Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activités scientifiques et techniques'
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Sinsoilliez-Clauser, Christine. "Analyse de systèmes d'information : étude des méthodes classiques et conception d'un protocole intégrant le modèle HBDS." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066338.
Full textIbekwe-Sanjuan, Fidelia. "Exploration de corpus scientifiques et techniques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635294.
Full textEl, Hage Suzane. "Activités TICE, interactions langagières en classe et cohérence des séquences d’enseignement scientifiques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22013/document.
Full textOur work deals with the teaching practice. We are particularly interested in the discursive coherence of knowledge in a “natural” physics teaching sequence in electricity involving ICT. The study is conducted at the grade 12 (Terminale in France) in science class.The case study is based on theoretical elements used in science education (modeling, semiotic registers, multimodal discourse and communicative approach), it offers some conceptual development (inscription: imported from the anthropology of science). The study also proposes methodological developments for the analysis of discursive coherence of teachers and of inscriptions, and the interactions between them.We have suggested a distinction of four types of discursive coherence in the transmission of knowledge (expansion, reduction, self-reformulation and repetition). We also distinguish between two types of the inscriptions made by the teacher; they complement the potential of the software used by the teacher
Sousa, Do Nascimento Silvania. "L'ANIMATION SCIENTIFIQUE : ESSAI D'OBJECTIVATION DE LA PRATIQUE DES ASSOCIATIONS DE CULTURE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE FRANÇAISES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864514.
Full textRached, Elie. "Argumentation socioscientifique : rôle des connaissances scientifiques et techniques?" Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0028/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis has two objectives: on the one hand, the development of a teaching-learning sequence of a socio-scientific issue, dedicated to argumentation and integrated to a traditional French Curriculum; and on the other, the examination of the argumentation and knowledge use (e.g. conceptual scientific knowledge and technical knowledge) and the possible link between them, when high school students in grade 11scientific curriculum (16-17 years old) choose, in the classroom, a heating system for a residence, in the context of debates on climate change. The design of a contextualized teaching-learning environment (or ecology) and means to support this environment is based on two frameworks: the « Experimental Design-based Research », a general framework for conducting research in Science education and the “Modèle d’une écologie d’une controverse socioscientifique » a specific model for the education of socio-scientific controversies. The analysis of argumentation and knowledge use (e.g. conceptual scientific knowledge and technical) is organized around the study of the structure (e.g. mobilization of rebuttals or elaborated arguments (qualifiers mobilization (s) with at least five bases)) and content (e.g. abstraction areas, themes, sources and validity) of the argument, the artifact constructed. The results indicate mobilization by students of quality arguments (rebuttals and elaborated arguments) and content of high abstraction areas, but both remain rare. Students also mobilize conceptual scientific contents and technical one throughout the sequence. However, these contents whether scientific topics, technical or mother, may be of low, medium or high abstraction areas; and drawn from handouts, prescribed curriculum or other sources. A link is established between the mobilization of rebuttals (only encountered during students ‘group discussions and during all class debate) and the mobilization of valid content with at least partial explanation. However, no link is established between the elaborated arguments mobilized during groups presentation and during the pre-test and post-test, and the content, whether scientific, technical or other; wrong or valid; with areas of low abstraction, medium or high; and drawn from handouts, prescribed curriculum or from other sources. A discussion of results is done. In addition, , a retrospective analysis of our results in light of our frames of reference, and of our research objectives, leads us among other things, to propose adjustments to the elaborated methodology and teaching-learning sequence
Munita, Marambio Renzo Esteban. "La responsabilité civile liée aux activités scientifiques et technologiques : Approche de droit comparé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAD001/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to demonstrate the influence of scientific and technical development on the civil liability, studying how this development constitutes a factor of mutation of this. To demonstrate the significance of this phenomenon, throughout our work we have observed that it is possible to link novelty to material well-being, but also to the risks and uncertainties of the unknown. The distinction between risk and uncertainty is marked by the development of science as to the scientific demonstration of the contingencies that can be attributed to each point of development. Done this reasoning, the law of torts is imbued with legal innovations that deal with risks and uncertainties, but also the anxieties and fears generated by scientific and technological change. This has provoked precise changes which go in hand with the rejection of the man of today to tolerate that any technical manifestation may injure him. These changes take us from a double perspective: In relation to the role of civil liability, and in relation to its implementation. Through this problem, we demonstrate that the unknown understood in innovation is the source of a process of impregnation of novelty in the fundamental bases of civil liability; in particular, with to the observation the new sources of injury, new injury items, and new approximations to the causal link
Orazio, Sébastien. "Utilisation de l'argument statistique dans les démarches scientifiques des activités physiques et sportives." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21545.
