Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activités dirigées'
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Chatoney, Marjolaine. "Construction du concept de matériau dans l'enseignement des "sciences et technologie" à l'école primaire : perspectives curriculaires et didactiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10083.
Full textBun, Sylvie. "Evolution dirigée d'un fragment d'anticorps à activité beta-lactamase." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1818.
Full textBeta-lactamases and Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) are two enzymes families whose roles are different but for wich the hypothesis of an evolution from a common ancestral gene is now widely accepted. However, the evolutionary pathway between these two families of proteins is not yet fully elucidated. PBPs are involved in the synthesis and remodeling of the peptidoglycan composing bacterial cell wall. Beta-lactamases are responsible for certain bacterial resistance to antibiotics and raise as such numerous studies to develop inhibitors of this enzymatic activity. The purpose of this study is to force evolution of an anti-idiotypic antybody fragment endowed withi a beta-lactamase activity, scFv 9G4H9, in order to further study structure-function relationship of a beta-lactamase activity and to understand the linkage between beta-lactamases and PBPs. Directed evolution of phage displayed scFv 9G4H9, allowed to isolate a mutant named H29 which residue I181 was replaced by threonine. Its activity is apparently improved. The second part concerns the possibility of regulating the beta-lactamase activity by peptides. The cyclic peptide Pep90 (CYHFLWPC), selected on antibody 9G4H9, inhibits competitively the activity of beta-lactamase (Ki = 333 µM). The peptidomimetic derivatives, named Pep90-WAza and Pep90-PD retain capacity to inhibit the enzyme with similar Ki values compared to that of the peptide model. Thus, Pep90, in its natural form or derivative, appears as a promising model for the design of molecules for antibiotherapy application
Ignanga, Bouassa Guy Christian. "L'acquisition de la réflexivité en orthographe syntaxique chez les élèves de cinquième année primaire au Gabon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0145.
Full textThe language of instruction in the Gabonese education system is French. The learning of this language is based on several subjects including spelling which is our object of study. Unfortunately, we note that the pupils experience difficulties in learning this subject. We observe an exponential increase in errors in the written productions of learners of the fifth year of primary education in Gabon. The exploratory survey indeed reveals that the pupils encounter difficulties with regard to the application of the orthographic rules. The primary aim of this research is to identify and classify spelling errors based on the typology of Nina catch (1980). The test dictation shows that the writers of the fifth year primary classes make a multitude of errors in terms of written productions. Our research focused on a sample of 226 fifth grade primary learners from eight classes. It appears that syntactic spelling is the major difficulty that poses a problem. Furthermore, at the end of the organization of the graphic negotiation workshops, we noted a development of spelling skills among pupils of the fifth year of primary education in Gabon. The success rate recorded is based on the exchanges that took place within the groups. Verbal interactions have led to socio-cognitive conflicts and a chang in representations among learners. As a result, the percentage of errors has decreased for scripters
Jarrin, Annie. "Manipulation génétique des anticorps : analyse moléculaire d'anticorps dirigés contre la glycoprotéine plaquettaire alpha 2b, beta 3 génération, à partir de banques d'expression d'immunoglobulines à la surface de bactériophages, d'anticorps dirigés contre la VE-cadhérine." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10176.
Full textTravé, Gilles. "Etude fonctionnelle de l'annexine I par mutagenèse dirigée." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30183.
Full textGoulet, Marie-Claire. "Évolution adaptative des cystatines végétales et modulation de leur activité inhibitrice par mutagenèse dirigée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24509/24509.pdf.
Full textBrindel, Isabelle. "Caractérisation d'IgM monoclonales humaines à activité autoanticorps dirigée contre des constituants du système nerveux." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2342.
Full textJEHAN, NATHALIE. "Activite anti-mycoplasmique de peptides membranotropes et d'anticorps diriges contre des lipoproteines membranaires." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1S048.
Full textHerga, Sameh. "Relation structure-fonction de l'acylase I et de l'aspartoacylase : implication pathologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30022.
