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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activits'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hart, Jennifer. "Activism among feminist academics: Professionalized activism and activist professionals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279983.

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While focusing on the professional lives of women faculty, little of the scholarship addresses how faculty women mobilize or how and with whom they create networks in order to work in academe. It is the extraordinary dimension of women who collectively act on and in academe and society in which I am interested. Through an exploratory comparative case study, I seek to understand the relationships and activism of faculty women in order to shed light on what women are doing to address issues of equity and discrimination and on how women succeed. I will use semi-structured individual interviews and document and observational analyses from two Research I feminist faculty grassroots organizations to provide a deeper understanding of how particular feminist faculty organize in a climate that is entrenched in the patriarchy. From this study, I hope to show that feminism and activism can have a meaningful place in the academy. Moreover, I hope to provide examples of what academic feminism looks like. Finally, I hope that this study will make significant recommendations for those in higher education to assist in eroding the patriarchal systems embedded in academe.
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2

Manandhar, Sanjay. "Activity server--a model for everday office activities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13917.

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3

Martell, Julianne. "Identifying Dysregulated Protein Activities Using Activity-Based Proteomics." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106812.

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Thesis advisor: Eranthie Weerapana
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemical proteomic technique that allows for selective labeling, visualization, and enrichment of the subset of active enzymes in a complex proteome. Given the dominant role of posttranslational modifications in regulating protein function in vivo, ABPP provides a direct readout of activity that is not attained through traditional proteomic methods. The first application of chemical proteomics in C. elegans was used to identify dysregulated serine hydrolase and cysteine-mediated protein activities in the long-lived daf-2 mutant, revealing LBP-3, K02D7.1, and C23H4.2 as novel regulators of lifespan and dauer formation. The tools of ABPP were also utilized in studying protein interactions at the host-pathogen interface of V. cholerae infection, discovering four pathogen-secreted proteases that alter the biochemical composition of the host, decrease the activity of host serine hydrolases, and inhibit bacterial binding by a host-secreted lectin. Lastly, ABPP was used to study the targets of protein arginine deiminases (PADs) using a citrulline-specific activity-based probe (ABP), highlighting its utility in detecting biologically relevant PAD substrates as well as identifying mRNA processing factors as previously unknown targets of PAD. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the ability of ABPP to discover novel protein regulators of physiological and pathological processes
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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4

Yagi, Sakina. "Etudes phytochimique et biologique de plantes soudanaises : Hydnora johannis Beccari (Hydnoraceae) et Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. (Cucurbitaceae)." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10138.

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Différents extraits ont été préparés à partir de racines de H. johannis et différents tests biologiques ont été appliqués en vue de rechercher différentes activités. L'extrait aqueux s'est montré particulièrement actif sur Enterococcus fecalis, Staphylococcus aureus et Bacillus. Les extraits aqueux dépourvus de tanins et les tanins isolés ne présentent pas d'activité antibactérienne. L'effet synergétique des composés serait donc responsable de l'activité antibactérienne de la plante. Une activité antifongique sur Microsporum canis, une propriété antiradicalaire et une activité antiglycation ont été constatées avec les deux extraits. Une étude toxicologique de la poudre de plante et de l'extrait éthanolique sur des rats révèle une toxicité au niveau du foie et de la rate. Cinq composés ont été isolés puis identifiés. Il s'agit de 3',4',5-Trihydroxy-6,7-diméthoxyflavone ; 3,5-Dihydroxy-4,7-diméthoxy dihydroflavonol, Catéchine, Vanilline et l'acide Protocatechuic. Du stigmastérol, de l'acide oléique, de l'acide myristique et de l'acide palmitique ont été également identifiés. Le travail sur C. lanatus var. citroides a montré que l'extrait méthanolique (70%) des pulpes de fruits possède une activité contre B. subtilis, S. aureus et E. coli. Les extraits butanolique et à l'acétate d'éthyle ne sont pas toxiques contre les larves de crevettes. L'extrait butanolique possède une propriété significative antiradicalaire. Deux composés ont été isolés et identifiés. Ce sont la Cucurbitacine E 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside et la Cucurbitacine L 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside. Ces composés montrent une activité antibacterienne contre E. coli. La Cucurbitacine L 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside possède une activité antibactérienne contre P. aeruginosa et une propriété modérée anti-radicaux libres
Different extracts were prepared from the roots of H. johannis and different biological tests were performed. Water extract exhibited significant activity against Enterococcus fecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus. Water extract devoid from tannin or the tannin fraction did not show any antibacterial activity reflecting the synergistic property of active compounds. Both extracts showed antifungal, antiradical capacity as well as antiglycation activity. Toxicological study of the powder and ethanol extract on rats showed toxicity to the liver and kidney tissues. Five compounds were isolated namely; 3,4,5- Trihydroxy- 6,7-dimethoxy flavone ; 3,5-Dihydroxy- 4,7- dimethoxy dihydroflavonol, Catechin, Vanillin and Protocatechuic acid. Stigmasterol, Oleic acid, Myristic acid and Palmitic acid were also identified. A study on the fruit pulps of C. lanatus var. citroides revealed that the methanolic extract displayed an antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli. The butanolic extract showed antiradical capacity and was not toxic to brine shrimps larvae. Two compounds were isolated namely; Cucurbitacine E 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside and Cucurbitacine L 2-O- [bêta] -glucopyranoside. Both compounds showed antibacterial activity against E.coli whereas, Cucurbitacine L 2-O-[bêta]-glucopyranoside showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa as well as antiradical activity
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5

Chakraborty, Shatakshi. "A study on context driven human activity recognition framework." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439308572.

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6

Ben, Rhouma-Martin Ghada. "Oligomérisation enzymatique de flavonoïdes et évaluation des activités biologiques des oligomères synthétisés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0017/document.

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L'oligomérisation enzymatique de la rutine et esculine a donné lieu à cinq fractions d'oligomères de masse moléculaire moyenne entre 2127,42 et 8331,85 g/mol pour la rutine et 688,12 et 6973 g/mol pour l'esculine. L'analyse de ces fractions par FTIR montre que les fractions d'oligorutines sont obtenues à travers des liaisons C-C, C-O et C=O. Les fractions d'oligoesculines sont obtenues à travers des liaisons C-C. Une meilleure solubilité des oligorutines et des oligoesculines dans l'eau et une plus faible solubilité de ces oligomères dans l'éthanol comparé à leurs monomères a été mis en évidence. Une diminution de l'activité antiradicalaire vis-à-vis de DPPH., ABTS+. et OH. proportionnelle à la masse moléculaire moyenne des fractions d'oligorutines a été observé, contrairement aux fractions d'oligoesculines qui montrent un important pouvoir chélateur de ces mêmes radicaux comparé à leurs monomère. Une augmentation du pouvoir chélateur de fer, inhibiteur de la xanthine oxydase, réducteur du cuivre (CUPRAC), de l'activité antigénotoxique, ainsi que de l'activité stimulatrice de la prolifération des splénocytes, et des lymphocytes (B et T) proportionnelle au degré d'oligomérisation des oligomères étudiées a été noté. L'effet des fractions d'oligorutines et oligoesculines étudiées sur les macrophages en suivant la production de monoxyde d'azote (NO) montre un pouvoir anti-inflammatoire comparé à leurs monomères. L'étude de l'activité lysosomale induite par les fractions d'oligorutine révèle un pouvoir immunostimulateur proportionnelle à la masse moléculaire moyenne des oligorutines, et inversement proportionnelle à celle-ci pour les oligoesculines
Rutin and esculin have been polymerized by laccase. Five fractions with between 2127.42 and 8331.85 g/mol for oligorutins, and between 688.12 and 6973 g/mol for oligoesculins, were obtained. Fourier transformed infrared analysis showed that oligorutins were formed through C-C, C-O and C=O linkages, while oligoesculins were obtained through C-C linkages. Oligorutins and oligoesculins show a higher solubility in water and a lower solubility in ethanol compared to their monomers. The oligomerization of rutin decrease its antiradical capacity, while oligoesculin fractions demonstrated a high antiradical activity compared to monomeric esculin. Oligomer fractions showed a better iron chelating power, xanthine oxidase inhibition, copper reducing power (CUPRAC), antigenotoxic activity, and splenocytes stimulator activity compared to their monomers. Oligorutin and oligoesculin exhibited an important anti-inflammatory capacity through the nitric oxide inhibition. Moreover, oligorutin fractions demonstrated an immunostimulatory effect proportional to their degree of oligomerization, while oligoesculin fractions showed an immunostimulatory effect inversely proportional to their degree of oligomerization
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7

Dimayuga, Mario Arnulfo De Leon. "Structure-activity relationship studies of biological activities of chemicals." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055532031.

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8

Lacombe, Isabelle. "Les enjeux conceptuels de l'ABC/ABM dans le domaine des services : applications dans un cadre multinational." Paris 12, 1997. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01565133.

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L'abc/abm (activity-based costing/management) est une nouvelle methode d'analyse des couts et de la performance. Elle se base sur le concept d'activite pour allouer les couts plus finement et apporte une gestion transversale de l'organisation. L'abc est ne dans les annees 70-80 au sein du secteur industriel et commence maintenant a etre utilisee dans les societes de services (banques, assurances, hopitaux par exemple) et dans les activites de service des entreprises (l'informatique, le marketing, la distribution, la gestion des ressources humaines, le service apres-vente, etc). Cependant, les activites de service comportent certaines specificites. Elles seraient plus difficilement mesurables. Leur produit final serait different du produit industriel, car il serait immateriel, non stockable et moins standardise. On peut se demander s'il ne serait pas necessaire d'adapter et de developper les concepts de l'abc/abm au domaine des services. Aussi, cette these etudie l'application de cette methode au domaine des services a travers cinq pistes de recherche : 1- l'appartenance au secteur des service joue-t-elle un role dans l'application de la methode abc/abm ? 2- les aspects culturels ont-ils une influence determinante lors de la mise en place de la methode abc/abm ? 3- la mesure est-elle plus difficile a operer dans le domaine des services ? 4- le mode d'integration de l'abc par rapport aux systemes d'information comptables existants est-il un facteur conditionnant le succes de la methode abc? 5- quel mode de mise en oeuvre du changement doit-on utiliser lors de la mise en place de l'abc/abm? apres l'etude des concepts theoriques, cette recherche tente d'apporter des reponses a travers une enquete terrain utilisant la methode des etudes de cas. Ainsi, l'etude de cas principale concerne hewlett-packard (et plus particulierement la maintenance informatique). Ce cas est compare a celui d'air france cargo, axa, banque de france, boots, facom, france 3, france telecom, hopitaux de paris, matif, ocegraphics, le secteur de la presse, snecma, sncf, sogep. Le but de cette recherche est de proposer une methodologie de mise en place reussie de l'abc/abm au domaine des services
Abc/abm (activity-based costing/management) is a new methodology to analyze costs and performance. It uses the concept of activity to allocate costs more logically and gives a transversal management of organizations. Abc was born during 70-80 in industry. But abc is now used in the service companies (banks, insurance, hospitals for instance) and in the service activities of companies (computer, marketing, distribution, human resources, support, etc. ). But these activities have some specificities. They are not easy to be measured. Their final products would be different from the industrial ones because they are intangible, non storable, and less standardized. We can wondered if it is necessary to adapt and develop the abc/abm concepts to the service sector. So, this thesis studies the application of this method to the service sector using 5 issues : 1- do the fact to be part of the service sector has an importance concerning the application of abc/abm ? 2- do the cultural aspects have an important influence during the application of abc/abm ? 3- is measurement more difficult to operate in the service sector ? 4- is the way to integrate abc on the existing accounting information systems a factor determining the success of the abc method ? 5- how to implement change during the introduction of abc/abm ? after the study of theoretical concepts, this research tries to give answers using the case study methodology. So the main case study concerns hewlett-packard (and mainly the experience of the hardware support for computers). This case is compared to air france cargo, axa, banque de france, boots, facom, france 3, france telecom, hopitaux de paris, matif, oce graphics, press sector, snecma, sncf, sogep. The goal of this research is to propose a methodology to successfully implement abc/abm to the service sector
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9

Benbouguerra, Nawel. "Évolutions structurales et propriétés biologiques des polyphénols au cours de la maturation des baies de vitis vinifera." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG041.