Full textFor a few decades, critics denouncing an “abusive” use of the statistical argument by the researchers in Sport Sciences are formulated by the professionals, without any objective assessment. So, in the first part of this study, we propose a meticulous inventory of the current use of the statistical argument in research in Sport Sciences. This first stage shows that statistical tools are necessary for each researcher which wants to communicate its work. But its use by scientists not specialists frequently results in a partial control and a lack of originality of the methods used. Whereas, with the debate on the Sport Sciences “specificity”, we could expect the emergence and the development of specific statistics to this particular field. Indeed, the statistics will certainly be able to contribute and improve the scientific expansion around our object of interest the APS. Thus, in the second part it was necessary to face the issue of using only significance tests, proposing other tools more adapted. Then, to go deeper in this optimization of statistical tools for sports, in a third part we suggest (always for the example) the construction of privileged relations between theoretical statistics and Sports sciences, that is for us a possibility of enrichment and specification of the statistical tools for our discipline. Doing so it we have a chance to switch from debatable non optimal statistical analysis to reliable results in sport science
Laurian, Anne-Marie. "Recherches lexicales et syntaxiques sur les discours scientifiques et techniques." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607405w.
Full textLoffler-Laurian, Anne-Marie. "Recherches lexicales et syntaxiques sur les discours scientifiques et techniques." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030010.
Full textThe specificity of scientific and technical texts is not only a large use of special terminologies nor is it a certain kind of international understanding in specialized fields. Starting from these observations, the study focuses on : 1 - a description of the characteristics of the french texts; 2 - a study of the translation of these texts by machine translation; 3 - a look at some applications of these studies. In the first part, a typology of the scientific and technical documents based on the situation of communication is presented, as well a typology based on internal criteria such the presence or not of definitions. Some particular items are examined : the verb etre, the verb faire, the verb mesurer and all other kind of expressions of measurement. These items represent fundamental notions in the type of texts studied. The expression of the author through the use of personal pronouns is also studied. In the second part of the work, the translation of scientific and technical texts, and specially their machine translation, is used as a tool to approach and analyze their specificities. The remaining errors after machine processing make it necessary to post-edit the raw translations. The typology of the errors and a reflexion on the notions of norm and of quality lead to a double practice of post-editing : a conventional one and a rapid one. The study of these post-editions is a part of a larger reflexion on contrastive stylistics dealing with specialized documents. The importance of the receiver of the message has to be stressed in the reflexion. Some applications of this work are finally given : as regards the teaching of a "language for special purpose" or the teaching of the translation of specialized texts this work should lead to renovating and adapting the teaching in order to get it closer to the present needs
Younes, Bouacida Rédha. "Politiques scientifiques et techniques et aides à l'innovation des PME algériennes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32042.
Full textThe literature which carries on the problematic of innovation and the competitivity is no much present in the developping economies, so even it’s admitted today that the rise in power of the scientific and technical systems in some emerged economies such as south corea and Taiwan, has allowed to put in place technological capacities, and pass from under-development to development. Algeria presents an interesting example, at the same time near and not wellknown. This thesis proposes to explore the working of the scientific and technical system in Algeria, the relations between the scientific and technical activities and the economical performances, and present an analysis of relations between technological activities, innovtion and growth in the algerian SME. The thesis is structured on two parts of theorical and empirical range. In the first part, we have examined the place of the SME in the production and the technical change. We could first discover the sector of small and medium enterprise, after this, the role of these enterprises in the economical growth in Algeria. We will see that the algerian SME don’t play yet their role in the creation of jobs and in the activity. Then, we have done an analysis on the SME and the activities of innovation mostly on the factors which favour these activities, such as the network of innovation, the near and funding. In the second part, we will do an analysis of the growth and innovation in the algerian SME. We will discover the modernisation of the SME and its impact on the growth. This demonstration is leaded mostly to show the action of the algerian authorities in the domain of science, technology, and innovation. We have noticed that the difficulties of Algeria to develop the scientific and technical activities, and encourage the activities of research and innovation in enterprises. Then, we will present the results of an empirical study of innovation in the algerian SME. This survey is based on an a sample of 100 enterprises, using EVIEWS software. The economical results have in particular shown that the algerian SME are caracterized by a weak capacities of innovation and the absence of a system of support for innovation. In short, this research shows the necessity for Algeria to make more efforts in R-D, and gives aids in addition to incite the SME to innovate
Bourguignat, Christelle Muller Joëlle. "La part des ouvrages scientifiques et techniques en bibliothèque municipale." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/bourguignat.pdf.
Full textAndreani, Vanessa. "Immersion dans des documents scientifiques et techniques : unités, modèles théoriques et processus." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662668.
