Academic literature on the topic 'Activité anticorrosive'

In operation of gas turbine plants pollution of aerosol deposits of internal elements of gas-air tracks occurs. This leads to a significant consumption of their power, contributes to increasing energy costs, reducing the operational reliability of installations, through the activation of corrosion and erosion processes. The main requirements for the components of the washing composition are: high washing ability and low corrosion activity. The choice of anticorrosive ingredients for technical detergents provides for the absence of an effect on the effectiveness of the washing composition. One of the important characteristics of technical detergents is its corrosive properties. Exactly this indicator is relevant to the evaluation of the service life of the equipment, so it was the interest to study the dependence of the rate of corrosion on surfactants. The modification of the existing TD and the polyfunctional action ingredients introduced into their composition, which promote the inten-sification of complexing and anticorrosion properties has studied. Bibl.5, Fig.3, Table 1.

Recently, an increase in the production of intelligent nanomaterials has been reported for the application of solid surface coating. These nanomaterials provide a wide number of functionalities such as anticorrosive, antibacterial, and self-cleaning properties. Hence, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a green chemistry approach. These nanoparticles were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller test, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm. Then, a commercial enamel-type paint was modified by using different concentrations (2, 3.5, and 5 w/v%) of nanoparticles. These nanofilled paints were then brushed onto the surface of different types of materials such as carbon steel sheets, wood sheets, and aluminum disks. Anticorrosive, self-cleaning, and antibacterial properties of the nanofilled paints were evaluated, with the aim to determine the capability for this application. According to the characterization results, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles exhibited similar physicochemical properties compared to those synthesized using traditional methods. The anticorrosion results revealed that nanofilled paints provide a barrier using low concentrations of nanoparticles, due to the decrease of agglomerates on the surface avoiding the presence of high porosity. In the case of self-cleaning, a proposed mechanism of degradation demonstrated that the presence of both nanoparticles in the paint provided high degradation of methylene blue due to the high surface area offered by the nanoparticles. On the other hand, antibacterial activity under UV light was observed only for ZnO nanoparticles, which may be related to the diffusion of nanoparticles into the cell membrane of the bacteria, affecting the normal function. These results showed to be promising for the modification of paints with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles, and the application on solid surfaces for the construction, and even in textile fields.

Novel Schiff bases characterized through spectroscopic techniques and used as anticorrosive agents for aluminium alloy acidic medium. Electrochemical techniques and DFT studies were used to study inhibition effect and molecular interactions.

Plant extracts have shown promising corrosion inhibitive actions for different metals in diverse corrosive climate. In numerous studies, it has been demonstrated that corrosion inhibitive features of plant extracts are due to the presence of complex mixtures of phytomolecules in their composition. However, rare efforts have been made to identify those phytomolecules accountable for the activity of the extracts. Therefore, in this paper, several Matricaria aurea extracts were prepared and assessed for their anticorrosive actions for mild steel (MS) in corrosive media (1.0 M HCl). Among the tested extracts, the methanolic extract showing the utmost anticorrosive activity was selected and processed further to identify its active phytomolecules, which led to the identification of a novel green corrosion inhibitor, MAB (Apigetrin). Furthermore, the anticorrosive properties of MAB on MS were evaluated comprehensively involving gravimetric, linear polarization, Tafel plots, EIS, and techniques like SEM and EDS. These findings expose that MAB performs like a mixed-type inhibitor and conforms the isotherm of Langmuir adsorption model. Moreover, the MS surface via SEM techniques exhibits a remarkable advanced surface of the MS plate in the company of MAB. The outcome of results through electrochemical analysis and weight loss methods were in good consonance, which depicts remarkable inhibition properties of the novel green inhibitor MAB.

