Academic literature on the topic 'Activités anthropiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Activités anthropiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Activités anthropiques"
Muller, Serge D., Fernand David, and Stéphanie Wicha. "Impact de l’exposition des versants et de l’anthropisation sur la dynamique forestière dans les Alpes du Sud (France)." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 54, no. 2 (October 2, 2002): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004857ar.
Full textSantsa Nguefack, C. V., R. Ndjouenkeu, and M. B. Ngassoum. "Impact anthropique sur la qualité métallique de l’eau du bassin versant de la Menoua et risque sanitaire." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 7-8 (July 2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/201907025.
Full textTra Jeannot, Tra Bi, Kouassi Kouadio Henri, and Keulai Minty Celestin. "Evaluation de l’Impact des Activités Anthropiques Sur la Séqustration de Carbone dans le Parc National Du Mont Sangbé, en Côte d‘Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 6 (February 28, 2023): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n6p367.
Full textLemaire, Nicolas, and Émilien Pelletier. "Un modèle de risque comme outil de gestion d’une aire marine protégée : l’exemple du parc marin du Saguenay–Saint-Laurent." Conservation et gestion 142, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1047155ar.
Full textRogombe, Laetitia Guylia, Aline Joëlle Lembe Bekale, Michel Mbadinga, and Jean Bernard Mombo. "Les facteurs anthropiques de la dégradation des mangroves d’Angondjé, Okala et Mikolongo au nord du Grand Libreville." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 24 (July 31, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n24p186.
Full textDufour, Simon. "Contrôles hydro-morphologiques et activités anthropiques dans les forêts alluviales du bassin rhodanien." Annales de géographie 654, no. 2 (2007): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ag.654.0126.
Full textMerhabi, F., H. Amine, and J. Halwani. "Evaluation de la qualité des eaux de surface de la rivière Kadicha." Lebanese Science Journal 20, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 10–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-020.1.010-034.
Full textKagambega, François. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la diversité ligneuse et la structure de Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. C.F. dans le Chantier d’Aménagement Forestier de Cassou (Burkina Faso)." Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 22 (December 20, 2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fvss.22.62.
Full textRouabhia, Abdelkader, Fethi Baali, Azzdine Hani, and Larbi Djabri. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux souterraines d'un aquifère en zone semi-aride." Sécheresse 20, no. 3 (July 2009): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/sec.2009.0199.
Full textAsslouj, Jaouad El, Sanae Kholtei, Namira El Amrani-Paaza, and Abderrauf Hilali. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux souterraines de la communauté Mzamza (Chaouia, Maroc)**." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2007): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016505ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Activités anthropiques"
Momo, Solefack Marie Caroline. "Influence des activités anthropiques sur la végétation du Mont Oku (Cameroun)." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED013.
Full textMount Oku, situated in north-west Cameroon, supports the largest remnants of the Central African montane forest habitat, which is considered as a biodiversity hotspot, hence is undergoing strong species loss. Our objective was to quantify changes in the land cover of Mount Oku over the last four decades, in order to assess the causes of forest regression and to evaluate the future of the forest on this site. We also describe a variation in plant species composition and richness along an altitudinal gradient, that were subsequently linked to environmental changes. For this purpose, we compared changes in land cover, using Landsat satellite images acquired in 1978, 1988 and 2001. Then 102 sample plots were randomly set up in forest fragments along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 1800 m to 2749 m. Although remnant forests were naturally protected by elevation and slope, they lost 62. 1% of their area between 1978 and 2001, corresponding to a mean deforestation rate of 579 ha. Year-1. Deforested lands have been replaced by crops or savanna, while few secondary forest recolonizations occurred. New farmland has extended rapidly to fulfill the demands of an increasing population density. Our study also revealed that it is difficult to disentangle the effects of altitude and human activities on vegetation because these two factors are inextricably linked and form a single gradient with antagonistic effects at the extremes. Human activities and natural vegetation belts were organized with respect to the altitudinal gradient: the summit of Mount Oku supported the largest, oldest forest fragments; while areas of low altitude have experienced intense deforestation to provide agricultural land and supported disturbance-related plant communities. However, human activities altered plant assemblages. Even old-growth forests contained species indicative of human presence (due to grazing, fire or former cultivation). Some pioneer species assemblages were very heterogeneous and their altitudinal distribution has spread
Lavie, Emilie. "Activités anthropiques et qualité de l'eau dans l'oasis de Mendoza (Argentine) : diagnostic, enjeux et durabilité." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416438.