Full textBelaën, Florence. "L'expérience de visite dans les expositions scientifiques et techniques à scénographie d'immersion." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL023.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation deals with the visitor's involvement depth through his trajectory in a scientific or technical museum exhibition. A synthesis about the visit experience and a feature of exhibitions analyzed are offered in the first part: exhibitions with a stage immersion. A map of the latter is drawn according to representative styles and integration techniques the visitors will be subject to. The second part concerns investigation processes and more particularly the use of the open investigation in relation with four immersion exhibitions sustained. The ultimate of those gathers three features derived from the immersion experience - the body object, a destabilization phase and a revelation experience-. It then offers a categorization which reveals the involvement outcome through visitors' accounts. This categorization work results in the presentation of five visits configurations according to what is called the "immersion-distanciation"
Brouat, Thérèse. "Le dire et l'induireContribution à la didactique de l'anglais des spécialités scientifiques et techniques." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAML004.
Full textThis research aims at studying advertisements for computer products published in british and american computer magazines in order to identify their potential with a view to teaching English to computing students. The analysis deals with the way argumentation is built on the close association of pictures and discourse. It emphasizes the effects of their dynamic interaction on the receiver and the role of the latter in construing meaning. Ranging from a descriptive pole where referential function prevails and a poetic pole open to connotations, advertisements for computer products are hybrid and multidimensional messages. Our approach consists in showing how scientific reference is embedded in other discourse types such as description, explanation, dialogue, story-telling, illustration, poetry, etc. , to appeal to the reader's emotional and rational sides. When the reader is an ESP student, these multidimensional messages can be adapted into teaching material in order to meet specific language needs that include, but are not limited to, technical terminology. For ESP teachers, advertisements provide a mine of easily updatable information in an ever-evolving domain. The last part of this research gives suggestions and guidelines on how to integrate advertisements for computer products in a course for ESP students. It focuses on activities that build on the cognitive, cultural and affective energy of learners and involve them in the process of mastering comprehension and production skills
Benoit, Paul. "Les mutations techniques et scientifiques de la fin du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010551.
Full textFrom the written, iconographic and archaeological sources, the research has focussed on the innovations in the fields of calculation, energy, mining and metallurgic technics during mediaeval times and the renaissance. The first mecanization of craft in the west occured in the twelfth century. This has been studied through the cistercians. These monks have extracted stone, salt, coal and iron ore which they transformed into metal. They've also produced ceramic and glass and sought to master hydraulic energy. Nevertheless, the only field where they developped an original production is the metallurgy of iron : they were the first to use the water hammer. As a place of consummation and investment, the town used more and more metal during the fifteenth and fourteenth centuries, especially on building and arming. The mecanization of iron has spread out. The application of the water power to the bellows has lead to the production of cast iron : the indirect metallurgy of iron was born. . The crisis which devasted europe from the middle of the fourteenth to the middle of the fifteenth century has ruined a good many of the traditional metallurgic districts. The recovery carried a great request for metals and particularly for silver. The princely policy has promoted the search for ore and the raise of the production
Picard, David-Georges Blin Frédéric. "Les politiques de numérisation des documents scientifiques et techniques des bibliothèques en Allemagne." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/document-1816.
Full textCarnel, Béatrice. "Les sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives et la recherche en didactique." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1202.
Full textThe problematic of this research is born from questions about academic teacher's least interest for experimental didactics into sport graduate discipline (the french name is : sciences et techniques des activites physiques et sportives : s. T. A. P. S. ), which has historically to form physical education teachers. The first point of the research studies the meanings of de the word "didactics", it's development as doman of study in sport graduate discipline, and the objections which are made to it. The second point is composed by an analysis of interviews to compare situations of fundamentals didactics as domains of study in differents graduates disciplines. The third point deliveries the results of a questionary about didactics addressed all the teachers of sport graduate discipline
Kerger, Sylvie Flieller André. "Le rôle du sexe dans les intérêts et choix scolaires pour les branches scientifiques et techniques." Nancy : Université Nancy 2, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc228/2005NAN21018.pdf.
Full textAl-Hajj, Moustafa. "Extraction et formalisation de la sémantique des liens hypertextes dans des documents culturels, scientifiques et techniques." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4023.
Full textThe use of hypertext links on the web makes sites more attractive and easier to read and allows enrichment of sites by information coming from other sites. However, this links produce some difficulties for readers and search engines. The hypertext links are carrying semantic information which, if it were completely formalized, would be exploitable by programs to improve navigation and research of information, and would take its place in the emergence of semantic web. In this thesis, we propose an original methodology for the formal semantic extraction of hypertext links. The suggested method has been tested on the links of a corpus. The formalism RDF has been used to represent the link semantics. Ontology for the links specific to the field of biographies of famous people was made up starting from the link semantics extracted and then represented in RDFS. Some tools of supervised learning and of web pages characterization by keywords has been used to help with the formal extraction of semantics
Kerger, Sylvie. "Le rôle du sexe dans les intérêts et choix scolaires pour les branches scientifiques et techniques." Nancy 2, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc228/2005NAN21018.pdf.
