Academic literature on the topic 'Activity-Based Risk Analysis (ABRA)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Activity-Based Risk Analysis (ABRA)"
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S.Muthuveeran, Adam Aruldewan, Osman Mohd Tahir, Roziya Ibrahim, and Saipol Bari Abd-Karim. "Reviewing Risk Process Integration Effectiveness into Malaysia’s Landscape Architecture Project Lifecycle." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 13 (March 24, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.1991.
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This paper explores the effectiveness of risk process integration into landscape architecture project lifecycles, a subject that found to be lacking in risk management studies. The fieldwork of data collection conducted through structured interviews as well as document reviews from three completed landscape architecture projects in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The collected data analysed using content and thematic analysis. The research found that the risk process ineffectively integrated into project lifecycle with results presenting incomplete process, unplanned and redundant activity flows. The study suggests that common practice constrains practical risk management application that then restrains its benefit realisation.Keywords: risk management; risk process; project lifecycle; landscape architecture projecteISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.1991
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S.Muthueeran, Adam Aruldewan, Osman Mohd Tahir, Roziya Ibrahim, and Saipol Bari Abd-Karim. "Risk Management Process Into Project Lifecycle: A case of Malaysian landscape architecture projects." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 5, no. 18 (April 11, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i18.187.
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The risk management process is an integral part of all project activities and proportionally customized as one process. This paper prepared to review risk management process integration into the landscape architecture project lifecycle in Malaysia. Data collected from three completed landscape architecture projects studied through structured interviews and project document reviews. The data analyzed using content and thematic analysis. The study found the ineffective risk management process integration into the project lifecycle with the result of the incomplete, unplanned and intended process, and redundant activity ow. Specific integration strategies recommended accommodating landscape architecture project context for practical risk management applications.Keywords: risk management process; project lifecycle; landscape architecture projecteISSN 2398-4295 ©2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i18.187
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S.Muthuveeran, Adam Aruldewan, Osman Mohd Tahir, Roziya Ibrahim, and Mohd Zairul Mohd Noor. "Risk Management Challenges in Malaysia’s Landscape Architecture Project." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 14 (July 1, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2162.
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This study aims to review current risk management challenges in Malaysia landscape architecture projects. This subject found to be lacking and yet essential to strategies for effective application. The data collection conducted through a semi-structured interview with twenty-four landscape architect professional based in the Klang Valley region. Then analysed using content and thematic analysis method. The research found that multiple challenges factor permits effective risk management application in the project. The study suggests for an extensive strategy to risk management application into the project to be formulated in enabling effective management of risk to improve project performances. Keywords: managing risk; risk management; risk challenges; landscape architecture project. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2162
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Hoon Leh, Oliver Ling, Nur Hidayah Shaharom, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, and Jamalunlaili Abdullah. "Healthy Lifestyles and Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) among Urban Residents. Case Study: Sri Pahang Public Housing, Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI3 (December 28, 2020): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi3.2566.
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Unhealthy lifestyle, especially the physical inactivity, can contribute to the increase in risk for non-communicable diseases (NCD). A study was carried out at Sri Pahang Public Housing area, Kuala Lumpur. The study aimed to investigate the healthy lifestyle and the relationship with the NCD. A questionnaire survey had been carried out to collect the data. From the statistical analysis, it is found that most of the respondents were less healthy regarding their lifestyle. Half of them did not carry out their exercise regularly. The physical inactive among respondents were significantly correlated to their health condition (NCD). Keywords: Body mass index (BMI); exercise; physical activity; smoking eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2566
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Tammikakul, Phichayapa, and Karuna Raksawin. "The Pattern of Activity Analysis by GIS in Chiang Mai Public Plaza, Thailand." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 4, no. 13 (April 7, 2019): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i13.346.
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The article consists of two parts. The first part describes the GIS application to evaluate the appropriation to collect the using patterns in the public spaces. This part is based on the literature reviews of the related studies. In second part shows the procedures and results of GIS application which can be proofed the better benefit to collect the using patterns in term of data comparing and digital data collecting. The visualize spatial information is beneficial for the field of designers such as urban designers and landscape architects.
Keywords: Geographic Information System: GIS; Public Space; Behavioral Study, Public Space
eISSN 2514-751X © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i13.346
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O, Nto Philips O. "Analysis of Risk Management Practices among Maize Based Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria." Asian Economic and Financial Review 6, no. 8 (2016): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr/2016.6.8/102.8.490.498.
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Samadi, Zalina, Dasimah Omar, and Rodzyah Mohd Yunus. "On-Street Visual Analysis on Jalan Hang Jebat, Melaka." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 9 (July 1, 2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.27.
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Outdoor space in between heritage buildings of heritage streets defines as ‘outdoor living room’. Whether it’s impressively ‘heritage’ or ‘commercially’ character; physical and socio-cultural characteristics of the streets have great influence towards eliciting on-street pedestrian model. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between timeframe and density, activity and movement based on the on-street cultural phenomenon. For the purpose of this paper, the presentation unveiled one section of the study which shares the analysis on-street’s aerial-visual data only. Unobtrusive methods were employed through Digital Photography and Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) at Jalan Hang Jebat, Melaka. The objectives of this study are to interpret density, activity and movement analysis.
