible to be used with the current hardware running on the EPC Gen-2 platform and this infrastructure change of the existing industry will cost billions of dollars. Though numerous types of tag estimation algorithms have been proposed in the literature, none had their performance analyzed thoroughly when incorporated with the industry standard EPC Gen-2. In this study, we focus on some of the algorithms which can be utilized on today’s current hardware with minimal modifications. EPC Gen-2 already provides a dynamic platform in adjusting frame sizes based on subsequent knowledge of collision slots in a given frame. We choose some of the popular probabilistic tag estimation algorithms in the literature such as Dynamic Frame Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) – I, and DFSA – II, and rule based algorithms such as two conditional tag estimation (2CTE) method and incorporate them with EPC Gen-2 using different strategies to see if they can significantly improve channel efficiency and dynamicity. The results from each algorithm are also evaluated and compared with the performance of pure EPC Gen-2. It is important to note that while integrating these algorithms with EPC Gen-2 to modify the frame size, the protocol is not altered in any substantial way. We also kept the maximum system efficiency for any MAC layer protocol using DFSA as the upper bound to have an impartial comparison between the algorithms. Finally, we present a novel and comprehensive analysis of the probabilistic tag estimation algorithms (DFSA-I & DFSA-II) in terms of their statistically significant correlations between channel efficiency, algorithm estimation accuracy and algorithm utilization rate as the existing literature only look at channel efficiency with no auxiliary analysis. In this study, we use a scalable and flexible simulation framework and created a light-weight, verifiable Gen-2 simulation tool to measure these performance parameters as it is very difficult, if not impossible, to calculate system performance analytically. This framework can easily be used to test and compare more algorithms in the literature with Gen-2 and other DFSA based approaches.
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Modaresi, Mahyar. "System and Method for Passive Radiative RFID Tag Positioning in Realtime for both Elevation and Azimuth Directions." Thesis, KTH, Communication Systems, CoS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24562.
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<p>In this thesis, design and realization of a system which enables precise positioning of RFID tags in both azimuth and elevation angles is explained. The positioning is based on measuring the phase difference between four Yagi antennas placed in two arrays. One array is placed in the azimuth plane and the other array is perpendicular to the first array in the elevation plane. The phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the azimuth array is used to find the position of RFID tag in the horizontal direction. For the position in the vertical direction, the phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the elevation plane is used. After that the position of tag in horizontal and vertical directions is used to control the mouse cursor in the horizontal and vertical directions on the computer screen. In this way by attaching one RFID tag to a plastic rod, a wireless pen is implemented which enables drawing in the air by using a program like Paint in Windows. Simulated results show that the resolution of the tag positioning in the system is in the order of 3mm in a distance equal to 0.5 meter in front of the array with few number of averaging over the received phase data. Using the system in practice reveals that it is easily possible to write and draw with this RFID pen. In addition it is argued how the system is totally immune to any counterfeit attempt for faked drawings by randomly changing the transmitting antenna in the array. This will make the system a novel option for human identity verification.</p><br>QC 20100920
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Nguyen, Van Hieu. "Antennes implantées et système de localisation pour petits animaux utilisant la technologie RFID." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4234.
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Le suivi des petits animaux utilisés dans le cadre de tests de laboratoire et l'analyse de leur comportement à distance, à faible coût et en temps réel suscitent depuis longtemps l’intérêt des chercheurs. Ceux-ci peuvent se faire par l’implantation de capteurs sans fils miniatures qui nécessitent des composants vitaux dont le plus problématique est l’antenne. En effet, la principale difficulté dans la conception d'antennes pour les dispositifs de communication bio-implantables est de fournir une structure rayonnante efficace et ce, malgré les contraintes de volume et le fort impact des tissus biologiques qui l’entourent. Si de nombreuses études ont porté sur l’utilisation d'antennes implantées dans la bande MICS (Medical Implant Communications Service) (402-405 MHz), il faut noter qu’à ces fréquences, la taille des antennes peut être un inconvénient réel dans le cas de petits animaux, d’où une recherche de miniaturisation. Une alternative consiste en l’utilisation de la technologie RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) dans la bande UHF à 868 MHz. En effet, elle présente deux avantages primordiaux : elle facilite l'implantation du tag et ne nécessite pas l’ajout d'une batterie pour alimenter le périphérique implanté. Ce travail de thèse fait suite à un projet collaboratif financé par l’ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) dans le cadre du Labex UCN@Sophia et qui a pour objectif la conception d’un système sans fils incluant aussi bien les tags RFID implantables, les antennes du lecteur et le lecteur connecté à un ordinateur se chargeant de la gestion centralisée des informations sur un serveur pour le suivi et la collecte de données de souris de laboratoire. Ce mémoire présente la conception d’antennes implantées pour tags RFID dans un modèle homogène représentant le corps d’une souris. Après l’analyse d’un bilan de liaison permettant de calculer les performances minimales de l’antenne implantée à concevoir pour une communication fiable et efficace, des antennes tags RFID passifs en 2D et en 3D ont été optimisées par différentes techniques pour atteindre des structures finales implantables ou injectables au dos d’une souris. Une caractérisation des solutions proposées en termes d’impédance, de champs E et H et de DAS (Débit d'Absorption Spécifique) a ensuite été effectuée dans un fantôme homogène. Enfin, un système d’interrogation permettant d’estimer la position de l’animal via la récupération du RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) est présenté<br>The monitoring of small animals in laboratory tests and the remote analysis of their behavior, with low cost and in real time interest researchers for a long time. This can be done by implanting miniature wireless sensors requiring vital components among which the most challenging is the antenna. Indeed, the main difficulty in designing antennas for bio-implantable communication devices is to provide an effective radiating structure, despite the volume constraints and the high impact of the surrounding biological tissues. Although many studies have focused on the use of implanted antennas dedicated to the MICS band (402405 MHz), it should be noted that at these frequencies, the size of the antennas can be a real disadvantage in the case of small animals, requiring miniaturization structures. Another solution consists in the using RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology in the UHF band at 868 MHz. Indeed, it has two major advantages: it facilitates the implementation of the tag and does not require the addition of a battery to power the implanted device. This thesis funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency) within the framework of the Labex UCN@Sophia aims at designing a wireless system, including implantable RFID tags, reader's antennas and the reader connected to a computer that is responsible for the centralized management of information on a server for monitoring and collecting the data of laboratory mice. This thesis presents the design of implanted antennas for RFID tags in a homogeneous model representing the body of a mouse. After an analysis of a link budget allowing to determine the minimum performance of the implanted antenna to be designed for a reliable and an efficient communication, two RFID passive tag antenna designs have been optimized to obtain final structures able to be implanted or injected in the back of a mouse. A characterization of the proposed solutions in terms of impedance, E and H fields and SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) was then performed in a homogeneous phantom. Finally, an interrogation system capable to estimate the position of several animals placed in a cage thanks to the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) levels is presented
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Nguyen, Dat Son. "Développement des capteurs sans fil basés sur les tags RFID uhf passifs pour la détection de la qualité des aliments." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951402.