Full textThis study tries, on the one hand, to find the factors which influence the choice of school orientations which lead to women's minority in scientific and technical professions and, on the other hand, to rapproche girls to the sciences. In the research of the variables which contribute to the sciences being less attractive to women than to men, the following factors have been analyzed : the pre-academic interests (operationalized by the early childhood games), the personality traits, the academic concept of self and cognitive variables, on the basis of a sample constituted by students of the secondary school, with an age average of 14 years (n=849). To achieve the other goal, namely to find a solution to counteract the differences, we followed the most promising way. We present the scientific and technical subjects in a feminine context which interests the girls more, and in a masculine context which interests the boys more. The structural models have shown that the biological sex and the games of the early childhood play the greatest role in the prediction of interests in scientific and technical branches. The boys and subjects who spent more time with masculine games in their early childhood are more interested in scientific and technical subjects than the girls and those subjects who spent more time with feminine games. It is interesting to note that the cognitive variables do not influence the interests for scientific and technical subjects. The individual interests must therefore be taken into account when adapting the subjects to the girls' and boys' interests in the text books in order to achieve an increase of interest for these scientific and technical subjects
Rodrigues, Barbosa Cátia. "La mise en scène des musées scientifiques et techniques à l'épreuve de la phénomènologie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0031.
Full textThis work consists of a phenomenology study of the language of the scientific and technical museums, language which is represented by the aesthetic experiment. The essence of the phenomenology praxis proposed by Natalie Depraz, Francisco J Varela and Pierre Vermersch, like methodological application in our thesis, makes it possible to define the field in which the aesthetic experiment and art in the museums scientist and technical are spread. From this field, that enables us to apprehend what concerns the diffusion and the scientific popularization by the means of what the scientific and technical museums bring to renew the aesthetic experiment. The question of the awakening, suggested by the phenomenology praxis, emerges as the interviewed subjects take part in our experiment of research by revealing their own experiments of life and the experiments of museums in the scientific and technical museums. It is what comes out of what we have experienced, through our own acts of conscience and through the comprehension of what is given to us. We can thus consider the fiels of aesthetic and art in the scientific and technical museums. The exposures are revealed to us by the originators, the project leaders, the police chiefs and the perceived visitors. Our descriptions made it possible to show and affirm the concrete possibility, its practical realization in the descriptive form constitute the necessary starting point which makes it possible to outline an analysis of what is already object of philosophy. That is aesthetic and the way in which the work of art are present in these museums
Senesi, Pierre-Henri. "Eléments pour une didactique des activités techniques et technologiques à la maternelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX1A108.
Full textKarvar, Anousheh. "La formation des élites scientifiques et techniques étrangères à l'Ecole polytechnique française aux 19e et 20e siècles." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070123.
Full textThe study is chiefly based on the prosopography of one thousand matriculants who attended the french ecole polytechnique from its foundation until 1985. The analysis of their flowing to the parisian institution, their geographical origin, and the context of their arrival in france reflects the scientific impact of the parisian institution abroad. It also highlights stategies for training qualified manpower pursued by political bodies involved in the building of new, powerful, centralized states. The reconstruction of these matriculants' careers using information collected from all over the world brings to the fore varied career typologies, revealing the fluctuating role of the ecole polytechnique in international scientific competition. It also highlights the close relationship between the appropriation of modern science and technology and the social and political context. By covering varied range of geographical settings and engineering fields, the study attempts to draw up a map of scientific transfer and identify the process of application of polytechniques training "model" to specific local circumstances, through the collective and individual roles played by engineers, while conquering their vocational space of intervention on the spot
Médard, Frédéric. "La présence militaire française en Algérie : aspects techniques, logistiques et scientifiques entre archai͏̈sme et modernité 1953-1967." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30076.
Full textLhoste, Yann. "Problématisation, activités langagières et apprentissages dans les sciences de la vie : étude de débats scientifiques dans la classe dans deux domaines biologiques : nutrition et évolution." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT3023.
Full textSantos, Ventura Paulo Cezar. "La négociation entre le concepteur, les objets et le public dans les musées techniques et les salons professionnels." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOL009.
Full textBellemare, Dominique. "Les loisirs scientifiques et techniques et ses effets probables sur une trajectoire dans les sciences pures et appliquées ou en ingénierie /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/18183648R.pdf.