Keywords: Outstanding Value; Outdoor Living Room; Pedestrian Pattern; Street Shopping.
1394-0384 © 2013. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.27
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Danis, Ajau, Suriati Sidek, and Safiah Md. Yusof. "Park Characteristics Influences to Physical Activity among Overweight Adolescents." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v1i2.21.
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The link between environmental characteristics of neighbourhood parks and adolescents’ physical activity is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the environmental characteristics of the neighbourhood parks that influence physical activity from the perception of overweight adolescents. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 overweight adolescents between 13 and 17 years old successfully done. Interviews recorded, transcribed and analyzed based on a thematic content analysis. The results showed that physical and social environment influenced physical activity and neighbourhood parks usage. It is essential to consider these environmental characteristics in developing physical activity intervention that aims to promote physical activity among overweight adolescents.2398-4279 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Environmental characteristics; neighbourhood park; overweight adolescent; physical activity
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Danis, Ajau, Suriati Sidek, and Safiah Md. Yusof. "Park Characteristics Influences to Physical Activity among Overweight Adolescents." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v1i2.26.
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The link between environmental characteristics of neighbourhood parks and adolescents’ physical activity is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the environmental characteristics of the neighbourhood parks that influence physical activity from the perception of overweight adolescents. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 overweight adolescents between 13 and 17 years old successfully done. Interviews recorded, transcribed and analyzed based on a thematic content analysis. The results showed that physical and social environment influenced physical activity and neighbourhood parks usage. It is essential to consider these environmental characteristics in developing physical activity intervention that aims to promote physical activity among overweight adolescents.2398-4279 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Environmental characteristics; neighbourhood park; overweight adolescent; physical activity
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Mohd Rani, Nur Dalilah, Nur Zafifa Kamarunzaman, and Jia Liu. "Pattern of Psychosocial Challenges among Oil and Gas Workers: A systematic review." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, no. 20 (July 6, 2022): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3491.
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This paper highlights the patterns of psychosocial challenges confronting O&G workers that result in mental health issues worldwide through a systematic review of notable academic databases. This study integrated multiple research designs, and the review was based on the publication standard, namely RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES). Thematic analysis was undertaken, and four emerging themes were identified: 1) demographic factors, 2) personality, 3) psychosocial risks, and 4) health conditions. The findings contributed to several theoretical and practical implications, which are essential for researchers in the O&G field and policymakers. Keywords: psychosocial risks; personality; well-being; oil &gas eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3491
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Activity-Based Risk Analysis (ABRA)"
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Falta, Michael. "Statistical and computational methods to assess uncertainty and risk in accounting." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16053/1/Michael_Falta_Thesis.pdf.
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Informed economic decisions are made on the basis of accounting data. It is therefore crucial to have rigorous and scientific approaches for measuring, modelling and forecasting accounting numbers.
Dr Falta's research was motivated by two observations. Firstly, in accounting practice, decision-making often relies on subjective quantifications and forecasts of business activities and, thus, does not account for uncertainty in a rational way. Secondly, there are some academic foundations for statistical approaches to accounting, yet none has been developed carefully enough for results to penetrate and to contribute to practitioners' needs.
Dr Falta applied components of mathematics, statistics, econometrics, finance and computing to aspects of accounting and auditing. He developed an enhanced framework for scientific measurement of business process costing and recording accounting transaction data. This has enabled a better understanding of risk in accounting-based decision-making. His research is being incorporated in projects with the Royal Australian Navy and SunWater.
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Falta, Michael. "Statistical and Computational Methods to Assess Uncertainty and Risk in Accounting." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16053/.
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Informed economic decisions are made on the basis of accounting data. It is therefore crucial to have rigorous and scientific approaches for measuring, modelling and forecasting accounting numbers. Dr Falta's research was motivated by two observations. Firstly, in accounting practice, decision-making often relies on subjective quantifications and forecasts of business activities and, thus, does not account for uncertainty in a rational way. Secondly, there are some academic foundations for statistical approaches to accounting, yet none has been developed carefully enough for results to penetrate and to contribute to practitioners' needs. Dr Falta applied components of mathematics, statistics, econometrics, finance and computing to aspects of accounting and auditing. He developed an enhanced framework for scientific measurement of business process costing and recording accounting transaction data. This has enabled a better understanding of risk in accounting-based decision-making. His research is being incorporated in projects with the Royal Australian Navy and SunWater.
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Κωστάκη, Χαρά. "Μέθοδοι εισαγωγής και επίδραση των νέων τεχνολογιών και της πληροφορικής σε μονάδες υγείας." Thesis, 2007. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/600.
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Η διατριβή αναφέρεται στην ανάπτυξη μίας Μεθοδολογίας Ενοποίησης Εργαλείων Διοίκησης (Μ.Ε.Δ.Δ.) για την επίλυση προβλημάτων που παρουσιάζονται στον τομέα της υγείας, τα οποία αναφέρονται αφενός στη χωροθέτηση μονάδων υγείας και αφετέρου στην οργάνωση και διαχείρισή τους. Η καινοτομία της διατριβής αυτής είναι ότι αντιμετωπίζει τα προβλήματα αυτά σαν προβλήματα της μορφής ‘αιτία-κατάσταση-αντιμετώπιση’, δηλαδή προτείνει την ανάλυση των αιτιών (για παράδειγμα ανάλυση παραγόντων κινδύνου για τη δημιουργία Οξέος Στεφανιαίου Συνδρόμου) που οδηγούν σε μία κατάσταση (Οξύ Στεφανιαίο Σύνδρομο) και μετά χρησιμοποιεί αυτή την ανάλυση για την αντιμετώπιση των καταστάσεων (χωροθέτηση, οργάνωση και διαχείριση μονάδων καρδιαγγειακών νοσημάτων).