In this paper, the anticorrosive effects of two types of corrosion inhibitors (anodic inhibitors and cathodic inhibitors) on rebars immersed in the simulated concrete pore solution with 3.5%( wt) NaCl were studied by the static weight loss method . The results are as following: firstly, all of the inhibitors had an anticorrosive effect on the rebars and sodium nitrite performed best. Besides, the higher the concentration, the more obvious effect .Secondly, diethanolamine had the best performance in the cathodic inhibitors. Thirdly, sodium nitrite had a good coordination effect with diethanolamine instead of being used alone. In this way, it can exist synergy and reduce the activity of cathode and anode by the formation of consecutively protective film on the surface of the rebars.

One of the most promising classes of low-dosage hydrate inhibitors is anti-agglomerants, which are favorably characterized by high efficacy at very low working concentrations (0.1-0.5%). We have investigated the possibility of creating new anti-agglomerants with enhanced anticorrosive and bactericidal properties based on the quaternization of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine with (E)- and (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene isomers. It is well known that compounds with a 3-chloroprop-2-enyl fragment have a pronounced anticorrosive and bactericidal action. Thus, the presence in the quaternization products of isopentyl groups and 3-chloroprop-2-enyl fragments that are optimal for preventing agglomeration of the gas hydrates can contribute to the complex antihydrate, anticorrosive and bactericidal activity of these compounds. An attempt to conduct the alkylation of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine with (E)-1,3-dichloropropene in standard solvent – boiling ethanol for 3 days leads to a low yield of the target quaternary salt. Using chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was established that there are significant amounts of by-products in the reaction mixture, which are formed as a result of various nucleophilic substitutions and elimination reactions. Alkylation of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine in boiling acetonitrile proceeds faster and more selectively in 80% yield of (E)-3-chloro-N,N,N-tris(3-methylbutyl)prop-2-en-1-amminium chloride in 20 h. A quaternization with (Z)-1,3-dichlopropene under the same conditions gives an isomeric quaternary salt with a similar yield. The alkylation of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine with isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene proceeds without allyl rearrangement and with full retention of the configuration of the chlorovinyl fragment. The structure and purity of the obtained compounds was unambiguously confirmed by NMR spectroscopy data. Tests in rocking cells using tetrahydrofuran-water model systems (forming the structure sII similar to natural gas hydrates), gravimetric and microbiological methods showed high antihydrate, anticorrosive and bactericidal efficiency of the obtained compounds in concentrations of 0.5%.

Provided in this article are the quantitative and qualitative morphological results describing the action of several nanostructured surfaces for bactericidal and bacteriostatic action. Results are also provided to illustrate microbial corrosion and its impact. Biofilm formation is correlated to colony formation. Nanostructured surfaces, i.e. surfaces with welded nanoparticles are noted to display biocidal activity with varying efficacies. Porous nanostructures, on stainless steel and copper substrates, made of high purity Ag, Ti, Al, Cu, MoSi2, and carbon nanotubes, are tested for their efficacy against bacterial colony formation for both gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria. Silver and Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) nanostructures are found to be the most effective bactericidal agents with MoSi2 being particularly effective in both low and high humidity conditions. Bacteriostatic activity is also noted. The nanostructured surfaces are tested by controlled exposures to several microbial species including (Gram+ve) bacteria such as Bacillus Cereus and (Gram-ve) bacteria such as Enterobacter Aerogenes. The resistance to simultaneous exposure from diverse bacterial species including Arthrobacter Globiformis, Bacillus Megaterium, and Cupriavidus Necator is also studied. The nanostructured surfaces were found to eliminates or delay bacterial colony formation, even with short exposure times, and even after simulated surface abrasion. The virgin 316 stainless steel and copper substrates, i.e. without the nanostructure, always displayed rapid bacterial colony evolution indicating the lack of antimicrobial action. The efficacy of the nanostructured surface against colony formation (bacterial recovery) for E-Coli (two strains) and virus Phi 6 Bacteriophage with a host Pseudomonas Syringae was also studied. Preliminary results are presented that also show possible anti-fungal properties by the nanostructured MoSi2. When comparing antimicrobial efficacy of flat polished surfaces (no curvature or nanostructure) with nanostructure containing surfaces (high curvature) of the same chemistry, shows that bacterial action results from both the nanostructure size and chemistry.