Full textChen, Bin. "L'analyse et la mesure de la satisfaction au travail : le cas de petites et moyennes entreprises - PME - scientifiques et techniques chinoises." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORTA001.
Full textAs from the end of 1970's, China's small and medium entreprises (SMES) developed very quickly. China had 23 million SMES at the end of 2006. To maintain the sustainable development of the SME, the strategy must constantly be reinvented to continuously improve the company's management. An effective strategy must be implemented to improve the human resource management in order to improve job satisfaction. The analysis and the measurement of job satisfaction in China's SMES will be our topic of research. This topic will be studied in a zone z of high and new technology development in Beijing. This research will be done in two stages. The first will consist in the acquisition of data, the second will consist in the analysis of these data. In order to do this research, the unidimentional overall job satisfaction Y, the multidimentional overall job satisfaction A and MA will be different and by no means insignificant. We will need to adopt several approaches. Our research will establish that a model of multidimensional measurement is an important task in creating a research questionnaire. The process of construction of a model of multidimentional measurement is pratical and valid, with an approach in three stages. Some assumptions of research will be accepted and others rejected
Bellemare, Dominique. "Les loisirs scientifiques et techniques et ses effets probables sur une trajectoire dans les sciences pures et appliquées ou en ingénierie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1720/1/000109648.pdf.
Full textCotin, Claudine Martinez. "Microgenèse de la compétence pédagogique chez les étudiants en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON14001.
Full textWhat factors influence teaching behaviors of physical education students ? We have realized synchronic and diachronic qualitative and comparative studies in order to answer this question. We have studied preparations and assessments of lessons, written by a sample of novice teachers. Results show that novices have three contradictory goals : to control, to motivate, to assist learning. These goals determine the contents of their subgoals and their interaction with pupils : the same action may have different meanings according to the goals. Conscious awareness from the students follows the chronological order of meaningful events of the lesson. Some of them allow qualitative modifications of behavior, namely the solution of the present dominant contradiction. However, this evolution is not systematic. It depends on the capacity of the students for taking risks and facing uncertainty. A new conceptualization of teacher training is proposed. It is an alternative to the traditional linear model of the teacher as a rationnal processor, offering new teacher trainig prospects
Lhoste, Yann. "Problématisation, activités langagières et apprentissage dans les sciences de la vie. Étude de quelques débats scientifiques dans la classe dans deux thèmes biologiques : nutrition et évolution." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376892.
Full textLevilain, Hervé. "La dévolution de la charge des vieux : contribution à une sociologie de l'expertise et des classements techniques, scientifiques et sociaux." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081433.
Full textThis thesis deals with the construction of a social reality : the + old' people dependence ;. It is focused on scientist hypotheses which + problematic ;, offer of service and system of measurement and classification will have put into form this issue and contributed to turn it into a current social issue. Since 1970, the reform of management concerning old people has led to a change of the competition system between the different pole of the management market. The low medical care finds expression in a debasement of + long sejour ; (nursing home). The dependence scales set up by geriatricians is the answer to a management logic and to a remedicalization (medical care or cure). Some epidemiological hypotheses have revealed the problem of old people at home have problem and in this way have universalized it. They take part to make the state discover that the family contributes to old people's support. These programs defending interest of home care or nursing home are based on different labels until cristallization of stakes by putting this issue on the political scene. These hypotheses use then the label + dependence ; in order to assure the programm's success. The law of 24/1/97 is dedicaced to one of these models. The geriatrician scale is an implement of fixing price and allowing benefits and it carries a management and market logic with. It shows the rationalization of the management market. This scale legitimated by scientist is a way to solve moral conflicts around the devolution of old people charge. It normalizes in this way relations to old people
Delvert, Francis. "La construction par l'image photographique de connaissances scientifiques et techniques sur des phénomènes survenant dans des situations extrêmes." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100043.
Full textThe History allows identifying contributions to the Science and the Technology of the image. The process of "Déconstruction has opened possibilities to creation of image modem process able to have applications in extreme situations. The theorisation of "Déconstruction" is the substratum of creations on the artistic, intellectuals and more "physical" panels in areas of maritime, terrestrial, aerial and space extreme situations. An inventory of these contributions to the benefit of structures coming from scientific organisms to special units cornes before the presentation of a major example of creative Déconstruction : The "Velocigraphe II" which realised first image shootings in space within total autarky. Finally, the "Francis Delvert Time Bar", real bridge between the "non digital" and the "digital" spaces, through which emerges an multidirectional and interactive original idea established in order to improve the image or the communication and the communication of the image in the area of its history and the history of the photography
Chakkour, Fairouz Arina. "Identification de relations sémantiques dans des textes scientifiques et techniques en exploitant le raisonnement à partir de cas." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10192.