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Les polyphénols appartiennent à la famille des métabolites secondaires présents dans les plantes et majoritairement dans les baies de raisin. Ils jouent un rôle important dans la protection de la plante contre les stress biotiques et abiotiques. Ils ont un impact sur la qualité organoleptique des certains aliments comme ceux provenant du raisin et sont connus majoritairement pour leurs rôles bénéfiques pour la santé humaine. Une étude globale sur la composition phénolique et les activités biologiques (antioxydante, anti-inflammatoire et anti-diabète) des extraits phénoliques des pépins et pellicules de trois cépages rouges Merlot, Tannat et Syrah à différents stades de maturité a été réalisé durant cette thèse. Les extraits de pépins contiennent une teneur plus élevée de composés phénoliques que les extraits de pellicules pour tous les stades de maturation. La composition phénolique diffère selon le stade de maturité et le tissu de la baie de raisin (pépin ou pellicule). L’activité antioxydante des extraits a été déterminée par des tests spectrophotométriques (DPPH, ABTS et FRAP) et des paramètres électrochimiques. L’activité anti-inflammatoire a été suivie par l’inhibition de la production des EROs et NO par les cellules RAW 264.7 stimulées. L’activité anti-diabétique a été déterminée par la mesure d’inhibition de l’enzyme α- glucosidase. Les activités biologiques sont positivement corrélées avec la teneur en flavanols et négativement corrélées avec la teneur en anthocyanes et stilbènes. Les activités biologiques les plus importantes ont été mesurées avant la maturité pour tous les tests et dans les trois cépages étudiés
Polyphenols belong to the family of secondary metabolites found in plants and mainly in grape berries. They play an important role in the protection of the plant against biotic and abiotic stresses. They have an impact on the organoleptic quality of certain foods such as those from grapes and are mainly known for their beneficial roles for human health. A global study on the phenolic composition and the biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetes) of the phenolic extracts of the seeds and skins of three red grape varieties Merlot, Tannat and Syrah at different stages of maturation was carried out during this thesis. Seed extracts contain a higher content of phenolic compounds than skin extracts for all stages of ripening. The phenolic composition differs depending on the stage of maturity and the tissue of the grape berry (seed or skin). The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric tests (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) and electrochemical parameters. Anti-inflammatory activity was followed by the inhibition of ROS and NO production by stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Anti-diabetic effect was determined by measuring the inhibition of the enzyme α-glucosidase activity. The biological activities are positively correlated with the content of flavanols and negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanins and stilbenes. The most important biological activities were measured before maturity for all the tests and in the three grape varieties studied
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CHRIST, MARIELLE. "Activites biologiques d'oxysterols et de leurs derives hydrosolubles. Activite antitumorale et immunomodulation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13142.

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Les oxysterols forment une famille de composes naturels toxiques sur des cellules tumorales en culture et possedant des proprietes immunomodulatrices. L'etude de l'activite antitumorale in vivo des oxysterols a ete rendue possible grace a l'obtention de prodrogues hydrosolubles d'oxysterols, phosphodiesters d'oxysterols et de nucleosides. Des traitements par des prodrogues du 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol, de souris porteuses du mastocytome p815 ont conduit a des augmentations de la duree de vie des souris ainsi qu'a 20 a 40% de guerisons, selon les protocoles utilises. In vitro, les oxysterols provoquent l'apoptose (mort cellulaire programmee) dans les lymphomes mais egalement dans des thymocytes murins. Ce phenomene est aboli par des inhibiteurs de la biosynthese de macromolecules. Un traitement in vitro par les oxysterols de macrophages murins indique un effet prononce des oxysterols sur la morphologie de ces cellules et une nette diminution de l'expression des molecules de classe ii du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite a leur surface, pouvant supposer une participation des macrophages a l'activite immunosuppressive des oxysterols. Deux derives hydrosolubles du 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol inhibent fortement la production d'ion superoxyde par les neutrophiles humains stimules, resultant probablement d'un effet de ces composes sur la membrane cellulaire. La concentration intracytoplasmique en ca#+#+ dans ces cellules est augmentee par le 7,25-dihydroxycholesterol. Cet effet est probablement cause par une action de ce compose sur les canaux ioniques
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11

Hadj, Salem Jamila. "Extraction, identification, caractérisation des activités biologiques de flavonoïdes de Nitraria retusa et synthèse de dérivés acylés de ces molécules par voie enzymatique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL057N/document.

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Ce travail a consisté, dans un premier temps, à extraire et à identifier les flavonoïdes majeurs contenus dans les feuilles de Nitraria retusa et à évaluer leurs activités biologiques. Quatre flavonoïdes ont été identifiés dans les extraits et les fractions obtenus : l’isorhamnétine, l’isorhamnétine-3-O-glucoside et les deux isomères isorhamnétine-3-O-rutinoside et isorhamnétine-3-O-robinobioside. L’étude des activités biologiques des extraits et des fractions de N. retusa a permis d’établir une relation linéaire entre leur teneur en flavonoïdes et leurs activités antioxydantes et antiprolifératives, les milieux les plus riches présentant les activités les plus importantes. Ces activités dépendent également de la nature des flavonoïdes présents ; ainsi, la très forte activité d’inhibition de la xanthine oxydase relevée pour la fraction au chloroforme et sa grande capacité à piéger le radical DPPH ont été attribuées à sa teneur élevée en isorhamnétine, flavonoïde aglycone présentant une grande analogie structurale avec la quercétine, molécule bien connue pour ses activités antioxydantes. Dans un deuxième temps, l’acylation enzymatique de l’isoquercitrine, flavonoïde modèle, et de l’isorhamnétine-3-O-glucoside a été étudiée pour tenter d’améliorer leurs propriétés. L’acylation enzymatique de l’isoquercitrine par des esters éthyliques d’acides gras de différentes longueurs de chaîne, catalysée par la lipase B de Candida antarctica, a montré que les performances de la réaction sont inversement proportionnelles à la longueur de la chaîne du donneur d’acyle. Des résultats similaires ont été obtenus lors de l’acylation de l’isorhamnétine-3-O-glucoside. Les activités des esters d’isoquercitrine et d’isorhamnétine-3-O-glucoside ont été évaluées et comparées à celles des flavonoïdes non acylés. Les esters ont montré des activités antiprolifératives vis-à-vis de cellules Caco2 et d’inhibition de la xanthine oxydase plus importantes que celles des molécules d’origine. Finalement, ce travail a permis d’apporter des éléments de compréhension de la relation structure-activité de flavonoïdes et de leurs dérivés acylés
The present work firstly consisted in studying the extraction and the identification of major flavonoids contained in Nitraria retusa leaves and evaluating their biological activities. Four flavonoids were identified in extracts and fractions: isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and the two isomers isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside. The evaluation of the biological activities of extracts and fractions of N. retusa allowed to establish a linear relationship between their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities and their total flavonoids content, the most enriched exhibiting the highest activities. The nature of the flavonoids present in the extracts and fractions was shown to be important too. Thus, the strong xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and the high DPPH radical scavenging capacity observed for the chloroform fraction can be attributed to its high content in the aglycone flavonoid isorhamnetin, a structural analogue of quercetin which is well known for its antioxidant activities. In a second part, the enzymatic acylation of isoquercitrin as a model compound and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside was studied in order to improve their properties. The enzymatic acylation of isoquercitrin by fatty acid ethyl esters of different chain lengths, catalyzed by the lipase B of Candida antarctica, showed that the performance of the reaction is inversely proportional to the acyl donor chain length. Similar results were obtained when acylating the isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside. The activities of isoquercitrin and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside esters were determined and compared to that of initial flavonoids. Esters exhibited higher antiproliferative towards Caco2 cells and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities than original compounds. Finally, this work led to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of flavonoids and their acylated derivatives
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Tuncer, Fatma Gökcen. "ATTENTION! ART IS ON THE STAGE : An Applied MasterProject onActivist Art Including theInterview Series withNine Artists from Seven Art Forms." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25841.

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The balance of the world has been built on various empires, kingdoms, civilizations and economic systems for centuries. This study is written in the belief that the center of the world rule started to change. The determiners are not the leaders or the systems anymore but the individuals themselves. People are aware of that their voice can easily reach to the rest of the world. For most of the people it is not onlysharing their ideas on various social networks but also playing an active role in the world order. Since every human being has different ways of expressing themselves, their active role will also differ from each other. This study focuses on the active role of Art, which is one of the important ways when it is about self-expression. By this research, it is aimed to find answers to the following questions: "How can art be effective in the change of the world?" and "In what point activist art differs from propaganda?"
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Mackenzie, Jason. "Relation entre la proximité à des infrastructures récréatives et le maintien des pratiques d’activités physiques organisées et non-organisées lors de la transition entre l’enfance et l’adolescence." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7519.