La prolifération d’espèces invasives est un problème mondial. Après la pollution et la destruction des habitats, l’introduction d’espèces exogènes est une des principales causes de la disparition de la biodiversité animale et végétale dans le monde. La Corse n’est pas épargnée par le phénomène ; en effet, chaque année nous dénombrons de plus en plus d’espèces végétales introduites, potentiellement envahissantes et dangereuses pour l’écosystème insulaire. Si elles ne sont pas contrôlées, ces plantes peuvent rapidement gagner du terrain et s’installer durablement en raison de leurs facultés d’adaptation à divers écosystèmes.C’est dans ce contexte que nous sommes intéressés à quatre plantes de la famille des Astéracées considérées comme envahissantes : deux espèces du genre Xanthium (Xanthium italicum et X. spinosum) et deux espèces du genre Senecio (Senecio angulatus et S. inaequidens). L’objectif principal était d’initier une possible voie de valorisation de ces espèces par la production d’huile essentielle ; cela permettrait d’une part de limiter la dissémination et d’autre part, de générer un débouché économique.Par ailleurs, nous avons étendu ce travail à Limbarda crithmoides et à six espèces du genre Senecio poussant à l’état spontané en Corse. Une approche chimiotaxonomique réalisée à partir de 180 échantillons d’huiles essentielles du genre Senecio a conduit à différencier les espèces dites halotolérantes (S. aquaticus, S. transiens et S. cineraria) des espèces plus « terrestres » (S. vulgaris, S. angulatus, S. inaequidens, S. serpentinicola et S. lividus). L’étude de la variabilité chimique intraspécifique a permis de mettre en évidence des corrélations entre la composition chimique des huiles essentielles et le polymorphisme des taxons et/ou des facteurs édaphiques. L’étude du genre Senecio a également conduit à la caractérisation de deux nouvelles molécules, l’oxyde d’acétoxybisabolène et le 8-acétoxybisabolène 1,9-diol, isolées de l’huile essentielle de S. transiens (espèce endémique de Corse).D’un point de vue plus appliqué, les mesures des activités anti-radicalaires et anticorrosives des huiles essentielles ont démontré le potentiel de certaines espèces comme sources d’anti-oxydants naturels (notamment, Xanthium italicum et X. spinosum) mais aussi le pouvoir anticorrosif de la cacalohastine, isolée de l’huile essentielle de S. inaequidens (espèce invasive)
The proliferation of invasive species is a global problem. The introduction of exogenous species is after pollution and habitat destruction a major cause of the disappearance of the worldwide plant and animal biodiversity. Corsica is not spare to the phenomenon and every year there are numerous dangerous species which are introduced to the island ecosystem.In this study, we have studied four invasive species of Asteraceae (X. italicum, X. spinosum, S. angulatus and S. inaequidens) from Corsica. The aim of this study is to initiate a possible valuation pathway of these species by production of their essential oils. For this purpose, we investigated the chemical variability of each essential oil and their antioxidant and anticorrosive activities. Then we have extended our investigations to the others species of Senecio genus and to Limbarda crithmoides, anciently parented taxa.GC and GC/MS analysis allowed the identification of 107 and 74 components which accounted for 98.7 and 93.5% of the X. italicum and X. spinosum essential oils, respectively. Essential oils of X. italicum and X. spinosum were dominated by hydrocarbon monoterpenes (66.2%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (41.5%), respectively. The same metabolomic pathways seem occur for both species during the vegetative cycle of the plant: oxygenated sesquiterpene-production was higher during the flowering stage. Moreover the study of 25 sample oils of X. italicum and X. spinosum showed that the chemical variability of both essential oils could be linked to morphological characters.A comprehensive work on the chemical variability of 180 sample oils of Senecio was carried out and 251 components were identified. Among them, using mono and bi-dimensional NMR the structures of 8-acetoxybisabolene-1,9-diol and 8-acetoxy-1,9-oxobisabolene, two new components of S. transiens essential oil were described for the first time. Corsican Senecio species exhibited interspecies chemical variability: the halotolerant Senecio species (S. transiens, S. cineraria and S. aquaticus erraticus) were characterized by essential oils dominated by non-terpenic compounds while the so-called “terrestrial” Senecio species (S. angulatus, S. ineaquidens, S. lividus, S. vulgaris and S. serpentinicola) exhibited terpenic component-rich oils. The study of intra-species chemical variability highlighted direct correlations between the plant-production of secondary metabolites and the nature of soils on which S. lividus, S. vulgaris and S. transiens grows. Hence essential oil compositions and morphological polymorphism are indirectly related. In the same way, the chemical variability of S. cineraria essential oils seems to be linked to the geology of the soils while the oil diversity of the invasive S. angulatus, could be linked to the both spots of introduction on Corsica Island. In addition, an original chiral-gas chromatographic method was improved and applied to the main components of the essential oils in order to complement the chemical composition of the Senecio sample oils.Furthermore the originality of Corsican Limbarda crithmoides essential was highlighted by the occurrence of two p-cymenene derivatives, never reported in the related studies from literature. The investigation of 25 Corsican L. crithmoides focuses on a direct correlation between the water salinities of the plant locations and the chemical compositions of the essential oils.Finally the antioxidant activities, anti-free radical and reducing power, were measured on some essential oils of the studied species. Essential oils of the Xanthium genus appeared to be most effectives. In addition, anticorrosion properties of the essential oils were investigated and the best corrosion inhibiting activity was exhibited by those of S. inaequidens . Anticorrosion activity could be attributed to the cacalohastine, a naphtalofuranic component, isolated form the whole essential oil after column chromatography

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Corrosion is one of the serious problems faced in industrial processes, generating enormous financial losses. Several techniques are used to prevent or remedy corrosion in the different materials it affects. Among them, the use of organic or inorganic inhibitors has been widely used. Thus, in this thesis were synthesized 34 heterocyclic compounds, 18 chlorides of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamines, (11 unpublished), and the other 16 compounds belonging to the class of mesoionic 1,3,4-triazolium -2-thiolate, (15 unpublished), with the objective of evaluating its efficiency as inhibitors of corrosion in acidic corrosion. Derivatives of the class 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamines were obtained with satisfactory purity and yields in the range of 42-96% and, in the class of 1,3,4-triazolium-2-thiolates in 20 -97%. All compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The theoretical study was conducted using the SPARTAN-PRO program in the semi-empirical method with the Hamiltonian AM1, to determine its structural and electronic properties of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamines that could contribute to the efficiency of inhibition of corrosion. The compounds of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine class were tested against corrosion of AISI 1020 carbon steel in 0.5 mol L-1HCl and in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4. For this evaluation, the electrochemical techniques of Potenciodynamic Polarization (PP), Resistance to Linear Polarization (RPL) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used. The results showed significant percentages of corrosion inhibition in both acidic solutions, reaching the rate of up to 95% efficiency for the compound 4-phenyl-5-(3'-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine chloride in the concentration of 3.5x10-4 mol L-1 for the HCl solution, and 99% efficiency for the 2'-chloro and 2'-fluorosubstituted compounds in the concentration of3.5x10-4 mol L-1 for the H2SO4 solution. In addition to the electrochemical techniques, the gravimetric technique was used, which presented 99% of anticorrosive efficiency for the 2'-trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine derivative, showed the best inhibitory effect in HCl solution. However, the 2'-trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,3,4-triazolium-2-thiol derivative showed less corrosion efficiency than its corresponding isomer. The methodologies used to evaluate the corrosion activity (PP, RPL and EIE), including the theoretical evaluation by molecular modeling, indicated the mesoionic chloridrates as efficient mixed corrosion inhibitors.
