Academic literature on the topic 'Active Seating'
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Journal articles on the topic "Active Seating"
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Al-Ashmori, Mohammed, and Xu Wang. "A Systematic Literature Review of Various Control Techniques for Active Seat Suspension Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031148.
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Drivers of heavy trucks are exposed to large amounts of vibration which can lead to serious health risks. Many suspension systems/methods can be used to isolate these transmitted vibrations, such as vehicle suspension systems, cabin suspension systems and seating suspension systems. The central idea of the work is to identify the research gaps and raise our future research questions in this specific area. The novelty of this paper is proposing a model predictive controller for active vibration control of seating suspension systems. A systematic literature review of the existing work of the vibration control of seating suspension systems has been conducted. Various control techniques that are used in the seating suspension systems have been summarized and evaluated. This paper focusses on the biodynamic model of the driver and seat for the first step needed in the design of the seating suspension system. Then, it illustrates the different types of the system vibration controls and their performance evaluation methods. At the end, the paper details several active seating suspension systems including their actuation system structures and control algorithms which are used in the heavy vehicle trucks.
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Kar, Gourab, Kathryn S. Peditto, Sanjay Guria, et al. "Effects of Active Sitting Chairs on Short-Duration Computer Task Performance, Postural Risks, Perceived Pain, Comfort and Fatigue." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601590.
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This study evaluated the effects of active and static sitting chairs on short-duration computer task performance, postural risks and perceived pain, comfort and fatigue. A repeated-measures, within-subjects study was conducted, in which 16 participants performed 40 trials of a computer-based homing task in four seating conditions. Computer task performance was operationalized using mousing and typing speed as the measures, postural risk was evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Perceived scores for pain, comfort and fatigue were reported through a survey administered at baseline and after each seated task condition. Results suggest that for short-duration computer tasks, active seating does not reduce mousing and typing speed; postural risks for musculoskeletal disorders do not significantly differ in comparison to static seating. Additionally, while there is reduction in perceived levels of comfort for active seating, the perception of pain and fatigue do not change significantly.
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Takada, Makoto, Shuichi Wakimoto, Takero Oshikawa, Takeji Ueda, and Takefumi Kanda. "Active Cloth Fabricated by a Flat String Machine and its Application to a Safe Wheelchair System." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 5 (2020): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p1010.
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In this study, a pneumatically contracting active cloth has been developed; its application is proposed for a safe sitting-posture recovery system for wheelchair users to avoid fall-related accidents. The active cloth consists of thin artificial muscles knitted via a flat string machine. The safe wheelchair system is configured with an active cloth and seating pressure sensor. The seating pressure sensor, located on the seating surface of the wheelchair, estimates the inclination of the upper body of the user; when this reaches an angle that is dangerous for falling from the wheelchair, the active cloth contracts to correct the posture of the upper body. In this paper, we clarify the fabrication process and fundamental characteristics of the active cloth and indicate its potential as a mechanical element for welfare apparatuses by demonstrating a safe wheelchair system.
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Beard, Judy, and Kirk Mathias. "Can learning be enhanced with active seating?" Heliyon 7, no. 9 (2021): e08084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08084.
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Faulk, Jeremy D., Cameron C. McKee, Heather Bazille, et al. "Performance, Movement, Posture, and Perceived Discomfort in Active vs. Static Seating." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631505.
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Active seating designs may enable users to move more frequently, thereby decreasing physiological risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. In this preliminary study, two active seating designs (QOR360, Ariel; QOR360, Newton) were compared to a static chair (Herman Miller, Aeron) to understand how active vs. static seating may affect task performance, movement, posture, and perceived discomfort. This within-subjects experiment involved n = 11 student participants who sat upon each of the three chairs for 20 minutes while performing a series of computer-based tasks. Participants showed increased trunk movement while also reporting higher levels of perceived discomfort in the two active chair conditions. There was no significant difference in either posture or fine motor task performance between the active and static conditions. Future research may benefit from additional physiological measurements along with a wider variety of tasks that require seated users to make postural adjustments.
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Guo, Linchuan, Xu Wang, Rang-Lin Fan, and Fengrong Bi. "Review on Development of High-Static–Low-Dynamic-Stiffness Seat Cushion Mattress for Vibration Control of Seating Suspension System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082887.