Η Μ.Ε.Ε.Δ. βασίζεται στην ενοποίηση μεθόδων από τα πεδία της Επιχειρηματικής Νοημοσύνης (Business Intelligence), της Επιχειρησιακής Έρευνας και της Κοστολόγησης, με σκοπό αρχικά την εξαγωγή κανόνων για την εύρεση αιτιών που δημιουργούν μία κατάσταση, στη συνέχεια την αντιμετώπιση αυτής της κατάστασης με βάση τους εξορυγχθέντες κανόνες και τέλος την οργάνωση των λειτουργικών μονάδων που δημιουργήθηκαν για την αντιμετώπιση της κατάστασης.
Αρχικά, χρησιμοποιούνται τρεις μέθοδοι του επιστημονικού πεδίου Εξόρυξης από Δεδομένα (data mining): οι κανόνες συσχέτισης (association rules), ταξινόμησης (classification rules) και ομαδοποίησης (clustering rules) ως τεχνικές εύρεσης ισχυρών κανόνων, δηλαδή αιτιών που δημιουργούν την κατάσταση. Στη συνέχεια, χρησιμοποιείται η ανάλυση χωροθέτησης (location analysis) από το πεδίο της επιχειρησιακής έρευνας, προκειμένου να χωροθετηθούν λειτουργικές μονάδες. Η τεχνική της προσομοίωσης (simulation) εφαρμόζεται, προκειμένου να εξετάσει σενάρια σχετικά με τη δομή και τους απαιτούμενους πόρους των μονάδων. Κατόπιν, η τεχνική της κοστολόγησης με βάση τις δραστηριότητες (Activity-based costing) χρησιμοποιείται για την κοστολόγηση των υπηρεσιών της μονάδας, ενώ η μέθοδος OLAP (On-line analytical processing) εφαρμόζεται για την παρακολούθηση της λειτουργίας της μονάδας και για τη λήψη στρατηγικών αποφάσεων και διορθωτικών μέτρων.
Η εργασία αυτή προτείνει την οργάνωση των μεθόδων που αναφέρθηκαν με μία συγκεκριμένη ροή, ώστε κανείς να οδηγείται σε μία ολοκληρωμένη λύση τέτοιων πολύπλοκων προβλημάτων.The thesis is concerned with the development of a methodology for solving a variety of problems in healthcare management, which refer to the location of health units, as well as their organization and management. The proposed methodology deals with these kinds of problems as problems of the form ‘cause-state-treatment’, which means that it proposes the analysis of the causes (for example risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease) which result in a state (cardiovascular disease) and then it uses this analysis to deal (treat) with the state (situation) (location, organization and management of Heart Disease Centers). The proposed methodology is based on the integration of various methods and techniques from the fields of Business Intelligence, Data Mining, Operational Research and Costing. Initially, the methodology extracts rules, which represent the causes that create a state, then it tackles the state (situation) based on the extracted rules, and finally it organizes the operational units, which are developed in order to deal with the state (situation). Thus, at the fist stage three data mining techniques are used: association rule mining, classification rules and clustering, as techniques for discovering strong rules in databases, that is, causes that lead to a state. Following, location analysis is used, intending to locate operational units, based on the quantitative results of the first stage. Simulation is used with the aim to examine alternative scenarios regarding the structure and the required resources (human resources as well as technology requirements) of the units. Then, activity-based costing is used to assess the efficiency of the health care technology. Finally, OLAP (On-line analytical processing) is applied in order for the health care managers to monitor the operations of the unit, as well as undertake corrective measures and finally aid decision making. The thesis proposes the organization of the aforementioned methods with a particular flow, so as the decision maker is led to an integrated solution of such complex health care management problems.
Book chapters on the topic "Activity-Based Risk Analysis (ABRA)"
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Emmett, Anne. "Outcome Analysis." In Quality Management and Accreditation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 43–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64492-5_6.
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AbstractTo understand and hence improve the positive impact of any healthcare activity, procedure or intervention, it is essential that there is an objective analysis of the activity, procedure or intervention based on predetermined standards.In the field of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, outcome analysis is the process by which the results of a transplant procedure are formally assessed. It includes a series of reviews for evaluating the effectiveness of the health care provided and for identifying the most promising therapies and transplant approaches, given the available medical evidence and healthcare resources.Outcome analysis allows the transplant team to understand the effects of their practice and improve quality. Its relevance is due to transplant involving high treatment-related risk, significant practice variations, and continual practice developments – for example, recent developments in CAR-T and IEC therapies.The main aim of this chapter is to discuss how to find outcome data and how and when to present it. This will need to be adapted to the local programme.
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Sumil-Laanemaa, Merle, Luule Sakkeus, Allan Puur, and Lauri Leppik. "Socio-demographic Risk Factors Related to Material Deprivation Among Older Persons in Europe: A Comparative Analysis Based on SHARE Data." In International Perspectives on Aging, 31–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_3.