Full textRabdeau, Juliette. "Impacts des activités anthropiques sur le comportement et les traits d’histoire de vie d’une espèce patrimoniale." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS032.
Full textThe decline of populations for many animal species in the last century has been linked to anthropogenic activities. The species overexploitation or even habitat fragmentation are the major causes but other human activities may have more subtle effects on animals and indirectly may impact their survival and reproduction. Anthropogenic disturbance represents any disruption due to human presence, anthropogenic objects or noise that induce stress for animals. Animal behaviour and physiology linked to life-history traits could be affected by this disturbance but differently among individuals from a same population depending on their personality. In this way, the anthropogenic disturbance may contribute to the population decline. The Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus) is a flagship species that nests on the ground in cereal crops exposing it to agricultural practices, recreative activities and anthropogenic noise. Moreover, the population monitoring on the study site, the Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre, involves several nest visits and repeated measures on chicks that may induce a disturbance. My thesis work has been focused on the impacts of human activities and infrastructures on the behaviour and life-history traits of Montagu’s harriers and how these impacts may vary depending on behavioural inter-individual differences within the population. Through an experimental approach, a sensitization phenomenon has been highlighted in chicks handled by the same experimenters over repeated nest visits. Thereafter, male and female boldness (personality and plasticity) was characterized. A positive assortative pairing pattern for boldness was highlighted within the population. However, this pattern did not provide fitness benefits which questions about its origin. This result suggests that other process than sexual selection could explain the pairing pattern. Then, the parental association in boldness has been linked to prey provisioning from pairs, and to nestling body and physiological conditions. Less plastic pairs in boldness provided a higher proportion of insects to their offspring that could explain greater carotenoids concentrations found for their chicks. Any effect of behavioural similarity within pairs has been shown on nestling quality. Finally, Montagu’s harrier nests were differently distributed in relation to infrastructures depending on female boldness. Shy females would avoid more buildings through nest site selection than bold females. This difference in spatial distribution of phenotypes could result in the positive pairing pattern. The path density around nest negatively affected the reproductive success regardless of female boldness. This result needs further investigations to identify the disturbance nature and limit its effects. This thesis work provides some answers on the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic disturbance and allows questioning certain practices in the population monitoring to improve them. Finally, the assessment of disturbance effects depending on inter-individual differences is essential to better understand the consequences on population dynamic
Pansu, Johan. "Impacts des activités anthropiques sur la biodiversité : une approche spatiale et temporelle par analyse de l'ADN environnemental." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV058/document.
Full textMost ecosystems undergo an increasing anthropogenic pressure. Studies about the effects of human activities on biodiversity are proliferating but they focus on few taxonomical groups, mainly for methodological reasons. The originality of this work is based on the application of an approach based on environmental DNA that allows access to the biodiversity as a whole. It was used here to study the impact of anthropogenic activities on biological communities and the resilience of these latter, across different spatial and temporal scales. In the first part, edaphic communities under the influence of several human disturbances were characterized from soil DNA. These studies, performed in various environments, bring out the direct impact of human activities and their influence on biotic and abiotic parameters driving spatial distribution of soil biodiversity. In the second part, long-term impact of human activities was investigated through the analysis of lake sediments in the Alps. DNA from lacustrine sediments allowed to reconstruct livestock farming history over the Holocene and environmental changes that they induced in the catchment. We showed that this approach was relevant to study both changes generated by human disturbances on communities and factors driving their dynamics. Our results highlight the long-term impact of anthropogenic activities on biological communities, in relation to the alteration of environmental characteristics
Guo, Chuanbo. "Modélisation des effets des changements climatiques et des activités anthropiques sur les assemblages des poissons des lacs en Chine." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2333/.