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Le but de cette thèse est de développer des capteurs sur la base des tags RFID, des technologies et matériaux disponibles au Vietnam afin de contribuer à résoudre la problématique du contrôle de la qualité des produits alimentaires. En effet la technologie RFID s'est affirmée en importance pour ses applications dans de nombreux domaines. Dans ce contexte, l'identification des produits alimentaires expirés, sans les endommager, est une orientation de recherche très prometteuse. Un tag RFID UHF passif peut aussi être composé de plusieurs puces et plusieurs antennes, chaque couple puce/antenne conçu pour travailler sur un intervalle déterminé de valeur de permittivité. Donc, à partir de l'ensemble des permittivités définies pour chaque couple puce/antenne et les signaux réfléchis vers le lecteur, nous pourrons "mesurer" la permittivité de l'objet tracé. Ainsi la connaissance de la permittivité des aliments et la conception spécifique de l'antenne, nous développerons un tag capteur de type "multi puce/antenne" qui sera utilisé comme un capteur sans fil pour la détection de la qualité des aliments
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Alkadi, Alaa. "Anomaly Detection in RFID Networks." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/768.
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Available security standards for RFID networks (e.g. ISO/IEC 29167) are designed to secure individual tag-reader sessions and do not protect against active attacks that could also compromise the system as a whole (e.g. tag cloning or replay attacks). Proper traffic characterization models of the communication within an RFID network can lead to better understanding of operation under “normal” system state conditions and can consequently help identify security breaches not addressed by current standards. This study of RFID traffic characterization considers two piecewise-constant data smoothing techniques, namely Bayesian blocks and Knuth’s algorithms, over time-tagged events and compares them in the context of rate-based anomaly detection.
This was accomplished using data from experimental RFID readings and comparing (1) the event counts versus time if using the smoothed curves versus empirical histograms of the raw data and (2) the threshold-dependent alert-rates based on inter-arrival times obtained if using the smoothed curves versus that of the raw data itself. Results indicate that both algorithms adequately model RFID traffic in which inter-event time statistics are stationary but that Bayesian blocks become superior for traffic in which such statistics experience abrupt changes.
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Jebbawi, Khodor. "Etude et réalisation d'un système embarqué UHF appliqué à la récupération de statistiques chez le sportif amateur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200917_JEBBAWI_711xpp867owr742fklcav366xhj_TH.pdf.
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Cette thèse a été financée par l'ANRT, elle a pour objectif de concevoir et réaliser des antennes spécifiques pour des objets connectés. Plus précisément, l'application finale est dédiée au domaine sportif, afin de récolter les statistiques d’un footballeur amateur grâce à un ballon connecté et une chevillère connectée. Le coeur technologique de ce dispositif est basé sur la RFID. L'architecture du système comporte : une antenne lecteur placée sur le pied du joueur capable de communiquer avec des étiquettes insérées dans le ballon. A la fin du match, les statistiques récoltées par les capteurs sont envoyées par la liaison BLE pour les afficher sur un totem. Deux objectifs principaux sont visés dans ces travaux de thèse : le premier aborde la conception d'antennes large bande et multistandards pour lecteurs, capable de minimiser l'influence du corps humain sans sacrifier la portée, le second objectif est la conception d'antennes résistantes aux chocs mécaniques pour les étiquettes<br>This thesis was funded by the ANRT. The main goal is to design a specific antennas for connected objects. The final application is dedicated for the sport, in order to collect the performance of an amateur football player by using a connected ball and a connected strap. This device is based on the passive RFID. The system is composite of: a wearable antenna placed on the ankle, able to communicate with RFID tags inserted inside the ball. At the end of the match, the statistics collected by the sensors are sent by using BLE connection to a totem in order to display them. Two main objectives are targeted in this thesis: the first one is designing a broadband and multistandard antennas for readers, able to minimize the influence of the human body without sacrificing reading distance, the second objective is designing a resistant antennas for RFID tags
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Andia, Vera Gianfranco. "Analyse et exploitation des non linéarités dans les systèmes RFID UHF passifs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT052/document.