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AbstractMaterial deprivation is a key aspect of social exclusion, and the domain of economic exclusion, for the older population. In this chapter we utilised cross-sectional data from Wave 5 (2013) of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and logistic regression analysis to assess the variation in material deprivation of the population aged 50+ across four geographic clusters of welfare regimes in Europe. We used the SHARE-based Material Deprivation Index (MDI) to assess the associations between material deprivation and socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education, economic activity status, household type, number of children, residential area, chronic diseases and limitations of daily activities, and origin). We observed a pronounced variation in material deprivation among the older population across welfare clusters, with high levels of MDI in the Eastern and Southern clusters. Living alone, having a large number of children, low education, activity limitations, and being of immigrant origin significantly increase the risk of material deprivation in older age in all clusters. The study also identified subgroups of older persons that have an increased risk of material deprivation in some but not all clusters, such as those aged 80+ and rural residents in the Southern and Eastern clusters.
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Kalsnes, Bjørn, and Vittoria Capobianco. "Use of Vegetation for Landslide Risk Mitigation." In Springer Climate, 77–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_10.
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AbstractLandslide risk management involves several activities, modelling being a required premise for most of them. Modelling of climate-induced landslides include both the analysis of the triggering process, i.e. static slope stability analysis and dynamic propagation (run-out) analysis. These analyses are vital for mapping purposes, as well as for selection of effective means to reduce the landslide risk when this exceeds a certain value of tolerance. With the prospect of increasing rainfall duration and intensity in parts of Europe, the need for further development of modelling tools is evident. In recent years, the use of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for mitigation of natural hazards has further demonstrated the need for developing the modelling tools. The use of vegetation as NBS is increasingly being used for erosion protection and shallow landslide mitigation. For slope stability analyses, the use of vegetation makes the modelling more complex for a number of reasons, mostly linked to the influence of vegetation on both the soil–atmosphere interaction (i.e. rainfall interception, evapotranspiration) and the soil hydro-mechanical properties. All effects that are difficult to model due to lack of knowledge and to large variations in time and space. Even though there is an increasing activity in the geotechnical environment to incorporate the effects of vegetation in the modelling for quantifying the change in slope stability (i.e. calculate slope safety factor), the status is far from being at the level of traditional landslide modelling tools. More efforts are therefore needed in the years to come to demonstrate that the use of vegetation as a viable and effective measure in landslide risk mitigation management can be verified in a more quantifiable manner.
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Hernandez, Julio, Lucy McKenna, and Rob Brennan. "TIKD: A Trusted Integrated Knowledge Dataspace for Sensitive Data Sharing and Collaboration." In Data Spaces, 265–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98636-0_13.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the Trusted Integrated Knowledge Dataspace (TIKD)—a trusted data sharing approach, based on Linked Data technologies, that supports compliance with the General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) for personal data handling as part of data security infrastructure for sensitive application environments such as healthcare. State-of-the-art shared dataspaces typically do not consider sensitive data and privacy-aware log records as part of their solutions, defining only how to access data. TIKD complements existing dataspace security approaches through trusted data sharing that includes personal data handling, data privileges, pseudonymization of user activity logging, and privacy-aware data interlinking services. TIKD was implemented on the Access Risk Knowledge (ARK) Platform, a socio-technical risk governance system, and deployed as part of the ARK-Virus Project which aims to govern the risk management of personal protection equipment (PPE) across a group of collaborating healthcare institutions. The ARK Platform was evaluated, both before and after implementing the TIKD, using both the ISO 27001 Gap Analysis Tool (GAT), which determines information security standard compliance, and the ISO 27701 standard for privacy information. The results of the security and privacy evaluations indicated that compliance with ISO 27001 increased from 50% to 85% and compliance with ISO 27701 increased from 64% to 90%. This shows that implementing TIKD provides a trusted data security dataspace with significantly improved compliance with ISO 27001 and ISO 27701 standards to share data in a collaborative environment.
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Oktarina, Sachnaz Desta, Ratnawati Nurkhoiry, Rizki Amalia, and Zulfi Prima Sani Nasution. "Stakeholder Perception and Empirical Evidence: Oil Palm Biomass Utilization as Climate-Smart Smallholder Practice." In Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia, 149–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81207-2_16.
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AbstractThe smallholder perception and adaptation of climate-smart practice has been rarely addressed. More precisely, on oil palm smallholder whose plot was frequently accused as driving force of ecosystem service depletion. The study to reveal stakeholder perception and its implementation towards biomass utilization was performed in the case study of North Sumatera Province. The Labuhan Batu, Batu Bara, Langkat, and Serdang Bedagai District was selected as the sample cases where the oil palm concessions were highly overlaid. The first phase of the study was conducted by text mining analysis to decode smallholder, practitioner, and expert’s perception and sentiment against oil palm biomass products within the SMEs scheme. The next phase of implementation was operated by introducing biomass-driven oil palm products such as empty fruit bunch briquette, oil palm fronds pellet, midrib handicraft, oil palm based-livestock feed, empty fruit bunch oyster mushrooms, oil palm juice brown sugar, oil palm-laminated wood, and empty fruit bunch-compost. The feasibility and preferences among those eight alternatives were then assessed by multi-criteria decision-making tools named Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on its benefit, opportunity, cost, and risk features. The text mining analysis discovered that initially, the smallholders were perceived to have a lower interest in making use of biomass products as they presumed that it still marginalize farmers. It was also still unclear whether they realize and understand the potential of biomass utilization to ameliorate nature. After the time of implementation, they were enlightened and chose oil palm midrib handicraft over other alternatives as their pluri-activity. Having said that, it is necessary to keep promoting climate-smart adaptation practices at the local level for the sustainability of people, profit, and the planet.