Full textKnowledge of the spatial distribution of species and communities in ecosystems is an essential prerequisite for the understanding of ecosystem functioning and processes as well as conservation and spatial planning issues. During the last several decades, in the context of global change, climate change and anthropogenic activities have long been acknowledged as the two main determinants which drive the fish diversity and distributions patterns, and ultimately affect the aquatic ecosystem properties and structure. However, up until now, very few efforts aimed at the fish diversity and ecosystem in the lakes across China. Consequently in the present study, we contribute to highlight the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and distribution patterns as well as the ecosystem properties with the approach of several ecological modelling. Specifically, we first build the global perspective on the fish distribution and assemblage patterns for a total of 425 fish species (subspecies) in 135 lakes across China using a novel multi-species approach fitted by the Multivariate Regression Tree (MRT). Five fish assemblages were defined by the constrained clustering, 107 indicator species were thus identified. Species diversity showed significantly differences among each assemblage: fish species richness in plateau lakes was significantly lower than plain lakes; however the diversity of the whole assemblage in plateaus was higher than other regions. Altitude, minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual temperature range and precipitation during the driest month were found to be the most important determinants affecting fish assemblages and distribution patterns in Chinese lakes. Then, MRT model was used to predict both species richness and species distribution in order to improve the management and conservation of fish species in China. Our results showed that MRT is a reliable and ideal community-based predictive technique for multi-species prediction. At the species composition level, altitude was the main determinant for the prediction, followed by precipitation of the driest month, temperature annual range and annual mean temperature. While at the richness level, precipitation of driest month, maximum temperature of warmest month and lake area were the main drivers for the prediction of the fish species richness pattern. Thirdly, we examine the capacity and uncertainty of ensemble modelling in predicting fish species distribution and diversity. Potential impacts from two main kinds of uncertainty sources were thus considered: species characteristics (contained species prevalence, altitude range, temperature range and precipitation range) and model techniques (calibration technique and evaluation technique). Finally, our results highlight that predictions from single SDM were so variety and unreliable for all species while ensemble approaches could yield more accurate predictions; we also found that there was no significant influence on the model outcomes from the evaluation measures; we emphasized that species characteristics as species prevalence, altitude range size and precipitation range size would strongly affect the outcomes of SDMs, but temperature range size didn't show a significantly influence; our findings finally verified the hypothesis that species distributed with a smaller range size could be more accurately predicted than species with large range size to be plausible in aquatic ecosystems. Lastly, a case study focused on evaluating the lake ecosystem properties and foodweb structure as well as the effects in a typical shallow macrophytic lake (Bao'an Lake, distributed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin), using the Ecopath model. Finally, the results showed that all the commercial fish suffered from high fishing pressure while forage resources such as attached algae, submerged plants and molluscs were not fully utilized. Moreover, we highlight that the Bao'an Lake ecosystem was a mature system according to Odum's theory. However when compared with some other lake ecosystems, the Bao'an Lake ecosystem, as well as some China lake ecosystems, showed extremely low values of CI (Connectance Index), FCI (Finn's Cycling Index) and SOI (System Omnivory Index), indicating that the ecosystem functions and food web structure of these Chinese lake tended to be simpler and linear than lake ecosystems in other countries. Consequently, this study indicated an urgent need for the adjustment and management of artificial fishery stocking in such type of lakes. Our present study have pictured the global perspective of lake fish diversity and distribution patterns in China, defined the main determinants, and examined the potential effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and ecosystem properties. Our results will benefit the conservation and management of fish resources, biodiversity, as well as the lake ecosystems all over the world
Bernard, Maud. "Les habitats rocheux intertidaux sous l'influence d'activités anthropiques : structure, dynamique et enjeux de conservation." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720611.
Full textAssad, Mohamad. "Transfert des éléments traces métalliques vers les végétaux : mécanismes et évaluations des risques dans des environnements exposés à des activités anthropiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD006/document.