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Avec l'explosion de l'Internet des Objets (IoT), de nouveaux dispositifs permettant de tagguer les objets sont nécessaires afin de permettre non seulement leur identification mais aussi d'assurer des communications fiables et de nouvelles fonctionnalités comme la détection, la localisation ou la capture d'informations. Cette tendance s'appuie sur la technologie bien établie qu'est la radiofréquence par identification (RFID) et donc l'utilisation d'étiquettes (ou tags) faibles coûts et télé-alimentés. Dans ce contexte, de nombreux travaux au niveau de la couche d'application se tournent vers la mise au point de traitements logiciels complémentaires visant à produire de nouveaux types d'information. D'autres travaux visent à améliorer la couche physique avec l'objectif de miniaturiser encore le tag mais aussi de le doter de nouvelles capacités. Jusqu'à présent, il n'existe quasiment pas de travaux concernant la transmission du signal et aucun sur l'exploitation du comportement non-linéaire des puces RFID. Cette thèse vise à étudier les phénomènes non-linéaires produits lors d'une communication RFID.Dans la première partie, deux plateformes de mesure et de caractérisation spécifiques ont été développées : la première vise à observer les signaux au cours d'une communication RFID, et alors caractériser et analyser les effets liés aux phénomènes non linéaires ; la seconde permet d'effectuer différentes mesures directement sur les puces et les caractériser en termes d'impédance, production d'harmoniques et sensibilité. Ces plateformes ont permis : 1) de mettre en évidence que les fréquences harmoniques sont porteuses d'informations qui peuvent être exploitées et même offrir de nouvelles fonctionnalités ; 2) d'obtenir de nombreuses informations sur les propriétés des puces et d'en établir un modèle électrique précis ; 3) de déterminer des critères permettant d'évaluer la performance des tags dans le contexte étudié.Dans la deuxième partie, plusieurs nouveaux tags RFID ont été conçus, fabriqués, mesurés et évalués. Ces nouveaux tags fonctionnent non seulement dans la bande UHF mais aussi sont adaptés à la troisième harmonique dans la bande des microondes. Une méthodologie et des lignes directives d'aide à la conception de ce type de tags ont été établies et s'appuient sur les deux plateformes développées afin de caractériser les différents éléments. Dans un même temps, les effets liés à la fabrication ont aussi été étudiés et des études paramétriques ont permis de mettre en évidence l'effet sur les performances de la géométrie de l'antenne et du type de puce utilisée.Dans une troisième partie, les études se sont focalisées à exploiter les effets non-linéaires des dispositifs de redressement. L'idée générale est de coupler la RFID passive avec les dispositifs de transferts de puissance et de récupération d'énergie avec pour objectifs 1) de maximiser l'efficacité de conversion RF – continu 2) et d'augmenter la distance de lecture des tags passifs. Plusieurs prototypes ont été réalisés et leurs performances ont été démontrées.L'ensemble de ces travaux a mis en évidence un nouveau concept de communication RFID exploitant les non-linéarités générées par les puces RFID. Ce concept ouvre la voie à de nouvelles applications. et a fait l'objet d'une demande de brevet international<br>Powered by the exploding popularity of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the demand for tagged devices with labels capable to ensure a reliable communication with added functions beyond the identification, such as sensing, location, health-care, among others, is growing rapidly. Certainly this growing is headed by the well-established Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, and the use of wireless low-cost self-powered tags, in other words passive RFID tags, is the most widespread used alternative. In the constant evolution on this field, usually new software treatments are offered at the application layer with the objective to processing data to produce some new information. Further works aimed at improving the physical layer around the tag antenna miniaturization and matching techniques. So far, little or no work had been done on the exploitation of the communication channel, and certainly none has been done on the exploitation of the non-linear behavior of RFID chips.After presenting the RFID technology and phenomena produced by Radio Frequency (RF) non-linear devices, and leaning in some nearby works on the field, the core of this thesis starts by exposing two characterization platforms for the evaluation of non-linear phenomena presented during the reader-tag communication. One is specialized in radiating measurements considering the whole tag (antenna and chip) under test. The other is specialized in conducted measurements directly over RFID chips, allowing performing different parametric studies (power dependency, impedance, harmonic production, sensitivity). The characterization results show that harmonic signals generated from the passive RFID chip carry information.By exploiting the characterization results and to verify the hypothesis of exploitation of non-linearities in RFID, i.e. the use of harmonic signals, the research is pursued by designing, fabricating, and measuring four different configurations of RFID tags. The new RFID tags operate at the fundamental frequency in the UHF band and at its $3^{rd}$ harmonic in the microwave band. Antenna design policies, fabrication details, and parametric studies on the performance of the new prototypes are presented. The parametric study takes special care in the antenna structure, kind of chip used, received power, and read range.Finally, some alternatives approaches for the exploitation of non-linear effects generated by rectifying devices are presented. Some theoretical aspects and experimental results are discussed linking the passive RFID technology to the theories of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting (EEH). The solution takes advantage of the non-linear nature of rectifying elements in order to maximize the RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of EEH devices and increase the read range of passive RFID tags. The solution triggers on the design of a RF multi-device system. The design procedure and tests consider three non-linear phenomena: (1) the impedance power dependency, (2) the harmonic production, and (3) the rectifying dependence on the RF waveform
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Contino, Sergio. "Development of Software Tools for the Test of Ultra Wide Band Receivers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4327/.
Full textAbstract:
In the last years, the importance of locating people and objects and communicating with them in real time has become a common occurrence in every day life.
Nowadays, the state of the art of location systems for indoor environments has not a dominant technology as instead occurs in location systems for outdoor environments, where GPS is the dominant technology.
In fact, each location technology for indoor environments presents a set of features that do not allow their use in the overall application scenarios, but due its characteristics, it can well coexist with other similar technologies, without being dominant and more adopted than the others indoor location systems.
In this context, the European project SELECT studies the opportunity of collecting all these different features in an innovative system which can be used in a large number of application scenarios.
The goal of this project is to realize a wireless system, where a network of fixed readers able to query one or more tags attached to objects to be located.
The SELECT consortium is composed of European institutions and companies, including Datalogic S.p.A. and CNIT, which deal with software and firmware development of the baseband receiving section of the readers, whose function is to acquire and process the information received from generic
tagged objects.
Since the SELECT project has an highly innovative content, one of the key stages of the system design is represented by the debug phase.
This work aims to study and develop tools and techniques that allow to perform the debug phase of the firmware of the baseband receiving section of the readers.