S?ntese e avalia??o da atividade anticorrosiva de cloretos de 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-fenilaminas e 1,3,4-triaz?lio-2-tiolatos em meio ?cido. 2017. 251p Tese (Doutorado em Qu?mica, Ci?ncia exatas, s?ntese org?nica). Departamento de qu?mica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2017. A corros?o ? um dos s?rios problemas enfrentados nos processos industriais, gerando enormes preju?zos financeiros. Diversas t?cnicas s?o utilizadas para evitar ou remediar a corros?o nos diferentes materiais que ela afeta. Dentre elas o uso de agentes inibidores org?nicos ou inorg?nicos tem sido muito utilizado. Assim, neste trabalho de tese foram sintetizados 34 compostos heteroc?clicos, sendo 18 cloretos de 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-fenilaminas (11 in?ditos) e os outros 16 compostos pertencentes ? classe dos mesoi?nicos 1,3,4-triaz?lio-2-tiolato (15 in?ditos), com o objetivo de avaliar sua efici?ncia como inibidores de corros?o em meio ?cido. Os derivados sintetizados da classe 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-fenilaminas foram obtidos com grau de pureza e rendimentos satisfat?rios na faixa de 42-96% e, da classe dos 1,3,4-triaz?lio-2-tiolatos em 20-97%. Todos os compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de IV, RMN de 1H e13C. Foi realizado o estudo de modelagem molecular, utilizando o programa SPARTAN-PRO com o m?todo semi-emp?rico, hamiltoniano AM1, para determina??o das propriedades estruturais e eletr?nicas dos 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-fenilaminas que pudessem contribuir para a efici?ncia de inibi??o da corros?o. Os cloridratos mesoi?nicos da classe 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-fenilaminas foram testados frente ? corros?o de a?o carbono AISI 1020 em solu??o de HCl 0,5 mol L-1 e em H2SO4 0,5 mol L-1. Para tal avalia??o foram utilizadas as t?cnicas eletroqu?micas de Polariza??o potenciodin?mica (PP), Resist?ncia ? polariza??o linear (RPL) e Espectroscopia de imped?ncia eletroqu?mica (EIE). Os resultados mostraram percentuais significativos de inibi??o da corros?o em ambas solu??es ?cidas, alcan?ando o ?ndice de at? 95% de efici?ncia para o composto cloreto de 4-fenil-5-(3?-met?xi-fenil)-1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-fenilamina na concentra??o de 3,5x10-4 mol L-1 para a solu??o de HCl e, 99% de efici?ncia para os compostos 2?-cloro e 2?-fluor-substitu?dos na concentra??o de 3,5x10-4 mol L-1 para a solu??o de H2SO4. Al?m das t?cnicas eletroqu?micas, foi utilizada a t?cnica gravim?trica que apresentou 99% de efici?ncia anticorrosiva para o derivado 2?-trifluormetil-substitu?do da classe 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-fenilamina que mostrou o melhor efeito inibidor em solu??o HCl. No entanto, o derivado 2?-trifluormetil-substitu?do da classe 1,3,4-triaz?lio-2-tiol apresentou menor efici?ncia anticorrosiva do que seu is?mero correspondente. As metodologias utilizadas para avalia??o da atividade anticorrosiva (PP, RPL e EIE), incluindo a avalia??o te?rica por modelagem molecular, indicaram os cloridratos mesoi?nicos como eficientes inibidores de corros?o mistos.

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This dissertation presents the evaluation of four thiosemicarbazones, from extracts of species of vegetables Talinum triangulare, Physalis angulata e Theobroma cacao L. besides formulation obtained from the combination extract of thiosemicarbazones vegetables as corrosion inhibitor in the presence of carbon steel AISI 1020. Thiosemicarbazones were obtained with good level of purity, satisfactory throughput and identified by NMR of 1H and 13C. The watery extract of Talinum triangulare was obtained using ultrasound device. The extracts of Physalis angulata species were obtained by maceration in water and the other one in ethyl acetate. The watery extracts of Theobroma cacao L. species were obtained using ultrasound device and decoction and hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by maceration in ethanol:water (80:20). The thiosemicarbazones, the vegetable extracts and their formulation were tested in the presence of corrosion of carbon steel AISI 1020 in solution 1 mol. L-1 of HCl. For this evaluation it was used the gravimetric techinique of weight loss and electrochemical techiniques of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the presence of thiosemicarbazones, as well as, the formulation increased significantly the resistence of carbon steel AISI 1020 in acidic medium. The results obtained in different used essays (weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) show that these techniques are complementary in relation to the evaluation of corrosion inhibition. The best anti-corrosion efficiency was observed for thiosemicarbazone chloro and hydroxy-substituted and its formulations with the extract of T. triangulare achieving 88% and 87% of efficiency, by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively.