Full textAcylases are enzymes which hydrolyze acylamino acids releasing a free amino acid and an acidic group. Different types have been described according to the substrate. We studied kidney rat acylase I (rr-ACYI), human acylase I (ACYIh) and human aspartoacylase (ASPh). The proteins were expressed as recombinant proteins using the E. Coli prokaryotic system. We showed that any cysteine residue was implicated during the catalysis phenomenon and that D82 belonging to the H80xD82x’ motif is to ensure a proper protonation of H80 residue implicated in zinc coordination. For the first we described a novel inborn error of metabolism with ACYIh deficiency. By site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated that R353C mutation observed in the patient was responsible for enzyme deficiency, in correlation with mRNA level. Finally, we confirmed that ASPh, an enzyme involved in the Canavan disease, is a zinc metalloenzyme. H21, E24 and H116 were characterized as amino acids implicated in the metal coordination and that are in the vicinity of the catalytic E178
Mellot, Patrice. "Étude des relations structure-activités de la méthionyl-tARN synthétase d'Escherichia coli par mutagénèse dirigée de son gène." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112399.
Full textNeveu, Cindy. "Contribution à l'étude des relations structure-activité du neuropeptide 26RFa et des interactions avec son récepteur, le GPR103 : approches in silico, in vitro et in vivo." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES009.
Full textMoussaoui, Myriam. "Relations structure-fonction-dynamique des flavohémoglobines de bactéries pathogènes et non pathogènes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS034.
Full textFor some pathogens, flavohemoglobins (FlavoHbs) play an important role in the defense of microorganisms by conferring them a resistance against nitrosative stress generated by the immune system cells. Since these protein are absent in human, several studies have been conducted in order to understand the functioning of these proteins at the molecular level, considering them as potential attractive targets for selective inhibitors. Their inactivation results a loss of virulence. Chemical compounds such as azole derivatives have been identified as being capable of inhibiting their enzymatic function and thereby affecting the bacterial virulence factors. If these compounds are widely used in the treatment of invasive fungal skin infections, their potential antibacterial activity is not yet operated.Typically, flavoHbs are composed of three domains: an N-terminal globin domain which harbors a single heme b and a C-terminal ferredoxin reductase-like FAD- and NAD-binding module. The crystallographic structures of flavoHbs show that these proteins are able to adopt different conformations depending on the nature and the presence of heme ligand but also depending on different organisms they are coming from. The different conformations are characterized by a rigid body motion of one of the three domains. We have undertaken in this work, the study of the Staphyloccocus aureus flavoHb, poorly studied in the literature, and compared it to the Ralstonia eutropha flavoHb (non pathogenic bacteria) to provide new and more specific information on behaviors of these proteins derived from pathogens.This PhD work describes first the functional and biochemical characterization of the S. aureus flavoHb. Due to the lack of its crystallographic structure, a theoretical structural model was designed based on the strong sequence homology between the amino acid sequence of S. aureus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for which the 3D structure was recently determined. We hypothesized that the relative movement of protein domains could be a way to regulate its enzymatic activity by controlling the substrate accessibility. The Phe396 residue (nomenclature according to R. eutropha), suggested by the structural data to play an important role in the enzyme functioning, but also in the equilibrium between different conformations, was substituted by the Ala or Serine amino acids. The effects of the punctual mutations were investigated with respect to the enzyme functioning and biochemical properties. The mutations effect on the internal electron transfer between flavoHbs cofactors (heme and FAD) was also studied by spectroscopic techniques. This work showed that the impact of Phe substitution on the enzymatic properties is different, depending the considered flavoHb and revealed an additional binding site for other substrate than the native one. The effects of azole derivative inhibitors and also quinones and nitroaromatic compounds have been studied on native and genetically modified enzymes functioning. The latter compounds may act as the ‘subversive substrates’ for flavoHb, converting its protective functions into the cytotoxic ones.Taken as a whole, this work showed that, although the protein structures and sequences are similar, the flavoHbs from different bacteria may behave differently towards an identical mutation, an identical inhibitor and could display different catalytic cycles
Blanchette, François. "Production d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les cellules Kurloff de cobaye et activité cytotoxique des sous-populations de cellules Kurloff." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/12055.