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HUANG, LIN-SIANG, and 黃麟翔. "Passive RFID Tag Design." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x76e77.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>99<br>In this study, the approach to design RF to DC and demodulator which both have 905MHz operation frequency is the process of the UMC 90 nm CMOS. The functions of those are to provide DC voltage and demodulate signal in the structure of Passive RFID Tag application. Through the simulation, the minimum input power, output voltage, and the maximum power efficiency are -10 dBm, 1.08 V, and 4.9% respectively. The measurements of the chip, which sizes 0.46×0.52 mm^2, are -10 dBm, 1.08 V, and 1%. Moreover, the range of the data rate is 16.6 Kbps to 25 Kbps.
TSMC 0.18um CMOS process is use to accomplish 905 MHz Passive RFID Tag. To enhance the power efficiency, the property of zero threshold voltage of native CMOS device is used to establish the three-stage charge pump as the core of the RF to DC. The minimum input power, output voltage, and the maximum power efficiency of the tag’s RF to DC are -20 dBm, 0.59V, and 26.7% respectively. In additionally, the measurements of the chip, which area is 0.52×0.62mm^2, are -1dBm, 0.7 V, and 0.49%.
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Li, Ming-hsiang, and 李明翔. "MIMO UHF Passive RFID Tag." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04760303539379187919.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>103<br>Due to the long read range, the performance of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Identification (RFID) system can be easily affected by multi-path fading. To overcome the preceding problem, a MIMO UHF passive RFID tag, operating at 925 MHz, complied with the regulation of Taiwan, is proposed in this thesis.
With different polarizations of transmitter, we measure the tag backscatter power .The experimental results verify the effects of tag against multi-path fading.
The structure of the dual antenna tag is referred to the structure of analog front-end circuit of Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) and the semi-passive dual antenna tag design in Lin’s thesis and optimized becoming a passive dual antenna tag. Furthermore, we add the quantization function of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) on MSP430. Thus, the quantized values can be transmitted to receiver by Space-Time Block Code, STBC.
In addition, because of the difference pattern of backscatter of the improving tag, compared with tag proposed by previous literature, the reader we used before is not available to analyze the data. Therefore, the effects are verified by measuring, observing and analyzing the energy variation.
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Chen, Yu-Min, and 陳育民. "Design of RFID semi-passive tag." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74301647329630234289.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>海洋工程科技研究所<br>96<br>Abstract
Over the past few years, the application of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is wider and deeper than before. For example, access security, medical process control, goods tracking, and tickets used in public transportation, may penetrate the RFID technology the application to obtain the good monitoring and tracing.
This thesis is about the circuit design of the Tag part in the Radio Frequency Identification system and the basic function of Tag, and the circuit contains three parts；clock generate circuit , digital encoder circuit, and analog circuit. The circuit using HSpice to simulate. Finally, this IC design is complete.
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Lin, Wang-Chi, and 林旺旗. "Dual Antenna Semi-passive RFID Tag Design." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89064576053252303559.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>97<br>This thesis proposed a novel radio frequency identification (RFID) tag based on the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique to improve the system performance under multi-path fading environment. For the forward link (Reader to tag), the tag can improve the performance of forward link by processing signals received from two orthogonal polarized antennas. For the reverse link (Tag to reader), the transmit diversity technique is adopted to improve the backscatter signal quality in reverse link. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed tag is robust against the multi-path fading effect.
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Hsu, Hsiung-Hsuan, and 許雄軒. "Collision-tolerable Tag Identification for Passive RFID." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43721213863316385864.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>97<br>Development of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is changing our life style. Better efficiency and less time can be achieved due to the fast reading speed and convenience of RFID. Recently, barcode is substituted by RFID in the applications of the management of large amount of products and people. Therefore, the identification technique of multiple tags becomes more significant.
In order to enhance the identification speed of multiple tags, there are many problems to be solved. In this thesis, the solution of collision, which impacts identification speed most, is proposed. Instead of avoiding collisions which most researches focus on, the identification of collision signals is another feasible method. The samples of collision signals are used to compare with later collision signals for identification. Hence, the probabilities of one-tag and two-tag successful identification are 60% and 35% respectively in case of two tags collision.
Besides, improved anti-collision algorithms are presented. Up to 50% time reduction of multiple tags identification can be achieved among these methods. In Framed Slotted ALOHA system, better tag estimation methods are proposed. Most suitable frame size can be acquired by acute tag estimation and further increases system efficiency by 20%.
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Chen, Tse-Yuan, and 陳澤源. "Passive Tag Circuit of 915MHz RFID System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02169654908773121809.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電機工程學研究所<br>96<br>In recent years, the applications of wireless communication become more and more important. Wireless communication plays an essential role in our daily lives. The market of the wireless applications grows up gradually. The demands of the wireless products also increase rapidly. Therefore, the miniaturization and low costs will be the first topic we are interested in.
In this thesis, We use the process of TSMC 1P6M 0.18um Mixed signal/RF CMOS to achieve the whole 915MHz UHF RFID passive tag circuit which consists of the multiplier, limiter, voltage reference, series regulator, demodulator modulator and digital signal process. The die area only requires 0.98146 x 0.27396 mm2 without pads. We present dual antenna architecture to increase the backscatter signal strength and try to decrease the power consumption for improved the reading distance between the reader and tag in this thesis. The experimental results show the passive tag can generate 1.5V through the incoming RF signal to power up other internal circuits. The farthest reading distance that we measured in anechoic chamber is approximate 3.5 meters.
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Chen, Tse-Yuan. "Passive Tag Circuit of 915MHz RFID System." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2407200821362300.
