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SudhaSurwase, Yadahalli Ravi, and Nawale Shankar. "Design of Nested H slot Passive UHF RFID Tag." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 10, no. 1 (2021): 346–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5529419.
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RFID is a short distance communication system which comprises of a RFID tag, a RFID reader and a personal computer with desired software that can maintain the related information. These RFID tags can be of active or passive types. This paper focuses on design, simulation and fabrication of passive ultra-high frequency RFID tag (microchip and an antenna) which resonates at the frequency 866 MHz in the Industrial Scientific Medical Band. The nested H-slot inverted-F microstrip antenna structure is used for the design of passive RFID tag. It examines the specific tag geometry and its characteristics to optimize the PIFA antenna and in turn RFID tag’s performance.
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Wang, Honggang, Ruixue Yu, Ruoyu Pan, Mengyuan Liu, Qiongdan Huang, and Jingfeng Yang. "Fast tag identification for mobile RFID robots in manufacturing environments." Assembly Automation 41, no. 3 (2021): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-11-2020-0182.
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Purpose In manufacturing environments, mobile radio frequency identification (RFID) robots need to quickly identify and collect various types of passive tag and active tag sensor data. The purpose of this paper is to design a robot system compatible with ultra high frequency (UHF) band passive and active RFID applications and to propose a new anti-collision protocol to improve identification efficiency for active tag data collection. Design/methodology/approach A new UHF RFID robot system based on a cloud platform is designed and verified. For the active RFID system, a grouping reservation–based anti-collision algorithm is proposed in which an inventory round is divided into reservation period and polling period. The reservation period is divided into multiple sub-slots. Grouped tags complete sub-slot by randomly transmitting a short reservation frame. Then, in the polling period, the reader accesses each tag by polling. When tags’ reply collision occurs, the reader tries to re-query collided tags once, and the pre-reply tags avoid collisions through random back-off and channel activity detection. Findings The proposed algorithm achieves a maximum theoretical system throughput of about 0.94, and very few tag data frame transmissions overhead. The capture effect and channel activity detection in physical layer can effectively improve system throughput and reduce tag data transmission. Originality/value In this paper, the authors design and verify the UHF band passive and active hybrid RFID robot architecture based on cloud collaboration. And, the proposed anti-collision algorithm would improve active tag data collection speed and reduce tag transmission overhead in complex manufacturing environments.
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Zhang, Yan Zheng, Shi Lin Zhang, Lu Hong Mao, and Sheng Xie. "A Fully Integrated 2.45G Semi-Active RFID Tag IC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1586.
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In recent years, radio frequency identification (RFID) microwave technology receives great attention because of its advantages, e.g. long identification distance, small size of antenna, high identification speed and strong anti-collision ability. RFID tag plays one of the most important roles in logistics, and therefore special attention should be paid to tag design. In this paper, we present a 2.45G semi-active tag design, which is compatible with ISO 18000-4. The proposed tag can switch the manners of working between active and passive. When the generated RF-power is sufficient to operate, the tag works as a passive tag, and low noise amplifier (LNA), oscillator (OSC) and power amplifier (PA) are cut off to save the whole chip power consumption mostly. Otherwise it operates in active mode using battery power, and the working distance is greatly increased as a result of using PA.
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Han, Peiqing, Zhaofeng Zhang, and Niansong Mei. "Low-Power Passive/Active UHF RFID Tag Transceiver with Frequency Locked On-chip Oscillator." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 14 (2020): 2050234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502345.
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A reconfigurable architecture is presented to be compatible with conventional passive operating mode and active mode for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag. The transceiver with frequency locked on-chip oscillator is proposed to increase the read range of RFID system and the lifetime of tag. The transceiver is fabricated in 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m standard CMOS process with the active area of 0.246[Formula: see text]mm2. For passive mode, the sensitivity of tag is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBm. For the active mode, the sensitivity is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBm only consuming 1.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W under the supply voltage of 0.8[Formula: see text]V. The output power is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBm for active transmitting mode and the power consumption is 450[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W under the supply voltage of 1[Formula: see text]V.
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Mun, Byeonggwi, Yonghyun Yoon, Hyunwoo Lee, Hark-Yong Lee, and Byungje Lee. "A Compact Dual-Band RFID Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Objects." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/131908.
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A compact (50 × 50 × 4 mm3) dual-band radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna mountable on metallic objects is proposed for the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band (917∼923.5 MHz) and the microwave (MW) band (2.4∼2.45 GHz). With the proximity-coupled feed loop, the proposed antenna consists of two symmetric planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) elements for the UHF band passive tag and a meander microstrip patch antenna for the MW band active tag. The performance of the proposed antenna is verified by mounting it on the different sizes of the metallic object. Furthermore, the passive tag antenna in the UHF band furthermore may be used for energy harvesting techniques to improve the lifetime of the active tag in the MW band. The measured maximum read range is 5.50 m in the UHF band and 14.15 m in the MW band when the proposed tag antenna is mounted on the metallic objects. The total efficiency for all operating frequency bands is higher than 50%. High isolation (>12 dB) between tag antennas in the UHF band and the MW band is achieved.
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Deacu, Daniela. "RFID Loop Tags for Merchandise Identification Onboard Ships." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.969.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most actual techniques employed to control the circuit of merchandises, as an alternative to the classical barecode. RFID tags should be cheap and easy to reproduct on a multitude of dielectric supports. There are several types of RFID systems, depending on whether tag and/or reader are active or passive. For cost reasons, merchandise identification should use active reader and passive tag, as the latter might be manufactured on a cheap FR4 support or printed directly on paper, by using a conductive ink. Passive tags can be shaped as straight dipoles, meandered dipoles, or loops. When a small area is required, loops are more appropriated. Codes are made different one from another by using on the same tag antennas with different resonance frequencies. Another advantage of loops is that they can be placed one inside other, so the occupied area is even smaller compared to other multi-resonant tags. Firstly, a single loop is analyzed, in order to model the resonant behaviour, correlated to the loop geometry and size. Open and closed loops are studied; the lowest resonance frequency for a given loop length is achieved for the open loop. In that case, the loop is resonating as a dipole. Next, a tag with three concentric loops is investigated. Separately, a small loop is used on the tag, in order to couple the received power in a resistor. When the tag is close to the reader, the latter is triggered if power is absorbed simultaneously on the three expected frequencies. The proposed tag was simulated and manufactured. Results show a good agreement between measured and simulated data. Finally, a block diagram for the reader was proposed.