Full textFautrelle, Lilian. "Flexibilité du contrôle moteur dans les mouvements complexes dirigés." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692451.
Full textLazar, Noureddine. "Structure secondaire et activité biologique : relations structure-fonction dans le PF4 Humain et la Prosomatostatine." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066181.
Full textMehiri, Mohamed. "Synthèse de peptides et de PNAs dirigés contre les ARN du VHC et du VIH-1 : activité antivirale et pénétration cellulaire." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4071.
Full textCurrent antiviral drugs, directed against viral enzymes of HCV and HIV, lead to the fast emergence of resistant variants. An interesting approach to circumvent this problem consists in targeting untranslated RNA fragments. In a general way, two approaches are envisaged to target RNA fragments: the inhibition by small molecules and the antisens approach. We have synthesized 52 linear and cyclic peptides and peptide derivatives constituted by the amino-acids sequence Lys-Lys-Pro-Lys targeting the two E loops of the HCV RNA. In parallel, we have tried to improve the cellular uptake of antisens PNA. We have synthesized two cysteine synthon incorporating both a fluorescent group and a triphenylphosphonium derivative (TBTP) via an intracellular scissile disulphide bond. We have conjugated these synthons to a cyclic PNA-based compound and investigated the cellular uptake of these conjugates by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We have shown that the cellular uptake of these cyclic PNA conjugates is not driven by an endocytotic temperature-sensitive or ATP-dependent process but by a passive translocation through the lipid matrix of the cell membrane. Finally, we have synthesized a second vector constituted by TBTP linked, via a disulfide bond, to 2-mercaptoethanol, which, once conjugated to PNAs by a carbamate bond, could release an unaltered PNA in the cytoplasm of the cell
Chamberland-Chanteloube, Valérie. "Etude par mutagenèse dirigée de la relation entre la structure de la mésentéricine Y105 et sa fonction bactéricide à l'encontre de Listeria." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0034.
Full textVazeux, Gilles. "Etude structure-fonction de l'aminopeptidase a par mutagenese dirigee ; contribution a l'analyse moleculaire du site actif." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA11T017.
Full textPintiala, Catalin. "Valorisation des chromones dans la synthèse de nouveaux systèmes polyhétérocycliques à activités anticancéreuses." Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0006.
Full textThis work is focused on the synthesis, reactivity and biological properties of 2-pyridone derivatives obtained from simple substrates such as chromone scaffold. During this project, the enaminochromanones - belonging to a new class of heterocycles - was identified as stable an easily isolable kinetic intermediates. Some pyridin-2-one compounds have been diversified and, among the synthesized products, some of them showed anticancer activities via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Ultimately, an innovative approach to synthesize aromathecin analogs (ARTs) by using the same chromone substrate as starting material was also discussed and led to A-B-C-D core of the latter in 32% overall yield
Khan, Aarlenne. "Les représentations spatiales pour le mouvement visuellement dirigé chez des sujets sains et des patients neurologiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10078.
Full textDrone, Jullien. "Synthèse sélective d'oligosaccharides : utilisation de glycosidases obtenues par mutagenèse ponctuelle et par évolution dirigée : tentatives de création d'une activité hydratase à partir d'une pectate lyase." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2038.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis was first to use modified glycosidases for the synthesis of antigen H-1 analogs and second to generate an hydratase activity from a pectate lyase. In this end, we evaluated three glycosynthases and transglycosidases. We showed that glycosynthases can synthesize disaccharides with nearly quantitative yields. Furthermore, transglycosidases can synthesize transglycosylation compounds with 60 to 75% yields depending of the acceptor. Modification of the Thermotoga maritima pectate lyase (TmPel) was attempted with complementary approaches. Our efforts for the directed evolution of TmPel led us to the development of an in vivo selection system in Escherichia coli allowing the seak of new enzymatic activities. We also constructed a model of TmPel to discuss about its rationnal engineering
Daubet, Michel. "L'Organisation de l'espace proche en section des grands de l'école maternelle, enfants de cinq à six ans, à partir du pilotage des déplacements d'un robot en langage LOGO /." Talence : Institut de recherche sur l'enseignement des mathématiques, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34995581r.