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Ko, Yi-Hsin, and 柯宜欣. "A Highly Efficient UHF Passive CMOS RFID Tag." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9636kw.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>99<br>This thesis presents an UHF passive radio-frequency-identification (RFID) tag chip. This tag is applicated in RFID indoor localization system. The system operates at dual bands: the 2.45GHz continue wave for charge the tag and backscattering the RF data to the Reader; the other band, 925MHz or 866.4MHz for receiving and decoding the modulated signal. For the indoor localization system, this thesis designs a low power consumption RFID Tag. We remove the regulator and the oscillator, which are known to consume a large amount of power. The lowest RF power that our Tag can work is -23dBm. Since the PIE symbol is self-timing, this thesis presents a new method to decode PIE symbols to binary codes. The proposed RFID tag is designd in TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process in Full-Custom design flow.
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Peng, Jhih-Guo, and 彭智國. "A Battery-assisted Passive UHF RFID Tag Design." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88191383975282428154.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>96<br>This paper based on a multi-carrier method presents the design of an enhanced passive tag (EPT) that can extend the read range of an EPCglobal Class1 Gen2 (C1G2) tag by attaching a battery-assisted circuit (BAC) to the tag IC. The BAC generates a low power unmodulated continuous wave with frequency outside the tag operating band to supply additional power to the tag. In this work Agilent Advanced Design System software is used to simulate an EPT, which validates that the tag IC can harvest both signal powers from the reader and the BAC. With the same reader transmission power, empirical results demonstrate that a prototype EPT has much longer read range and is more resistant to multipath fading than a regular C1G2 tag. Unlike a semi-passive tag that depends on its local battery to work, a powerless EPT can function as a regular C1G2 tag. That is, an EPT with a charged battery behaves similarly to a semi-passive tag, and can keep working as a regular C1G2 tag after running out of its battery power.
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Ko, Chan-An, and 柯建安. "RFID Passive Tag Antenna Design for Metal Materials." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84458539310445318023.
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碩士<br>義守大學<br>電機工程學系碩士班<br>98<br>Studied in this paper can be used in the steel material in the passive RFID tag antenna design,the band for the UHF, the first single-frequency antenna is 915MHz, using FR4 substrate, a microstrip antenna in the above engraving. FR4 substrate as the back just like a layer of copper, was made out of the back of the microstrip antenna has been equipped with a flat metal material characteristics, of course, steel is one of metal materials. Next came the role of 915MHz, 1.7GHz, 2.4GHz, three bands of tri-band antenna, the same as the substrate is FR4 board to make this three working frequency. The entire production process, beginning with the company through Ansoft HFSS high frequency simulation software, the first two antennas to do this simulation, the simulation is complete the finished size of engraving machines, carving out to. Since the products are now required to be thin, light weight, so a single frequency part, we will reduce the 915MHz of the microstrip antenna to 50x50mm, and S_11 with -17dB, while the RFID-Tag for it, VSWR is 1:2 just can use, is about-9.6dB, and mine is -10dB VSWR is 1.92 for the benchmark, so as long as the operating frequency with the following words at -10dB, are RFID-Tag can be within the scope of work. That multi-band antenna, it is now necessary, and I did the three tri-band antenna working frequency is below -10dB in the range of. Therefore, the completion of this article allows the two RFID Tag antennas are used.
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Ku, Pau-Wen, and 顧寶文. "900 MHz 8-bit passive CMOS RFID Tag Design." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98605949660315298677.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>97<br>This thesis presents a 900MHz 8-bit passive CMOS RFID Tag with 40-stage charge pumps. There is no oscillator in the proposed tag to save power such that the read distance is increased. The tag is fabricated using the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. The measured minimum input power is -16.7dBm, the supply voltage is 0.7V to 1.6V, and the charge pump’s maximum power efficiency is 33% at input power equal to －21 dBm.
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Chen, Wei-Jun, and 陳煒潤. "Chip design and layout for the Passive RFID Tag." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47482618631951507147.
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碩士<br>吳鳳技術學院<br>光機電暨材料研究所<br>97<br>In recent years, due to the rapid development of wireless technology, there is an increasing demand for wireless applications, one of which is
radio frequency identification system (RFID). RFID application is very
convenient and efficient for the average of daily life, Examples include:
building access control management, car alarm chip.
This thesis, investigates the passive RFID tag design, including the
design of the Rectifier and limitation circuit, Power-on-reset circuit
schematic, Detector, data slicer and decoder and Control logic and shift
register and IF oscillator. The layout of the chip uses 1P6M 0.18μm
CMOS technology.
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Li, Chun-Ching, and 李俊慶. "The authentication technology for the passive tag in RFID." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28641208887692076083.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊工程學系碩士班<br>96<br>This paper we propose a security and efficient authentication technology that is suitable for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) application environment. This technology is proper when the passive tag has weak computing ability, memory limitation and no on-board battery. Based on Hash function and exclusive-or operation, this technology not only offers data protection and mutual authentication, but also can protect the tag from analysis, tracing, or cloning. In the application to RFID mobile payment, this technology can prevent masquerade, double spending and tracing, ensuring the security during the transaction process.
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Hong, Ya-Chi, and 洪雅琦. "A Passive UHF RFID Tag for RF-sensor Application." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34959334702183730051.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>電機工程學系<br>96<br>In this thesis, a passive UHF 925MHz RFID tag for RF-sensor is presented. The proposed RFID tag circuit includes the CMOS RF to DC rectifier, ASK demodulator, ASK modulator, logic and control circuit, and power on reset. The 925MHz RFID tag matches the EPC Gen-2 specifications, where the data rate is 640K/s. The maximum power that the tag received is 180uW. The totally power consumption of the tag in this work is 57uW, and it is totally supplied from the antenna received. This whole circuit is implemented in the TSMC 0.35um CMOS 2P4M standard process, and its size is 0.7*0.57um2.