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Freitas, Matheus P., and Mariene H. Duarte. "Evolution of Multivariate Image Analysis in QSAR." In Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Drug Design, Predictive Toxicology, and Risk Assessment, 84–122. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8136-1.ch003.
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Multivariate Image Analysis applied in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (MIA-QSAR) is a simple method to achieve, at least in a variety of examples, QSAR models with predictive abilities comparable to those of sophisticated tridimensional methodologies. MIA-QSAR is based on the correlation between properties (e.g. biological activities) and chemical descriptors, which are pixels of images representing chemical structures in a congeneric series of molecules. The MIA-QSAR approach has been improved since its creation, in 2005, both in terms of data analysis and development of more descriptive information. This chapter reports the MIA-QSAR method, including its augmented version, named aug-MIA-QSAR because of the introduction of new dimensions to better encode atomic properties. In addition, the application to a case study illustrates the main practical differences between traditional and augmented MIA-QSAR. The use of a neglected disease as example represents a challenge in QSAR, which is particularly focused on diseases with higher economical appearance.
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Sharma, Isha, and Deepshikha Chhabra. "Meta-Heuristic Approach for Software Project Risk Schedule Analysis." In Analyzing the Role of Risk Mitigation and Monitoring in Software Development, 136–49. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6029-6.ch009.
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This chapter illustrates a technique to shorten the time duration using structured method. This is done by considering multiple resource constraints apart from time for the software project. The resource constraints are due to limited availability of resources (hardware, software, people, etc.). The difficulty is to locate minimal duration schedule. This is done by assigning the start time for each activity with the clear representation of precedence among them and resources available. There are various optimization approaches available but authors have selected a genetic algorithm. This method emulates the concept of biological evolution that is based on natural selection. This chapter concludes that additional research is needed in this area to provide better outcomes.
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Porretta, Pasqualina, and Santoboni Fabrizio. "Basel IV: The Challenge of II Pillar for Risk Management Function." In Risk Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96929.
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The book is based on Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) is conducted annually by the Supervisory Authorities to verify that each bank (Significant/Less Significant) has implemented strategies, processes, capital, and liquidity assessment process appropriate to the business model and overall planning activity and risk governance system. Analysis of the aims, the features, and the different phases of SREP and the proportionality principles on which the Single Rulebook is based. Some reflections about proportionality principle of Single Rule Book and new skills required to Risk Management function. The research emphasised the need for a holistic approach also in Risk Management and the bank’s business activity.
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Rehak, David, Martin Hromada, Ilias Gkotsis, Anna Gazi, Evita Agrafioti, Anastasia Chalkidou, Karolina Jurkiewicz, Fabio Bolletta, and Clemente Fuggini. "Validation Strategy as a Part of the European Gas Network Protection." In Issues on Risk Analysis for Critical Infrastructure Protection [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94644.
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The European gas network currently includes approximately 200,000 km high pressure transmission and distribution pipelines. The needs and requirements of this network are focused on risk-based security asset management, impacts and cascading effects of cyber-physical attacks on interdependent and interconnected European Gas grids. The European SecureGas project tackles these issues by implementing, updating, and incrementally improving extended components, which are contextualized, customized, deployed, demonstrated and validated in three business cases, according to scenarios defined by the end-users. Just validation is considered to be a key end activity, the essence of which is the evaluation of the proposed solution to determine whether it satisfies specified requirements. Therefore, the chapter deals with the validation strategy that can be implemented for the verification of these objectives and evaluation of technological based solutions which aim to strengthen the resilience of the European gas network.
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Pierański, Bartłomiej, and Jakub Berčík. "Research on electrodermal activity." In Experimental design and biometric research. Toward innovations, 61–88. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-079-1/ii2.
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In this chapter, a method of physiological measurements—that is detection of electrodermal activity based on the sectonic activity of eccrine sweat glands—is discussed. It is believed that the excretion of sweat, which is regulated by the nervous system acting independently of human will, is an indicator of a person’s emotional arousal as a result of specific stimuli. Hence, the electrodermal reaction can be used in diagnosing emotional arousal caused by, e.g. specific products, advertisements or elements of the in-store space. Electrical activity of the skin is caused by two types of stimuli: sustained and one-off. Sustained stimuli have a continuous effect on the body over a relatively long period of time. On the other hand, one-off stimuli have a relatively strong and very short-lasting effect. This type is defined as novel, unexpected, significant or aversive. Electrodermal activity is measured on the skin surface (Strelau, 2006). Generally speaking, the measurement of electrodermal activity is one of the biometric measurements. Biometrics is a universal term that represents measurements of the body’s physiological responses—not directly of the brain—to external stimuli that are felt through the senses (Pradeep, 2010; Berčík & Rybanská, 2017). The electrodermal method allows to measure either electrical resistance or its inverse, i.e. the electrical conductivity of the skin. These measurements are carried out while a small current flows through the skin from an external source. Electrodermal activity measurement is performed with the use of special electrodes, electrode gels and recording devices. The available equipment for the analysis of electordermal activity is characterised by relatively low cost (compared to other devices for physiological measurements)of purchase and operation. Moreover, the electrodermal activity measurement is non-invasive and carries no risk to the health or life of the test subjects.