Full textDelaire, Myriam. "Mutagénèse dirigée au site actif de la béta-lactamase TEM-1 : définition du rôle de différents résidus dans le mécanisme enzymatique." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0023.
Full textBisschop, Hervé de. "Se former à diriger en situations de formations simulées de haute intensité : une activité de présence à soi et à autrui : une approche par l’activité : le cas des stages d’aguerrissement suivis par les élèves-officiers de l’École Militaire InterArmes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH011.
Full textThis PhD dissertation examines the activity “learning how to command” thanks to a study of professionals undergoing training to learn how to face unpredictable, unexpected, uncertain, and even unbearable situations.This dissertation relies on theories of activity and more specifically on theories and methodologies of action course (Theureau 2004, 2006, 2009), and aims at grasping, describing, understanding, and explaining: (i) the structure of that activity, (ii) how the different somatic, affective and cognitive dimensions participate in the learning processes of participants, and finally (iii), what the different categories ofsituations generating perturbations are.This PhD dissertation argues that learning how to command within high-intensity simulated training environments lead individuals to experientally deploy learning activities involving their body. In turn, that bodily learning participates to the transformation of the individuals’ being in the world and to the development of both self and other-oriented forms of vigilance. Such a vigilance can only be described as a co-presence to what takes and will take place
Mazza, Catherine. "17-hydroxystéroïde déshydrogénase humaine de type I : analyse des relations structure-fonction par mutagenèse dirigée et cristallographie des rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10214.
Full textCouvineau, Pierre. "Études structure-fonction par modélisation moléculaire et mutagénèse dirigée de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles impliquées dans la régulation de l'équilibre hydrique et des fonctions cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB133/document.
Full textThe doctoral work was divided in two parts, one on the structure-function studies of aminopeptidase A, and the second one, on those of the apelin receptor. I/ Aminopeptidase A (APA) is a membrane bound monozinc aminopeptidase which generates, in the brain, angiotensin (Ang) III from Ang II. Ang III is one of the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, which exerts a tonic stimulatory action on the control of blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Thus, the blockade of brain APA by a specific and selective inhibitor, EC33 or its prodrug, RB150, normalizes blood pressure in two animal models of arterial hypertension (HTA). APA constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HTA that justifies the development of more potent and selective APA inhibitors than EC33, with enhanced pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles when compared to RB150. With this aim, we built a three dimensional (3D) model of APA based on the recently published crystal structure of human APA. We validated this model by structure-function studies combining molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrating the crucial role of one residue in the S1 subsite responsible for substrate specificity of APA for N-terminal acidic amino-acid residues and two other residues constituting the S2' subsite of APA involved in the binding of the P2' acidic residue of tripeptidic inhibitors, previously developed in the laboratory. II/ Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the human orphan receptor named APJ (ApelinR), a G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and ApelinR are involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. ApelinR constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and water retentions. Given that apelin half-life in the blood circulation is in the minute range, we aimed to develop potent metabolically stable apelin analogs.. In this context, it is necessary to understand how apelin binds to ApelinR and how it is activated. To do so, we build a 3D model of ApelinR based on the crystal structure of the chemokine receptor, CXCR4. We validated this model by structure-function studies by molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. We showed that apelin interacts with the receptor through interactions between the basic residues of the peptide and the acidic residues of the ApelinR, located in the extracellular loops. ,We then developed metabolically stable apelin-17 (K17F) analogs following two different strategies. First, we substituted each residue of K17F by its D-isomer or a synthetic amino-acid. Secondly, we added a fluoroalkyl chain at the N-terminal part of K17F. These two strategies allowed to significantly improve plasma half-life of the modified peptides for several hours without modifying their pharmacological properties as compared to K17F. Two apelin metabolically stable analogs, P92 and LIT01-196, were found to have significantly higher in vivo activity than K17F with a strong capacity to decrease blood pressure and to inhibit vasopressin release in the blood stream inducing an increased aqueous diuresis. These new validated 3D models will be now used to perform in silico screening of virtual chemical libraries to discover new APA inhibitors and ApelinR agonists that could ultimately lead to new drug candidates. These compounds could be useful for the treatment of HTA and heart failure
Piamtongkam, Rungtiwa. "Expression and evolution of lipases from Candida rugosa and Yarrowia lipolytica to modify their activities and specificities." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0015/document.