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Li, Ming-Hsien, and 李明憲. "UHF Passive Tag Design for Multi-Carrier RFID Systems." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57848612189506954242.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>101<br>Passive RFID system is the most popular system be used all over the world. In this system, a passive RFID tag gains its power from reader emitting electromagnetic wave, and backscatter its responding signal to the reader. However, Because of the large propagation loss, the accessible range of a passive RFID tag is hence limited. In order to mitigate the problems, a multi-carrier UHF passive RFID system utilizes isolated continuous wave emitters to provide additional power to passive RFID tags. This approach however reduces the modulation depth of reader command signals and results in reader signal demodulation error in a passive RFID tag. This work proposes a new passive RFID tag demodulation circuit which can extend the tag read range in a multi-carrier system.
Two types of passive RFID tag architecture are proposed. One uses a narrow band impedance matching circuit before the envelope detector to prevent the signal from the continuous wave emitter passing through the demodulator. The other uses a band-pass SAW filter simulator, which is designed according to the specification of a real product, before the envelope detector to suppress the signal from the continuous wave emitter. Simulation results show that both tag designs can overcome the modulation depth constraint, and are in accordance with theoretical analysis.
This study uses Agilent Advanced Design System software to simulate a multi-carrier passive RFID system, which is used to verify the proposed passive RFID tag design and to analyze its performance and feasibility.
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Tsai, Hao-Yang, and 蔡昊洋. "Passive Tag with Oscillator in the UHF RFID System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70332629972123990454.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>通訊工程研究所<br>99<br>In the regular RFID system, the reader shall communicate with the tag by Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, and the modulation depth is from 30% to 100%. For increasing the effective distance modulation depth 100% can provide better recognition, therefore, this study focus on the modulation 100%. During the return link, Tag communicates with the receiver of reader by backscatter modulation. The signal from the transmitter of reader will be used as the carrier wave and modulated with the message of the Tag. Moreover, the ASK 100% signal is un-continuous, it also made the modulated signal un-continuous, and result in the incorrect message received by the reader and the error rate risen.
This paper research on generating a continuous sine wave in the Tag that used as carrier wave to improve the completeness of the feedback signal from the Tag and make the error rate of the receiver in the reader reducing. By the system simulation in the Matlab, that results when BER is 1%, SNR will have the 2dB improvement.
Therefore, this paper designs low power Blocking Oscillator and Power Harvester in the Hspice. Power Harvester transforms the signal form the transmitter into the DC voltage to supply the Blocking Oscillator. At the same time, Blocking Oscillator generates the same frequency sine wave in the Tag by picking the signal from the transmitter. That provides a signal for Tag to use in the modulation, and the power maximum of the Blocking Oscillator is 85μW.
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詹天浩. "A hardware development platform for the Tag-itTM active sensor's RFID tag." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41919277401767186840.
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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>電子工程學系<br>95<br>The main theme of this thesis was the establishment of development platform for the active sensor’s RFID tag based on the Tag-it™ protocol and embedded system techniques. The RFID transmission technique simultaneously delivers the energy and operational command by the RF signals to activate the sensors on the tag, and then immediately receives the sensed data from that tag. The development platform extends the sensor interface on a traditional RFID tag that is helpful to applied to military, medical treatments, vehicles, logistics, entrance guard or tracking, aviation, anti-counterfeit, tracking, and payment. Otherwise, the development platform assisted the development of the smart sensors and wireless sensor networks on the RFID application domain. Specifically, the platform includes the decoder/encoder, a microprocessor, and analog signal interfaces that are integrated to explore the connection between the RFID tag and sensors, to transfer the prototype of the active sensor’s RFID tag into an SOC process, and to conveniently exemplify and optimize the functional modules of the active sensor’s RFID tag.
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Hung, Tzung-Yo, and 洪宗佑. "A Semi- Passive UHF RFID Tag With A Solar Cell." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61444525775665564555.
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碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>海洋工程科技研究所<br>97<br>In this paper, the architecture of the passive tag of radio frequency identification (RFID) system is integrated with a solar cell. The integrated chip is studied and designed.
Generally speaking, RFID tags are divided into three kinds: active Tag, semi-passive and passive Tag. As far as chip performances are concerned, an active tag is much better than a passive tag. An active tag has farther transmission distance, and faster reading speed, but the only drawback is the need for batteries. Therefore, the active tag has limited lifetime, and higher manufacturing costs. As for the performance, the semi-passive tag lies in between the active and passive tags.
Based on the above considerations, we will integrate a passive tag with a solar cell to have simultaneously the operation stability of active tag except maintain the long lifetime of passive tag.
In this paper, a brand-new RFID tag combined with a solar cell is realized. The circuit includes a RF-to-DC circuit, an interfacial combining circuit of RF-to-DC circuit and solar cell, a power-on reset circuit, a clock generator, a modulation and a demodulation circuit.
Two chips were designed and measured. The first chip are designed and fabricated under the TSMC 0.35μm 2p4m process. By the design and performance analysis of the chip, the advantages and shortcomings of every sub circuit are grasped. Based on the information, the second chip is designed in order to improve circuit performances and fabricated under the TSMC 0.18μm process.
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Li, Chia-ning, and 李佳寧. "The Research of Passive RFID Tag for Surgical Instruments Sterilization." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13612835237641150436.
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碩士<br>義守大學<br>電機工程學系碩士班<br>97<br>The supply room was an important center in hospital, and its main work including recycling, cleaning, sterilization, supply, stock plan, cost budget, improvement and maintainability of the medical instruments. All of them were bound up with medical treatment, examination, nursing, and infection control. In general, what threatened the most in the hospital was bacterial infection. In order to promote medical quality, all organizations were enthusiastic about infection control and tried to avoid the infection happened in the hospital. The main principles for infection were mostly with high temperature produced by steam. The high temperature made the protein clot so that the organisms would no longer recover and attained the object. The purpose of the research is to design a newly durable RFID passive tag that can be used in high temperature and high pressure in order to fit the requirement of sterilization. When we apply the RFID technology into managements of surgical instruments, the facing problem will be how the passive tag exists in the environment with high temperature, high pressure and humidification. Also, it is necessary to have the high recognition after RFID tag reducing to the normal temperature. The passive RFID tags were commonly used in normal temperature. Fist of all, we collected many passive RFID inlays and analyzed their heat capacity, and then chosen the TOP 5 ones. By using some heat-resistant materials, like glass, silica gel, rubber, and paper, packaged them into highly durable RFID tags. Using these tags to do the existing experiments and compare with the tags that were not packaged and those already designed in high temperature. The principles that we evaluated depended on how these materials affected the reading distance and writing distance between reader and tag, the yield rate after packaged, and the recessional degrees in reading and writing. The result indicated that the highest yield rate was the tag with rubber which also with the tiny affection for reading distance and writing distance. The characteristic of failed tags were interruptions between chip and antenna, and colorful variation occurred to chip and antenna. Besides, we also simulated the RFID standard operation process system based on the original system which could be used to analysis the difference between the barcode and RFID.