Full textOur approach provides a semantic interpretation of an utterance in natural language, which can be used in a textual data mining process. This analysis relies on case-based reasoning principles. The semantic interpretation of an utterance consists in identifying the semantic relation expressed by this utterance and its arguments. Semantic relations have an important contribution to a sense of a texte in natural language, and they link concepts in an ontologie. The analysis in our model is based on several types of knowledge: domaine knowledge (an ontology), linguistic knowledge, (transformations and adaptation functions) and experimental knowledge (a case base). We adopt a case-based reasoning model founded on the classification principles and paths of similarity in order to guarantee the adaptability. We have tested the model on two corpuses : the first is a corpus of texts in the domain of profesionnal stress, and the second is a corpus of texts in agriculture
Corcy, Marie-Sophie. "Techniques photographiques de prise de vue, formes et applications scientifiques et industrielles de la photographie en noir et blanc en France (1839-1920)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040233.
Full textRelating the development of photographic shooting techniques (photographic chamber, optics, closing system, frames but also sensitive processes) from 1839 (date of promulgation for the law concerning the photography) to 1920 (transition to another technical system based on the miniaturization and the integration of the elements making the camera up) and understand this development in accordance with the history of these techniques. We have emphasized the motor of this development (the research on the instantaneous illustrated by the progress made on the sensitivity of chemical processes). We have expanded this problematic by demonstrating the existence of periplural technical systems, that have progressively formed around the generic photographic technical system, and which are illustrated by the forms of photography but also by its scientific and industrial applications. We have on another hand, demonstrated the part of the amateur (confirmed or novice) in this evolutionary process. Finally, we have illustrated this intention by the analysis of a hundred “stereoscopic” pictures, an amateur's work at the end of the XIXth century
Porcedda, Aude. "Les défis et enjeux du changement vers le développement durable : l'analyse stratégique des muséums nature de Montréal." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9782296216570.
Full textScience museums were long considered the preserve of the well-to-do of societies past, elitist places where science was the only consideration. Today, there is a broader range of museum stakeholders and their institutions are subject to complex and previously unknown social, economic and environmental pressures. Some science museums have recently included sustainable development in their new missions, but not without generating some controversy. For sustainable development, unlike the environment, is no longer just a concept to be explained to visitors through exhibitions ; it is also a new system of management. This kind of change challenges established commercial, environmental, cultural, scientific and social paradigms, and alters the very identity of science museums. The goal of this research project, then, is to answer the question: What are the challenges and issues involved for science museums that opt for sustainable development? The goals of the project are to understand the mechanisms governing the operation of science museums, to engage in a critical discussion on the consequences of the shift toward sustainable development and to determine the methodological contribution of organisational sociology for museology
GODILLON, CLAUDINE. "Television et culture scientifique et technique approche globale et comparative des systemes de production et de diffusion d'informations scientifiques et techniques televisees en france et en grande-bretagne." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070085.
Full textThis is a comparative study of the production and programming of science en hertzian television in france and great-britain. The processes of making and programming are considered in their respective environments. The object of the comparison is to reveal what factors make the french system apparently less effective than the british one, taken as reference. The comparative analysis is based on a literary survey completed with interviews. Elements taken into account are : scientific culture of the publics, media contexts (in a historical perspective), the functioning of main production units and their output. The main result of the present work is to bring to light the importance of institutional factors. In particular, the role of legislation and regulatory bodies in the production and programming. Impact of financial arragements on content and types of programmes is also shown. The comparison also assesses how the public's scientific culture affects the systems. But it invalidates the hypothesis of a less favorable public in france than in england. At the outcome, this analysis offers a detailed classification of television. This enables a differentiation of science information in both countries and renders production and programming conditions
Birch-Bécaas, Susan. "Les besoins linguistiques des scientifiques français publiant en anglais : analyse d'un corpus de premières rédactions et de leur correction." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR21011.
Full textVEREZ, DAUNAY BRIGITTE. "De l'interet de la vulgarisation des connaissances scientifiques et techniques dans la societe civile : problemes et tentatives de reponse avec la "science en fete"." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030033.
Full textThe man of the 21st century is regularly confronted with scientific and technological progress in his everyday life. The description of the scientific field allow to establish two important things: on the one hand the evident presence of an ever-increasing gulf between scholars and laymen; on the other hand the mythical representations which laymen have of science. Then the popularization of scientific and technical knowledges (practice that proceeds from previous points) can be called into questions with his present use and more particularly through the used supports of communication that are not consistent with aimed publics. That is how the "science en fete" can be introduce. It is a manifestation that seems to be appropriate but that denote an ambiguity: it wants to be a kind of popular cultur but the really concerned public is not the aimed public. This study allows to result in prospects that try to put a real politic of scientific and technical popularization in its place, and more particularly through the establishment of an observatory of scientific and technical popularization
Domalain, Gérard. "La place de la pratique pédagogique dans la formation des étudiants en sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives, de la prise d'informations à la décision dans l'acte de formation : contribution à l'étude de la formation des étudiants en sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H068.
Full textMaisonobe, Marion. "Étudier la géographie des activités et des collectifs scientifiques dans le monde : de la croissance du système de production contemporain aux dynamiques d'une spécialité, la réparation de l'ADN." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20055/document.
Full textThis thesis considers the geography of scientific activities through its productive dimension (publications retrieved from bibliographic databases). An original method is designed which relies on two principles: taking the urban area as an elementary level of analysis to study the repartition and organization of research activity at the world scale, taking into account co-authorship data to deduce networks of scientific collaborations between places. The main results show a trend toward the spatial diffusion of production activity at several scales, mitigating the monopoly of hegemonic and over-represented areas in the whole corpus of scientific references considered (SCI Expanded). A case study is realized on a research field in molecular biology: DNA Repair. Considering the role of individual trajectories, it explains the geography of the emergence of the scientific specialty as well as the spatial diffusion of a problem area related to the field of DNA Transcription
Tortolero, Villaseñor Alejandro. "Les Haciendas et l'innovation : activités agricoles et changements techniques dans la région centrale du Mexique (district de Chalco et Etat de Morelos), 1880-1914." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0058.
Full textIn mexican historiography one widely held thesis is that the agriculture at the end of the 19th century was rudimentary, backward and almost without any technological innovation as concerning crops destined towards internal markets. From the present study, we could see that for the haciendas of chalco and of morelos, during the period 1880-1914, a series of technological changes had in fact taken place in the cultivation of wheat and sugar canne, and subsequent transformations of these crops, both destined essentially towards internal markets
Boualem, Abdel-Malek. "Ml-tasc : systeme de conversion de formalismes de langages techniques et scientifiques dans un environnement a syntaxe controlee et a contexte limite. traduction automatique multilingue." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4683.
Full textLangloÿs, Karine. "L'objet de musée entre nature et artifice, entre discours et visiteurs : l'artificialisation des objets de sciences naturelles et ses conséquences sur la médiation muséale." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0028.
Full textEach exhibit is located in a space of authenticity. Its localization depends on the operations applied since the original sampling in the nature until the presentation to the public. Two axes define the space of authenticity: naturality and realism of the object. The object, partially denatured, sometimes artificialized, is nevertheless invested a function of mediation for the visitors. This work approaches preliminary questionings as well as constraints and advantages of the artificial. It shows that the artificial cannot be used without precaution. Moreover, even if artificialisation may add difficulties to the mediation purpose, the formidable potential of the artificial artefacts should not be denied. This study is useful for designers who wish to give a "true" place to the "false" in their exhibitions. It permits to help them to make the good choice in what concern the adequate artefact in harmony with the mediation purpose of the exhibition
Fontanay, Stéphane. "Complexation de triterpènes pentacycliques par des cyclodextrines : caractérisations physicochimiques et activités biologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0210/document.
Full textThe lack of innovative therapies in human chemotherapy incites the scientific community to be interested in new sources of bioactive compounds. We can quote the secondary metabolites of plants, to which belong hydroxy pentacyclic triterpene acids (HPTAs) and more particularly Ursolic (UA), Oleanolic (OA) and Betulinic Acids(BA). These molecules are the subjetc of numerous studies which tend to demonstrate their properties: anti-infective, anticancer, antiproliferatives, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotectrive. The main obstacle to their use in therapeutic purposes stays the insolubility of these AHPTs in the water. Thus the objective of this work was to increase their hydrosolubility. At first, in agreement with the recommendations and/or the existing standards, we demonstrated that the antibacterial spectra of UA and OA are limited to Gram-positive bacteria. No HPTA showed antifungal activity. Only the BA showed an interesting antiviral activity on human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV); no antiviral activity was on Poliovirus. Finally, the BA, but even more UA showed an anticancer activity against cellular model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Secondly, we proceeded to the manufacturing and to the study of complexes between HPTAs and cyclodextrines. We retained gamma-cyclodextrine (gamma-CD), which presented the advantage to complex the 3 AHPTs with a constant of "average" to "raised". These HPTAs:gamma-CD complexes were characterized by using diverse techniques: chromatographic, thermal and spectrometric. We concluded in the obtaining of inclusion complexes which allowed increasing the solubility of the HPTAs. In a last part, we estimated the biological activities of the HPTAs:gamma-CD complexes. The results show that the UA:gamma-CD and OA:gamma-CD complexes remain active against Gram-positive bacteria (but with a weaker efficiency); whereas the BA:gamma-CD complex shows to be active on certain bacteria. The BA:gamma-CD complex, and in a surprising way the UA:gamma-CD complex presents an antiviral activity against the hCMV. Finally, the decrease of the cytotoxicity linked to the complexation of the HPTAs believes the interest of UA and of BA on CML cells
Selosse, Sandrine. "L'organisation des activités scientifiques et les relations science industrie : Une illustration par l'analyse des brevets déposés par le CNRS de 1995 à 2005 et par une problématique de la structuration des génopoles de France." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0027.