Full textLipases, ubiquitous proteins, are the most studied enzymes and the most used in industry. They catalyse a great number of reactions, hydrolysis and synthesis, leading to a great diversity of molecules, acids, esters, amides. There are numerous fields of applications: bio-energies, flavours, bio-lubricants, bio-plasticizers, emulsifiers, detergents, cosmetics, synthons for fine chemistry, and pharmaceutical products. Nowadays, thanks to genetic tools, it is possible to modify their activity, specificity and thermostability to ideally adapt enzymes for the industrial constraints. In this work, we were interested in four lipases of industrial interest. The third ones belong to the lipase family of Candida rugosa (Lip1, Lip3 and Lip4). Although they present high homology, their specificities are very different. They are distinct from the other lipases by the active site composed of a long tunnel with the catalytic triad at the entry of the tunnel. It leads to enzymes particularly interesting for the conversion and the purification of long chain fatty-acids. The fourth one is a new lipase identified from oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. It is one of the most active lipase on long chain fatty-acids; it is very active and stable at acid pH and presents a high enantioselectivity on molecules of pharmaceutical interest, the esters of 2- halogeno-aryl acetic acid. In this work, we first tested a new expression system, a specific strain of Y. lipolytica, for expression of variants obtained by site-directed mutagenesis. This strain JMY1212 enables integration to be targeted to a special locus of the Y. lipoytica genome. We demonstrated that it is the first expression system in which it is possible to compare statistically variant activities directly from the supernatant of the culture. Secondly, three lipases of C. rugosa were cloned successfully in this strain and their activities and specificities with respect to fatty acid chain lengths were studied. Lip1 and Lip3 have specificity for the fattyacids of medium chain (C8-C10) whereas Lip4 prefers C18: 1. Moreover, for the first time, purification, from a mixture of ethyl esters issued from fish oil, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); cis-5, 8, 11, 14, 17- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and cis-4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), molecules with health benefits, was realised with the three C. rugosa lipases, separately. Whatever the enzyme the recovery of DHA is superior to 90 % (97, 100 and 93 % for Lip1, Lip3 and Lip4 respectively. The maximal DHA purity ~60 % was obtained with Lip3 and Lip4, with an initial ethyl ester mixture containing 25% DHA. A remarkable difference between these enzymes lies in the fact that Lip4 is able to better hydrolyse the EPA esters (60% against 13% and 16% respectively for Lip1 and Lip3). Lip4 is also able to hydrolyse DHA (7% against 3 and 0 % for Lip1 and Lip3 respectively). The third part of this work was devoted to the improvement of the enantioselectivity of the two enzymes studied with respect to the resolution of a racemic mixture of pharmaceutical industry, the R, S esters of 2-bromo aryl acetic acid. The rational construction of a double variant of Lip2 lipase from Y. lipolytica, D97A V232F was realized to obtain a total enantioselective enzyme (E > 200). This variant recognizes the enantiomer R whereas wild-type lipase had a weak preference for the enantiomer S (E=5). In addition, this exceptional increase in the enantioselectivity is accompanied by a 4.5 fold improvement of the activity. With the same mixture of enantiomers, the 3 lipases of C. rugosa proved to be remarkable from the point of view of enantioselectivity. In spite of their high homology, their specificity is different. Lip1 and Lip3 are completely specific for the S enantiomer, whereas Lip4 is R specific (E=15). The molecular docking of the S and R enantiomers in the active site of Lip1 and Lip4 lipases enables the observed differences in specificity to be better understood and targets for site-directed mutagenesis to be proposed. We demonstrated that the nature of the amino acid present in position 296 is crucial for the discrimination of these enzymes
Hazime, Mouhammed Issam. "Le droit confronté aux particularités du commerce électronique : approche franco-syrienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32022.