Nesta Tese ? apresentada a avalia??o de quatro tiossemicarbazonas, dos extratos das esp?cies vegetais Talinum triangulare, Physalis angulata e Theobroma cacao L., al?m de formula??es obtidas pela combina??o extrato vegetal:tiossemicarbazonas, como inibidores de corros?o frente ao a?o carbono AISI 1020 em meio de ?cido cloridr?co. As tiossemicarbazonas foram obtidas com bom grau de pureza, em rendimentos satisfat?rios e, caracterizadas por IV, RMN de ^1H e ^13C. O extrato aquoso de Talinum triangulare foi obtido em aparelho de ultrassom, os extratos da esp?cie Physalis angulata, foram obtidos sob macera??o em ?gua e o outro em acetato de etila; j? os extratos aquosos da esp?cie Theobroma cacao L. foram obtidos em aparelho de ultrassom e decoc??o e, finalmente, o extrato hidroalco?lico foi obtido por macera??o em etanol:?gua (80:20). As tiossemicarbazonas, os extratos vegetais e suas formula??es foram testadas frente ? corros?o de a?o carbono AISI 1020 em solu??o 1mol.L-1 de HCl. Para tal avalia??o foi utilizada a t?cnica gravim?trica de Perda de Massa e as t?cnicas eletroqu?micas de Polariza??o Potenciodin?mica e Espectroscopia de Imped?ncia Eletroqu?mica. Os resultados mostraram que a presen?a de tiossemicarbazonas, bem como, das formula??es aumentam significativamente a resist?ncia do a?o carbono AISI 1020 em ?cido. Os resultados obtidos nos diferentes ensaios utilizados (Perda de Massa, Polariza??o Potenciodin?mica e Espectroscopia de Imped?ncia Eletroqu?mica) mostraram que estas t?cnicas s?o complementares quanto a avalia??o da inibi??o da corros?o. A melhor efici?ncia anticorrosiva foi observada para as tiossemicarbazonas cloro e hidroxi-substitu?das e, para suas formula??es com o extrato da T. triangulare obtendo-se 88% e 87% de efici?ncia por espectroscopia de imped?ncia eletroqu?mica, respectivamente.

Ce travail de thèse est une contribution à la valorisation des écorces de l’orange « Maltaise demi-sanguine » tunisienne. L’objectif de ce travail est (i) d’étudier l’efficacité des différentes méthodes d’extraction en termes de teneurs en phénols totaux (PT), en flavonoïdes totaux (FT), en flavonoïdes individuels (FI) et en activité antioxydante des extraits et (ii) d’examiner l’effet inhibiteur de l’extrait contre la corrosion de l’acier en milieu acide et basique. Pour cela, cinq méthodes d’extraction ont été utilisées : l’extraction conventionnelle par solvant, ECS (éthanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35°C et agitation mécanique à l'obscurité, 3 extractions successives), l’extraction assistée par micro-ondes, EAM (éthanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 3 extractions successives, 180s, 67-108°C et 100-400W ou à 35°C), l’extraction assistée par ultrasons, EAU (éthanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35°C, 100-200W et 3 extractions successives), l’extraction sous haute pression, EHP (éthanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35°C, 0,1-100 MPa et 1 seule extraction) et l’extraction par CO2 supercritique, SC-CO2 (éthanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35-80°C/10-22 MPa et 3 extractions successives). Ce coproduit est riche en ingrédients fonctionnels comme les phénols totaux (1,968±0,002 g EAG/100g MS) et la vitamine C (0,105±0,003 g/100g MS). Dix flavonoïdes individuels (FI) ont été identifiés dans l’extrait des écorces de l’orange Maltaise. La néohespéridine (0,860±0,003 g/100g de poudre des écorces d’orange) et l’hespéridine (0,551±0,001 g/100g de poudre des écorces d’orange) sont les composés majoritaires. Les conditions opératoires d’extraction qui ont permis d’obtenir les teneurs les plus élevées en PT et FT sont 200 W, 76°C pendant 180s pour l’EAM, 125 W pendant 30 min à 35°C pour l’EAU, 80°C et 10 MPa pour l’extraction SC-CO2 et 50 MPa, 35°C pendant 30 min pour l'EHP. La comparaison des différentes méthodes d’extraction aux mêmes conditions opératoires (m/v:5g/50ml, éthanol 80%, 35°C, 3 extractions