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Wen, Sheng-Kai, and 溫勝凱. "Read Range of Passive RFID Systems and Impact of Tag Antenna Curving on RFID." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86200165471784948557.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>通訊工程學系<br>96<br>The read range of RFID system which is influenced by the output power of RFID reader, operating frequency, antenna gain of RFID reader and tag, and polarization is analyzed in this thesis. Forward radio link and backscatter radio link are the two steps in RFID operation. Based on Friis-transmission formula we can find out the factors which influence RFID read rage in forward radio link and backscatter radio link.
In many special situations RFID tag must be curved, so we also discuss the variation of the performance of the antenna on the RFID tag including of antenna gain and radiation pattern, and the effect on RFID applications in the situation that the tag is curved. And finally we provide a way to measure the radiation pattern of the antenna upon RFID tag in chip loaded case, and provide how to simulate the read range when RFID tag is in different situations.
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Chien, Y. F., and 簡源甫. "Circuit Design of the RFID Passive Tag using the UHF Band." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n9hw34.
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Wang, Hung-Wen, and 王宏文. "A Study on RFID–Passive Tag RF Front End Integrated Circuit." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e5agyv.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>95<br>This thesis presents the RF front-end for RFID passive-tag applications using TSMC 0.18um Mixed Signal/RF CMOS 1P6M process. The RF front-end consists of charge pump, regulator, modulator and demodulator; its size is 0.714 x 1.01 mm2. A signal with -14 dBm at 915 MHz is injected into the charge pump, the voltage can reach to 1.51V, and the ripple voltage is 0.14V. A signal with -6 dBm at 915 MHz is driven at the input, the voltage of the regulator can reach to 1.46V, and the ripple voltage is 0.06V. Referring the measured result, the proposed demodulator can successfully detect the signal with data rate, 15 Kbps. The modulator can response the signal with the power -36.7 dBm to the reader. Finally, we demonstrate the read range of the proposed passive-tag IC integrated with the standard dipole antenna is 1.2 meter.
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Cai, Suei-Shan, and 蔡穗山. "The Study of an Adaptive Radiation Power in Passive RFID Tag." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93287985079090296734.
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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>電機工程學系碩士班<br>96<br>The reader can identify single tag in the early. Along with RFID technology advances, the reader can identify many tags at present so that the application of RFID is more diversified than before. The access methods for identification of multi-tag can separate as four different ways: Space Division Multiple Access, Frequency Domain Multiple Access, Time Domain Multiple Access and Code Division Multiple Access in the RFID. But for cost down, TDMA is the popular one than other access methods, so TDMA is picked on. However, because the random sort situation of TDMA, system cannot sort these tags in order. In multiple identification environments, if a system can not only read the multi-tag but also sort these tags in order, it may more efficient for application in automatic machines. That is developing this system with this automatic machines can prevent the human negligence from happening.
Therefore, this paper improved the random sort problem by the adaptive radioactive power. Power of the radiation is decided by the search-algorism and the amount of the tags. Thus the system can sort these tags in order. After experimental the results show that the algorithm can sort these tags with almost zero error rates for read multi-tag in this RFID system.
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Huang, Wen-po, and 黃文柏. "UHF 915MHz Passive RFID Tag Circuit Conforming to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 RFID Protocol." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85627833257733103352.
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碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>電機工程學研究所<br>98<br>In this thesis, an UHF 915MHz passive RFID tag circuit which conforms to EPC Class-1 Generation-2 RFID protocol is proposed by using TSMC 0.18µm Mixed Signal/RF 1P6M CMOS process. The passive tag consists of a voltage multiplier, a voltage limiter, a voltage reference, a regulator, an oscillator, a power-on-reset circuit, a demodulator, a modulator and a digital signal processing unit. The chip area only requires 0.62 x 0.57 mm2 with I/O pads. We present a dual-antennas architecture and decrease the power consumption to improve the communicating distance. By the measurement results, the passive tag can generate DC voltage 1V in -12dBm~20dBm dynamic range input power. This stable voltage can power up the other internal circuits and make them work regularly. The power consumption is approximately 11.2µW and the maximum communicating distance is 2.1m.
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Lee, Yung-Lu, and 李泳祿. "A dual-band 15-bit passive UHF RFID Tag design in CMOS technology." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q6r4dg.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>100<br>This thesis presents a fully integrated dual-band 15-bit passive radio-frequency-identification(RFID) tag chip. The tag is used in an RFID indoor localization system. We employ dual-band communication link (power link and data link) respectively in 866/925MHz and 433MHz. the tag converts the power captured from 925-MHz continuous wave to DC voltage for the whole chip. It also receives the ID code modulating 433MHz signal from the reader. If the ID code is correct, the tag will backscatter the 15-bit ID code to the reader using the power link.
There are no regulator and oscillator in the proposed tag, we use a low power voltage reference circuit to replace the regulator. The clock is extracted from the received PIE signal, thus no oscillator is required. The advantages are not only reducing the power consumption, but also improving the lowest sensitivity and increasing the dynamic range. The input sensitivity of the power link at -19.6 dBm and the data link at -31dBm were observed. The proposed RFID tag is designed in TSMC 0.18um mixed signal/RF 1P6M CMOS process.