Full textEconomic activity and the new electronic marketplace are the concepts that motivate economists and lawyers to reorganize the new area of commerce. An electronic market provides its electronic character of the activity on the networks, which motivated the states to adopt certain rules governing this market. This use of global network encourages us to address the issue of electronic commerce law, and specifically the question of contract electronic sales in private international law. The first part of this thesis deals with one side of the particular issues and problems of electronic commerce in international private law. These issues take into account the issue of cyberspace as a new virtual marketplace: territoriality, internationality, the immateriality of this space. On the other hand, is the applicability of international conventions on electronic sales contrac. The second part of this thesis analyzes the technique and strategy of adapting national laws to be applicable to electronic contracts. Two examples of this analysis are adjusting to French law and the Syrian law
Penot, Isabelle. "Induction de nécrose et de résistance chez le tabac par une famille de protéines fongiques : les élicitines, implication de certains acides aminés dans la modulation de ces activités étudiée par mutagénèse dirigée et expression dans un système hétérologue." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10180.
Full textBerland, Magali. "Exploration de méthodes statistiques pour la modélisation de la relation séquence-activité de protéines d'intérêt industriel." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0019.
Full textVia the accumulation of beneficial mutations through successive rounds of mutations, directed evolution offers a rational framework for the amelioration of protein of industrial interest. It enables the large exploration of the sequence space and fitness. However, they are wet-lab intensive and may reveal to be time consuming and costly. In silico approaches using minimal sets of experimental data and statistical models combined with machine learning algorithms have been developed to explore heuristically the sequence space and to identify the effect of the potential epistatic interactions between residues on protein fitness. This work focused on the construction and application of statistical models relying on minimal experimental datasets to study protein sequence to activity relationships (ProSAR). In particular, the choices of appropriate numerical encoding methods, of descriptors extracted from protein sequences and of regression methods were investigated. The original ProSAR method from R. Fox (2005) and the limits of its applicability on experimental datasets have been studied. New methods that consider physico-chemical features of amino acids and their periodicities have been explored. This study unveils novel descriptors of the sequence-activity relationship and provides innovative approaches that can deal with very diverse biological datasets, even when few biological data are available
Corbier, Catherine. "Étude de la spécificité de substrat et de coenzyme de la glycéraldéhyde-3-phosphate deshydrogénase glycolytique." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10467.
Full textSoukri, Abdelaziz. "Modification du site actif de la glycéraldéhyde-3-phosphate déshydrogénase par mutagénèse dirigée : Étude du rôle de la CYS 149 et de l'HIS 176 dans le mécanisme enzymatique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10222.
Full textLe, Roy Didier. "Production, caractérisation et activité biologique d'un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre l'aérobactine ferrique : évaluation en immunothérapie passive de sa valeur protectrice dans des modèles expérimentaux de bactériémie à entérobactéries : application en dosage de l'aérobactine." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA114831.
Full textFort, Sébastien. "Synthèses chimiques et enzymatiques de glycomimétiques pour l'étude de cellulases." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10149.
Full textJosse, Denis. "Vers la détermination du centre actif et de la structure de la paraoxonase humaine." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10190.
Full textLopez, Rebolledo Victor Omar. "La pertinencia del corpus literario en el aula de ELE : una propuesta basada en la descripcion, la narracion y la argumentacion." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6997.
Full textTeaching Spanish as a Second Language (ELE) and using literature as a didactic tool has never been an educational activity which received much support, in theory or in practice, it has rather been avoided. Most often, it has been relegated to a “cultural” sample at the end of the units in the ELE manuals, as “extra” material which the teacher did not really know what to do with. In recent years, these views have changed radically and many authors have claimed their teaching and learning potential. This thesis follows this tendency and claims the use of literary texts (TL) for the didactic potential they carry. It proposes a series of didactic activities, supported by literary texts, to strengthen the skills of discourse at the descriptive, the narrative and the argumentative level in teaching ELE to college and university students in Quebec (Canada), taking into account the criteria set by Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, the Plan curricular of the Instituto Cervantes and the Program of the Ministry of Education of Quebec. First, it offers a brief tour exposing the different currents and pedagogical approaches in the teaching of ELE and the various treaties and studies postulating the use of literary texts for this purpose.
Incursionar en la enseñanza del español para extranjeros (ELE) y utilizar la Literatura como herramienta didáctica no es una actividad docente que haya tenido siempre apoyo, tanto teórico como práctico, más bien se ha evitado. La mayoría de las veces se ha relegado a una muestra cultural al final de las unidades de los manuales de ELE, como un material extra con el que el docente no sabía bien qué hacer. Estas visiones han ido cambiando radicalmente en los últimos años, y numerosos autores han reivindicado su potencial didáctico y pedagógico. Esta memoria se inscribe en dicha corriente y reivindica el uso del texto literario (TL) por el potencial didáctico que conlleva. Se propone una serie de actividades didácticas, apoyadas en el texto literario, para fortalecer las competencias discursivas en el plano de la descripción, la narración y la argumentación en el ámbito de la enseñanza de ELE dirigidas a alumnos de nivel colegial y universitario de Quebec (Canadá), teniendo en cuenta los criterios establecidos por el Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas, el Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes y el Programa del Ministerio de Educación de Quebec. Anteriormente, se hace un breve recorrido para exponer las diferentes corrientes y enfoques pedagógicos en la enseñanza de ELE y los diferentes tratados y estudios que postulan el uso del texto literario para este fin.
Barry, Hadiatou. "Adaptation de l’activité nerveuse sympathique dirigée vers la peau à la suite d’une période d’acclimatation à la chaleur chez de jeunes adultes sains." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22154.
Full textAssaker, Gloria. "Implication de l'endosome de recyclage dans la migration cellulaire in vivo." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3220.
Full textDuring Drosophila melanogaster’s oogenesis, a cluster of folllicle cells, called border cells, perform an invasive migration through the surrounding nurse cells to reach the oocyte. This event resembles metastasis formation since it requires epithelial- mesenchymal transition, reorientation and arrest. Endocytosis plays a fundamental role in many polarized processes, including cell migration, since different migration proteins, like integrins and E-cadherins traffic through the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that guide border cells during their migration are regulated by endocytosis, although the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. We tested the implication of vesicular trafficking through the endocytic machinery, in border cells’ directed migration, because this system is easily accessible for protein expression and mutant analysis. We first confirmed previous observation that trafficking through the early endosome is necessary for border cells migration, and then we identified the recycling endosome as a key compartment for this migration. Indeed, we showed that overexpression in border cells of a dominant negative form of Rab11, the small GTPase regulating vesicular trafficking through the recycling endosome, blocks migration or leads to severe migration defects in about 80% of examined egg chambers. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence, we observed a relocalization of RTKs activity, whereas other migration proteins were not redistributed upon dominant negative Rab11 expression. This result was further confirmed by a genetic interaction between Rab11 and RTKs. Moreover, we showed that the exocyst complex, an effector of Rab11, is also involved in border cells migration. We found by using confocal microscopy of fixed tissues and time-lapse microscopy of living egg chambers, that Sec15, a member of this complex, is distributed in vesicles which are polarized, in a Rab11- dependent manner, throughout border cells migration. In addition, loss of Sec15 also impairs migration. Together these data demonstrate a fundamental role for an endo- exocytic cycle in the maintenance of active RTKs at the leading edge of border cells during their migration.