Full textMetal trace element (HME) -free residues from industrial activities represent a potential risk of environmental pollution. These tailings dumps require a stabilization of the ETMs to limit their dispersion by air, soil, and streams, and ultimately their transport to initially uncontaminated areas. This stabilization can be achieved by adequate plant cover. This thesis work focused on 3 experimental sites, which have as common point to be contaminated sediment storage areas or industrial effluents loaded with ETMs. The general objective of this thesis work was to study the transfer and storage modes of ETMs to the aerial parts of plants grown on soils from these experimental sites. The first objective concerned a discharge of effluents (Inovyn), resulting from the electrolytic activity of the Solvay (Tavaux) plant and enriched in Hg. The Hg, because of its low boiling point, is easily transferred from the sediments to the atmosphere in the form of volatile compounds. Thus, the vegetal cover of this lagoon is exposed by its aerial biomass to the volatile compounds of Hg, but also by the rhizosphere to the Hg compounds present in the substrate. In this work, several plant species of the Salicaceae family (poplar) and Solanaceae (pepper, tomato, aubergine, and tobacco) were exposed to Hg in pot experiments, with simple exposure to a Hg-enriched atmosphere. , or double exposure to Hg-enriched soil and atmosphere. In all cases, transfer of Hg into the leaves occurs only by air, and accumulation increases significantly with leaf age. We also found that the Hg content of the Solanaceae fruit was about 100 times lower than that of the leaves, thus limiting the risk of exposure to Hg through their consumption. We have also shown that a small proportion (7%) of the Hg is in the form of methylHg in poplar leaves, and that 16 to 26% of the Hg accumulated in pepper or poplar leaves were bound to soluble proteins. The second objective concerns the Thann (Cristal) and Fresnes sur Escaut (VNF) sites, for which we have studied the transfer of ETMs to vegetable species, in order to mimic the impact of these contaminants on vegetable garden crops. Poplar has also been used as a reference species. The amounts of fresh mass of the edible parts to be ingested to reach the daily dose were calculated for each MTE. Only Cd (Fresnes) and Cr (Thann) presented a potential risk, since they accumulate in the consumable parts of these plants at high levels. It should be noted, however, that these experiments were conducted in scenarios where exposure conditions were maximized. The transfer of ETMs (including Cd and Zn) to poplar has confirmed previous studies, highlighting the importance of appropriate management of the biomass produced at such sites. From an ecological point of view, the work of this thesis confirms the importance and the necessity of the revegetation of the sites contaminated by ETMs in order to limit the dispersion of the dust, and consequently the ETMs around. From a health point of view, the work emphasizes the importance of estimating the specific risk related to the ingestion of vegetable species of interest regularly grown by the inhabitants around the sites potentially emitting ETMs, generating a link between species and accumulated ETMs. This work therefore provides a number of elements for understanding the fate of ETMs and in particular the Hg in the soil / plant system and the risks associated with the ingestion of the edible parts of potentially contaminated cultivated plants
Rosset, Thomas. "Transfert de carbone organique des tourbières vers les eaux de surfaces : quantification, identification des mécanismes de contrôles et détermination de l'influence des activités anthropiques locales." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0103.
Full textPeatlands are a type of wetlands covering 3% of the continental areas. They store approximately 20% of the global soil organic carbon and therefore they are considered as a major source of organic carbon for inland waters. In mountainous areas, peatlands are relatively small, scattered and they may be under the influence of local anthropogenic activities. Until now, harsh mountainous climatic conditions have limited biogeochemical investigations in these remote areas but recent improvements in optical technologies make high frequency monitoring of stream organic concentration possible. This thesis aimed at quantifying the exports of organic matter and identifying the parameters that control these exports at the outlet of peatlands in mountainous watersheds influenced by local anthropogenic activities. To investigate these parameters, two peatlands in the French Pyrenees were monitored on several hydrological cycles at a high frequency (30 min). Quantification work showed that floods controls the export of organic carbon from peatlands and that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was the main form exported. Depending on annual discharge, peatland DOC specific fluxes varied drastically [16.1 ; 35.9] g.m².yr-1 but they remained consistent with the fluxes measured in Northern lowland peatlands. Moreover, peatlands appeared as the main source of DOC (>63%) of these headwaters. In contrast with the exports, DOC concentration variability was not driven by discharge. Peaks in the times series revealed that peat soil temperature and water table fluctuations were the main drivers of the DOC concentration variability. Water recession times were calculated from water table time series and helped to improve stream DOC concentration models. In addition, the water recession times seemed to be a useful quantitative parameter to describe the hydrological heterogeneity of peatland complexes. Anthropogenic influence (prescribed burning and forest clearing) was difficult to disentangle from climatic influence driving stream organic exports from peatlands at the two Pyrenean experimental sites. However, these observations were completed by a global literature review reporting that DOC specific fluxes were 30% stronger in peatlands impacted by anthropogenic activities. This thesis has underlined the need to monitor more peatlands at a high frequency in order to determine more accurately their role in the global carbon cycle. All of the results confirmed that organic carbon exports are a crucial parameter in the carbon balance of peatlands. They also confirmed the influence of peatlands on the chemistry of inland waters, especially in areas subject to local anthropogenic disturbances
Rambaud, Maëlle. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la dynamique et l’état de conservation d’un habitat naturel : exemple de la chenalisation des Rivières à renoncules (UE 3260)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0024.