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Résumé : Introduction : Les infrastructures récréatives telles que les parcs et les pistes cyclables peuvent fournir des opportunités pour pratiquer l’activité physique (AP). Comme les déterminants de l’AP organisée et non-organisée (APO et APNO) pourraient différer, nous avons investigués si la proximité à des infrastructures récréatives est associée avec le maintien de la participation à l’APO et à l’APNO sur une durée de trois ans lors de la transition entre l’enfance et l’adolescence. Méthodes : 187 jeunes, initialement âgées de 10 à 12 ans, ont rapporté leur participation à l’APO et l’APNO trois fois par an pendant trois ans pour un total de neuf cycles d’observations. Les données sur la proximité des infrastructures récréatives ont été obtenues par le biais de questionnaires téléphoniques auprès des parents. Les scores de proximité ont été divisés en tertiles. Des analyses Kaplan-Meier et des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox ont été utilisés pour estimer les associations univariées et multivariées entre la proximité aux infrastructures récréatives et le nombre de cycles moyen dans lequel l’APO et l’APNO a été maintenu. Résultats : Aucune différence, brute ou ajustée, de la durée moyenne du maintien de la participation à l’APO [nombre de cycles d’observation moyen (intervalle de confiance 95%) était 6.6 (5.7, 7.5), 6.3 (5.5, 7.1), et 5.8 (5.1, 6.6)] et à l’APNO [6.8 (6.2, 7.4), 5.9 (5.3, 6.5), 6.6 (5.9, 7.3)] a été observée entre les tertiles de proximités bas, moyen et haut, respectivement. Conclusion : Les résultats suggèrent que la proximité aux infrastructures récréatives n’influence pas le maintien de l’APO et de l’APNO lors de la transition entre l’enfance et l’adolescence. D’autres aspects de l’environnement physique pourraient avoir un effet sur le maintien de l’APO et de l’APNO.
Abstract : Background: Physical activity (PA) infrastructures such as parks and cycle lanes can provide youth opportunities to engage in physical activity. As the determinants of organized and unorganized PA (OPA and UPA) are likely to differ, we investigated if proximity to PA infrastructure was associated with maintenance of participation in OPA and UPA over 3 years during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Methods: Youth (n=187) initially 10-12 years self-reported participation in OPA and UPA at 4 month intervals over 3 years for a total of nine survey cycles. Data on proximity to PA infrastructures was obtained from parents through phone-based questionnaires. Proximity scores were divided into tertiles. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess univariate and multivariate associations between proximity to PA infrastructure and number of cycles in which OPA and UPA were maintained. Results: There were no crude or adjusted differences in average duration of maintenance of participation in OPA [mean number of survey cycle participation (95% confidence interval) was 6.6 (5.7, 7.5), 6.3 (5.5, 7.1), and 5.8 (5.1, 6.6)] and UPA [6.8 (6.2, 7.4), 5.9 (5.3, 6.5), 6.6 (5.9, 7.3)] across low, moderate and high tertiles of proximity to PA infrastructure scores, respectively. Conclusion: Findings are suggestive that proximity to PA infrastructure alone does not affect maintenance of participation in OPA or UPA during adolescence. Other aspects of the environment may have a greater effect. Thus, further research is needed on these aspects before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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14

Gernigon, Christophe. "La resignation apprise : conditions d'installation et perspectives de remediation dans les taches motrices." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100117.

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L'objet de la presente these est d'apprehender experimentalement certaines conditions d'installation et de reduction de la resignation apprise (seligman, 1975) dans le contexte des taches motrices. Les principaux resultats relatifs aux conditions d'installation de la resignation montrent que, dans une tache perceptivo-motrice, les performances se deteriorent a la suite de la confrontation a une premiere tache incontrolable, tandis que les expectations d'efficacite personnelle sont affectees par les echecs. Plus precisement, concernant les performances et les expectations, la resignation apprise, identifiable a partir de l'observation d'un groupe temoin, est generee par des experiences incontrolables ponctuees d'echecs. En revanche, une degradation de la persistance, correspondant egalement a un etat de resignation apprise, s'observe sous l'effet d'experiences controlables s'etant soldees par des echecs. La persistance est d'autant plus erodee que les participants s'attribuent la responsabilite de leurs echecs. Dans une perspective de remediation, il apparait que des procedures d'entrainement reposant sur une association de taches faciles et de taches difficiles a realiser sont suivies d'effets motivationnels generalisables, ceci comparativement a l'absence d'entrainement. Contrairement a nos hypotheses, des commentaires destines a inciter les participants a attribuer leurs resultats a l'effort s'averent superflus. Les resultats de ces etudes confirment donc la pertinence du modele de la resignation apprise dans le domaine des taches motrices, meme si des incertitudes restent a lever a propos du role de certains de ses mediateurs cognitifs
The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to examine some of the conditions of setting up and the alleviation of learned helplessness (seligman, 1975) in the domain of motor tasks. The main results concerning the setting up conditions of learned helplessness show that in a perceptivo-motor task, performances deteriorate following a first confrontation with an uncontrollable task, whereas self-efficacy expectations are affected by failures. More precisely, with regard to performances and expectations, learned helplessness, identifiable by observing a control group, is generated from uncontrollable experiences which concluded in failures. On the contrary, a deterioration of persistence, also corresponding to a learned helplessness state, is observable under the effect of controllable experiences that resulted in failures. The more the participants attribute the responsibility of their failures to themselves, the more persistence is eroded. In a remediation perspective, it appears that training procedures involving an association of easy and difficult tasks are followed by generalised motivational effects, compared with the absence of training. Contrary to our hypotheses, attributional comments intended to incite participants to attribute their outcomes to effort appear superfluous. The results of these studies confirm the relevance of the learned helplessness model in the domain of motor tasks, yet more research is needed concerning the role of some of the cognitive mediators of learned helplessness
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Camuzat-Dedenis, Boris. "Synthèse de 1,2,4-trioxanes à activité antipaludique : relations structures/activités et mécanime d'action." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114830.

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16

Allan, Jen Iris. "Activists across issues : forum multiplying and the new climate change activism." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61189.

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To a growing class of climate change activists, climate change is not only an environmental issue – it is a labour, gender, justice, indigenous rights, and faith (to name a few) issue. All starting at roughly the same time, an influx of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) made social claims on an environmental issue and changed the politics of climate governance. Their participation to advance these social claims is costly: staff retrained; information researched, analyzed, and disseminated; and relationship building undertaken. All these costs served a new frame, linking the NGOs’ social issue to climate change. This sustained mobilization of a network of NGOs in a regime that is not their own is called forum multiplying. NGOs are surprisingly mobile, as environmentalists campaign on free trade and development issues, and unions and children’s advocates work in the context of human rights. Drawing on 72 interviews, seven social network analyses, and three years of participant observation, this research investigates the politics of forum multiplying as NGOs seek recognition within a new area of global governance. NGO networks engage in forum multiplying to contribute to solutions, recruit new allies to their cause, and avoid becoming mired in stalemates that characterize other areas of global governance. Motivation is insufficient to mobilize a network toward a collective end. I posit that two mechanisms help explain why some NGO networks undertake forum multiplying strategies and others do not. First, the ability of NGOs to capitalize on the authority that they hold in their traditional forum, and to bring that authority into the new forum helps them secure recognition for their claims. Second, NGOs’ identification of strategic entry points in the rules and norms of the new regime facilitates forum multiplying. The rules and norms of a regime can provide a discursive “hook” for the NGOs’ claims that their issue is linked to the issues of their targeted regime, showing that they belong. Forum multiplying pollinates new ideas into old regimes, potentially bringing the “all hands on deck” approach necessary to mobilize a sufficient response to global climate change.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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17

Melnik, Emil. "Centrum volnočasových a sportovních aktivit Pardubice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226111.

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It is about a new building, Free times activits center 3710/3 in a catastral Pardubice 717657. The building has two floors, withount any cellar. The structure system of walls is bassed on the basse passes. Horizontal structures are made from prestessed panels. The roof is flat, only one – coated. Floors are hooked uz by concrete stairs and by lift.
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Younes, Rabih Halim. "Toward Practical, In-The-Wild, and Reusable Wearable Activity Classification." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83503.

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Wearable activity classifiers, so far, have been able to perform well with simple activities, strictly-scripted activities, and application-specific activities. In addition, current classification systems suffer from using impractical tight-fitting sensor networks, or only use one loose-fitting sensor node that cannot capture much movement information (e.g., smartphone sensors and wrist-worn sensors). These classifiers either do not address the bigger picture of making activity recognition more practical and being able to recognize more complex and naturalistic activities, or try to address this issue but still perform poorly on many fronts. This dissertation works toward having practical, in-the-wild, and reusable wearable activity classifiers by taking several steps that include the four following main contributions. The dissertation starts by quantifying users' needs and expectations from wearable activity classifiers to set a framework for designing ideal wearable activity classifiers. Data collected from user studies and interviews is gathered and analyzed, then several conclusions are made to set a framework of essential characteristics that ideal wearable activity classification systems should have. Afterwards, this dissertation introduces a group of datasets that can be used to benchmark different types of activity classifiers and can accommodate for a variety of goals. These datasets help comparing different algorithms in activity classification to assess their performance under various circumstances and with different types of activities. The third main contribution consists of developing a technique that can classify complex activities with wide variations. Testing this technique shows that it is able to accurately classify eight complex daily-life activities with wide variations at an accuracy rate of 93.33%, significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art. This technique is a step forward toward classifying real-life natural activities performed in an environment that allows for wide variations within the activity. Finally, this dissertation introduces a method that can be used on top of any activity classifier that allows access to its matching scores in order to improve its classification accuracy. Testing this method shows that it improves classification results by 11.86% and outperforms the state-of-the-art, therefore taking a step forward toward having reusable activity classification techniques that can be used across users, sensor domains, garments, and applications.
Ph. D.
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Palici, Ionut-Florin. "Valorisation des activités biologiques de certaines espèces végétales sahariennes nord-africaines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0321/document.

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La région sahariennne est une des zones les plus défavorables à la croissance et développement des espèces animales. Cependant, peu d’espèces possèdent à la fois des mécanismes morphologiques et écophysiologiques, assurant leur survie dans les sols arides et sur les dunes de sable.En effet, on peut estimer que le métabolisme secondaire biosynthétise des quantités considérables de composés bioactifs, destinés à assurer le développement et la continuité de ces espèces, notamment leur survie dans ces conditions sahariennes précaires.Les propriétés pharmacologiques des extraits de plantes sahariennes peuvent apporter des bénéfices dans la guérison de certaines maladies microbiennes ou prolifératives ou également contribuer au développement de certaines activités antioxydantes.L'étude des propriétés toxiques vise donc à enrichir la connaissance du potentiel bioactif des plantes sahariennes.Ces aspects de la puissance du métabolisme furent étudiés chez certaines espèces végétales strictement sahariennes. Il s’agit de : Anthyllis henoniana Coss., Centropodiaforskalii (Vahl) Cope, Cornulaca monacantha Delile, Ephedra alata var. alenda (Stapf.)Trabut, Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss & Reut., Henophyton deserti Coss. & Durieu,Hélianthemum confertum Dunal, Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst. et Spartidiumsaharae (Coss. & Durieu) Pomel. Les principaux résultats obtenus montrent que ces espèces possèdent des propriétés intéressantes, susceptibles d’être utiles pour le traitement de certaines maladies humaines.En revanche, parfois à certaines concentrations, des extraits de ces espèces peuvent présenter des effets toxiques sur les organismes.En dépit des conditions extrêmes, le Sahara représente la zone de développement d'une certaine diversité biologique, et principalement des espèces de plantes précieuses dont une meilleure connaissance scientifique de leur propriétés phytochimiques se révèle indispensable
The Saharan desert is one of the most unfavorable areas, to the plant life. However, a small number of plants possesses both morphological and ecophysiological mechanisms ensuring their survival in the arid soil and on the sand dunes.It can be estimated that the secondary metabolism biosynthesizes considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, meant to ensure the development and the continuity of these species.The pharmacological properties of saharan plant extracts may bring benefits in the healing of certain microbial or proliferative diseases or contributes to the supply of antioxidants activities.The study of toxic properties is meant to enrich the knowledge of Saharan plants’bioactive potential.The biological activities of Anthyllis henoniana Coss., Centropodia forskalii (Vahl)Cope, Cornulaca monacantha Delile, Ephedra alata var. alenda (Stapf.) Trabut,Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss & Reut., Henophyton deserti Coss. & Durieu, Helianthemum confertum Dunal, Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst. and Spartidium saharae (Coss.& Durieu) Pomel have been studied. It can be seen that these species possess interesting properties, capitalized in the treatment of some human diseases. But, on the other hand in certain concentrations, extracts from these species may exhibit toxic effects onorganisms.Despite the extreme conditions, the Saharan desert represents the area of development for some valuable plant species, whose scientific knowledge is necessary
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20

Lubbers, Eveline. "Activist intelligence and covert corporate strategy : an analysis of corporate spying on critical activists." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11906.

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21

Kyparissis, Dimitrios. "Becoming and activist life stories of Greek activists participating in the European Social Forum." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549296.

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22

Mahadeo, Keshika. "Étude métabolomique et valorisation pharmacologique et biotechnologique d'éspèces du genre Psiadia endémiques de la Réunion et de l'ile Maurice." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0001/document.

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Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l’étude chimique de plantes du genre Psiadia. Trois axes de recherche ont été menés parallèlement à savoir (1) une étude chimiotaxonomique à partir de 11 espèces du genre Psiadia endémiques de La Réunion, (2) un criblage biologique réalisé sur 16 espèces du genre Psiadia dont 11 endémiques de La Réunion et 5 endémiques de Maurice et (3) une étude phytochimique ciblée sur l’espèce Psiadia arguta endémique de Maurice. Le premier axe comportant l'étude chimiotaxonomique menée par une approche métabolomique avait pour objectif d'identifier des marqueurs chimiotaxonomiques. Cette étude a été effectuée à partir des analyses CG-SM et CG-DIF des composés volatils et des analyses RMN 1H des composés non volatils de 11 espèces endémiques de La Réunion récoltées sur différents lieux géographiques et au cours des saisons estivale et hivernale. Une analyse intra-espèce a permis d'étudier la variabilité saisonnière et/ou géographique de la composition chimique de chaque espèce. Une analyse inter-espèces a conduit à deux classifications différentes des 11 espèces selon leur composition en métabolites volatils et non volatils. Le deuxième axe avait pour objectif d'identifier parmi 11 espèces du genre Psiadia endémiques de La Réunion et 5 espèces endémiques de Maurice, les espèces présentant une ou des activités biologiques prometteuses. Les cibles biologiques choisies ont été le parasite Plasmodium falciparum responsable du paludisme, la lignée cellulaire humaine cancéreuse HeLa responsable du cancer du col de l'utérus et l'enzyme HRP (Horseradish peroxydase) intervenant dans la réponse inflammatoire. À l'issue de ce criblage, 5 espèces se sont révélées prometteuses : les espèces réunionnaises P. amygdalina et P. anchusifolia et les espèces mauriciennes P. arguta et P. lithospermifolia pour l'activité antiplasmodiale, ainsi que l'espèce réunionnaise P. dentata pour les trois activités testées. Le troisième axe consacré à une étude phytochimique de P. arguta réalisée par un fractionnement bioguidé de l'extrait brut a conduit à l'isolement et à l'identification de 16 terpénoïdes : 2 triterpènes et 14 diterpènes de structure labdane dont 4 sont de structure nouvelle. Cinq diterpènes se sont révélés particulièrement actifs contre le parasite P. falciparum : l'acétate de labda-13(E)-en-8α-ol-15-yle, l'acétate de labdan-8α-ol-15-yle, le 13-épi-sclaréol, le labda-13(E)-ène-8α,15-diol et le (8R,13S)-labdane-8,15-diol. Par ailleurs, une étude métabolomique menée par RMN 1H sur des plantules de P. arguta cultivées in vitro et acclimatées a permis l'étude des facteurs influençant la production de ces composés bioactifs
The present work describes the chemical composition of the plant genus Psiadia and focuses on three research topics: (1) a chemotaxonomic study of 11 species endemic to Reunion island, (2) a biological screening of 16 Psiadia species among which 11 are endemic to Reunion and 5 are endemic to Mauritius and (3) a phytochemical investigation of Psiadia arguta, endemic to Mauritius. The aim of the chemotaxonomic study was to identify chemical markers by a metabolomic approach using GC-MS and GC-FID for volatiles compounds and 1H NMR for non-volatiles compounds. The 11 studied species were harvested in different locations and seasons in order to analyze the seasonal or geographical variability of the chemical profile of each species. This study led to two classifications of the 11 species in terms of the composition of volatiles and non-volatiles compounds. The objective of the second research topic was to identify within 11 species endemic to Reunion island and 5 species endemic to Mauritius, the most active species for the biological activities tested. The targeted activities were antiplasmodial against Plasmodium falciparum, anticancer against the human cancer cell lines HeLa and anti-inflammatory through the inhibition of the enzyme HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase). Four species, P. amygdalina and P. anchusifolia, endemic to Reunion, and P. arguta and P. lithospermifolia, endemic to Mauritius, were particularly active against P. falciparum. Besides, P. dentata (endemic to Reunion) displayed interesting antiplasmodial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The third research topic was devoted to a phytochemical investigation of P. arguta by a bioguided fractionation and led to purification and identification of 16 terpenoids: 2 triterpenes and 4 diterpenes including 4 new compounds. The evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity of all isolated compounds allowed to highlight activities of five diterpenes: labda-13(E)-en-8α-ol-15-yle acetate, labdan-8α-ol-15-yle acetate, 13-epi-sclareol, labda-13(E)-ene-8α,15-diol and (8R,13S)-labdane-8,15-diol. Furthermore, in order to identify factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds, P. arguta has been multiplicated using in vitro culture techniques and micropropagated plants were acclimatized
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23

TRAORE, MAMADOU. "Mecanisme neurochimiques de la regulation bulbaire de l'activite electrodermale." Lille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL30015.

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Par analogie aux mecanismes du controle descendant de la nociception, nous avons cherche a montrer le role de differents neurotransmetteurs dans l'inhibition bulbaire de l'activite electrodermale (aed). Cette fonction sympathique traduit l'ensemble des variations des caracteristiques electriques de la peau liees a l'activation des glandes sudoripares. Sur des preparations aigues ou chroniques, nous avons teste l'effet de differents antagonistes de neurotransmetteurs sur des reponses electrodermales declenchees par stimulation du champ tegmental central (appelees red-c) et inhibees par stimulation bulbaire simultanee (appelees rede). A) la naloxone administree par voie intraveineuse (img/kg) ou intrathecale (300 ug dans 300 ul de nacl) leve partiellement l'inhibition bulbaire de l'aed. Elle augmente significativement l'amplitude des red-e, restant sans effet sur l'amplitude des red-c. Ces donnees montrent qu'il existe un chainon inhibiteur opioidergique de l'aed. B) de meme, la yohimbine intrathecale (300 ug dans 300 ul de nacl) entraine une levee de l'inhibition bulbaire des red, qui se traduit uniquement par l'augmentation des red-e. Ainsi, l'inhibition bulbaire de l'aed semble regie par des mecanismes catecholaminergiques impliquant les recepteurs a2-adrenergiques. C) sur des preparations chroniques, nous avons note une diminution de l'inhibition bulbaire de l'aed se traduisant par une augmentation simultanee des amplitudes des red-e et des red-c, apres injection intraperithoneale de parachlorophenylalanine (pcpa, 750 mg/kg). La serotonine serait donc impliquee a la fois dans les chainons facilitateur et inhibiteur de la commande de l'aed. Les recepteurs 5-hts ne semblent pas impliques dans cette commande puisque l'injection intrathecale de mdl 72222 (300 ug dans 300 ul de nacl), sur des preparations aigues, ne modifie pas l'inhibition bulbaire des red. Par contre, les recepteurs 5-ht2 participeraient a la commande de l'aed: la ketanserine intrathecale (300 ug dans 300 ul) leve partiellement l'inhibition bulbaire, diminue considerablement l'amplitude des red-c, et reste sans effet sur l'amplitude des red-e. Nos donnees confirment que le site de l'inhibition bulbaire est spinal et precisent certains mecanismes neurochimiques du controle bulbaire de l'aed
By analogy with pain control, we analysed the involvement of differents transmitters in bulbar inhibition of electrodermal activity (eda). Eda is a sympathetic function resulting of skin electrical characteristic variations and depending on sweat glands activity. We analysed the effect of several neurotransmitter antagonists on electrodermal responses (edr) evoked by central tegmental field stimulation (called edr-c) and inhibited by simultaneous bulbar stimulation (called edr-e) in acute or chronic preparations, a) naloxone, intravenously (1 mg/kg) or intrathecally (300 pg in 300 u,l of cina) injected partially supressed bulbar inhibition of eda by increasing significantly edr-e amplitude without affecting edr-c amplitude. These data suggest that an opioid link is involved in bulbar inhibition of eda. B) likewise, yohimbine intrathecal injection (300 (ig in 300 ug of cina) partially suppressed bulbar inhibition of eda. This suppression is due only to the increase of edr-e amplitude. Thus, bulbar catecholaminergic inhibition of eda involves 012adrenoceptors activity, c) in chronic preparation, parachlorophenylalanine (pcpa, 750 mg/kg) intraperithoneally injected induced a partial supression of bulbar inhibition of eda, by increasing simultaneously edr-c and edr-e amplitude. A serotoninergic link is thus involved in the regulation of eda, in both facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. The 5-hts receptors seem not to be involved in any serotoninergic mechanisms, since intrathecal mdl 72222 (300 u,g) did not affect edr amplitude. On the other hand, intrathecal ketanserin (300 ug in 300 ul of cina) partially suppressed bulbar inhibition of eda, by attenuating considerably edr-c amplitude, without affecting edr-e amplitude: serotoninergic control of eda involves thus 5-ht2 mechanisms. M addition to the analyse of central neurochemical mechanisms of eda control, we confirmed that the site of bulbar inhibition of eda is spinal
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24

Abye, Tigest. "Life story narratives of Ethiopian women activists : the journey to feminist activism." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15864.

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Through the life story narratives of Ethiopian women activists, this research explores the journey of Ethiopian women activists during three political and historical periods (1955–1974; 1974–1991; 1991–2015). Thus, the study proposes a new perspective on the forms of Ethiopian women’s activism and subsequently the different types of feminism emerging from their narratives. Through examination of how the activists reflect on, reconstruct and give meaning to their life stories, this research unravels that their activism is informed by feminist principles. It also exposes that it is shaped by a long history of resistance to patriarchy, which enabled women in traditional Ethiopia to negotiate a certain level of “autonomy and liberty”. Contrary to the general expectation, the research demonstrates that the process of modernization (read: westernization) came with its own structure based on western patriarchy, and reinforced local patriarchy. In this new, formalized patriarchy, the rights that women had negotiated through their resistance in earlier times were diminished. This study on women activists, categorized for the purpose of this research as pioneers, revolutionaries and negotiators, suggests that Ethiopian women activists have since adopted different forms of engagement that tend to improve the social, cultural, economic and political conditions of Ethiopian women. Consequently, I argue that, while Ethiopian women’s activism and feminism is firmly embedded in the history of resistance of previous generations of Ethiopian women, the form of activism varies according to the political and historical context in which the activists negotiate and adapt the way they act.
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Pavai, Arumugam Thendramil. "SENSOR-BASED HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION USING BIDIRECTIONAL LSTM FOR CLOSELY RELATED ACTIVITIES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/776.

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Recognizing human activities using deep learning methods has significance in many fields such as sports, motion tracking, surveillance, healthcare and robotics. Inertial sensors comprising of accelerometers and gyroscopes are commonly used for sensor based HAR. In this study, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) approach is explored for human activity recognition and classification for closely related activities on a body worn inertial sensor data that is provided by the UTD-MHAD dataset. The BLSTM model of this study could achieve an overall accuracy of 98.05% for 15 different activities and 90.87% for 27 different activities performed by 8 persons with 4 trials per activity per person. A comparison of this BLSTM model is made with the Unidirectional LSTM model. It is observed that there is a significant improvement in the accuracy for recognition of all 27 activities in the case of BLSTM than LSTM.
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Suarez, Ashley R. "Activist anthropology : an ethnography of Asian American student activism at Oberlin College." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1334944597.

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Martin, Lydia. "De l’activité virtuelle à l’activité réelle : ressources et empêchements à la créativité de cadres formés au management d’équipe avec un serious gaming." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1009/document.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux activités créatrices et de conformisation sollicitées dans des dispositifs de serious gaming et à leur impact sur les situations réelles de travail des cadres. Pour explorer cet impact, nous sommes intervenus dans un programme de formation utilisant un simulateur d’hélicoptère de l’armée qui a été adapté pour former des cadres au management d’équipe. La recherche a duré deux ans et nous avons observé 16 sessions de jeu, rencontré 44 cadres de la même entreprise, tous volontaires. La recherche a analysé l’écart entre le travail prescrit et réel. En anglais, contrairement au français, deux mots définissent le mot jeu : « play » et « game ». Winnicott (1971) s’appuie sur le jeu en train de s’élaborer spontanément (play), plutôt que sur le jeu organisé et défini selon des règles précises (game). Ce « play » est considéré par Winnicott, comme un espace transitionnel : espace de développement où la créativité est prépondérante. La compréhension de ce qui se joue dans cet espace intermédiaire est essentielle pour explorer la relation entre le « jeu sérieux » et le travail réel. Nos observations et analyses des sessions de jeu et des entretiens nous conduisent à souligner le peu d’inventivité, de créativité à la fois pendant l’activité du jeu et ensuite dans le travail réel. La réorganisation du travail, le changement de rôles, la renormalisation du temps et le sentiment de décisions sont rares. Ceci nous a amenés à analyser ce qui a empêché les cadres d’entrer dans cette aire intermédiaire où la créativité est sollicitée. Ces empêchements concernent la quête du « bien faire », la pression temporelle, la culture d’entreprise, les contraintes matérielles et la compétitivité. De plus, une autre activité vient empêcher celle du jeu : la plupart des cadres se sont sentis évalués, et s’auto-évaluent, en tant que managers. Notre recherche tend à démontrer que le jeu suspend la réflexion, la délibération entre pairs, ce qui favorise une conformisation aux prescriptions. La suspension de la réflexion permettrait, notamment, de s’affranchir d’éventuels conflits de valeurs et de culpabilité quand les prescriptions supposent de faire du « sale boulot » (c’est-à-dire de commettre des actes que la morale ou l’éthique peuvent réprouver). Enfin, nous interrogeons l’impact de cette expérience dans l’environnement virtuel du dispositif de formation sur les pratiques des managers en situations réelles : le transfert des apprentissages dans l’expérience du jeu opère par la médiation de la réflexivité suscitée par le changement de place dans la communication au sein de l’équipe (récepteur et non plus émetteur de consignes) et par les affects éprouvés lors de l’exercice simulé. L’éprouvé devient alors un instrument de travail pour réévaluer la manière dont ils tiennent leur rôle de manager et les activités associées
This thesis speaks about the creativity and conformity in serious gaming and the link with real work situations of executives. To explore this link, we conducted a training program using an army helicopter flight simulator that had been redesigned to train executives in teamwork. The study was conducted over two years in 16 game sessions with 44 volunteer participants from the same company. The research analyzed the gap between prescribed and real work. In English, contrary to French, there are two words for games: "play" and "game". Winnicott (1971) is inclined more towards spontaneously developed games (play), rather than on games organized and defined according to precise rules (game). He considers "play" to be a transitional space. This transitional space is a third area, a paradoxical space, because it is situated between the interior and exterior of the player. It is a space of development where creativity is dominant. Understanding what takes place in this intermediate space is essential to explore the relationship between serious gaming and real work: a space in which group dynamics can enhance or inhibit individual creativity. From observation and analyses of game sessions and associated interviews, we identified several instances of creativity during the game and afterwards at work, including: reorganization of the work, exchanging roles, negotiating the length of games, and virtual empowerment leading to real-world decision-making. Then, we analyzed what prevented the executives from entering this intermediate area and from "play" with the equipment: the "pursuit of excellence", the temporal pressure, the corporate culture, equipment limitations, self-consciousness, and competitiveness. Furthermore, most participants were concerned that their competence as managers was being evaluated and they self-evaluated their skills. Afterwards, we analyzed the contention that lack of deliberation before executing the game prescriptions. Our research demonstrates that suspension of reflection allows freeing itself from possible value conflicts and guilt when the prescriptions lead to performing "dirty work" (that is, to commit morally or ethically questionable acts). At a minimum, we observe that executives see themselves acting in situ and become aware of the impact of their transmitters' role in communication with the team. Executives use this experience to revitalize their thinking about professional practice, which thus becomes a tool to gain a different view of their managers’ role
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Landoulsi, Ameni. "Etude chimiotaxonomique et activité biologique des métabolites secondaires des plantes du genre Eryngium." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S056/document.

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Le genre Eryngium L. (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) comprend plus de 250 espèces utilisées en médecine traditionnelle à travers le monde. En Tunisie il existe seulement huit espèces : E. barrelieri Boiss., E. campestre L., E. dichotomum Desf., E. glomeratum Lamk., E. ilicifolium Lamk., E. maritimum L., E. tricuspidatum L. et E. triquetrum Vahl. ; ces espèces sont en majorité peu étudiées du point de vue phytochimique. La présente étude a été effectuée sur la totalité des Eryngium qui poussent en Tunisie dans le but d’évaluer leurs activités biologiques, essentiellement antimicrobienne contre des microorganismes multirésistants et producteurs de béta-lactamases à spectres étendus (BLSE), mais aussi phototoxique et cytotoxique ainsi que la variabilité chimique par analyse par GC-FID et GC-MS des extraits les plus actifs.Toutes les espèces étudiées étaient dotées d’un pouvoir antimicrobien (1,25 à 0,07 mg/mL) et cytotoxique (24,4 à 0,32 µg/mL) considérable. Le criblage de l’activité phototoxique a permis de mettre en évidence la richesse de ces plantes en composés photoréactifs antimicrobiens potentiellement intéressants pour leur efficacité d’action et l’élargissement du spectre d’activité antimicrobienne.L’analyse des extraits actifs apolaires a permis d’étudier la variabilité chimique entre les différentes espèces et la mise en évidence de la présence majoritaire de composés antimicrobiens notamment des sesquiterpènes oxygénés tels que le spathulénol, le lédol, l’α-bisabolol et le cubénol, et des sesquiterpènes hydrocarbonés comme le β-bisabolène et le copaène ; et cytotoxiques tel que le falcarinol.Une étude phytochimique approfondie a été réalisée sur les racines d’E. triquetrum afin d’extraire, isoler par des essais bio-guidés et identifier les composés actifs. Le fractionnement a été optimisé par des chromatographies sur colonnes, CPC et CLHP. Parmi les composés identifiés deux polyacétylènes, le panaxydiol et le falcarinol, ont montré un fort pouvoir antimicrobien et une spécificité d’action notamment contre les souches de Pseudomonas aeruginosa BLSE et multirésistantes, avec des CMI allant jusqu’à 0,25 ng/mL et une activité en majorité bactéricide
The genus Eryngium L., (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) comprises more than 250 flowering plant species, which are commonly used as medicinal plants in different countries. Only eight species are growing in Tunisia: E. barrelieri Boiss., E. campestre L., E. dichotomum Desf., E. glomeratum Lamk., E. ilicifolium Lamk., E. maritimum L., E. tricuspidatum L. et E. triquetrum Vahl. These species are used in traditional medicine and there are relatively few papers on the phytochemical investigations of most of them. This study was performed on all Eryngium species growing in Tunisia in order to evaluate their chemical variability using GC-FID and GC-MS analyses and their biological activities, mainly antimicrobial against multiresistant microorganisms and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL), and also phototoxic and cytotoxic effects.All investigated species showed considerable antimicrobial effect with MIC value ranging between 1,25 and 0,07 mg/mL and important cytotoxic activity against J774 tumoral cells with IC50 from 24,4 to 0,32 µg/mL. Phototoxic investigation demonstrated a significant photoactive inhibitory effects against tested pathogenic microorganisms.GC–MS analysis of the most active crude extracts (petroleum ether extracts) revealed their high content of antimicrobial agents particularly oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as spathulenol, ledol, α-bisabolol and cubenol, and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes such as β-bisabolene and copaene; and cytotoxic components such as falcarinol.The chemical investigation and bio-guided isolation of active compounds of the selected crude extract of E. triquetrum roots were performed using column chromatography, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). among purified components, two bioactive polyacetylenes, panaxydiol and falcarinol, showed a great antimicrobial activity mainly against multiresistant and ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value up to 0,25 ng/ml and a mostly bactericidal effect
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29

Lopez, Marc. "Activités biologiques des facteurs de croissance hématopoiétiques dans l'hématopoièse leucémique : description d'une nouvelle activité biologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22042.

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30

Ponce, Alvarez Adrián. "Probabilistic models for studying variability in single-neuron and neuronal ensemble activity." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20706.

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Une des caractéristiques les plus singulières de l’activité corticale est son degré élevé de variabilité. Ma thèse dedoctorat s’est focalisée sur l’étude de (i) l’irrégularité des intervalles entre potentiels d’action (PAs)successivement émis par un neurone, et (ii) la variabilité dans l’évolution temporelle de l’activité d’un ensemblede neurones. Premièrement, j’ai étudié l’irrégularité des neurones enregistrés dans le cortex moteur de singesmacaques performant une tâche d’estimation du temps et de préparation à l’action. J’ai montré que l’irrégularitén’est pas un paramètre libre de l’activité neuronale, contrairement au taux de PAs, mais est déterminée par lescontraintes structurelles des réseaux neuronaux. Deuxièmement, j’ai utilisé le modèle de Markov caché (MMC)pour analyser l’activité d’ensembles de neurones enregistrés dans plusieurs aires corticales, sensorielles etmotrices, de singes exécutant une tâche de discrimination tactile. J’ai montré que les processus sensoriels etdécisionnels sont distribués dans plusieurs aires corticales. Les résultats suggèrent que l’action et la décision surlaquelle elle est basée sont reliées par une cascade d’évènements non stationnaires et stochastiques. Finalement,j’ai utilisé le MMC pour caractériser l’activité spontanée d’un ensemble de neurones du cortex préfrontal d’unrat. Les résultats montrèrent que l’alternance entre les états UP et DOWN est un processus stochastique etdynamique. La variabilité apparaît donc aussi bien pendant l’activité spontanée que pendant le comportementactif et semble être contrainte par des facteurs structurels qui, à leur tour, contraignent le mode d’opération desréseaux neuronaux
A hallmark of cortical activity is its high degree of variability. The present work focused on (i) the variability ofintervals between spikes that single neurons emit, called spike time irregularity (STI), and (ii) the variability inthe temporal evolution of the collective neuronal activity. First, I studied the STI of macaque motor corticalneurons during time estimation and movement preparation. I found that although the firing rate of the neuronstransmitted information about these processes, the STI of a neuron is not flexible and is determined by thebalance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. These results were obtained by means of an irregularity measure thatI compared to other existing measures. Second, I analyzed the neuronal ensemble activity of severalsomatosensory and motor cortical areas of macaques during tactile discrimination. I showed that ensembleactivity can be effectively described by the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Both sensory and decision-makingprocesses were distributed across many areas. Moreover, I showed that decision-related changes in neuronalactivity rely on a noise-driven mechanism and that the maintenance of the decision relies on transient dynamics,subtending the conversion of a decision into an action. Third, I characterized the statistics of spontaneous UP andDOWN states in the prefrontal cortex of a rat, using the HMM. I showed that state alternation is stochastic andthe activity during UP states is dynamic. Hence, variability is prominent both during active behavior andspontaneous activity and is determined by structural factors, thus rending it inherent to cortical organization andshaping the function of neural networks
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31

Davis, Leslie Karen. "The impact of long-term psychotherapy on the social activism of social activists." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35398.pdf.

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32

Sundell, Nina, and Dahlgren Ann-Sophie. "Activity limitations and participation in activities among children with disabilities in western Uganda." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45714.

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33

Loomis, Jennifer Cullen. "Activist Doctors: Explaining Physician Activism in the Oregon Movement for Single-Payer Healthcare." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2214.

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Changes in American healthcare over the last half century have created social and economic crises, presenting challenges for doctors and patients. The recently-implemented Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is an incremental reform that does little to change the complex multi-payer financing characterizing American healthcare. There have been growing demands for more equitable financing arrangements, notably, a single-payer healthcare system in which medical care is financed through a single, non-profit payer and in which medical care is treated as a public good and medically-necessary care is available to everyone. Nationally-representative surveys have demonstrated widespread physician support for single-payer legislation. Yet, very little scholarship has examined physician activism and virtually no studies have examined physician activism for single-payer healthcare. It is important to examine physician activism for single-payer because their participation is considered fundamental to achieving the goals of the movement. If the movement is successful in implementing single-payer financing , more efficient use of healthcare resources will ensure that all residents have access to needed medical care without being saddled by financial burdens from their care. Oregon is one of several US states with a growing grassroots movement to enact single-payer healthcare at the state level. This study seeks to examine the determinants of collective action for physicians in the Oregon movement for single-payer healthcare by answering two research questions. First, what accounts for differences in activism among physicians who support single-payer healthcare system? And second, for those physicians who are active, what activities do they do and what shapes those choices of activities? Data includes 21 semi-structured interviews with physicians around the state of Oregon supplemented with participant observation data. The interview data was analyzed using techniques from grounded theory and thematic analysis. I find that among collective action theories, collective identity theory best accounts for whether or not a physician engages in single-payer activism. A strength of collective identity theory is that it brings to light the importance of subjective interpretations of structural conditions by movement actors. The findings suggest that differences in interpretation shape the influence of motivators for and barriers to an individual's decision to engage in activism. Physicians that become active are primed to engage in single-payer activism because of their moral value sets and frustrating work experiences. They seek out groups of like-minded physicians who then are part of the process of socially-constructing a collective identity. This collective identity is emotionally-laden, is a reaction to state policies, serves to distinguish insiders from outsiders, and facilitates activism. Activist physicians engaging in the process of collective identity come to believe that altering financing is the only way to solve healthcare system issues. The activists view the political and cultural barriers to single-payer as surmountable by their activism. In contrast, non-activists interpret structural conditions like American politics and American culture as immutable barriers that will prevent the attainment of single-payer at the national or state level. In addition, non-activists lack the collective identity activists share because their beliefs contradict key beliefs of activists. The combination of the lack of collective identity and the perception of immutable barriers results in their non-participation.
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Guerrero, Rosero Esteban. "Representing and Reasoning about Complex Human Activities - an Activity-Centric Argumentation-Based Approach." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120272.

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The aim of this thesis is to develop theories and formal methods to endow a computing machinery with capabilities to identify, represent, reason and evaluate complex activities that are directed by an individual’s needs, goals, motives, preferences and environment, information which can be inconsistent and incomplete. Current methods for formalising and reasoning about human activity are typically limited to basic actions, e.g., walking, sitting, sleeping, etc., excluding elements of an activity. This research proposes a new formal activity-centric model that captures complex human activity based on a systemic activity structure that is understood as a purposeful, social, mediated, hierarchically organized and continuously developing interaction between people and word. This research has also resulted in a common-sense reasoning method based on argumentation, in order to provide defeasible explanations of the activity that an individual performs based on the activity-centric model of human activity. Reasoning about an activity is based on the novel notion of an argument under semantics-based inferences that is developed in this research, which allows the building of structured arguments and inferring consistent conclusions. Structured arguments are used for explaining complex activities in a bottom-up manner, by introducing the notion of fragments of activity. Based on these fragments, consistent argumentation based interpretations of activity can be generated, which adhere to the activity-centric model of complex human activity. For resembling the kind of deductive analysis that a clinician performs in the assessment of activities, two quantitative measurements for evaluating performance and capacity are introduced and formalized. By analysing these qualifiers using different argumentation semantics, information useful for different purposes can be generated. e.g., such as detecting risk in older adults for falling down, or more specific information about activity performance and activity completion. Both types of information can form the base for an intelligent machinery to provide tailored recommendation to an individual. The contributions were implemented in different proof-of-concept systems, designed for evaluating complex activities and improving individual’s health in daily life. These systems were empirically evaluated with the purpose of evaluating theories and methodologies with potential users. The results have the potential to be utilized in domains such as ambient assisted living, assistive technology, activity assessment and self-management systems for improving health.
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Dufour, Michel. "Robustesse des structures temporelles d'une reponse motrice : effet de l'exercice musculaire sur les dimensions preparatoires et rythmiques d'une reponse sequentielle verbale." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20039.

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Nous rendons compte de la robustesse des processus responsables de la preparation a l'action et de la gestion du timing en conditions destructurantes. A partir d'un protocole ou 6 sujets cyclistes feminins executent une tache de restitution de logatomes accentues a laquelle est associee un exercice de pedalage a vide, a 50% et 80% de la pmt des sujets, nous acquerons en continu a partir d'enregistrements acoustiques et electromyographiques des variables psychologiques : temps de reaction, temps de mouvement, erreurs, duree des intervalles inter-segments ; et une variable physiologique : la frequence cardiaque. Nos analyses de variance soulignent la presence de programmation distribuee quand l'incertitude porte sur les elements tardifs de la sequence, ce mode de programmation demeurant tres robuste en conditions destructurantes. Nous observons des effets diffus et specifiques de l'effort sur les etapes du traitement de l'information. Nos resultats decrivent un optimum d'activation (50% de la pmt) pour l'efficience des etapes d'identification et de programmation de la reponse alors que l'etape decisionnelle continue d'etre optimisee pour des intensites superieures (80% de la pmt). L'analyse des taux d'erreurs met en avant des differences de complexite de la reponse en fonction du type de tache mentale et les effets de l'effort sur cette variable apparaissent ici continus et d'autant plus negatifs que l'intensite de l'exercice musculaire est elevee. La mise en rapport des signaux acoustiques et emg nous a conduit a investiguer le champ des controles moteurs et plus particulierement le mode de controle du timing sequentiel, la question sous-jacente etant de savoir si le temps est un parametre controle. Nos resultats sur la duree des inter-segments laissent apparaitre un controle majoritairement emergeant de la structure temporelle, structure tres robuste dans la mesure ou la production d'effort ne semble avoir d'influence que les sur composantes centrales de la reponse.
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36

Salaün, Laureline. "Analyse de la relation entre le niveau d’activité physique et la composition corporelle d’adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle : impact d’une prise en charge de l’obésité par un programme d’activité physique adaptée." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10099/document.

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L’évolution croissante de l’obésité n’épargne pas les adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle. Nos travaux reposent sur le principe d’une « recherche- action » avec pour but l’amélioration de la prise en charge des personnes en situation de handicap mental. Réalisées dans 5 instituts médico-éducatifs, notre première étude montre que plus de 40% des adolescents déficients intellectuels présentent un excès de masse grasse. Plus de 30% des adolescents rapportent un faible niveau d’activité physique et seule la moitié pratiquerait suffisamment d’activité physique pour lutter contre le développement de l’obésité. De plus, les adolescents les plus actifs présentent moins de risques de développer un excès de masse grasse. Leur faible niveau de condition physique observé est un facteur de risque élevé pour la santé. Pour ces jeunes présentant un handicap mental, cela constitue un « sur-handicap » qui peut accentuer la restriction de participation sociale et altérer la qualité de vie. Etre actif au quotidien permettrait de limiter les risques pour la santé, notamment de limiter le développement de l’obésité. De ce fait, un programme d’Activité Physique Adaptée a été proposé aux jeunes repérés en situation de sur-adiposité. Celui-ci a permis d’augmenter les temps de pratique d’activité physique et de stabiliser l’évolution du poids, tout en diminuant la masse grasse et le tour de taille. L’approche interdisciplinaire de cette recherche nous a permis de considérer l’évolution du concept de soi chez ce public spécifique et de constater qu’il n’était pas altéré par cette prise en charge visant le contrôle du poids
The growing evolution of obesity has not spared children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Ours studies based on "research-action", with the aim of improving care for people with mental disabilities. Conducted in 5 specialized schools, our first study shows that over 40% of adolescents with intellectual disabilities have an excess body fat. More than 30% of adolescents report a low physical activity level, and only half reaches enough physical activity to avoid an excess of body fat. Moreover, the most active adolescents are less likely to develop an excess body fat. Their low level of physical fitness is a high risk factor to health. For these adolescent with intellectual disabilities, this is an "extra-handicap" which may increase the restriction of social participation and impair quality of life. Being active daily would reduce the health risks, including limiting the obesity development. Thus, we proposed an Adapted Physical Activity program to over-fatness adolescents. This program has helped to increase level of physical activity and stabilize weight, while decreasing fat mass and waist circumference. The interdisciplinary approach of this research has allowed us to consider the evolution of self-concept and to note that it was not altered by this weight management program
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Philippe, Antony. "Effets de l'entraînement en résistance, de la performance à l'unité contractile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT4002/document.

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Ce travail de thèse vise à améliorer notre compréhension des effets l'entraînement en résistance sur la performance et le muscle strié squelettique. La dynamique de ces effets de l'entraînement a été appréhendée de façon systématique grâce à des outils issus de la théorie des systèmes, auprès de 26 rongeurs entraînés en résistance dans un protocole d'escalade avec charges additionnelles. Le modèle classique (Banister et coll, 1975) a permis de décrire les variations de performance de manière significative (R2 = 0,53, P<0,001). L'origine des gains de performance très marqués (+136% par rapport au groupe contrôle) a été recherchée parmi les mécanismes adaptatifs musculaires potentiels. A l'issue de l'entraînement, une augmentation de l'activité de la myosine ATPase de 123 ± 61% indépendante du phénotype a été observée par rapport aux animaux contrôles. Cette augmentation de la puissance chimique consommée semble liée à une augmentation de la vitesse des étapes d'hydrolyse de l'ATP et surtout de celle de la libération des produits de cette hydrolyse (i.e. ADP et Pi) accompagnant la bascule de la tête de myosine. Une nouvelle forme de plasticité musculaire semble avoir été identifiée. Sur la base des mécanismes adaptatifs musculaires, une nouvelle formulation mathématique plus physiologique du modèle des effets de l'entraînement a été proposée et a aboutit à une meilleure qualité d'ajustement (R2 = 0,71, P<0,001). La fonction impulsionnelle du modèle classique a été remplacée par une fonction exponentielle de croissance qui semble plus appropriée pour rendre compte à la fois des variations de performance mais aussi des adaptations qui surviennent au sein du tissu musculaire comme au sein des unités contractiles elles-mêmes
This thesis work aims to improve our understanding of the effects of resistance training on performance and skeletal muscle. The dynamic of these effects of training has been apprehended systematically trough tools from systems theory, with 26 rodents resistance trained on a climbing protocol with additional weights. The classical model (Banister et al, 1975) was suitable to analyze the training response (R2 = 0.53, P <0.001). The origin of the very marked performance gains (+ 136% compared to the control group) was investigated among the potential muscle adaptive mechanisms. At the end of the training program, an increase of 123 ± 61% in myosin ATPase activity independent of the phenotype was observed compared to control animals. This increase in myosin ATPase activity seems to occur precisely during the main myosin head isomerization step (i.e. powerstroke) that includes the liberation of the hydrolysis products, and to a lesser extent, during ATP hydrolysis step. A new form of muscular plasticity seems identified. Based on muscle adaptive mechanisms, a new mathematical formulation, more physiological, of the model of the training effects has been proposed and resulted in a better fit (R2 = 0.71, P <0.001). The impulse function of the traditional model has been replaced by an exponential growth function that seems more suitable to analyze both the training response and the adaptations that occur within the muscle tissue as in the contractile units themselves
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Pauthe, Emmanuel. "Approches cinétiques et moléculaires de la reconnaissance enzyme-substrat : application à l'étude de l'activité protéolytique de la thermolysine." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1139.

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L’accomplissement de tout acte protéolytique implique nécessairement la formation d'un complexe entre l'enzyme et son substrat. Par différentes approches cinétiques, spectroscopiques et moléculaires nous avons cherché à caractériser les phénomènes mis en jeu au cours de l'hydrolyse, par la thermolysine, de petits peptides en milieu biomimétiques. Cette étude a été conduite à l'interface entre la biochimie, la biophysique, la chimie et la physique. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés au comportement catalytique de la thermolysine sur des substrats modèles et en milieu modifié. Nous avons montré d'une part, que l'ajout d'additifs polyhydroxylés influence grandement l'activité de la thermolysine et d'autre part, affine les connaissances sur la spécificité et la sélectivité de cette enzyme (en particulier, mise en évidence de l'influence du résidu P'2 dans le mécanisme). Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons des études structurales des peptides substrats en milieu modifié. Nous avons mis en évidence l'absence d'influence du micro-environnement contenant une forte proportion de glycérol sur la conformation des molécules de substrat et le rôle possible de leur structure tridimensionnelle quant à leur hydrolyse. Ces études ont été étendues à un autre modèle peptidique, de forme cyclique ou linéaire, et corrélées aux résultats cinétiques. Dans un troisième temps, par deux approches différentes, nous avons abordé l'étude des relations structure-fonction de la thermolysine. Expérimentalement, par des études cinétiques avec l'enzyme immobilisée et des déterminations de sa structure par spectroscopie laser Raman, nous montrons que l'enzyme est très peu sensible au micro-environnement. Théoriquement en analysant, par modélisation, l'interaction de la thermolysine avec un tripeptide substrat, nous avons mis en évidence des changements de conformation du substrat et/ou des mouvements du site actif enzymatique au cours de l'acte catalytique.
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Dellaca-Minot, Pierre. "Approche clinique du décrochage scolaire à l'adolescence : étude de la dynamique activité-passivité dans la relation de l'élève à ses enseignants." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD022/document.

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Le décrochage scolaire est un processus impliquant des facteurs multiples dont la qualité de la relation élève-enseignant n'est pas des moindres. Investir, ou simplement supporter, la relation à l'enseignant en période adolescente ''ne va pas de soi'', notamment parce que cela solliciterait un intense travail d'élaboration de la dynamique passivité-activité : passivité du côté de l'être (dé)formé, affecté, séduit par l'autre enseignant et dépendant de celui-ci; et activité du côté de l'emprise, de l'appropriation subjective et de la création adolescente. Nous proposons dans la présente thèse d'étudier l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'adolescent inscrit dans un processus de décrochage scolaire serait particulièrement en difficulté pour opérer ce travail d'élaboration de la dynamique activité-passivité tant au niveau intrapsychique que dans la relation intersubjective avec les enseignants. Dans cette perspective nous avons rencontré 17 collégiens âgés de 13 à 16 ans inscrits pour la plupart dans des structures de type classe relais. Nous nous sommes également entretenu avec deux enseignantes de classe relais. Notre méthodologie de recherche combine plusieurs outils : l'entretien, les tests projectifs du TAT et du Rorschach, le dessin et quelques observations in situ. Nous observons que la majorité des sujets acceptent, voire investissent, la position passive sur les plans interconnectés des affects (être affecté par l'autre) et de la dépendance dans le rapport à l'enseignant. Ils semblent cependant tenir à préserver et cultiver la position active de celui qui touche affectivement l'enseignant. La dynamique activité-passivité est marquée par un défaut d'élaboration de la fantasmatique de séduction qui semble ressurgir sur la scène de la classe à travers des conflits entre l'élève et l'enseignant. Nous discutons des enjeux de ces analyses pour la pratique clinique et pédagogique auprès des adolescents et pré-adolescents inscrits dans un processus de décrochage scolaire
School dropout is a process that implies multiple factors, not the least of which is the quality of the teacher-pupil relationship. To invest or to simply put up with this relationship with the teacher during adolescence is not "obvious” at all, especially because it calls upon an intense work of elaboration of the activity-passivity dynamics : passivity from the one who is (de)formed, affected, seduced by the other (the teacher); and activity represented as grip, subjective appropriation and teenage creation. Our purpose in the present thesis is to study the hypothesis according to which teenagers who dropout from school cannot mentally elaborate the activity-passivity dynamics both on the intrapsychic level and that of the intersubjective relationship with teachers. To do so, we met 17 high school students from 13 to 16 years old registered in special classes for marginalized school children (called“classes relais” in French). We also conducted interviews with two teachers operating in those special classes. Our research method combines interviews, administering TAT and Rorschach’s projective tests, drawings and few in situ observations. We notice that most of the participants accepted, even invested the passive position from the perspective of both the interconnected affects (to be affected by the other) and the dependency to the teacher. However, it seems that they want to keep and improve the active position of the one who affectively touches the teacher. The activity-passivity dynamics is marked by a lack of elaboration of the seduction fantasy that spring up in the classroom through conflicts between pupils and teachers. These analyses are discussed in terms of the issues at stake for the clinical and educational practice for adolescents and pre-adolescents in the process of dropout
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40

Shiu, Lawrence Mateo. "Can arbitration resolve disputes arising from online activity? online auctions and other related activities /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b23454325a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008.
"Submitted to School of Law in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 1, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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41

Olguin-Contreras, Luis Fernando. "Mechanism-guided selection inspired by catalytic promiscuity : activity switches between sulfatase and phosphatase activities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614083.

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42

Rhodes-Kubiak, Robert. "Activist citizens : social movement theory, citizenship and the development of LGBT activism in Serbia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599556.

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Between 1990 and 2010, lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LOBT) people in Serbia moved from a legal prohibition of homosexuality and widespread hostility, to a legislative and institutional framework of increasing recognition and protection. Social attitudes, too, 3re shifting towards greater acceptance. A vibrant social movement of LGBT activists has been vitally important in these shifts. This thesis explores and analyses a series of semi-structured interviews with these activists, campaigning materials, and primary and secondary literature to present a contextualised account of the history and practice of this under-researched movement. Beginning by developing a model of a theoretical toolbox, the thesis identifies the continuing relevance of a range of social movement theories and concepts, arguing that these must be utilised pragmatically to ensure a full understanding of the complex processes at work in a social movement. It particularly identifies the importance of contextually situated grievances, resources and opportunities to the development of LOBT activism in Serbia. A background of nationalism, warfare, ethnic fragmentation, authoritarianism, shifting international and domestic resources and opportunities have influenced the strategies and tactics, participation, leadership, motivations for taking part, and patterns of cooperation, all of which are explored. At the same time the thesis stresses the importance of actors making choices and acting creatively to influence, as well as work within, this context. To this end, the movement is theorised as representing a model of 'activist citizenship' based on rights, participation and belonging, utilising identity strategically whilst seeking a wider citizenship based on common humanity and linking struggles between oppressed groups. In doing so, this interdisciplinary research fills an important gap in existing sociological literature on the former Yugoslavia and makes a contribution to social movement theory and citizenship studies, as well as contributing to political sciences work on the former Yugoslavia and social movement studies.
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Sandoval, Alexandra. "RELATIONSHIP OF CHILDHOOD ACTIVITY TO LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES AND RECREATION SPECIALIZATION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1270.

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Leisure time and outdoor recreation are participated in during childhood, which allows for children to being able to learn about different recreation activities, whether they may be indoor or outdoor oriented. Children begin to learn about the world around them, having significant life experiences and beginning to understand the concept of recreation specialization. As a child moves into adulthood, specifically as college students, their leisure time activities being to change; this may be due to the fact that their time is limited for both indoor and outdoor recreation, but could also be due to the fact that technological advances have had an impact on how college-aged students tend to spend their time. This thesis aims to find relationships in activities participated in during both childhood and adulthood. The significance of indoor and outdoor recreation was also included, in order to further understand if location of activity choices in childhood had an impact on the recreation participated in during adulthood. Specific activities which were most and least frequently chosen were observed, along with basic demographics of the population.
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44

Newlands, Maxine. "Environmental activism, environmental politics, and representation : the framing of the British environmental activist movement." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3046/.

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This thesis explores the relationship between environmental activism, environmental politics and the mainstream media. In exploring the power relations between government, activists and the media, this work draws on Foucauldian theories of governmentality, power and space (heterotopia). The central hypothesis is that environmental politics has witnessed a shift in power away from activism and towards environmental governance and free-market economics, nestled in a media discourse that has depoliticised many environmental activist movements. Foucault’s theories on power, biopower and governmentality are combined with a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of newspaper reports and original empirical research derived from a focus group with environmental activists. The empirical data and analysis provides original knowledge on relations between environmental activists and journalists. The premise that economics has become the dominant solution to the detriment of environmental activism movements is argued through a historical analysis of advanced liberal governments’ role in creating new green markets and instruments (‘green governmentality’ in Luke’s terms). The shift towards green governmentality has been accompanied by an increased application of state measures, from legislation and surveillance, to conflating environmental activism with terrorism, and the neologism of eco-terrorism. Journalists reaffirm such governance, and the critical discourse analysis charts the shift from positive to negative reporting in the mainstream media. However, activists also contest such power relations through social and new media, alongside traditional repertoires of protest within the space of activism, to challenge such advanced liberal discourse, and bypass traditional media practices. As neoliberalism has increasingly become the main position in environmental politics, it places activism into a discourse of deviance. The activists’ movement counters this measure through new media, liminoid practices and repertoires of protest.
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Rauchut, Katie E. "Promoting university mascots on the world wide web." Instructions for remote access. Kutztown University Avalanche web site. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2006. http://www.kutztown.edu/activities/athletics/avalanche/.

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Thesis (M.S. )--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2006.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2719. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as 1 leaf (iv). Includes bibliographical references (leaf 18).
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46

Coulibaly, Songuigama. "Synthèse et activité antituberculeuse de quelques dérivés de la 1,10-phénanthrolinone." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC407/document.

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La tuberculose est une infection humaine cosmopolite à transmission pulmonaire causée par Mycobactérium tuberculosis. Elle représente l'une des principales causes de mortalité dans le monde. La prise en charge thérapeutique de cette maladie est confrontée aujourd’hui à une forte pharmacorésistance des bacilles à la plupart des médicaments antituberculeux habituellement indiqués. Face à cette situation la recherche de nouvelles molécules plus efficaces échappant au phénomène de pharmacorésistance est encouragée par l'OMS. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons conçu des dérivés de la 1,10-phénanthrolinone, analogues structuraux des quinolones connues pour leurs activités antituberculeuses. Ces dérivés ont été préparés par condensation de la 8-aminoquinoléine et de l'étoxyméthylènemalonate d'éthyle, suivit d'une cyclisation intramoléculaire pour conduire à la 1,10-phénanthrolinone-3-carboxylate d'éthyle. La modulation chimique de cette dernière a permis d'obtenir la plupart des dérivés de la 1,10-phénanthrolinone préparés. Les dérivés de la 1,10-phénanthrloninone synthétisés ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation de leurs activités antibacillaires. Parmi ceux-ci, certains dérivés 6-nitro-1,10-phénanthrolinones se sont particulièrement illustrés par leurs performances antibacillaires avec des CMI comprises entre 0,31 et 9,84 μM. Par ailleurs, cette activité est conservée sur les souches de mycobactéries sensibles et les souches résistantes aux quinolones ce qui fait penser à un probable mécanisme d'action différent. De plus, ces molécules se sont avérées non toxiques sur les cellules Vero avec des IC50> 100 μg/mL ( soit 16 à 64 fois leurs CMI). Notre approche pharmacochimique a conduit à l’élaboration de nouvelles molécules possédant une structure de type 1,10-phénantrolinone dont le profil chimique diffère de celui de toutes les classes chimiques d’antituberculeux existantes. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent de nouvelles voies d'investigations pour la recherche de nouveaux antituberculeux voire anti-infectieux en série chimique des 1,10-phénantrolinones
Tuberculosis is a cosmopolitan human lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. She represents one of the main reasons of mortality in the world. therapeutic management of this disease is confronted today with a strong pharmacoresistance of bacilli to most antituberculosis habitually used. Facing this situation the research of new more efficient molecules avoiding the phenomenon of pharmacoresistance is encouraged by the WHO. It is in this context that we conceived derivatives of the 1,10-phénanthrolinone, the structural analogues of quinolones known for their antituberculosis activity. These derivatives were prepared by condensation of 8-aminoquinoline and ethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate, followed by intramolecular cyclization to give the ethyl 1,10-phenanthrolinone-3-carboxylate. The chemical modulation of the latter have allowed to get most of the 1,10-phenanthrolinone derivatives. The 1,10-phenanthrloninone derivatives synthesized were evaluated for their antibacillary activities. Among these, some 6-nitro 1,10-phenanthrolinone derivatives are particularly illustrated by their antibacillary performance with MIC included between 0.31 and 9.84 μM. In addition, this activity is kept on susceptible strains of mycobacteria and the quinolone-resistant strains , suggesting a different mechanism of action. In addition, this activity is conserved on susceptible strains of mycobacteria and quinolone-resistant strains, suggesting a different mechanism of action. Moreover, these molecules proved to be not toxic on cells Vero with IC50> 100 μg / mL (16 to 64 times their MIC). Our pharmacochimique approach has led to the development of new molecules having a structure of type 1,10-phénantrolinone from which chemical profile differs from that of all chemical classes of antitubercular drugs existent. Got results open new ways of investigations for research of new anti-tuberculosis or anti-infectious drugs in the 1,10-phenantrolinone chemical series
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47

Alcouffe, Simon. "La diffusion et l'adoption des innovations managériales en comptabiblité et contrôle de gestion : le cas de l'ABC en France." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00475378.

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48

Agier, Sylvain. "Etude de la multidimensionnalité de la fatigue associée au cancer du sein non-métastasique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30081.

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La fatigue liée au cancer impact très fortement les conditions de vie des personnes qui en sont atteintes. Elle participe d’un cercle vicieux qui affecte la vie quotidienne des patientes touchées par un cancer du sein. Le repos longtemps préconisé comme remède à la fatigue, n’y met pas fin. Au contraire, une littérature de plus en plus importante, montre l’importance de l’activité physique dans l’accompagnement des patientes touchées par un cancer pour lutter contre la fatigue. Reste à savoir, quelle durée, quelle intensité, quels types d’activités sont à préconiser en fonction des différents cancers du sein et de leur sévérité. Pour ce faire, il importe d’établir une méthode d’investigation, d’explorer les modèles théoriques de la fatigue liés au cancer de manière à permettre la comparabilité des résultats des études portant sur le sujet tout en donnant accès aux phénomènes en jeu dans la réduction de la fatigue
Fatigue linked to cancer impacts very heavily on the living conditions of those affected. It is part of a vicious circle that affects the daily lives of patients with breast cancer. Rest long advocated as a remedy for fatigue, does not put an end to it. On the contrary, an increasingly important literature shows the importance of physical activity in accompanying patients affected by cancer to fight fatigue. It remains to be seen, how long, what intensity, what types of activities should be advocated according to the different breast cancers and their severity
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49

Souchard, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse, propriétés physico-chimiques, et activités pharmacologiques de complexes antitumoraux dérivés du platine (II): relations structure-activité." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30128.

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L'auteur a mis au point une methode de synthese rapide et fiable des complexes cis-pta#2(ono#2)#2 (a etant une amine ou une pyridine substituee a partir des complexes cis-pta#2i#2 dissous dans l'acetone. L'etude rmn #1h des complexes cis- et trans-pta#2x#2 (x etant un iodure, un chlorure ou un nitrate) a mis en evidence une constante de couplage j(pt-h) permettant d'identifier sans ambiguite l'isomerie des complexes. Les derives cis-pta#2 (ono#2)#2 s'hydrolysent rapidement en solution aqueuse pour donner les complexes diaquo (cis(pta#2(h#2o)#2#2#+, 2 no#3) qui sont stables pendant au moins deux heures. L'influence du pka des ligands a sur la reactivite des complexes diaquo est negligeable. Les coefficients de partage des complexes dichloro cis-pta#2cl#2 et diaquo varient lineairement avec celui des ligands a. Les complexes charges diaquo possedant deux cycloalkylamines ou deux pyridines substituees sont plus lipophiles que le cisplatine qui est neutre. La toxicite des complexes dichloro et diaquo varie lineairement avec leur lipophilie. La charge des complexes diaquo n'est pas un facteur limitant a leur activite antitumorale. Les complexes diaquo possedant deux pyridines substituees ne sont pas antitumoraux alors que les complexes diaquo possedant deux cycloalkylamines le sont. Les complexes cis-bis(amine) diaquoplatine(ii) ont une activite antitumorale et une selectivite optimales si leur lipophilie est comprise entre 1 et 2. L'activite antitumorale des derives cis-bis(amine) dichloroplatine(ii) est maximale lorsque leur lipophilie est de 1,31,0
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50

Whelan, James M., and n/a. "Education and Training For Effective Environmental Advocacy." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040526.140105.

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Research on environmental advocacy has tended to focus on outcomes and achievements rather than the processes through which these are achieved. In addition, minimal research has attended in detail to the complexity of environmental advocacy, or explored measures to through which to enhance advocates’ prospects of success. The environment movement itself has given scarce attention to promoting the skills, abilities and predispositions that contribute to effective advocacy. Indeed, most environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs) in Australia appear to believe that scientific or expert knowledge will be sufficient to influence environmental decision-makers and consequently provide minimal training or education to enhance advocacy. This thesis is a response to these problems. It seeks to develop an understanding of, and model for, activist education and training in the Australian environment movement. The two main bodies of literature that inform the study are social movement and adult education literature. The former provides the context for the study. Social movement theorists present various explanations of how and why environmental activists work for change. These theorists also discuss the organisational structures and modes of operation typically adopted by activists. The second body of literature is utilised in this thesis to provide a synthesis of relevant educational orientations, traditions and practices. Popular, experiential and adult environmental education offer promising strategies for advocacy organisations that seek to enhance activists’ skills and abilities. The research questions posed in this study lie at the convergence of these two bodies of literature. Two empirical studies were undertaken during this inquiry. The first was conducted with the Queensland Conservation Council, an environmental advocacy organisation where the researcher was employed for five years. The study drew on methods and techniques associated with ethnography and action research to identify, implement and evaluate a range of interventions which aimed to educate and train advocates. Three cycles of inquiry generated useful insights into environmental advocacy and identified useful strategies through which advocacy may be enhanced. The second study, a case study based on interviews and observation, explored the Heart Politics movement. The ethnographic research methods utilised in this case study resulted in a rich description and critical appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of Heart Politics gatherings as activist education. These two studies contributed to the development of a grounded and endogenous theory of education and training for environmental advocacy. This theory is based on a set of observations concerning the provision of activist education: (1) that most activist learning occurs informally and unintentionally through participation in social action such as environmental campaigns; (2) that this learning can be assessed according to a five-category framework and tends to favour specific categories including the development of social action and organisational development skills rather than alternative categories such as political analysis and personal development; (3) that this informal learning can be harnessed and enhanced through strategies which situate learning in the context of action and promote heightened awareness of the learning dimension of social action; and (4) that a key obstacle to education and training in the environment movement is a conspicuous lack of professional development or support for the people involved in facilitating and coordinating activist education activities and programs. These people are often volunteers and infrequently possess qualifications as educators or facilitators but are more likely to be seasoned activists. They tend to work in isolation as activist education activities are sporadic, geographically diffuse and ad hoc. These observations along with other insights acquired through participatory action research and ethnographic inquiry led to a set of conclusions, some of which have already been implemented or initiated during the course of this study. The first conclusion is that strategies to promote the professional development of activist educators may benefit from the development of texts tailored to the tactical orientations and political and other circumstances of Australian environmental advocacy groups. Texts, alone, are considered an inadequate response. The study also concludes that informal networks, formal and informal courses and other strategies to assist collaboration and peer learning among activist educators offer considerable benefits. Other conclusions pertain to the benefits of collaborating with adult educators and tertiary institutions, and professionals, to the relative merits of activist workshops and other forms of delivery, to the opportunities for activist training presented by regular environment movement gatherings and conferences and to the significant merits of promoting and supporting mentorship relationships between novice and experienced activists.
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