successives) montre que l’EAM présente les teneurs les plus élevées en PT et en FT, suivie par EAU, ECS, EHP et l’extraction SC-CO2, ainsi qu’en flavonoïdes individuels majoritaires. Cependant, la valeur de l’activité antioxydante n’est pas systématiquement corrélée à la teneur en phénols la plus élevée et elle diffère selon le test utilisé. Pour le test ABTS, l’activité antioxydante suit l’ordre décroissant suivant : EHP, ECS, SC-CO2, EAM, EAU, alors que c’est EHP, ECS, EAM, EAU, SC-CO2, pour le test DPPH. L’étude de l’effet anti-corrosion de l’extrait des écorces de l’orange Maltaise ainsi que ses composés antioxydants majoritaires (la néohespéridine, la naringine et l’acide ascorbique) a révélé une efficacité d’inhibition significative de la corrosion de l’acier par l’extrait des écorces d’orange (95%) par rapport à celle de ses composés antioxydants individuels : l’acide ascorbique (92%), la néohespéridine (87%) et la naringine (56%). Le potentiel anti-corrosion de l'extrait des écorces d'orange n’est pas due uniquement à l'activité antioxydante de ces composés mais probablement à des actions en synergie de différentes molécules et à la formation d'un film tridimensionnel de surface attribué à d’autres composés présents dans l’extrait comme la pectine
This work is a contribution to the valorization of “Maltease peel”. The objectives of this research are (i) to study the efficiency of different extraction methods in terms of total phenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), individual flavonoids (FI) and antioxidant activity of extracts and (ii) to examine the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acidic and basic medium by orange peel extract and its main antioxidant compounds. For this, five extraction methods were used: conventional solvent extraction, CSE (ethanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35°C, mechanical stirring in the dark and 3 successive extractions), microwave assisted extraction, MAE (ethanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 3 successive extractions, and 180s, 67-108°C, 100-400W or at 35°C), ultrasound-assisted extraction, UAE (ethanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35°C, 100-200W and 3 successive extraction), high-pressure extraction, HPE (ethanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35°C, 0,1-100 MPa and one extraction) and supercritical CO2 extraction, SC-CO2 (ethanol (80%), m/v: 5g:50ml, 30 min, 35-80°C/10-22 MPa and 3 successive extractions). This byproduct is rich in functional ingredients such as total phenols (1.96 ±0.002 g GAE/100g DM) and vitamin C (0.10±0.003 g/100g DM). Ten individual flavonoids (FI) were identified in the extract of Maltease orange peel. Neohesperidin (0.860±0.003 g/100g orange peel powder) and hesperidin (0.551±0.001 g/100g orange peel powder) are the major compounds. The operating conditions of extraction that have achieved the highest levels of total phenol and flavonoid contents are 200 W, 76°C during 180s for MAE; 125 W during 30 min at 35°C for UAE; 80°C and 10 MPa for SC-CO2 extraction and 50 MPa,35°C during 30 min for HPE. The comparison of the different extraction methods performed at the same operating conditions (m/v: 5g/50ml, 80% ethanol, 35°C, 3 successive extractions) shows that the MAE has the highest levels of TPC and TFC, followed by UAE, CSE, HPE and SC-CO2 extraction, as well as the major individual flavonoids. However, results concerning antioxidant activity cannot be correlated to TPC, TFC or individual flavonoids and it differs depending on the test used. Orange peel extracted by HPE presents higher radical scavenging capacity compared to extracts obtained by other extraction methods. Moreover, it can be noticed a significant decrease of the antioxidant activity measured by the ABTS method in the following order: HPE, CSE, SC-CO2, MAE, UAE, whereas, it is EHP, ECS, EAM, EAU, SC-CO2 extraction for DPPH test. The study of the anti-corrosion effect of the orange extract and its antioxidant compounds (neohesperidin, naringin and ascorbic acid) showed a significant inhibition effectiveness of the corrosion steel with orange peel extract (95%) relative to that of its antioxidant compounds: ascorbic acid (92%), neohesperidin (87%) and naringin (56%). The anti-corrosion efficiency of orange peel extract is not only due to the antioxidant activity of identified compounds, but probably also to a synergic effect of molecules and to the formation of a three-dimensional surface of the film. This film can be formed due to the presence of other compounds in the extract such as pectin

Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre du programme de Partenariat Hubert Curien (PHC Toubkal). L’objectif du projet consiste à élaborer des revêtements organosilicés par plasma froid d’azote pour la protection d’un acier contre la corrosion en milieu NaCl 3%. Dans ce contexte, un procédé permettant d’obtenir, à partir du 1,1,3,3-tétraméthyldisiloxane (TMDSO), un revêtement amorphe assisté par plasma froid micro-onde basse pression (PECVD) a été développé. Ce procédé permet le dépôt de films minces sans l’utilisation de solvant. Dans un premier temps, la mise en œuvre d’un plan d’expérience a permis l’optimisation de plusieurs paramètres expérimentaux tels que, le temps de dépôt, le débit d’azote, le débit d’oxygène, le débit du monomère (TMDSO) et la puissance du générateur micro-onde. La microstructure, l’adhérence, l’épaisseur, la mouillabilité ainsi que les propriétés anticorrosion des revêtements organosilicés ont été caractérisées en utilisant différentes techniques telles que FTIR, RMN solide, MEB, OCP, SIE,.... Ensuite l’effet du prétraitement de la surface de l’acier sur les performances anticorrosion des couches déposées a été étudié en utilisant la phosphatation amorphe, un plasma d’argon (Ar) ou un plasma d’azote (N2). Les résultats montrent une amélioration significative de la protection anticorrosion de l’acier lorsqu’un prétraitement par plasma d’azote (N2) est utilisé. Les caractérisations par EIS montrent que les propriétés anticorrosion des revêtements sont stables en fonction du temps. En effet, le module d’impédance à basse fréquence (0,01 Hz) reste largement supérieur en comparaison avec celui du substrat non revêtu même après plusieurs jours d’immersion dans NaCl 3%
This thesis was carried out within Hubert Curien Program (PHC Toubkal). The goal of the project consists in developing efficient coatings for corrosion protection of carbon steel. In this context, a process has been developed which allows to obtain organosilicon coatings from 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique. In this solvent free process, nitrogen plasma gas was used to deposit the thin films. One of the main advantage of plasma processes is the wide range of modifiable parameters that allows to control the characteristics of the growing films. Firstly, an experimental design was used to optimize several experimental parameters such as, deposition time, nitrogen flow rate, oxygen flow rate, monomer flow rate and microwave power. The microstructure, adhesion, thickness, wettability as well as the anticorrosion properties of the organosilicon coatings were characterized using different techniques such as FTIR, solid NMR, SEM, OCP, EIS, ...). Then, the effect of surface pretreatments on the anticorrosion performances of the deposited coatings was studied using amorphous phosphatation, argon plasma (Ar) or nitrogen plasma (N2). The results show that a significant increase in the corrosion protection performance when nitrogen plasma pretreatment is used. EIS characterizations give evidence that the barrier properties of the coatings remain very stable versus immersion time in the corrosive medium. Indeed, the impedance modulus values at low frequency (0,01 Hz) remain higher than that of uncoated steel even after several days of immersion in 3% weight NaCl