Full textFrance must assess the state of conservation of its natural habitats in reply to Directive Habitats. We therefore looked at the impact of pressures such as channelization, on physico-chemistry and on 3 communities (birds, plants, invertebrates) of the habitat EU 3260, or “Streams with Water Crowfoot”. 17 reaches (6 control/11 channelized) in 4 rivers, were monitored seasonally in 2006-07. Channelization led to physical changes of the habitat in several spatial scales: reach, riffle-pool sequence, and microhabitat. For the 3 communities, richness was lower in channelized reaches than in control reaches. Dominant taxa were ubiquitous and resistant. Plants was an informative community because they reacted to the 3 spatial scales. Adaptive strategies of plant taxa were more diverse in channelized reaches due to the modifications of the dynamic of the EU 3260 habitat. Our study clears tools and measurements of management to preserve the state of conservation of the habitat EU 3260
Bernard, Maud. "Les habitats rocheux intertidaux sous l'influence d'activités anthropiques : structure, dynamique et enjeux de conservation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0010.
Full textRecreational and professional activities are intensifying on the rocky intertidal. The overturning of boulders and the trampling associated with human activities, have consequences on the structure and dynamic of rocky intertidal communities. Through the identification of species and descriptors that respond more to the disturbances “trampling of mediolittoral rock platforms” and “the overturning of low eulittoral boulders by hand-fishermen”, SMART indicators (Simple, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time limited indicator) can be created for the assessment of the conservation status of these habitats. The effects of trampling were tested with control approach. Experiments in situ underlined very complex interactions between species during the ecological processes of degradation of biocenoses. High thresholds of disturbance were also observed. They were particularly related to the protection played by structuring brown algae on other species. The study of boulder’s overturning highlighted a step of almost total mortality of fixed or low mobile organisms that live on upper or lower surfaces of boulders. Results also showed a low resilience of the habitat. The use of appropriate reference situations and of the most sensitive species to the boulder’s overturning, led to the creation of two ecological indicators. Declined to two different spatial scales, they may be applied routinely by scientists and managers of marine protected areas
Book chapters on the topic "Activités anthropiques"
"Chapitre 12 - L’interaction des activités anthropiques avec la biosphère." In Biosphère et chimie, 203–16. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1698-9-017.
Full text"Chapitre 12 - L’interaction des activités anthropiques avec la biosphère." In Biosphère et chimie, 203–16. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1698-9.c017.
Full textGassiot, Ermengol, Albert Pèlachs, Marie-Claude Bal, Virginia Garcia, Ramon Julià, Ramon Pérez, David Rodríguez, and Anne-Charlotte Astrou. "Dynamiques des activités anthropiques sur un milieu montagnard dans les Pyrénées occidentales catalanes durant la Préhistoire : une approche multidisciplinaire." In Archéologie de la montagne européenne, 33–43. Publications du Centre Camille Jullian, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pccj.174.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Activités anthropiques"
OUELHAZI, Hassen, Rachida TALBI, Malika METHAMEM, and Abedelkrim CHAREF. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la qualité des sédiments du littoral de Rades Sud-Est (Tunis)." In SANNIER L., LEVACHER D., JOURDAN M. (2009). Approche économique et validation de méthodes de traitements aux liants hydrauliques de sédiments marins contaminés. Revue Paralia, n° 2, pp s2.1– s2.15. Editions Paralia, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/cmcm.2009.054-1.
Full textRAISSOUNI, Ahmed, Mohammed RAISSOUNI, Zakariyae DJEBARY TAHIRI, Saïda BOUZID, Abdelkrim EL ARRIM, and Hassan ER-RAIOUI. "Evaluation des polluants métalliques dans le bassin de Martil (Maroc nord occidental). Mobilité et impact des activités anthropiques." In Conférence Méditerranéenne Côtière et Maritime - Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference. Editions Paralia, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/cmcm.2011.080.
Full text