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Liao, I.-No, and 廖以諾. "A Millimeter-Wave RFID Passive Tag IC Using In-Phase Gate-Boosting Rectifier." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wz6c55.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子工程學系 電子研究所<br>103<br>Radio-Frequency identification (RFID) system is a well-developed technique and is everywhere is our daily life, such as campus IC cards, access cards, electronic toll collection, etc. Efforts have been made mainly on a RFID tag IC design since the size of a tag directly determines the variety of RFID applications. Current RFID tag has large physical size due to the off-chip antenna, which limits the RFID applications because a tag cannot be mounted on objects smaller than itself. In this thesis, a downlink/uplink operating frequency of 60/24 GHz is used in order to reduce the antenna size. Since the proposed tag is passive, it requires a rectifier which converts RF power collected from surroundings to dc output supply voltage. A design of a robust rectifier becomes the most important task needed to be accomplished because as the frequency moves higher, the sensitivity of a RFID tag decreases due to the inevitable parasitic capacitance which impact the rectifier’s performance significantly. To overcome the parasitic effects, this thesis proposes an In-Phase Gate-Boosting Rectifier (IGR) which is a new circuit technique. The implemented IC achieves a state-of-the-art -7 dBm sensitivity with a peak power conversion efficiency of 20.65% at 7 dBm input power in the millimeter-wave rectifier circuit design domain.
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Li, Wei-Jyun, and 黎威均. "A Study of Non-contact Coupling Measurement Framework for Passive RFID Tag Antennas." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18801031413559849390.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>電機工程系碩士班<br>100<br>This thesis proposes a low-cost and fast non-contact coupling measurement method for evaluating the operating frequencies of passive Ultra High Frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) tags during mass production.
This thesis employs a self-designed excitation antenna and an in-house measurement platform to carry out the non-contact coupling measurement for RFID tags of several different frequencies. In the measurement, the RFID tag under test has to be placed near the excitation antenna that is connected to a vector network analyzer (VAN). From the measured results shown on the VNA, one can estimate the operating frequency and bandwidth of the tag under test. On the other hand, a circuit model corresponding to the power transfer between the excitation antenna and the tag was employed to characterize the coupling coefficient and the equivalent impedance of the chip-absent tag antenna. From these extracted data, the operating frequency and bandwidth of the chip-added tag for a chip with vendor-supplied input impedance can be computed accordingly.
The measured results using the non-contact measurement system are found to agree reasonably well with the computed results using the above extracted data for the circuit model, and are also validated by the results measured using a commercial RFID measurement system available in Securitag Assembly Group (SAG) company. This implies that the non-contact measurement is reliable and valuable, and the circuit model is meaningful.
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Paw, Wei-Jian, and 包偉騫. "A High Sensitivity RF Energy Harvester for mm-Wave Passive RFID Tag IC." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e8sgxe.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子研究所<br>107<br>In the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), the RFID system plays a crucial role. The RFID system consists of a reader, an RFID tag, and an application system. Among them, the role of the RFID tag is attached to the item, and the information about the item is stored for tracking and identifying. Since the RFID tag cannot be attached to an object smaller than it, its size plays a decisive role in the application range of the RFID system. Designing the RFID tag to be fully passive (without built-in battery) and increasing the operating frequency (reducing the antenna area) to reduce the overall size of the RFID tag. The energy harvester, which is responsible for converting RF to DC, is the only source of energy in a fully passive RFID tag. The energy harvester with only the rectifier cannot further operate the fully passive RFID tag at a lower input power, so this thesis proposes to integrate the rectifier, power-on reset and boost converter to promote the sensitivity of the energy harvester. From the measured results, the energy harvester can achieve a sensitivity of about -10dBm at an operating frequency of 35GHz and an RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of up to 29% at an input power of about -5dBm. This innovative energy harvester is further integrated into the 35GHz fully passive RFID tag system, hoping to complete the operation of battery-less system at very low RF input power.
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Yen, Ching-Min, and 嚴敬閔. "A Millimeter-Wave Passive RFID Tag IC and a Low Loss RF Switch." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rv9396.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子研究所<br>107<br>The 5th generation wireless systems and the Internet of Things applications are becoming popular in recent years. The importance of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems has increased significantly. The number of research and discussion on the RFID system grows a lot. The RFID tag can be applied in the electronic toll collection system, access cards, product labels, etc. Besides, the discussion of phased-array radar is also very hot. We want to complete an RFID system by the phased-array radar and the RFID tag as the reader and the tag. Keeping going with the previous 65nm RFID tag structure, the project is focused on the process porting to 28nm and improves the sensitivity, efficiency, power consumption, and operation under low voltage. The proposed millimeter-wave passive RFID tag IC achieves small size so it can be embedded into paper, plastic or clothes. The tag does not need an additional battery. It can harvest the electromagnetic energy from the environment and converter this energy to DC power needed for the circuit operation. This thesis introduces the operating state of the RFID tag and describes the function and architecture of each sub-circuit. The asynchronous digital controller and the PWM receiver will be discussed in detail. Moreover, the thesis introduces the RF switch as well. This thesis describes the specifications required for the switch used in the phased-array radar frontend circuit and the design process is also explained.
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HOU, ZHONG-QING, and 侯忠慶. "Intelligent Active RFID Tag-Based Bio-Impedance and Sensing Monitoring System Design." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98382023346890712602.
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碩士<br>中華大學<br>機械工程學系碩士班<br>97<br>This research is divided into two parts, the first part is the integration design of the micro array biology probe and the thin film transistor amplifier on a flexible substrate, such that the probe can put on the object for test, and the probe's contact effect will be better. By the way the signal obtained by the biological probe can be amplified nearby.
Second, this thesis integrates the bio-probes with an active RFID tag, which can monitor the bio-surface skin impedance by way of wireless.