Conference papers on the topic "Activity-Based Risk Analysis (ABRA)"
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Hostiadi, Dandy Pramana, Roy Rudolf Huizen, Lilis Yuningsih, Ni Luh Putri Srinadi, and I. Made Darma Susila. "Port Session Communication Analysis Using Density-Based Clustering For Host Anomaly and Risk Activity Analysis." In 2020 International Conference on Smart Technology and Applications (ICoSTA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosta48221.2020.1570613749.
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Don, S., Eumin Choi, and Dugki Min. "A situation aware framework for activity based risk analysis of patient monitoring system." In 2011 3rd International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icawst.2011.6163087.
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Grigoryan, Tsoghik, Janice Coats, and Paolo Rossetti. "ESSENTIAL SKILLS FOR AT-RISK STUDENTS’ ADVISING: ACTIVITY THEORY BASED ANALYSIS OF A PILOT STUDY." In 52nd International Academic Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.052.024.
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Zhao, Jian-Ping. "Risk-Based Inspection Analysis for High Pressure Hydrogenation Cracking Unit." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-94063.
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High pressure hydrogenation cracking unit is the core equipment system in the aromatic plant, which is subjected simultaneously to the action of hydrogen and high pressure and high temperature. In this paper, quantitative analysis method of RBI was carried out by Orbit-Onshore software, which was developed by DNV corporation. In API 581, the risk situation for a certain equipment unit were classified into four grades, such as low risk grade and medium risk grade and medium-high risk grade and high grade, which is expressed as risk matrix. The whole risk distribution of 553 equipment and piping items was obtained, and in which the hydrocracking reactors and the reactor effluent air coolers are belong to ‘medium-high risk’ grade. Based on the RBI results, an optimum inspection plan was developed by the author to reduce the risk level for the hydrogenation cracking unit. It is concluded that the optimum inspection plan was completely satisfied with the engineering specification of the aromatic plant, after the validation of the inspection activity in 2004.
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Dumitrache (Torcică), Gheorghița, and Diana Nicoleta Georgescu. "Analysis of the Quality-Risk Correlation in the Educational Organization." In G.I.D.T.P. 2019 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2019. LUMEN Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gidtp2022/04.
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Although, the concept of risk has always been implicit in quality standards in general, the emergence of the international quality management standard ISO 9001: 2015, which is no longer limited only to certain quality management processes but explicitly addresses risk-based thinking, makes risk management part of the strategic and operational planning of the organizational entity and justifies all in all, the concept of integrated quality-risk management, replacing preventive actions with actions taken to analyze risks and opportunities. Therefore, regardless of the field of activity of the organizational entity, quality assurance is strictly linked to the complex and continuous process of risk management, which integrates risk identification, risk assessment, elaboration of management strategies and risk mitigation by using managerial tools to achieve objectives, and obtaining or maintaining quality certification to the highest standards. Keeping this in view, the purpose of this paper was to identify the connections between the two concepts and integrate them into the organization's activity to obtain conclusions, solutions and proposals as managerial support in the educational organizational entities in order to facilitate the efficient and effective achievement of its objectives and to maintain a quality-oriented and risk avoidance.
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Zhang, Zhipeng, Kang Zhou, and Xiang Liu. "Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Broken Rail-Caused Train Derailments." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8100.
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Abstract Broken-rail prevention and risk management have been being a major activity for a long time for the railroad industry. The major objective of this research is to evaluate and analyze the broken rail-caused derailment risk using Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches. The risk model is primarily built upon 1) broken rail probability; 2) probability of broken-rail derailment given a broken rail; and 3) derailment severity, measured by the number of cars derailed. The train derailment risk accounts for derailment probability and derailment consequences simultaneously. Due to the low frequency of broken-rail derailments, it is desirable to estimate the probability of broken rail-caused derailments through the broken rail occurrence. The estimation of the probability of broken rail-caused derailment includes the conditional probability of derailment given broken rail occurrence and the probability of broken rail occurrence. More specially, the probability of broken-rail derailment given a broken rail can be estimated by the statistical relationship between broken-rail derailment and broken rail, given specific variables (e.g., track curvature, signal condition, and annual traffic). The probability of broken rails can be estimated using machine learning techniques based on railroad big data, including maintenance, track layout, traffic and historical inspection records. In terms of derailment consequence, it is defined as the number of cars (both loaded and empty) derailed per derailment that would be estimated based on potentially affecting factors, such as train length, train speed, and train tonnage. The quantitative estimation and analysis of broken rail-caused derailments are based upon the historical records from one Class I railroad company from 2012 to 2016, covering over 20,000 track miles on mainlines. The developed integrated risk model is able to contribute to the prediction of location-centric broken rail-caused derailment risk. Ultimately, the identification of high-risk locations can ultimately aid the railroads to mitigate broken rail risk in a cost-efficient manner and improve railroad safety.