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Prof., Sudesh L. Farpat, Shital S. Chavan Miss., and Divya R. Vyas Miss. "MONITORING OF ATTENDANCE USING RFID AND GSM TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (2015): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10726137.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em><em>: </em></strong> <em> </em> <em>In recent years, the number of applications based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems have been rise, and they have been successfully applied to different areas such as transportation, health-care, agriculture, hospitality, industry, and schools. RFID technology facilitates the automatic wireless identification using electronic passive and active tags with suitable readers. Monitoring of students has become more important part of any institution / organization. This paper represents the automatic computing system in classrooms for managing student’s attendance using RFID. RFID is used to solve problems where it is necessary to automatically record the student’s attendance in classrooms. To communicate wirelessly with a reader in order to identify the students, the RFID tag is affixed on identity card. RFID is an automated identification and data collection technology, that ensures more accurate and timely data entry. RFID combines radio frequency and microchip technologies to create a smart system GSM is used to provide communication between administrative of the institutions and the parents by sending message regarding students attendance report.</em> <strong><em>Keywords- </em></strong><em>Lecture, Attendance, passive tag, RFID Reader, etc</em>
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Fang, Ming Wei, Jun Jun Wu, Xin Fang Zhang, and Hong Chen. "A Novel ECC-Based RFID Authentication Protocol." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1764.
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RFID technology plays an important role in our daily life nowadays. It widely used in the automatic identification system by embedding the tag into product. However, some security risks presented due to radio frequency signal channel between the tag and the reader which may lead privacy disclosure for the user. Various solutions are proposed to resole to security issues in RFID system, but there still presented some limitations. A security elliptic curve cryptography based authentication protocol is presented in this paper to preserve the privacy of the RFID system. The proposed protocol provides mutual authentication and a security communication channel between the tag and the reader. By the security analysis, our protocol can resist common passive and active attack; moreover, it also can provide forward security.
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Ekşim, Ali. "Performance of Multiple-Antennas in ISO 18000-7 Standard with Using Limited Feedback Schemes." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 9, no. 1 (2013): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v9i1.161.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a pervasive wireless technology to automatically identify, track, and locate objects or people. RFID technology falls into three categories with respect to tags' energy source: passive, semi-passive and active. Active RFID tags are preferred in many applications for their advantages: Visibility, security, quality and high distance communication. Active RFID systems present a couple of challenges that are vital and should be overcome before enjoying their benefits. One of the most important new challenges is energy-efficient data gathering. ISO/IEC 18000-7, operating at 433 MHz, is one of the active RFID standards. We realize that a tag consumes too much energy source to perform a satisfactory communication compliance with the standard in Rayleigh fading channel. Motivated by this need, in this paper, we aim to ameliorate a RFID system performance from the perspective of better communication and energy efficiency. Detailed and extensively simulations show that using multiple antennas with limited feedback schemes significantly diminish the frame error rates and increase the battery lifetime. Moreover, we have evaluated the performance of the limited feedback schemes when the wireless channels are correlated and multiple antennas are present at the reader.
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Wang, Ting Zhong, and Ai Di Zhi. "Application of RFID Technology in Development Smart Home and Traffic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.709.
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Smart Home is a versatile technology system family residential platform, the use of advanced computer technology and network technology, the families in a variety of electrical equipment connected together through some form of network. RFID can also be divided into active tags and passive tags. An active tag with RF energy initiative to give the reader sends data main obstacles applications; passive tags using modulated backscatter emission data. The paper puts forward the application of RFID technology in development Smart Home and Traffic System. The application of intelligent transportation systems in urban transport is by increasing the effective use and management of traffic information to improve the efficiency of the transportation system.
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Jabeen, Ejaz, Rahman, et al. "Data-Dense and Miniature Chipless Moisture Sensor RFID Tag for Internet of Things." Electronics 8, no. 10 (2019): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101182.
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A novel and miniaturized semi-elliptical 20-bit fully passive chipless RFID sensor tag is proposed in this article. The realized sensor tag is made up of semi-elliptical shaped open-end slots within the compact size of 25 mm × 17 mm. The multi-substrate analysis of the proposed tag is examined using non-flexible and flexible materials. The articulated tag configuration is capable of monitoring moisture levels when the largest resonator is covered by a heat-resistant sheet of Kapton HN (DuPontTM). The proposed tag functions in the operational frequency band of 4.1 GHz-16 GHz and possesses the overall bit density of 4.70 bit/cm2. The structure is composed of a thin passive substrate layer topped with an active layer of conductive path and is considered as a potential candidate for low-cost identification of the tagged objects. In addition to that, its moisture sensing property and flexible nature make it a reliable smart sensor for conformal applications.
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Abdul Razak, Muhammad Thariq, and Chuah Chai Wen. "Staff Attendance System using RFID." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 1, no. 4-2 (2017): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.1.4-2.73.
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Attendance system University Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia is the system to record, and monitor the staff attendance to the daily work. This project is to design develop and implement attendance system using radio frequency identification technology. This technology is divided into two types which are system passive and system active. The proposed system used the system passive to record staff attendance. Frequency identification technology will read the staffs tag and the attendance are recorded automatically and store it in database. The proposed system has several securities feature that can prevent security breaches which is captcha and audit trail. The advantage of proposed system is can differentiate between the human input and robot input and record all the user activity when access to the system.
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Фёдоров, С. М., Е. А. Ищенко, Е. В. Папина, К. А. Бердников, and Ю. Д. Савкина. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF RFID TAG BENDING ON BASIC CHARACTERISTICS." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 6 (January 10, 2021): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.16.6.012.
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Рассматривается пассивная радиочастотная метка, которая находится на гибкой подложке, что приводит к появлению проблемы с изменением характеристик при изгибе метки. В процессе исследования производилось моделирование для трех ситуаций: плоской метки, изогнутой внутрь и наружу. Благодаря современным методам электродинамического моделирования возможно определить все основные характеристики RFID метки - в активном режиме: обратные потери, диаграмму направленности; в пассивном режиме: диаграмму обратного рассеяния, токи и напряжения в нагрузке. При моделировании были построены графики зависимости амплитуд токов и напряжений в нагрузке от частоты, пиковые значения эффективной площади рассеяния. Благодаря полученным данным можно определить наиболее оптимальные частоты для облучения RFID метки, чтобы обеспечить ее работу в активном режиме (высокие токи и напряжения в нагрузке), а также в режиме обнаружения - большие значения ЭПР. Приводятся графики и таблицы для сравнения исследуемых случаев, по которым видны изменения характеристик при изгибе метки, что делает невозможным применение системы в широких диапазонах частот, так как стоит учитывать ее возможные изгибы The article discusses a passive RFID tag that sits on a flexible substrate, which leads to a problem with changing characteristics when the tag is bent. In the course of the study, we carried out modeling for three situations: a flat tag, curved inward and outward. Thanks to modern methods of electrodynamic modeling, it is possible to determine all the main characteristics of an RFID tag - in the active mode: return loss, radiation pattern; in passive mode: diagram of backscatter, currents and voltages in the load. During the simulation, we plotted graphs of the dependence of the amplitudes of currents and voltages in the load on frequency, peak values of the effective scattering area. Thanks to the data obtained, it is possible to determine the most optimal frequencies for irradiation of an RFID tag in order to ensure its operation in an active mode (high currents and voltages in the load), as well as in the detection mode - large ESR values. The article provides graphs and tables for comparing the cases under study, which show changes in characteristics when the tag is bent, which makes it impossible to use the system in wide frequency ranges, since its possible bends should be taken into account
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Park, Jaehun, Yong-Jeong Kim, and Byung Kwon Lee. "Passive Radio-Frequency Identification Tag-Based Indoor Localization in Multi-Stacking Racks for Warehousing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103623.
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Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology-based real-time indoor location awareness has been widely studied. In this paper, a passive RFID-based indoor inventory localization method for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is proposed to effectively manage their indoor inventory tracking in terms of the multi-stacking racking (MSR). To achieve this, we introduce a concept of reference tags and a calculation of measurement for the distance between the RFID reader and reference tag to improve the accuracy of the item location recognition. To illustrate the efficacy and applicability of the method, an empirical case study that applies it to an electronic device manufacturing company is conducted. It was noted that there was no significant difference in the location awareness rate of the proposed system compared with the existing active RFID-based methods. Also, it is demonstrated that the construction can be relatively inexpensive in terms of identifying the location of the items loaded in MSR and relatively narrow areas using a passive tag. This advantage makes it suitable for SMEs that have issues with large-scale facility investment, applying the method to compare the location difference between the registered location information in the inventory system and the actual location of the item in the rack.
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Zou, Zhuo, Qing Chen, Ismail Uysal, and Lirong Zheng. "Radio frequency identification enabled wireless sensing for intelligent food logistics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2017 (2014): 20130313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0313.
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Future technologies and applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) will evolve the process of the food supply chain and create added value of business. Radio frequency identifications (RFIDs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been considered as the key technological enablers. Intelligent tags, powered by autonomous energy, are attached on objects, networked by short-range wireless links, allowing the physical parameters such as temperatures and humidities as well as the location information to seamlessly integrate with the enterprise information system over the Internet. In this paper, challenges, considerations and design examples are reviewed from system, implementation and application perspectives, particularly with focus on intelligent packaging and logistics for the fresh food tracking and monitoring service. An IoT platform with a two-layer network architecture is introduced consisting of an asymmetric tag–reader link (RFID layer) and an ad-hoc link between readers (WSN layer), which are further connected to the Internet via cellular or Wi-Fi. Then, we provide insights into the enabling technology of RFID with sensing capabilities. Passive, semi-passive and active RFID solutions are discussed. In particular, we describe ultra-wideband radio RFID which has been considered as one of the most promising techniques for ultra-low-power and low-cost wireless sensing. Finally, an example is provided in the form of an application in fresh food tracking services and corresponding field testing results.
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Dziedzic, Andrzej, Szymon Wójcik, Mirosław Gierczak, et al. "Planar Thermoelectric Microgenerators in Application to Power RFID Tags." Sensors 24, no. 5 (2024): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051646.
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This paper presents an innovative approach to the integration of thermoelectric microgenerators (μTEGs) based on thick-film thermopiles of planar constantan–silver (CuNi-Ag) and calcium cobaltite oxide–silver (Ca3Co4O9-Ag) thick-film thermopiles with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The goal was to consider using the TEG for an active or semi-passive RFID tag. The proposed implementation would allow the communication distance to be increased or even operated without changing batteries. This article discusses the principles of planar thermoelectric microgenerators (μTEGs), focusing on their ability to convert the temperature difference into electrical energy. The concept of integration with active or semi-passive tags is presented, as well as the results of energy efficiency tests, considering various environmental conditions. On the basis of the measurements, the parameters of thermopiles consisting of more thermocouples were simulated to provide the required voltage and power for cooperation with RFID tags. The conclusions of the research indicate promising prospects for the integration of planar thermoelectric microgenerators with RFID technology, opening the way to more sustainable and efficient monitoring and identification systems. Our work provides the theoretical basis and practical experimental data for the further development and implementation of this innovative technology.
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Yang, Tao, Junhui Xiang, Yu Wang, et al. "An Active Tag Using Carrier Recovery Circuit for EPC Gen2 Passive UHF RFID Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65, no. 11 (2018): 8925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2816013.
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Jankowski-Mihułowicz, Piotr, Mariusz Węglarski, Wojciech Lichoń, Mateusz Chamera, Patryk Pyt, and Cezary Ciejka. "Synthesis of Antennas for Active Glazing Unit with Photovoltaic Modules." Energies 14, no. 20 (2021): 6632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206632.
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The problem considered in the paper concerns the synthesis process of antennas for autonomous semi-passive RFID transponder/sensors dedicated to active glazing units. Glazing units are frequently used in modern multi-storey buildings to create amazing facades. When they are integrated with photovoltaic (PV) modules, active units are obtained. It is desirable, mainly for economic reasons and in order to ensure the high efficiency of a micro-photovoltaic power plant, that active glazing units are equipped with a system for monitoring their operating parameters. In connection with this, design problems occur that fall within the fields of sensor technology and radio communications. The main purpose of the presented study was to prepare appropriate input data for design tools used in the synthesis of antenna systems in the UHF band. Many important issues are considered including: proximity to structural elements of the building facade and PV cells, which disturbs the shape of the radiation pattern and affects the impedance parameters of the antenna system; the need to ensure easy integration of the RFID sensor and the specified object, without significant interference in the production of glazing units; appropriate shaping of the radiation pattern in order to enable reading and writing of the RFID tag from both inside and outside the building; impedance matching to the selected RFID chip in the broadest possible frequency range, etc.
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Kim, Sangkil. "Inkjet-Printed Electronics on Paper for RF Identification (RFID) and Sensing." Electronics 9, no. 10 (2020): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101636.
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The newly developed research area of inkjet-printed radio frequency (RF) electronics on cellulose-based and synthetic paper substrates is introduced in this paper. This review paper presents the electrical properties of the paper substrates, the printed silver nanoparticle-based thin films, the dielectric layers, and the catalyst-based metallization process. Numerous inkjet-printed microwave passive/ative systems on paper, such as a printed radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an RFID-enabled sensor utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), fully printed vias, an autonomous solar-powered beacon oscillator (active antenna), and artificial magnetic conductors (AMC), are discussed. The reported technology could potentially act as the foundation for true “green” low-cost scalable wireless topologies for autonomous Internet-of-Things (IoT), bio-monitoring, and “smart skin” applications.
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Sun, Chun-I., Jung-Tang Huang, Shih-Chi Weng, and Meng-Fan Chien. "City Marathon Active Timing System Using Bluetooth Low Energy Technology." Electronics 8, no. 2 (2019): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020252.
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This study proposes and implements city marathon timing technology using Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) communication technology. This study also performs a prevalidation of the athletes’ physiological sensory data that is sent out by the same timing system—the BLE active communication technology. In order to verify the timing and positioning technology, 621 K records of static measurement of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) were first collected. The trend of the RSSI between the location and the BLE Receiver when the runners carried a BLE Tag was analyzed. Then, the difference between the runners’ passing timestamp and the runners’ actual passing time when the runners carried a BLE Tag and ran past the BLE Receivers was dynamically recorded and analyzed. Additionally, the timing sensing rate when multiple runners ran past the BLE Receivers was verified. In order to confirm the accuracy of the time synchronization in the remote timing device, the timing error, synced by the Network Time Protocol (NTP), was analyzed. A global positioning system (GPS) signal was used to enhance the time synchronization’s accuracy. Additionally, the timing devices were separated by 15 km, and it was verified that they remained within the timing error range of 1 ms. The BLE communication technology has at least one more battery requirement than traditional passive radio frequency identification (RFID) timing devices. Therefore, the experiment also verified that the BLE Tag of this system can continue to operate for at least 48 h under normal conditions. Based on the above experimental results, it is estimated that the system can provide a timing error of under ±156 ms for each athlete. The system can also meet the scale of the biggest international city marathon event.
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Vasyukov, S. A., and I. A. Murzin. "The Low-Power High-Frequency Transceivers with a Received Signal Power Indicator Used in the Access Control System." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 8 (September 11, 2017): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/0817.0001298.
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The article deals with relevant issues to implement automatic disarming through the radio channel of car alarm when approaching the car. Notes that the implementation of automatic (keyless) access in standard automotive systems, using wireless communication between the owner's transponder tag and the car's transponder at a frequency of 125 kHz and a set of active antennas, requires large costs and is therefore available only in business-class cars. To implement this function in the same form at the stage of installation of additional equipment is expensive and time-consuming. As an alternative, the proposal is to use the radio car alarm. A disarming process involves two devices, namely a RFID-tag, which the owner carries around, and an alarm unit. Both the tag and the alarm unit radio channel contain transceivers, i.e. devices capable of operating both as a transmitter and as a receiver. The paper justifies that it is expedient to place the transceiver of unit on the car windshield and use a passive label responding to the request signal from the transceiver of unit. Formulates requirements for transceiver characteristics and based on the analysis of publications proves the CC2400 (Texas Instruments) transceiver selection. Analyses the possible types of antennas the manufacturer offers for the CC2500 transceiver. Estimates their using efficiency in RFID-tags through manufacturing and testing a developed batch with PCB antennas of different type. A developed proprietary antenna design, as compared to the manufacturer’s antennas, has a polarization diagram close to circular. The paper shows its experimentally estimated effectiveness. An algorithm is analysed when the distance of automatic disarming is adjusted only through the power of the transmitter of the alarm transceiver. It is noted that the algorithm does not use information about the signal from the tag to the unit. It is experimentally justified that its use of the algorithm without feedback allows us to obtain a stable automatic disarming zone. A radio-exchange algorithm between the car alarm transceiver and the tag transceiver is proposed and justified using the power indicator of the signal received from the tag. The operation and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are tested experimentally.
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Verzun, N. A., A. M. Kolbanev, and M. O. Kolbanev. "An Algorithm for Synthesizing Groups of Codes in an RFID Multiple Access System." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 10, no. 6 (2024): 68–78. https://doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2024-10-6-68-78.
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Relevance. One of the problems that must be solved when creating RFID systems is the reader's multiple access to a group of tags located in a limited space, since the reading signal causes a one-time response of many tags, which leads to collisions (conflicts) of response signals. This problem has not been solved in relation to passive tags without a chip, based on surface acoustic wave technologies, the code of which is laid down during manufacture and cannot be changed during operation. The purpose of the study is to develop algorithms that allow synthesizing such groups of codes that would provide a controlled level of pairwise correlation of the selected label signals and thereby ensure the specified accuracy of label identification. The proposed algorithms are based on the procedures of code concatenation and inductive construction of groups of codes with a given volume and correlation level. For the algorithm for forming a group of codes with the required value of the correlation coefficient and the algorithm for combining groups of codes into complete and maximum groups, properties have been proven that confirm the possibility of using them to formulate tasks for preparing groups of labels on surfactants that would correspond to the number of objects requiring identification and the accuracy of their identification and taking into account the number of labels in the group, the conditions for the propagation of radio signals in the area of operation of the reader, the number of repeated readings of the label codes, as well as algorithms for joint data processing, received with all calculations.The methods used. Methods of coding theory and correlation analysis. Result. The developed algorithm is a tool for creating modern coding systems for surfactant labels. The scientific novelty. Well-known algorithms for multiple access in RFID systems are proposed in the GEN1 and GEN2 EPC Global standards, and assume that the tag has a chip and a power supply, which makes it possible to implement protocols for influencing the tag with a reader using special commands. The proposed multiple access algorithm is applicable for passive surfactant tags, including those moving at high speed and/or located in aggressive environments, since the tags do not use silicon technology compared to active RFID tags. Practical significance. The use of the proposed set of algorithms will increase the efficiency of marking systems by reducing the identification time of objects located in a confined space.
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Makeev, Mstislav, Vladimir Sinyakin, and Sergey Meshkov. "Reliability prediction of RFID passive tags power supply systems based on RTD under given operating conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402095.
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The technique for predicting RFID passive tag power supply system reliability, the failure of which is caused by the degradation of RTDs that are part of the tag rectifier, is developed. The calculation of the time to failure of the RFID passive tag power supply system by the criterion of the minimum permissible range is presented based on the developed technique.
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Byondi, Franck Kimetya, and Youchung Chung. "Longest-Range UHF RFID Sensor Tag Antenna for IoT Applied for Metal and Non-Metal Objects." Sensors 19, no. 24 (2019): 5460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245460.
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This paper presents a passive cavity type Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag antenna having the longest read-range, and compares it with existing long-range UHF RFID tag antenna. The study also demonstrates mathematically and experimentally that our proposed longest-range UHF RFID cavity type tag antenna has a longer read-range than existing passive tag antennas. Our tag antenna was designed with 140 × 60 × 10 mm3 size, and reached 26 m measured read-range and 36.3 m mathematically calculated read-range. This UHF tag antenna can be applied to metal and non-metal objects. By adding a further sensing capability, it can have a great benefit for the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN).
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El-Rahman, Shreine Abd, Ahmed Attiya, Hossam El-Deen Mamoud, and Hala Abd-El Kader. "Passive RFID Tag for Railway Application." Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 06, no. 02 (2018): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapr.2018.62002.
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Sakonkanapong, Arnon, and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich. "Near-Field HF-RFID and CMA-Based Circularly Polarized Far-Field UHF-RFID Integrated Tag Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (April 24, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6427157.
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This research proposes an integrated high-frequency (HF) and ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna for near-field (13.56 MHz) and far-field (920–925 MHz) communication. This tag antenna is advantageous for the applications with lossy material in the near-field communication and mitigates polarization loss in the far-field communications. The HF-RFID tag antenna is of square spiral structure, and the circularly polarized UHF-RFID structure consists of a square loop radiator with cascading loop feeding and shorted stub. The structure of HF-RFID tag antenna situated inside the circularly polarized UHF-RFID tag can avoid the significant effect of the near-field magnetic coupling from the square loop. The UHF-RFID tag antenna is realized by using characteristic mode analysis for wideband circular polarization. The HF-RFID structure is conjugate-matched with NXP NT3H2111 chip, and the UHF-RFID structure is conjugate-matched with NXP G2X chip. Simulations were carried out, and an antenna prototype was fabricated. The experimental results reveal that the radiation pattern of UHF-RFID tag antenna is bidirectional with a gain of 0.31 dBic. The impedance bandwidth covers the frequency range of 903–944 MHz, and the axial ratio in boresight direction at 922.5 MHz is 1.67 dB, with the axial ratio bandwidth over 863–938 MHz. The maximum near-field and far-field reading ranges are 4.9 cm and 8.7 m. The proposed integrated dual-band passive tag antenna is operationally ideal for HF-RFID and UHF-RFID applications.
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Kavinesh Radhakrishna, Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani, Alawiyah Abdul Wahab, et al. "Design of A 20-Bit Chipless RFID Tag Utilizing Multiple Resonators in UWB Frequency Range." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 29, no. 2 (2023): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.29.2.2537.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a growing technology for monitoring and recognizing objects, persons, or animals via wireless communications. Precisely, RFID can operate longer range and has an ability to be automated without human control. Chipless RFID tag basically is a RFID tag that does not require a microchip in the transponder. The major impediments in designing chipless RFID tag are data encoding and transmission. The passive chipless RFID tag can be fabricated on any substrate material without external operating circuit, which is different compared to a conventional chipped RFID tag. In this paper, 20 resonators are used to design a 20-bit chipless RFID tag, which operates at the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range between 3.00 and 10.00 GHz. It is found that the additional resonators can encode data and increase the chipless RFID tag's encoding capacity significantly. In sum, multiple resonators enable the chipless RFID tag to encode data at different operating frequencies.
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PARK, JAHNG HYON, and YONG-KWAN JI. "LOCATION ESTIMATION OF MOBILE SYSTEMS USING PASSIVE RFID TAGS IN AN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics C 20, no. 04 (2009): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183109013844.
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This paper presents methods of localization of mobile systems using recent Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. We consider an indoor environment where RFID tags are implanted along the wall or in objects in the room. If the absolute position and orientation of a tag are read by an RF reader, a mobile system can estimate its location using the information saved in the tags. A reader-tag model is obtained through experiments in order to derive relative positions and orientations between an antenna and an RFID tag. To estimate the location, we propose two estimation methods. One uses a single RFID tag and the other uses multi-RFID tags. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can provide good performance for mobile system localization in an indoor environment.
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Mondal, Saikat, Deepak Kumar, and Premjeet Chahal. "Recent Advances and Applications of Passive Harmonic RFID Systems: A Review." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040420.
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Harmonic Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems have attracted significant interest over the last decade as it provides many benefits over the conventional RFID systems. Harmonic RFID is desired over conventional RFID systems due to reduced self-jamming, location accuracy from dual frequency, and higher phase noise immunity. In a harmonic RFID system, the tag receives instructions from the reader at an RF carrier frequency and replies back at the harmonic of the RF frequency. A nonlinear element consuming very low power at the tag is required to generate the harmonic carrier for the battery-less system. In this review article, a detailed contrast between conventional and harmonic RFID systems is presented. This is followed by different circuit design techniques to generate harmonics and integration techniques to form a fully operable passive harmonic RFID tag. Also, a wide range of applications, especially sensor integration with harmonic RFID’s, along with the future trends are presented.
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Mikami, Shugo, Dai Watanabe, Yang Li, and Kazuo Sakiyama. "Fully Integrated Passive UHF RFID Tag for Hash-Based Mutual Authentication Protocol." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/498610.
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Passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag has been used in many applications. While the RFID market is expected to grow, concerns about security and privacy of the RFID tag should be overcome for the future use. To overcome these issues, privacy-preserving authentication protocols based on cryptographic algorithms have been designed. However, to the best of our knowledge, evaluation of the whole tag, which includes an antenna, an analog front end, and a digital processing block, that runs authentication protocols has not been studied. In this paper, we present an implementation and evaluation of a fully integrated passive UHF RFID tag that runs a privacy-preserving mutual authentication protocol based on a hash function. We design a single chip including the analog front end and the digital processing block. We select a lightweight hash function supporting 80-bit security strength and a standard hash function supporting 128-bit security strength. We show that when the lightweight hash function is used, the tag completes the protocol with a reader-tag distance of 10 cm. Similarly, when the standard hash function is used, the tag completes the protocol with the distance of 8.5 cm. We discuss the impact of the peak power consumption of the tag on the distance of the tag due to the hash function.
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Virtanen, J., F. Yang, L. Ukkonen, A. Z. Elsherbeni, A. A. Babar, and L. Sydänheimo. "Dual port temperature sensor tag for passive UHF RFID systems." Sensor Review 34, no. 2 (2014): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2011-681.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel totally passive, wireless temperature sensor tag based on ultra high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The temperature-sensing functionality is enabled by using distilled water embedded in the tag antenna substrate. The novel sensor tag is designed to provide wireless temperature readings comparable to a commercial thermocouple thermometer even in environments with high levels of interference, such as reflections. The structure of the novel sensor tag is aimed to increase its usability by minimizing user-created errors and to simplify the measurement procedure. Design/methodology/approach – The sensor tag is based on a dual port sensing concept in which two ports are used to obtain sensor readings. By utilizing two ports instead of one, the effects of environmental interference, tag-reader antenna orientation and distance can be effectively minimized. Two alternative methods of acquiring the sensor reading from the operating characteristics of the two ports are presented and discussed. Findings – Temperature measurements in practical scenarios show that by utilizing the dual port sensing concept, the developed tag produces temperature readings wirelessly which are comparable to readings from a commercial thermocouple thermometer. Research limitations/implications – The concept of dual port sensing was shown and two alternative methods on extracting sensor readings from the differences in the port operating characteristics were introduced and discussed. In this paper, the dual port sensing concept is utilized in creating a temperature sensor tag; however, the same concept can be utilized in a variety of passive wireless sensors based on UHF RFID technology. This enables a new approach in designing accurate, easy to use and easily integrable passive sensors. The dual port sensing concept is in its early stages of development; its accuracy could be improved by developing more advanced data post-processing techniques. Practical implications – The accuracy of a passive dual port UHF RFID-enabled temperature sensor tag is proven to be sufficient in many applications. This indicates that other sensor types utilizing the dual port sensing concept can reach high levels of accuracy as well. Furthermore, the passive RFID-enabled sensors based on the dual port sensing concept are superior in usability versus sensor tags equipped only with a single port. Therefore, dual port sensing concept in passive UHF RFID-enabled sensor tags could make such sensors more attractive commercially and lead to truly widespread ubiquitous sensing and computing. Originality/value – This paper presents a novel passive, wireless temperature sensor tag for UHF RFID systems. The sensor tag utilizes a new structure which allows tight integration of two ports and two tag antennas. The accuracy of the developed tag is confirmed throughout measurements and it is found comparable to the accuracy of commercial thermometers in practical measurement scenarios. Moreover, the paper presents a dual port sensing concept and two readout methods based on the concept which are aimed to increase the accuracy and usability of all kinds of UHF RFID-enabled sensor tags.
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Zaid, Jamal, Abdulhadi E. Abdulhadi, and Tayeb A. Denidni. "Miniaturized Multi-Port Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Metamaterial for Passive UHF RFID-Tag Sensor Applications." Sensors 19, no. 9 (2019): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091982.
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In this paper, a miniaturized Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) tag-based sensor antenna using a magneto- dielectric substrate (MDS) for wireless identification and sensor applications is presented. Two models of RFID tag-based sensors are designed, fabricated and measured. The first model uses two RFID tags; both of the tags are incorporated with two RFID chips. A passive sensor is also integrated in one of the proposed tags to serve as a sensor node, while the other tag is used as a reference node. Based on the difference in the minimum power required to activate the reference and sensor nodes, the sensed data (temperature or humidity) can be determined. The magneto-dielectric substrate layer is placed underneath the patch antenna to reduce the size of the proposed sensor by about 75% compared to a conventional RFID tag-based sensor. The magneto-dielectric layer is thin enough to embed in the planer circuit. To reduce the size of the proposed sensor, a multi-port tag for including the reference and sensor node in one antenna is also presented. The proposed RFID tag-based sensors have several features such as small size, they are completely capable for two objectives at the same time and easy to integrate with a planer circuit.
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Liu, Li, Yu, Zhao, and Zhang. "A Novel Finger-Controlled Passive RFID Tag Design for Human–Machine Interaction." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235125.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) has shown its potential in human–machine interaction thanks to its inherent function of identification and relevant physical information of signals, but complex data processing and undesirable input accuracy restrict its application and promotion in practical use. This paper proposes a novel finger-controlled passive RFID tag design for human–machine interaction. The tag antenna is based on a dipole antenna with a separated T-match structure, which is able to adjust the state of the tag by the press of a finger. The state of the proposed tag can be recognized directly by the code received by the RFID reader, and no complex data processing is needed. Since the code is hardly affected by surroundings, the proposed tag is suitable to be used as a wireless switch or control button in multiple scenarios. Moreover, arrays of the proposed tag with rational tag arrangements could contribute to a series of manual control devices, such as a wireless keyboard, a remote controller, and a wireless gamepad, without batteries. A 3 × 4 array of the finger-controlled tag is presented to constitute a simple passive RFID keyboard as an example of the applications of the proposed tag array and it refers to the arrangement of a keypad and can achieve precise, convenient, quick, and practical commands and text input into machines by pressing the tags with fingers. Simulations and measurements of the proposed tag and tag array have been carried out to validate their performances in human–machine interaction.
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Kumar, Arun, Davinder Parkash, and M. V. Kartikeyan. "PLANAR ANTENNAS FOR PASSIVE UHF RFID TAG." Progress In Electromagnetics Research B 19 (2010): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierb09121609.
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Escobedo, Pablo, Miguel Carvajal, Luis Capitán-Vallvey, José Fernández-Salmerón, Antonio Martínez-Olmos, and Alberto Palma. "Passive UHF RFID Tag for Multispectral Assessment." Sensors 16, no. 7 (2016): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16071085.
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Hsin-Chin Liu, Wang-Chi Lin, Ming-Yuh Lin, and Min-Hsiang Hsu. "Passive UHF RFID Tag With Backscatter Diversity." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2011.2153173.
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Sydanheimo, L., J. Nummela, L. Ukkonen, J. McVay, A. Hoorfar, and M. Kivikoski. "Characterization of Passive UHF RFID Tag Performance." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 50, no. 3 (2008): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2008.4563613.
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Kharudin Ali, Damhuji Rifai, Afizullah Abdullah, et al. "Design of Adaptive RFID RC522 on IoT Platform with Different Types Passive Tag Based on Self-Service Library Management System (SSLMS)." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 33, no. 1 (2023): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.33.1.163174.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to a wireless system comprising two components: tags and readers. The reader is a device with one or more antennas that emit radio waves and receive signals from the RFID tag. This system is available on most systems applications especially involving security systems, including house/office access systems, toll systems, and library systems. The accessing data is made stand-alone or data-based through the existing conventional RFID system on the market, especially in library systems. Also, the tag provided is only limited to the same type, either cards or stickers. From that, it will produce problems in monitoring the status of books, especially for loans or returns. At the same time, the difference in detection sensitivity will be the effect of the detection range for the types of tag used. Through this research, the development of adaptive RFID on IoT platforms with different types of passive tag library systems highly emphasized monitoring the status of books besides maximum range detection by using different types of passive tag and at the same time increasing the security by implementing the book status detection on the gate of the library. The tag sticker used can be read/written in the 13.56 MHz frequency with the High Frequency (HF) band due to its affordability and ease of implementation. RFID tags are embedded in all books and activated; it triggers the alarm system if the status return gets captured on the memory of the RFID tag. The alarm accuracy is almost 100%. The result showed that within the acceptable range of 5 cm, the RFID reader works efficiently in detecting books. It shows that the card tag gives 90% sensitivity of range detection, followed by the sticker and keychain tag at 70%, and, lastly, the transparent card tags at 40%.
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Sipilä, Erja, Johanna Virkki, Lauri Sydänheimo, and Leena Ukkonen. "Experimental Study on Brush-Painted Passive RFID-Based Humidity Sensors Embedded into Plywood Structures." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1203673.
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The integration of electronics and wood is an interesting research area due to the increasing interest to add functionality into various wooden products. The passive RFID-based humidity sensor tag prototype, presented in this paper, is fabricated directly on plywood substrate to be embedded into wooden structures, by using brush-painting and photonic sintering of cost-effective silver ink. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of brush-painted antennas as sensor elements. The developed sensor tag is fully passive and small in size, meaning it can be permanently enclosed into wooden structures. In addition, the sensor tag has all the functionalities of an ordinary passive UHF RFID tag, and a peak read range of about 10 meters. The sensor performance was evaluated in normal room conditions, after two 100% relative humidity tests, and after drying in normal room conditions for 9 days. According to the results, the fabricated UHF RFID-based humidity sensor tags have a great potential to be utilized in humidity sensing applications, and also in normal automatic identification and supply chain control of various wooden products. In addition, the first results of more cost-effective brush-painted copper UHF RFID tags on plywood substrate are presented.
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Mori, Yoshikazu, and Shinichiro Kido. "Monitoring System for Elderly People Using Passive RFID Tags." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, no. 5 (2014): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0649.
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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00260005/14.jpg"" width=""200"" />Monitoring system using RFID tags</div> This paper presents amonitoring systemthat uses passive RFID tags for detection of unexpected loitering and falling of elderly people in nursing homes. This system, which is superior to a video camera in terms of privacy, incorporates tag readers set on ceilings beside a bed and under doors. The system combines the following two methods. The first method targets caregivers and non-senile elderly persons. Each wears an RFID shoulder tag. However, some senile elderly people who are not wearing RFID tags might wander. Therefore, the second method described for this system is based on a phenomenon by which electric waves are attenuated by water. Several RFID tags are put on the floor. Then the presence of a person at that spot is inferred from the number of RFID tags that are responding. Experimental results obtained for a person beside a bed and passing through a door confirm the effectiveness of this system. </span>
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Mikhailovskaya, Anna, Ildar Yusupov, Dmitry Dobrykh, et al. "Miniaturized all-angle accessible RIFD tag." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (2021): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012092.
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Abstract Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the commonly used approaches to a short-range wireless data exchange. Numerous passive RFID tags are available on the market, and in a vast majority of cases, their designs are based on flat meandered dipole architectures. However, besides technological advantages, those realizations suffer from polarization mismatch issues and limited spatial sectors, from which flat tags can be interrogated. Here, we demonstrate and analyze a miniature omnidirectional tag accessible from all 4π stereo angles with a commercial RFID reader.
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Islam, Mohammad, Touhidul Alam, Iskandar Yahya, and Mengu Cho. "Flexible Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Tag Antenna for Sensor Applications." Sensors 18, no. 12 (2018): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124212.
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In this paper, an inkjet-printed flexible Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag antenna is proposed for an ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensor application. The proposed tag antenna facilitates a system-level solution for low-cost and faster mass production of RFID passive tag antenna. The tag antenna consists of a modified meander line radiator with a semi-circular shaped feed network. The structure is printed on photo paper using silver nanoparticle conductive ink. The generic design outline, as well as tag antenna performances for several practical application aspects are investigated. The simulated and measured results verify the coverage of universal UHF RFID band with an omnidirectional radiation pattern and a long-read range of 15 ft. In addition, the read range for different bending angles and lifetimes of the tag antenna are also demonstrated.
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Abdelnour, Abanob, Antonio Lazaro, Ramón Villarino, Darine Kaddour, Smail Tedjini, and David Girbau. "Passive Harmonic RFID System for Buried Assets Localization." Sensors 18, no. 11 (2018): 3635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113635.
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A passive harmonic tag for buried assets localization is presented for utility localization. The tag design is based on a dual-polarized patch antenna at Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band. One of its feeders is connected to a frequency doubler based on a Schottky diode that generates the second harmonic, which is transmitted using a linear-polarized patch tuned at this frequency. The power received at the other feeder of the dual-polarized antenna is harvested by an RF to DC converter based on a five-stage voltage multiplier whose energy is used to bias a low-power quartz oscillator that modulates the output of the doubler. The different parts of the system are presented, and the theoretical read range is estimated as a function of the soil composition and the water content. A low-cost reader based on a software defined radio is also presented. Finally, experiments with a prototype of the tag are performed for different soil conditions.
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Björninen, Toni, Sari Merilampi, Leena Ukkonen, Lauri Sydänheimo, and Pekka Ruuskanen. "The Effect of Fabrication Method on Passive UHF RFID Tag Performance." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/920947.
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In passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), transponders or tags are used to label objects to be identified. In this study passive tag antennas were produced using etching, screen-printing, and gravure printing methods. The threshold and backscattered signal strengths of the tags were measured to determine the effect of different manufacturing methods on the tags' performance. Conductivity, skin depth, thickness, and the quality of the conducting layer have a major effect on tag performance. Each manufacturing method sets its own boundary conditions on the processibility of the high quality conduction layer and such conditions need to be considered in tag design. Tag design also affects the manufacturing parameters used in the different techniques. The results of the study show that each of the studied fabrication methods can be used to manufacture reliable RFID tags.
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M. Africa, Aaron Don, Rica Rizabel M. Tagabuhin, and Jan Jayson S. D. Tirados. "Dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in radio frequency identification simulations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp181-189.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are used in several applications. It is widely used in retail, corporations, and schools for several purposes such as inventory, identification, and cashless payments. The components of an RFID system include a tag and a reader. The RFID reader includes an RF module that transmits and receives signals. While the RFID tag transmits embedded signals, which is typically some form of identification. The tag is a passive component powered by the reader. The two components make use of antennas to communicate the signals with each other. The design of the antenna is an important factor to consider in the production of the RFID. The size of the antenna must be small enough to provide convenience and the gain must be strong enough to effectively transmit and receive signals between the two components. In this paper, an antenna for an RFID tag is designed using MATLAB software. The antenna to be designed must be cost-efficient and be able to radiate an acceptable gain. This research creates a dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in RFID simulations.
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Aaron, Don M. Africa, Rizabel M. Tagabuhin Rica, and Jan Jayson S. D. Tirados. "Dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in radio frequency identification simulations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2023): 181–89. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp181-189.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are used in several applications. It is widely used in retail, corporations, and schools for several purposes such as inventory, identification, and cashless payments. The components of an RFID system include a tag and a reader. The RFID reader includes an RF module that transmits and receives signals. While the RFID tag transmits embedded signals, which is typically some form of identification. The tag is a passive component powered by the reader. The two components make use of antennas to communicate the signals with each other. The design of the antenna is an important factor to consider in the production of the RFID. The size of the antenna must be small enough to provide convenience and the gain must be strong enough to effectively transmit and receive signals between the two components. In this paper, an antenna for an RFID tag is designed using MATLAB software. The antenna to be designed must be costefficient and be able to radiate an acceptable gain. This research creates a dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in RFID simulations.
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Nabil Salem, Ba-Saleh Ammar, Raimi Dewan, Osman Ayop, and Amirudin Ibrahim. "Read Range Investigation of RFID Tag on Human Chest." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 22, no. 2 (2023): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v22n2.405.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for automatic identification, tracking, and monitoring of human is in great demand by the healthcare industry. The existence of passive tag with proximity to human body in general, represents an intrinsic challenge because of the high losses of body tissues A commercial passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tag with 860 MHz-960 MHz operating frequency range is modelled to study and analyze the effect on the read range parameter by placing the RFID tag in proximity to human body model (the chest) with respect to the placement of pocket position of any shirt The body model of the chest is consisting of three layers which are skin, fat and muscle. The commercial RFID tag that has been used for this study was INLAY-9662. The measurement is done on the commercial tag prior to modelling and simulation in the CST. Furthermore, the simulation was carried on two conditions: (1) in free-space, and (2) in proximity to human body. In addition, 1 mm, 3 mm and 10 mm have been set as the gap between the modelled tag and the chest model to examine the impacted read range at different distances. The results obtained have shown some variations when the distances are varied from the human chest. The read range were achieved at 0.5 m, 1.3 m and 2.4 m for 1 mm, 3 mm and 10 mm respectively. This study has shown the capabilities of human body to reduce the efficiency of the read range whenever RFID tags are placed in proximity to human body.
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Tao, Ye, Shou Fu Geng, and Hou Wei Lian. "Temperature Tag Based on Active RFID." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.387.
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In view of the problems that we can not real-time monitor and record temperature even when the temperature exceeds a certain limit the system can not alarm, leading to deterioration of food rotting in the refrigerated transport process. So we propose and establish a real-time monitoring and recording system based on active RFID technology. The system uses active RFID technology characteristics and the communication protocol between the Reader and the host computer to monitor and record the temperature during transport. The configuration of the tag can widen the range of applications, so you can change the parameters of the tag with configurator. The tag's size is small and it has flexible applicability and strong adaptability. Test results show that the general range of temperature tag is -50～120°C between the error of ± 1°C. The rate of Reader is 100%, and the tag can launch to about 100 meters. The system does not only solve the problem of temperature during refrigerated transport, but also provides a theoretical for long-distance transmission of RFID.
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BUNEA, Alina-Cristina, and Ovidiu George PROFIRESCU. "Passive Radio Frequency Identification Tag with Frequency Doubler and Energy Harvesting." Romanian Journal of Information Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (2024): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/romjist.2024.2.04.
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The paper presents the simulation and experimental results obtained for a passive RFID tag based on the integration of microstrip patch antennas and a frequency doubler circuit on the same low-cost FR-4 substrate. The fundamental frequency used for the interrogation signal is f0=2.5 GHz, with the second order harmonic 2f0=5 GHz generated by the doubler used to send back the information from the tag. Nonlinear simulations based on the NSR201MXT5G diode parameters showed that an input power of only 400 mW at 2.5 GHz is enough to generate a DC current of 2.3 mA and a DC voltage of 4.6 V across a 2kOhm load resistance, and provide an output power of 7.8 mW at 5 GHz. Measurement results demonstrating the energy harvesting feature of the RFID tag show a detected DC current of 0.226 mA at 2.6 GHz for a 300 mm distance between reader and tag antennas for a power of ~30 mW (15 dBm) at the reader antenna input. The results show an increase of the readout distance compared to previous work, with a demonstrated RFID link at 100 cm showing a clear rectangular demodulated signal.
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Xie, Ya Juan, and Cai Feng Liu. "The Comparison of Passive UHF RFID Tag Chip." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1247.
Full textAbstract:
This paper introduces the characteristics of passive uhfrfid tag chip through enumerating the contrast method, including alien higgs-4, nxp g2xm and impinj monza5. And the paper explains the chip impedance, memory allocation in detail. The conclusion is that the performance exist difference between each chip. Understanding the performance of the chip is helpful to design a suitable antenna. To provide reference for uhfrfid label antenna design.