Full textThe aim of this work consists of an analysis of the scientific activities such that they are organized between the academic and industrial worlds. In a first part, through a parallel between France and the United States, we started off by explaining the setting up, after World War II, of the dichotomous system of scientific knowledge production, establishing an opaque border between public and private research. Then, considering the evolutions of the financial, legal, technological and economic environments, we characterized the alternative system of scientific knowledge coproduction which developed since the end of the 20th century. In a second part, we concentrated on the science-industry relationships in France, through a double approach. The first is based on an analysis of the bibliographical data of the patent applications of CNRS between 1995 and 2005 and the second on an illustration by the French policy of Génopoles. So, the aim is to highlight the main characteristics of the economic valorisation of scientific knowledge carried out by CNRS, as well as various collaborations that it ties in particular with diversified categories of companies. Then, strengthened by the results from the analyses of the patents filed by CNRS, the Genopoles study allowed us to apprehend the means implemented by France in order to adapt to these evolutions as well as the obstacles which persist
Grison, Pauline. "Les questions scientifiques et techniques sensibles dans le média exposition : le cas de la thématique alimentation et santé et du musée du pôle de compétitivité de la filière fruits et légumes." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG1148/document.
Full textThis research is focused on the display of socioscientific issues in science exhibitions. The concept of socioscientific issues has not been theorized in Information and Communication Sciences yet. It includes all the knowledge that does not bring consensus among the scientific community and that calls into question their social acceptability. Their integration to museums raise many issues concerning the kind of mediation that is adopted in the exhibition as a medium. The conduct of this thesis work is closely linked to its context of production, which is a CIFRE convention with the fruit and vegetable cluster. This one having a project of museum for fruit and vegetables, we worked professionally on the development of this project and academically we lead a reflexion about the display of one specific subject into science exhibitions, namely the link between food and health. The research begins with the building of a theoretical frame of the concept, that means the definition of socioscientific issues and the features of the subject of food-health relationships as a socioscientific issue. Then we propose a formal and contrastive analysis of 6 exhibitions dealing with this subject, with the goal of characterizing different mediation attitudes. Finally we focus the research on the development of the museum of fruit and vegetables by the cluster, in order to refine the results with a more specific analysis of the prefiguration of an exhibition device
Jamborova-Lemay, Diana. "Analyse morphologique automatique du slovaque : étude approfondie du système linguistique slovaque et sa reconnaissance d'après la forme dans les textes scientifiques et techniques, application au machinisme agricole." Paris, INALCO, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAL0013.
Full textAutomatic morphological analysis of Slovak language is the first level of an automatical analyser for Slovak's scientifical and technical texts. Such a system could be used for different applications : automatic text indexation, automatic research of terminology or translation systems. A rule-based description of language's regularities as well as the use of all the formal level elements of words allow to reduce considerably the volume of dictionaries. Notably in case of inflectionally rich languages such as Slovak. The results obtained by our morphological analyser justify such an approach and confirm the high reliability of morphological analysis based on form-recognition for all lexical categories
Nicchi, Sandra. "Etude du coping et de la stabilité du coping : influence des variables personnelles et situationnelles : thèse pour le doctorat en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives." Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMS009.
Full textThe purpose of this study is the influence of personal and situational characteristics on coping and coping stability within the framework of the transactional model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The study is in three parts. The first part is on the influence of personal and situational characteristics on coping. The purpose of the second part is to underline coping stability across time and situations. The third part is a qualitative analysis on coping process, coping strategies identification, and the observation of coping stability. The subjects are 42 high level athletes, 18 men and 24 women, 19 to 31 years old (m=21,8 ± 2,2), playing team sports. The main psychological questionnaires are : the Ways of Coping Checklist (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984) reduced by Vitaliano et al. (1985), translated and validated in French by Paulhan (1994), and the NEO PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1985) translated and validated in French by Rolland & Petot (1998)
Hartung, Olaf. "Museen des Industrialismus : Formen bürgerlicher Geschichtskultur am Beispiel des Bayerischen Verkehrsmuseums und des Deutschen Bergbaumuseums /." Köln : Böhlau, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413478585.
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