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Anderson, Keith D. "Analysis of Management and Disposal Alternatives for Low Activity Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16192.
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Government and commercial decommissioning and remediation activities at nuclear sites and facilities often generate in large volumes and mass radioactive waste that is of low activity. In large part, the low activity radioactive waste generated from decommissioning and remediation activities are below regulatory limits for low level radioactive waste, while not meeting site specific dose and risk-based cleanup criteria. Policies and strategies for the remediation, management, and disposal of low activity radioactive waste in these circumstances often explore alternative options to fully licensed disposal. Primary goals in exploring alternative disposal options are protection of the public and the environment, while achieve a cost-effective solution. Vague regulations and arbitrary interpretation by federal and state regulators may enhance alternative disposal options or quash efforts by those conducting the remediation and decommissioning. Fundamental to the issues is the overriding concern of a lack of clarity and increased liability in the regulatory structure of the grey area that is low activity radioactive wastes. This paper explores the current efforts by the United States of America and International regulatory community to better define low activity radioactive waste and to provide effective and protective waste management and disposal policies and strategies.
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Belanova, Natalia Nikolaevna. "RISK ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-669/671.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of risks of innovation activity. Risk assessment is based on the method of expert assessments with the determination of the probability of occurrence of an event and possible losses. This allows you to identify the most significant risks and develop risk management measures (diversification, limitation, reservation, insurance, etc.).
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Silveira, Christina. "A Knowledge-Based Risk Management for the Utility Business Service Model." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2685.
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The digital economy needs new indicators for emergent technologies, and to establish them, a risk analysis model is deployed as an Information System Meta research method. The role of the Utility Business Service Model (UBSM) in mitigating information technology and information systems (IT/IS) risks in the business activity: assisting to understand how the virtual enterprise paradigm is shifting established values across the IT/IS value chain. The technical infrastructure for e-commerce and ebusiness share similar risks. The PMBook (Project Management Institute) risk analysis model is used to understand the risks involved in the adoption of UBSM by potential customers. This preliminary model will be part of a virtuous cycle of learning and informing. The twofold purpose of the knowledge-base risk management framework is (1) to summarise and categorise initial research finds about the use of the UBSM, and (2) survey the pace of adoption and acceptance of the UBSM as a service provision business model, which includes the application services provision (ASP) business model.
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Stasytytė, Viktorija, and Raminta Pilionienė. "Risk management model for transportation company." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.36.
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There are different risk management models developed in scientific as well as in practical literature, but they are usually of general manner and should be adapted for particular company or field of activity. The paper aims at developing a risk management model for transportation company, based on the prevalent theoretical provisions of risk management activity. The separate attention is given to risk identification stage as it proves to be a critical step of risk management process. Different methods, such as SWOT, PEST, financial analysis and questionnaire are applied to identify risks in transportation sector company. The proposed model includes the basic steps of risk management process and ends with a detailed risk management plan preparation.
Reports on the topic "Activity-Based Risk Analysis (ABRA)"
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Daniellou, François. Taking account of human and organisational factors in planning and designing a high risk system. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/381ynz.
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A Human and Organisational Factors (HOF) approach to project planning and design aims to improve decisions by anticipating the consequences of technical and organisational choices on the human activity that will take place in future operations. To foster efficient and safe work, the HOF approach is based on in-depth analysis of human activity in existing situations combined with simulation of probable activity in future operations, based on planned technical and organisational choices. The approach requires project owners to express their requirements clearly, good coordination with design and engineering contractors, and participation of various stakeholders, in particular from operations. The integration of a HOF approach should start at Front End Engineering and continue until the final project review.
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Zyriax, Birgit-Christiane, and Eberhard Windler. Lifestyle changes at midlife to prevent cardiovascular disease: a systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0061.
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Review question / Objective: What kind of evidence-based diet and physical activity should or can be recommended to adults in order to reduce their cardiovascular risk. Condition being studied: Cardiovascular disease. Eligibility criteria: Publications will be extracted independently by two researchers according to defined search string and get color coded as agreed on: Yellow: studies and RCTs of the association of nutrients, physical activity and cardiovascular outcomes for discussion. Green: meta-analysis of studies and RCTs of the association of nutrients, physical activity and cardiovascular outcomes. Green subgroup AMSTAR-2: meta-analysis of studies and RCTs of the association of food-patterns and cardiovascular outcomes. The AMSTAR-2 checklist will be used for evaluating the methodological quality of these studies.
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort, and O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging, British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328850.