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This review focuses on studying passive vibration isolation techniques and their applications. Advantages and disadvantages of different vibration isolation techniques will be compared in order to find an innovative method to reduce seating suspension system vibration and improve the ride comfort of vehicles’ drivers. Quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolators of high-static–low-dynamic stiffness are found to have good application prospects in low-frequency vibration isolation. In order to improve the isolation performance of the seating suspension system, a specially made seat cushion will be studied where a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolator such as a double-diamond isolator is selected as one of the cells/units/elements of the seat cushion mattress. The double-diamond isolator structure does not represent the whole seating suspension system. The transmissibility ratio of the double-diamond isolator is evaluated by analytical and simulation models and compared to that of a conventional linear spring isolator. Although the performance of the passive vibration isolation/control system is usually worse than that of the active or semi-active control system, the cost of the passive vibration isolation/control system is lower than that of the active and semi-active control system, and the relative simplicity of adding a vibration isolation cushion mattress in an existing passive seating suspension system makes it low in cost, easy to implement, and more attractive than the active and semi-active vibration control systems.
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Sivanathan, Ilankumaran, Kingston Pal Thamburaj, Kartheges Ponniah, Logeswary Arumugum, and Ravi Rajamani. "Transforming classroom dynamics: A comparative analysis of U-style, V-style, and circle innovative teaching techniques." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 11, no. 10 (2024): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.10.012.
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This research paper examines three distinct teaching methods—U-Style, V-Style, and Circle—and analyzes their impact on student participation, collaboration, and learning outcomes. The study involved 30 students enrolled in a Tamil degree program, with the seating arrangement used in a Tamil classical literature class. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to evaluate the impact of these seating styles. Data was collected through observation, tests, and student feedback. The findings suggest that cluster seating is particularly effective in creating a student-centered classroom. This setup promotes collaborative learning and improves student engagement and learning outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of well-planned seating arrangements in the classroom. Using cluster seating can help create an active and cooperative learning environment, supporting the goals of modern education.
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Koo, Terry K. K., Arthur F. T. Mak, and Y. L. Lee. "Evaluation of an Active Seating System for Pressure Relief." Assistive Technology 7, no. 2 (1995): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.1995.10132260.
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Bambang, Tristiyono, and Sa'diyah Tualeka AC Halimatus. "Development of Learning Facilities for ADHD Student Aged 6-9 Years Old at Special School in Indonesia." International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH) 10, no. 1 (2023): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.A1652.0910123.
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Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder in the form of inability to focus attention, easily distracted, impulsive, and hyperactive. Children with ADHD are usually aggressive, unable calm down, are difficult to teach, and have trouble focusing when doing an activity. With this, children with ADHD need treatment, special handling, as well as facilities and infrastructure that are suitable for children with ADHD. One special facility for ADHD that looks significant compared to other normal facilities is a study furniture designed for children with ADHD. The study furniture is important because it often interacts with children with ADHD for a long time. The good consideration of a design is the fulfillment of needs that can adapt to user conditions. To get a solution, interviews with experts were conducted, potential users that is children with ADHD aged 6-9 years, literature studies on ADHD, active seating, fidgeting, ergonomics, color, benchmarking to product existing, and analysis of user needs. The results of this design are furniture sets in the form of tables and chairs that use active seating, calm, adjustable, and safe as the concept to support the learning activities of children with ADHD in special schools. The chair design uses the concept of active seating in the form of whole body fidgeting to support hyperactive and inattention symtoms. This design utilizes digital simulation to digitize the concept and simulate it, reducing trial and error during prototype development. Furniture with adjustable height system for children aged 6-9 years with a simple and safe form for the needs of children with ADHD. This design uses muted brown color to give a clean impression and not cause distraction, combined with a muted blue color to give a calming feel from a psychological standpoint and fulfill user preferences.
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Boros, Eszter. "Modern Requirements of 18-25 Years Old Adults Against Seating Furniture in Hungary." American Journal of Art and Design 9, no. 3 (2024): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajad.20240903.11.
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This research examines the evolution of seating furniture in Hungary over the past 200 years by comparing three representative pieces. The first is the famous tulipános hope chest, also known as the wedding chest, a traditional piece of Hungarian furniture. The second example is a bench from 1965, designed by József Zalavári, a renowned Hungarian designer and university professor. The third piece is the Kuube smart street bench from 2020. These three pieces exemplify the changing requirements and preferences for seating furniture over time. To support this comparative analysis, an online questionnaire was conducted in April 2024 targeting young adults aged 18-25 years. The survey aimed to understand their preferences and expectations for modern seating furniture. It was distributed and completed through various Hungarian Facebook groups, where these respondents are regularly active. The primary focus of the questionnaire was to identify the most important factors for the next generation in terms of seating furniture usage. Surprisingly, the results indicated that respondents were not particularly concerned with recycling and renewable energy sources in furniture production. Instead, they prioritized multifunctionality and ergonomic design. These findings provide valuable insights for future designers and projects, highlighting the essential considerations for creating seating furniture that meets the needs and preferences of Generation Z and Alpha users. By understanding these trends, designers can develop innovative solutions that align with the evolving demands of younger generations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Active Seating"
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Buchacoff, Gustavo Y. (Gustavo Yehezkel). "An active seating system for prevention of pressure sores." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43599.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65).<br>A pressure management and relief system has been developed for use by wheelchairbound individuals who are at risk of developing pressure sores. This system can be used in passive or active form, depending on an individual's requirement for pressure management and relief. The active seat uses vacuum and pressure in combination with an open-cell-foam-based cushion to perform pressure relief. Testing methods for the system were studied and developed. These methods allow a controlled and precise testing of seating systems. Prototype systems have also been produced and tested. Experimental equipment and data are presented to support performance claims. Prototypes of both active and passive systems have also been tested in a pilot clinical study to assess their effectiveness. Results from this study are presented.<br>by Gustavo Y. Buhacoff.<br>S.M.
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Samuelsson, Kersti. "Active wheelchair use in daily life : considerations for mobility and seating /." Linköping : Örebro : Univ. ; Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med753s.pdf.
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Jalasutram, Srikanth. "Design of an intelligent posture guidance system for workspace seating." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41117.
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Seating is an integral part of work environment. When people are at work, they often sit in chairs for long periods of time without changing postures. This results in reduced blood circulation in the body, especially in the buttock-thigh area causing muscle fatigue, pain and discomfort. Ergonomically designed task chairs adopt a passive approach to guiding people into better postures by providing adjustability inside the chair. However most people do not adjust their chairs because they fail to sense the need for changing posture. They are left to sensing the need to change posture through guesswork or extreme discomfort. This thesis proposes a new system to address this problem by sensing static posture in a seated person with the use of electronic sensors embedded in the seat, and by providing interactive feedback to static posture via sound, light and tactile channels. The new technology is an sensing-feedback mechanism embedded in a chair, that allows people to receive postural information and make body adjustments periodically to avoid pain and discomfort caused by prolonged seating.The feedback mechanism was tested with four subjects to determine its efficacy in generating posture change through pressure relief and user feedback was gathered in order to design the final prototype.
Book chapters on the topic "Active Seating"
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Gust, Peter, Sebastian P. Kampa, Nico Feller, Max Vom Stein, Ines Haase, and Valerio Virzi. "Intelligent Seating System with Haptic Feedback for Active Health Support." In Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02686-8_64.
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Gust, Peter, Sebastian Kampa, Marco Kuhlmeier, Christian Sauder, and Alina Sersch. "Development of an Elastic Inflatable Actuator for Active Seating Systems." In Advances in Manufacturing, Production Management and Process Control. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80462-6_5.
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Gust, Peter, and Sebastian Kampa. "The Influence of the Contact Geometry of Active Seating Systems on the Human Perception Threshold." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89880-9_53.
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T, Yuvapriya, and Lakshmi P. "Active Suspension Control of Full Car Model Using Bat Optimized PID Controller." In Artificial Intelligence Applications in Battery Management Systems and Routing Problems in Electric Vehicles. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6631-5.ch008.
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Long drives on bumpy roads and configuration issues like discomfort in seating arrangements have a harmful impact on the human body. The passengers experience severe health problems and stress-related issues. The full car model (FCM) with seven degrees of freedom (DOF) is considered for vibration control analysis. The aim of this work is to optimize the parameters of proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller by grey wolf optimization (GWO) and bat algorithm for betterment in the ride comfort of the passengers. A comparative analysis between the most commonly used PID controller and proposed optimized PID controller was executed over bump input (BI), ISO standard random input (RI), and sinusoidal input (SI) road profiles in MATLAB. Simulation results demonstrate that bat tuned PID (Bat-PID) controller enhances the ride comfort by decreasing the root mean square (RMS), frequency weighted RMS (FWRMS), and vibration dose values (VDV) of the body acceleration (BA) of the vehicle passing over BI, RI, and SI road profiles, which ensures the stability of the vehicle.
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Burkert, Anja. "Supporting Learner Autonomy in the University Classroom: A Personal Account." In 9. The Answer is Learner Autonomy: Issues in Language Teaching and Learning. Candlin & Mynard ePublishing Limited, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.47908/9/8.
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In this practice-oriented paper I will report on how I personally try to develop and promote the autonomy of my students in my English language classes at Graz University. I will begin by pointing out a number of constraints with which I am faced in my particular teaching and learning context, and which, at first sight, seem to rule out the establishment of a learner-centred classroom environment involving students actively in relevant decision-making processes. I will then discuss, in some detail, those aspects of a pedagogy for autonomy which I have been introducing over the years to encourage my students to take on a more active role in their learning: learner diaries, peer-reviewing sessions, a seating arrangement in groups of four, and self-evaluation tasks/progress checks before exams. I will also reproduce in my paper short extracts from learner diaries and peer-reviewed texts produced by my students, and an example of a self-evaluation task/progress check. I will conclude by stressing that for me personally the discovery of the concept of learner autonomy was an invaluable experience, influencing my whole approach to teaching and learning.
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Gowran Rosemary Joan. "Sustainable Solutions for Wheelchair and Seating Assistive Technology Provision: Presenting a Cosmopolitan Narrative with Rich Pictures." In Assistive Technology Research Series. IOS Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-304-9-290.
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In the wheelchair and seating assistive technology (WSAT) literature, sustainability concepts are beginning to emerge in relation to appropriate provision from design to follow up and management involving key stakeholder perspectives. A qualitative research design utilising a soft systems methodological framework which included organisational ethnography and critical participatory action research was chosen to study this complex system. The research process overall involved participant observation, individual interviews and a series of collaborative workshops. The process was made up of four main pillars. Pillar 2 as an example sought to understand stakeholder perspectives individually and collectively. This paper presents the first of a series of workshops which created rich pictures of wheelchair and seating provision representing collective experiences. Findings identified the complexity of the system and key areas for development to improve the flow of the overall provision. Specific concerns that were reported to exist related to individual and nationwide organisational roles, responsibilities and regulation which appeared to influence the disproportionate rhythm of the wheelchair and seating provision system. A better understanding is required to set the provision of WSAT for prioritisation at a public and policy level both nationally and internationally.
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Haigh, Thomas, Mark Priestley, and Crispin Rope. "Putting ENIAC to Work." In Eniac in Action. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262033985.003.0005.
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We begin with a discussion of the public launch of ENIAC in February 1946 as a carefully orchestrated scientific spectacle. We draw on oral history accounts and on archival sources, including seating plans, press releases, and records of the demonstration itself. We then consider ENIAC’s first year as an operational computer, during which its initial programming method was used on to run around a dozen applications at the Moore School. These are listed with brief discussion. We describe in some detail calculations performed by Douglas Hartree on supersonic airflow, the firing table calculations run as a public demonstration, and a mathematical experiment to detect prime numbers. These case studies integrate discussion of the various mathematical methods involved, the compromises and methods needed to adapt them for ENIAC, and the labor processes involved in running them on an often uncooperative machine in a chaotic environment.
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Saxby, Troy R. "For All My Bravado, Deeply Engrained Notions of Respectability Filled Me with Distress, 1926–1940." In Pauli Murray. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654928.003.0002.
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This chapter examines Pauli Murray’s early adult years. Murray relocated to New York City to complete high school and undergraduate study at Hunter College. The Great Depression severely disrupted her education, but also facilitated her tramping across the country, often passing as a teenage boy. Gender identity concerns and the social stigma around homosexuality led Murray to seek gender reassignment and contributed to mental health problems, which were also exacerbated by a fear of hereditary insanity. Work on New Deal projects led to immersion in the labor movement and an interest in communism. These influences, and Gandhian civil disobedience, inspired Murray’s groundbreaking contributions to nonviolent direct-action civil rights protests, which included challenging segregated education by applying to the University of North Carolina and being arrested for violating segregated bus seating.
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Asenbaum, Hans. "Becoming Assemblage." In The Politics of Becoming. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858870.003.0002.
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Abstract Democratic participation is often described in spatial terms. New forms of participation such as citizens’ assemblies or social movement gatherings are referred to as ‘democratic spaces’. Yet, it remains unclear what is spatial about this kind of democratic engagement. This chapter develops an in-depth conceptualization of democratic space and asks how the identities of participants are produced within these spaces. It brings together two strands of literature, combining insights from the study of physical sites of democratic engagement with studies that use the term ‘space’ in a metaphorical sense to conceptualize social and discursive interaction. Drawing on Hannah Arendt and Judith Butler’s work on the space of appearance and taking inspiration from new materialist thought, the chapter generates a concept of democratic spaces as assemblages consisting of material objects, sentient bodies, and performative expressions. The interaction between these components affords, restricts, and suggests possible action. The chapter draws on a variety of empirical examples including parliamentary buildings, the occupations of public squares, and the seating order in citizens’ assemblies to explore the effects of material, sentient, and performative space. Democratic subjects and their identities are simultaneously products and producers of democratic spaces. Spaces and subjects relate to one another in a dialectical manner so that alterations of identity trigger alterations of space and vice versa.
Conference papers on the topic "Active Seating"
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Hyncik, Ludek, Abbas Talimian, Jan Vychytil, Jan Kleindienst, Slim Gharbi, and Pantelis Ziazopoulos. "Injury Assessment in Non-Standard Seating Configurations in Highly Automated Vehicles Using Digital Twin and Active Learning." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0006.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Human-driven vehicles are going to be replaced by highly automated vehicles as one of the future mobility trends. Even though highly automated vehicles’ active safety systems can protect against vehicle-to-vehicle accidents, the traffic mix between human-driven vehicles and highly automated vehicles is still a potential source of vehicle collisions. Additionally, occupants in highly automated vehicles will be passengers not necessarily dealing with driving anymore, so there will be a considerable number of non-standard seating configurations. Those configurations are not able to be assessed for safety by hardware testing due to their number, variability and complexity. The objective of the paper is the development of a fast virtual approach to identify the passengers’ injury risk in non-standard seating configurations under multi-directional impact scenarios and severity. We deploy the concept of surrogate modeling, where we introduce a digital twin for the expected automated vehicle interiors. Non-standard seating configurations are represented by a simplified model of four seats located in the vehicle. These seats are occupied by a previously developed scalable human body model representing passengers of variable anthropometry. Thanks to the vehicle interior simplification and the hybrid human body model, thousands of simulations describing the impacts identified can be run. Based on the numerical simulations describing impact scenarios, a fast and lean artificial intelligence (AI) model actively learns a digital twin to approximate injury risk predictions for a huge number of possible crash scenarios fast. An impact scenario concerns a seating configuration occupied by up to 4 passengers (a seat can be empty) of variable height, weight, age and gender and crash direction and severity (velocity). Behind AI, the machine learning method uses supervised classifiers that are trained to predict injury severity based on the given input. There are 8 trained classifiers per passenger, each one for a body segment, where multi (predicting 4 injury severity levels) and binary (predicting injury or non-injury levels) classifications are compared. The machine learning accuracy is compared by the Mattheus correlation coefficient, where the presented digital twin AI approach reasonably approximates the numerical solution.</div></div>
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Mandala, Mahender A., Kenneth Lassman, and Kenneth J. Fischer. "Active Cushion Patterns and Alternating Inflation/Deflation Cycle Times Can Influence Seating Interface Pressures." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80902.
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Intermittent pressure relief has been recommended as a means to lower the risk of pressure ulcer (PU) development [1]. Continuous pressure over skin surface is one of the most significant factors, and in most cases the only requisite factor, that may result PUs. Thus, using an active seat cushion (i.e., a cushion that cyclically changes the area of exposure to pressure) seems like a logical strategy to lower the risk of PU formation in the chair-bound population.
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Chugo, Daisuke, Kenji Shiotani, Masaaki Yoshida, Satoshi Muramatsu, Sho Yokota, and Hiroshi Hashimoto. "Active seating support which reduces the pressure and share stress for a wheelchair user." In 2015 8th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2015.7170639.
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Shankara Murthy, Santosh, Praveen Srinivasa, Umesh CK, Shubham Patil, and Rahul Jois. "Occupant Positioning Study during Pre-Crash and Integrated Safety Restraint System." In International Automotive CAE Conference – Road to Virtual World. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-28-0002.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The primary purpose of the active safety feature is to reduce the danger of a collision between the car and an obstruction. To improve occupant safety, active safety systems must be included on all new vehicles; nonetheless, not all incidents are preventable. The frequency of incidents on the road has recently increased in tandem with the number of cars, making it critical to investigate the crashworthiness of a vehicle because human life is at the top of the priority list. This study examines an occupant's responses prior to a crash event, as well as studies into how occupant posture influences injury data.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Most of the existing research focuses on the pre-crash event or the occupant's optimal seated position. However, it is critical to understand an occupant's reflex or behavior during the pre-crash event, when the occupant is typically not in an appropriate seating posture due to the panic reflex. As a result, an occupant's reflex in a panic situation will change their seating posture, affecting their injury parameters. The study will be based on the finite element crash simulation methodology for accident situations in compliance with the FMVSS rules. A comparison of injury parameters between a typically positioned occupant and an out-of-position occupant is presented. As a part of future work, we can consider restraint system method for reducing injuries to an occupant in a crash. A parametric study of the restraint system can be performed to identify strategies to reduce occupant injuries. One such example is the crisscross seatbelt. Existing restraint system solutions can be fine-tuned based on occupant injury levels in various seating positions.</div></div>
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Tousignant, Todd, Geon-Seok Kim, David Trumpy, et al. "A Case Study Comparing Active vs. Passive Enablers for Vehicle Interior Noise Reduction." In Noise and Vibration Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1044.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The implementation of enablers on a luxury sport utility vehicle is used to illustrate the development process for reduction of road noise. The vehicle in this case study was launched into production with two tuned mass dampers for reduction of low frequency road noise content which was amplified by frame modes. Additionally, resonators were integrated into the wheels (rims) to address the dominant cavity resonance frequencies. The results of this successful production implementation are illustrated herein.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">An RNC (road noise cancellation) system was integrated into the case vehicle to assess its performance relative to the passive enablers listed above. This production representative (embedded software solution) RNC system utilized the vehicle’s existing audio system for creation of active noise to cancel noise content which was predicted using accelerometers mounted to the vehicle chassis.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A comparison of in-vehicle noise indicated a significant reduction at low frequencies (at all seating locations) when utilizing the active noise control solution. These noise improvements are coupled with a vehicle mass reduction of greater than 4 kg, when compared to the passive enabler solution.</div></div>
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Fei, Jing, Hang Qiu, Peifeng Wang, et al. "The Influence of out-of-Position Displacement during Emergency Braking on Occupant Whiplash Injury in Subsequent Rear-End Collisions." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-8720.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the pre-crash emergency braking scenario, the occupant inside the vehicle will move forward due to inertia, deviating from the standard upright seating position for which conventional restraint systems are designed. Previous studies have mainly focused on the influence of out-of-position (OOP) displacement on occupant injuries in frontal collisions, and provided solutions such as active pretensioning seatbelts (APS). But little attention has been paid to the influence of OOP on whiplash injury during a subsequent rear-end collision. To investigate the forward OOP impact on whiplash injuries and the effectiveness of APS in this accident scenario, a vehicle interior model with an active human body model (AHBM) was setup in the MADYMO simulation platform. Different braking strengths (0.8g and 1.1g), APS triggering times (from 0.2s before to 0.2s after the braking initiation) and pretensioning forces (from 100N to 600N) were input to the simulation matrix. The occupant’s forward OOP displacement prior to the rear-end collision and the corresponding whiplash injury metrics including neck shear force, tension force, and neck injury criteria (NIC) in the subsequent moderate rear-end collision were recorded. The simulation results indicated that: (1) The occupant’s whiplash injury metrics were positively linearly correlated with the pre-crash forward OOP displacement. (2) The APS could not fully eliminate the forward displacement brought by neck flexion, causing whiplash injury metrics to exceed the capping limits (upper bounds) defined in current vehicle safety assessment protocols like Euro-NCAP.</div></div>
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Winter, Amos G., Mario A. Bollini, Danielle H. DeLatte, et al. "The Design, Fabrication, and Performance of the East African Trial Leveraged Freedom Chair." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29096.
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The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a lever-powered, wheelchair-based mobility aid designed specifically for use in the developing world. Its drivetrain optimally converts upper body power in a wide range of terrains, giving the LFC operational capabilities that extend beyond those of currently available mobility products. In this work we present the design and analysis process used to create an LFC for trial in East Africa. All of the moving parts in the LFC are made from bicycle components and the entire chair can be fabricated without any machining processes. This allows the LFC to be manufactured for the same price as existing mobility aids and repaired anywhere in the developing world. Eight prototypes were produced in Kenya during August 2009, with six distributed to mobility aid users throughout East Africa. After four months of testing, the subject-averaged propulsion efficiency using the LFC was 20% greater than that of existing mobility products. Performance results and feedback from the subjects indicate that the LFC is ideally suited for active wheelchair users who require the seating and postural support of a wheelchair, and who desire to travel on rough terrain under their own power. Test subjects’ input was also used to codify future improvements to the LFC design, including narrowing the stance of the chair and lowering the rider’s center of gravity.
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Eichaker, Lauren, Rakshit Ramachandra, and John Bolte. "Analysis of Injury Mechanisms Within Lead-Vehicle Stopped Impacts: Implications for Autonomous Vehicle Behavior Design." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23611.
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Abstract Lead vehicle stopped crashes are a top contributor to traffic and health care expenditures out of NHTSA’s 37 pre-crash scenarios. It is important to better understand how these crashes occur, so that evolving autonomous vehicle technologies may be tailored towards injury mitigation in crash-imminent scenarios. Additionally, as autonomous vehicle technologies increase in prevalence and usage, out of position seating and distracted driving behavior may also increase. In order to analyze injury patterns in real-world lead vehicle stopped crashes, the public portal of Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN) was surveyed for lead vehicle stopped impacts. The review found that, of all the body regions, the thorax and lower extremity body regions frequently sustained AIS 3+ injuries (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, the upper extremity frequently sustained AID 3+ injuries in some scenarios. Steering wheel contact (often times through a deployed air bag) was the source of 62% of the thorax injuries and the knee bolster was the source of 76% of the lower extremity injuries. Truck impacts, and complicated crashes accounted for over 50% of the cases in the cohort. Automated vehicle behaviors have the potential to augment passive and active safety systems to potentially decrease the occurrence of AIS 3+ injuries by improving a vehicle’s response to lead vehicle stopped, crash imminent scenarios.
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Li, Tiantian, Jonathan Luntz, Diann Brei, Wonhee Kim, and Paul Alexander. "Hinged Tile-Based Air Surface for Morphing Windshield Cowling." In ASME 2022 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2022-91443.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The gap between the windshield and hood provides an opening for windshield wipers to operate, but can be problematic at other times, gathering leaves and snow. Active morphing approaches provide an opportunity to create a windshield cowling that addresses this issue by covering the gap normally, and actively curling out of the way to allow wiper operation. Most existing morphing techniques lack the simultaneous force/stroke generation, cannot perform two-way actuation, or fail to rigidly hold their position against varying loads such as wind. This paper introduces a useful curling air surface based on hinged T-shaped tiles that improves upon existing morphing technologies by adding straightening actuation to out-of-plane curling with large force and deflection, while also providing rigid position holding. An upper curling bladder encloses the hinged T-shaped tiles and pulls the T-protrusions together when vacuumed, causing the surface to curl. Lower straightening bladders span the hinge lines and pull the tiles flat when inflated. Through vacuum and inflation of the two bladders, the air surface covers and uncovers the gap against the wind load, and can hold its curled position rigidly using inter-tile hard stops. To predict the air surface performance, an air surface model is aggregated from multiple instances of a unit curling model that is derived from first principles with additional phenomenological terms. The validated model enables a scalable dimensionless design space visualization for general curling applications against loads, which is applied to design a windshield cowling. The resulting design is tested with its wind retention ability and built into a full-scale prototype windshield cowling operating on a sedan. This paper provides the technology concept and supporting model and design approach to more broadly apply this useful air surface architecture to applications in automotive (air dam, adaptive seating), aerospace (morphing wing), architecture (self-assembly shelters) and other domains.
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Rajakumaran, Sriram, Rohan Maruti Devan, Rahul Manekar, Vinod Babaleshwar, and Jasar Kunnanath. "Prediction of Involuntary Knee Engagement on Dashboard Controls to Prevent Potential Accidents for Drivers in a Passenger Car." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0010.
Full textAbstract:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Ergonomics plays an important role in safety, comfort, and convenience of occupants in passenger cars. Customers come in different sizes; have different preferences and exhibit different seating behaviors while driving a car. With sophisticated interior styling themes aimed at satisfying the increasing customer demands, dashboard packaging and its integration in the vehicle has become a challenging task. This has a deteriorating effect on the driver knee clearance since dashboard has penetrated more into cockpit area to house the complex integration. With drivers having significant workload, their postures are within a presumable range of prediction. However, there still exists ‘out-of-customary’ behaviors while driving a vehicle. Drivers tend to sit in a slouched posture, and this leads to an involuntary knee engagement resulting in activation of critical controls like EPB (Electronic Parking Brake). EPB is an Active Safety feature and on activating it, the vehicle stops immediately. If this is not an intended action, it will potentially result in an accident, especially when the vehicle is traveling at a high speed. Although there are several recommended measurement standards by SAE to measure the design intent of vehicle, these do not directly address the situation explained above. The aim of this research is to prevent the involuntary action of knee engagement with dashboard controls by analyzing driver knee clearance in correlation with the ‘out-of-customary’ behaviors and making necessary corrections in the early design phase of the vehicle. In this study, we represent ‘out-of-customary’ driver behavior in the form of a slouched posture for subsequent assessments. This ‘out-of-customary’ characteristic of driver become more pronounced in autonomous vehicles where driver workload is significantly reduced and there are lot more unconventional driver behaviors that are possible. We aim to arrive at a mathematical model that predicts involuntary knee engagement based on architecture parameters for a given vehicle and a given anthropometry. This model can be deployed in early design phase of a vehicle to develop dashboard metrics. This model will act as a guiding principle to specify the threshold knee clearance of driver necessary to avoid potential accidents arising due to ‘out-of-customary’ behaviors.</div></div>
Reports on the topic "Active Seating"
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Aerodynamic Development of the GAC ENO.146 Concept. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-5093.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the aerodynamic development process and features of the flow field of the GAC ENO.146, a concept vehicle shown in Guangzhou Auto Show 2019, which achieved a CD of 0.146. Key factors in the design process, including how design decisions are made and how the interactions occur between aerodynamicists and designers are explained in detail. The design language forms the next generation of BEVs. The aerodynamic development philosophy is guided by three principles: minimizing flow separation, maximizing rear pressure recovery, and controlling tire wake. This vehicle took full advantage of the unique 2-1-2-1 seating configuration that allowed a tapered tail design with a narrower rear track to further minimize the size of the rear recirculation zone, improving rear pressure recovery. In order to reduce induced drag, detailed studies on roofline and diffuser angles were conducted to develop the optimal combination, eliminating any loss of flow momentum. The diffuser design also served to eliminate flow separation caused by the rear wheels. In addition to that, active aerodynamic devices were employed to reduce interaction between freestream and wheelhouse air. A comparison was also made between ENO.146 and Aion S, a GAC production EV to illustrate future development potentials. Through the development of ENO.146, the aerodynamic development process of ENO.146 serves as a template for future projects, providing expertise and best practices of aerodynamic development for both engineers and designers.