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The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is a mature oil and gas basin with an extraordinary endowment of publicly accessible data. It contains structural elements of varying age, expressed as folding, faulting, and fracturing, which provide a record of tectonic activity during basin evolution. Knowledge of the structural architecture of the basin is crucial to understand its tectonic evolution; it also provides essential input for a range of geoscientific studies, including hydrogeology, geomechanics, and seismic risk analysis. This study focuses on an area defined by the subsurface extent of the Triassic Montney Formation, a region of the WCSB straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia, and covering an area of approximately 130,000 km2. In terms of regional structural elements, this area is roughly bisected by the east-west trending Dawson Creek Graben Complex (DCGC), which initially formed in the Late Carboniferous, and is bordered to the southwest by the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene Rocky Mountain thrust and fold belt (TFB). The structural geology of this region has been extensively studied, but structural elements compiled from previous studies exhibit inconsistencies arising from distinct subregions of investigation in previous studies, differences in the interpreted locations of faults, and inconsistent terminology. Moreover, in cases where faults are mapped based on unpublished proprietary data, many existing interpretations suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this study, publicly accessible data - formation tops derived from well logs, LITHOPROBE seismic profiles and regional potential-field grids, are used to delineate regional structural elements. Where seismic profiles cross key structural features, these features are generally expressed as multi-stranded or en echelon faults and structurally-linked folds, rather than discrete faults. Furthermore, even in areas of relatively tight well control, individual fault structures cannot be discerned in a robust manner, because the spatial sampling is insufficient to resolve fault strands. We have therefore adopted a structural-corridor approach, where structural corridors are defined as laterally continuous trends, identified using geological trend surface analysis supported by geophysical data, that contain co-genetic faults and folds. Such structural trends have been documented in laboratory models of basement-involved faults and some types of structural corridors have been described as flower structures. The distinction between discrete faults and structural corridors is particularly important for induced seismicity risk analysis, as the hazard posed by a single large structure differs from the hazard presented by a corridor of smaller pre-existing faults. We have implemented a workflow that uses trend surface analysis based on formation tops, with extensive quality control, combined with validation using available geophysical data. Seven formations are considered, from the Late Cretaceous Basal Fish Scale Zone (BFSZ) to the Wabamun Group. This approach helped to resolve the problem of limited spatial extent of available seismic data and provided a broader spatial coverage, enabling the investigation of structural trends throughout the entirety of the Montney play. In total, we identified 34 major structural corridors and number of smaller-scale structures, for which a GIS shapefile is included as a digital supplement to facilitate use of these features in other studies. Our study also outlines two buried regional foreland lobes of the Rocky Mountain TFB, both north and south of the DCGC.
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Solaun, Kepa, Gerard Alleng, Adrián Flores, Chiquita Resomardono, Katharina Hess, and Helena Antich. State of the Climate Report: Suriname. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003398.
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Suriname is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Among the factors that exacerbate its vulnerability are its dependency on fossil fuels, the degradation of important ecosystems (e.g., mangroves), and the fact that 87% of the population, and most of the countrys economic activity is located within the low-lying coastal area. Many sectors are at risk of suffering losses and damage caused by gradual changes and extreme events related to climate change. For Suriname to develop sustainably, it should incorporate climate change and its effects into its decision-making process based on scientific- evidence. The State of the Climate Report analyzes Surinames historical climate (1990-2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020-2044, 2045-2069, 2070-2094) through two emissions scenarios (intermediate/ SSP2-4.5 and severe/ SSP5-8.5). The analysis focuses on changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds for the seven subnational locations of Paramaribo, Albina, Bigi Pan MUMA, Brokopondo, Kwamalasamutu, Tafelberg Natural Reserve, and Upper Tapanahony. The Report also analyzes climate risk for the countrys ten districts by examining the factors which increase their exposure and vulnerability on the four most important sectors affected by climate change: infrastructure, agriculture, water, and forestry, as well as examining the effects across the sectors. The State of the Climate Report provides essential inputs for Suriname to develop and update its climate change policies and targets. These policies and targets should enable an adequate mainstreaming of climate change adaptation and resilience enhancementinto day-to-day government operations. It is expected that the Report will catalyze similar efforts in the future to improve decision-making by providing science-based evidence.
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Solaun, Kepa, Chiquita Resomardono, Katharina Hess, Helena Antich, Gerard Alleng, and Adrián Flores. State of the Climate Report: Suriname: Summary for Policy Makers. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003415.
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Several factors contribute to Surinames particular vulnerability to the effects of climate change. It is dependent on fossil fuels, has forests liable to decay, fragile ecosystems, and its low-lying coastal area accounts for 87% of the population and most of the countrys economic activity. Many sectors are at risk of suffering losses and damage caused by gradual changes and extreme events related to climate change. For Suriname to develop sustainably, it should incorporate climate change and its effects into its decision-making process based on scientific- evidence. The State of the Climate Report analyzes Surinames historical climate (1990-2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020-2044, 2045-2069, 2070-2094) through two emissions scenarios (intermediate/ SSP2-4.5 and severe/ SSP5-8.5). The analysis focuses on changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds for the seven subnational locations of Paramaribo, Albina, Bigi Pan MUMA, Brokopondo, Kwamalasamutu, Tafelberg Natural Reserve, and Upper Tapanahony. The Report also analyzes climate risk for the countrys ten districts by examining the factors which increase their exposure and vulnerability on the four most important sectors affected by climate change: infrastructure, agriculture, water, and forestry, as well as examining the effects across the sectors. The State of the Climate provides essential inputs for Suriname to develop and update its climate change policies and targets. These policies and targets should serve as enablers for an adequate mainstreaming of climate change adaptation and resilience enhancement into day-to-day government operations.
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Ahmad, Noshin S., Raul Pineda-Mendez, Fahad Alqahtani, Mario Romero, Jose Thomaz, and Andrew P. Tarko. Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317438.
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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, H. Aird, S. Lai, M. Chattaway, I. Lock, E. Quill, and G. Raykova. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.
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Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.
Full textAbstract:
With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor