Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Activity led learning'
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Igarashi, H. "The development of professional judgement capacity through activity led learning." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/9245a038-ced4-4574-9c6e-02f69f802816/1.
Full textKhasanzyanova, Albina. "Les apprentissages des bénévoles dans l’activité associative. Quelles compétences acquièrent-ils, pour quels usages ?" Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML010.
Full textThis research aims to study the types of learning that volunteers develop during their activities in associations and it mainly concerns informal learning, that is to say, in action and in practice. It is based on two surveys (questionnaires and semi-structured interviews) and mobilizes a composite frame of reference which incorporates the concepts of experience, experiential learning, activity, competencies and development.The results of this study show that volunteers acquire or strengthen « professional » competencies but also soft skills; relational, social and human skills. Among the processes that contribute to the development of learning, reconfiguration of cognitive resources from prior experiences or learning (professional, academic or family) seems essential.The results also show that volunteers usually transfer their knowledge outside associations and the competencies acquired are different depending on socio professional backgrounds (students, employees, persons looking for work). Finally it appears that the social uses of the learning developed in associations are diverse
Sansano, Sansano Emilio. "Machine learning-based techniques for indoor localization and human activity recognition through wearable devices." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14101.2020.180044.
Full textEsta tesis aborda el estudio de una serie de técnicas basadas en el aprendizaje automático (machine learning), con la intención de mejorar el rendimiento de los sistemas de posicionamiento en interiores, haciendo especial hincapié en el uso de dispositivos portátiles de bajo coste. Tambien se presentan dos herramientas destinadas a facilitar la investigación en este campo, mediante el desarrollo de un paquete de software para el estudio en el campo del posicionamiento en interiores, y mediante la creación de una plataforma web pensada para servir como un repositorio colaborativo de datos. El paquete de software ha sido desarrollado como software abierto usando el lenguaje R, con el objeto de permitir a otros usuarios colaborar en el desarrollo de futuras funcionalidades.
Programa de Doctorat en Informàtica
Dridi, Imen. "Étude des effets neurotoxiques induits par l'exposition gestationnelle et lactationnelle des souris « SWISS» de génération F1 aux anguilles (Anguilla anguilla L.) contaminées aux POP dont les polychlorobiphényles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0269/document.
Full textThe objective of the present study is the evaluation of gestational and lactational exposure to contaminated eels, containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs, on learning, memory, motor activity, resignation behavior, oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase activity of the offspring mice. For this purpose female mice were orally exposed during gestational and breast feeding period (from JG6 to JPN 21), through standard diet containing contaminated eel with Σ6 NDL-PCBs or no. Three doses of Σ 6 NDL-PCBs were chosen: 85ng / kg / day, 216 ng / kg / day and 400ng / kg / day. A control group of female mice, receiving the standard diet without fish, was used. Results showed that gestational and lactational exposure to contaminated eels, containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs, did not affect the memory and learning capacities. However the early-life exposure to polluted eels containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs caused late, persistent and gender dependent neurobehavioral hyperactive effects in offspring mice that affects only offspring females. Furthermore our results suggest that the consumption of polluted fish by pregnant and lactating dams might cause neurobehavioral depression only in their male offspring, at progressive life stage. Moreover the study of oxidative status on the three brain areas (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum), revealed that the treatment had affected the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Cat, SOD) only in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus of male mice. The consequences of oxidative stress in this study were revealed by an increase of protein carbonyl levels in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of offspring male mice, exposed to chemically contaminated fish containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs at the dose of 85 and 216 ng / kg / day, respectively. However the treatment had no effect on the lipids. Indeed there were no significant differences in the MDA rate, in the three studied regions of the brain, between treated and control mice. Moreover, gestational and lactational exposure to contaminated eels, containing Σ6NDL-PCB at the dose of 85 and 400 ng / kg / day, had inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, in the prefrontal cortex, only of female mice. However, in the hippocampus, the enzyme activity was inhibited of male mice, exposed to contaminated eels, containing Σ6NDL-PCB at the dose of 85 ng/ kg / day and in all the treated female offspring mice
Dunaway, Jeanne M. "Cooperative learning third grade mathematics activities for LEP students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/706.
Full textGarnotel, Maël. "Apport de la reconnaissance des postures et des activités par accélérométrie à la caractérisation du comportement de mouvement chez l’humain : application à l’étude de la transition épidémiologique chez les Peuls." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6kk9b3r.
Full textFacing the rise of non-communicable diseases, physical activity and sedentary behavior are a major health issue. Evaluating the synergies of movement behavior dimensions in order to establish its link with health emerges is a key challenge. The development of accelerometry has revolutionized the understanding of these links, traditionally studied using declarative data, associated with well-established biases. The classical accelerometry approach allows continuous measurement over long periods in free living conditions but encounters limitations inherent in signal processing and in the non-linear relationship between accelerometry and energy expenditure to characterize human movement in a satisfactory way. My first objective was to clarify the limits of the current approach and to contribute to the improvement of the phenotyping of movement behavior through new analytic methods relying on the automatic activity recognition of postures and activities. In the second part of my thesis, I applied these new approaches to the study of the Fulani of Senegal, a population in epidemiological transition. My work has clarified the limitations of traditional approaches to accelerometry and the value of activities recognition through automatic learning algorithms to overcome the difficulties encountered. For the first time, they show the contribution of this approach to the detailed characterization of a population's physical activity and sedentary behaviors, in relation to its environment. It should contribute in a useful way to the development of future recommendations that are more appropriate for the general population
Werling, Malin. "Musik-lek-motorik : En kvalitativ studie av förstaklasslärares uppfattningar om motorik." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Musikhögskolan Ingesund, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8729.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to investigate the class teacher’s perception of how motor training is carried out in school, and what the training can lead to. The aim is also to examine what role music can play in motor training. The work is based on a qualitative study in the form of interviews with five teachers active at the primary school stage. In the background literature, motor development is described, problems that can arise from lack of motor skills, research in motor training and the role of music in training motor skills. The selected literature shows a divided view about the significance of motor training in a child’s learning process. The results of the interview analysis show however, that the teachers see connections between motor function and learning, but also that this is a very complex matter. The connection between motor function and learning can be seen in social development, development of the brain, playing, and more. The work illustrates that there are similarities in the opinions of teachers, but differences in the way they work. The motor training can be done in different ways, but great importance is attached to playing.
Glaser, Jacqueline. "Les effets d’une activité de remédiation cognitive groupale sur les difficultés d’apprentissage liées au développement moral." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20076/document.
Full textWe are working on the cognitive remediation involving children in school failure due to an impediment linked to their moral development. The research refers to Piaget, but not only, in so far as it is based on works inspired either from researchs of this author, either from other prospects complementary to the preceding one’s. The aim is to set up a way of working propitiating actual experiences of cooperation and promoting conditions allowing children autonomy. The remediation activity lasted 6 months, and 21 children of 3 schools in Lyon participated in small groups. A passation to evaluate the cognitive, moral and psychoaffective fields took place before and after the remediation. An interview with the parents and an observation form completed by the teachers finish off the research which aims the diagnosis, the prevention and the remediation of the learning disabilities
Este trabalho trata da remediação cognitiva de crianças em fracasso escolar por problèmas ligados ao desenvolvimento moral. A pesquisa se refere à Piaget, mas não somente, uma vez que se apoia também em trabalhos inspirados de pesquisas desse autor e outras perspectivas complementarias. O objetivo é de estabelecer uma maneira de trabalhar favorecendo a vivência da cooperação e promovendo situações que facilitam a autonomia das crianças. A atividade de remediação durou 6 meses, 21 crianças de 3 escolas da cidade de Lyon participaram em pequenos grupos. Uma testagem avaliou as crianças antes e depois da remediação nos dominios cognitivo, moral et psico-afetivo. Uma entrevista com os pais e uma ficha prenchida pelos professores complementam a pesquisa que pretende abranger o diagnostico, a prevenção e a remediação das dificuldades de aprendizagem
Pereira-Paulo, Lennize. "Les instruments du travail du malade : les « agir sur soi » dans les activités au service du maintien de soi en vie et en santé." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1074/document.
Full textBased on the conceptual developments brought to the theory of the activity by occupational psychology, this research explores the genesis and the functions of the instruments used by the subjects living with a chronic disease in their daily life given that patient ‘s participation in their own care is conceived as a work. The research is based on analysis of fourteen interviews conducted with people affected by one or more severe chronic diseases. It explores and analyses different situations describing how the subject affected by a chronic disease creates, invents different means to « act on oneself » in order to stay alive . This research describes how participants living with one or several chronic diseases use artefacts, tools, instruments , strategies to maintain active the multiple dimensions of their involvement with the world. Using different conceptual frameworks of research on work such as extended instrumental theory ( Rabardel), mediated activity ( Vygotski), the patient’s work ( Tourette-Turgis), content analysis of interviews shows three different categories of instruments ( material, intangible, mixted ) used by the participants of the study. These instruments seem to fulfill the functions of organizers of activities and transformations of the activities and the subjects
Vidard, Véronique. "DramAula : les apports des activités dramatiques dans la compétence d'interaction orale en espagnol langue étrangère au collège." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20017/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyse Spanish didactic and theatrical performance. Spanish didactic is analysed in the context of learning a second language in school with Year 8 children (4eme). The aim is to develop a theatrical didactic to be used by teacher to improve verbal communication in school. This research allows the creation of a new methodology called DramAula. The main objective of this work is to improve the teaching of a second language in school by developing confidence, autonomy and creativity in children with the help of theatrical activities. Theatrical activity is thought to increase motivation and verbal exchanges in children and create a better learning environment. This didactic method is in accordance with the European program to improve language skills learning
Negin, Farhood. "Vers une reconnaissance des activités humaines non supervisées et des gestes dans les vidéos." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4246/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to propose a complete framework for automatic discovery, modeling and recognition of human activities in videos. In order to model and recognize activities in long-term videos, we propose a framework that combines global and local perceptual information from the scene and accordingly constructs hierarchical activity models. In the first variation of the framework, a supervised classifier based on Fisher vector is trained and the predicted semantic labels are embedded in the constructed hierarchical models. In the second variation, to have a completely unsupervised framework, rather than embedding the semantic labels, the trained visual codebooks are stored in the models. Finally, we evaluate the proposed frameworks on two realistic Activities of Daily Living datasets recorded from patients in a hospital environment. Furthermore, to model fine motions of human body, we propose four different gesture recognition frameworks where each framework accepts one or combination of different data modalities as input. We evaluate the developed frameworks in the context of medical diagnostic test namely Praxis. Praxis test is a gesture-based diagnostic test, which has been accepted as a diagnostically indicative of cortical pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease. We suggest a new challenge in gesture recognition, which is to obtain an objective opinion about correct and incorrect performances of very similar gestures. The experiments show effectiveness of our deep learning based approach in gesture recognition and performance assessment tasks
Spach, Michel. "Activités robotiques à l'école primaire et apprentissage de concepts informatiques : quelle place du scénario pédagogique ? Les limites du co-apprentissage." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB198/document.
Full textThis research, which takes place within the framework of Baron and Bruillard's research in didactics of computer science,analyzes how primary school teachers, not computer experts, design and implement scenarios involving ground pedagogical robots in their classrooms. The integration of these robots has been studied with the aim of shedding light on their possible pedagogical contributions. It shows how these teachers succeed in defining pedagogical situations of these knowledge objects to which they have never been confronted before and in developing pupils' thinking in action. Student activity was analyzed, through the instrumental approach (Rabardel), in order to understand how the learning of computational concepts emerges from these activities. The question of the learning of concepts and methods specific to the computer domain through robotics is analyzed using the theory of conceptual fields (Vergnaud). This research provides additional understanding how these teachers intuitively develop and implement scenarios to teach a few computer concepts. It demonstrates their ability to integrate tangible or symbolic objects into computer learning sessions by performing a minimum analysis of the robot's functionality. During the activities in which they are mobilized, robotic tools and teaching aids accompany learning. In terms of learning, pupils have forged, through instrumentation and instrumentalities, tools and methods to understand the computer object. The concepts and notions involved are particularly dependent on the technological contexts specific to each robot. Methods specific to software production allowed the sequencing of the programming activity into phases of specification, design, realization and development. Programming paradigms were also approached, such as procedural programming in the case of the Bee-Bot robot and event programming in the case of the study of the behavior of the Thymio robot. Outside the computer field, problem solving, by being placed at the heart of the scenarios, allowed students to develop trial and error approaches in a small group work environment that facilitate exchanges and interactions between students
Salmi, Louiza. "Pertinence des normes et standards dans les dispositifs de formation à distance." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC036/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on standardization in the field of distance learning. Among the many proposed standards, our interest focuses on the enrichment of latest standard proposal, which is the IMS-LD standard. We would therefore introduce the standardization relevance notion which means the ability of IMS-LD prescribes learning scenarios that actually meet certain educational principles. For our research, we focused on an essential component of learning (Leontiev, 1981), it is the motivation to learn. From this thesis, we obtained three main results validated by conducting case studies: first, is an activity theories’ posteriori design based approach; It describes, from traces, the actual learning activity scenario taking into account its human factors. The second result is a taxonomy based on the speech acts theory; it allowed us to translate some motivation components as a set of speech acts observed in « Chat » discussion. The third result is a motivation descriptive model that reflects, from the traces, the perceptions and their origins. This model uses our taxonomy and is based on the adjacency pairs concept derived from conversational analysis. Finally, our conclusions explain further, our secondary results and provide opportunities for continuing our question about standards relevance
Terrat, Hélène. "Apports et limites des TICE dans les apprentissages de la langue chez les élèves handicapés moteurs présentant des troubles associés : utilisation des traces numériques pour favoriser l'apprentissage de la langue écrite." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20039.
Full textIn our time, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become all-pervading in our daily life and allows disabled children more access to the school system, while at the same time drastically changing the way we define the identity and missions of such institution s: ICT tools therefore lead us to question the very foundations of learning and teaching, especially as regards linguistic skills.This study offers a few perspectives on these tools and the possibilities they entail, in order to improve both the assessment of the needs of children with motor disability and associated disorders, in terms of self-esteem, success and autonomy, and the identification and development of strategies for these pupils. Our study first describes, from an ethnographical point of view, the observation and analysis of three videos by three pupils engaged in a course of learning via a digital tracer tool designed especially for the experiment, and the reflexive feedback derived from the traces that were produced. The study then goes on to analyze the results of a survey done with specialized teachers who used our digital tool with a hundred handicapped children. The survey questions users about our initial hypotheses concerning auditory and visual traces, and the tool’s contribution to the development of phonological, morphological and syntactical consciousness, as well as the emergence of metacognition, in order to confirm or disconfirm our observations on the case of the three children mentioned above. For these children with motor disability associated with severe sensory disabilities (linguistic, mnemonic, attention-related) we have privileged, in this tool, vocal feedback as auditory trace, personalization and registering of the work environment, increased reflexivity in the form of a dynamic visual feedback on every action of the child with the help of a “tracer” module, and recording of all events of the history likely to be replayed after the event in a “film” module. A tool used as a means of schooling and learning, Pictop is intended, first and foremost, as an aid to the development of thought contents. This study offers perspectives on new uses of digital traces as an instrument learning and autonomy, especially important for handicapped children, but probably useful to other pupils as well
Larsson, Emelie. "Fysisk aktivitet i förskolan : En studie om estetiska lärprocesser och fysisk aktivitet i förskolan samt pedagogernas inställning till den." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68352.
Full textJag kommer i min studie undersöka vilka tankar pedagogerna har om fysisk aktivitet i förskolan samt hur pedagogerna resonerar kring fysisk aktivitet i relation till estetiska lärprocesser. Jag undersöker särskilt hur fysisk aktivitet kan vara kopplat till kreativitet och lek, vilken betydelse pedagogernas roll får för att stimulera barnens sinnliga förmågor och hur det på ett kreativt sätt kan ske ett utvecklande och lustfyllt lärande. Anledningen till att jag valt att studera fysisk aktivitet i relation till estetiska lärprocesser är för att jag tror att vi med stor fördel kan använda oss av estetiska lärprocesser som ett verktyg för att lära ut ämnen som vi inte ser som klassiska, estetiska ämnen, till exempel matematik och naturvetenskapliga ämnen, barnen behöver då ledas pedagogiskt. Studien bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex förskollärare på tre förskolor i Karlstad kommun. I resultatet framkom att pedagogerna anser att fysisk aktivitet är viktigt för att främja hälsan och barnens grovmotorik och koordination, men att det sällan sker planerade och ledda fysiska aktiviteter, den fysiska aktiviteten sker istället i barnens spontana och fria lek.
Gillet, Isabelle. "L'impact des variables dispositionnelles et de la déclaration de liberté sur les résultats d'une activité de formation." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685039.
Full textCodreanu, Elena. "Les Espaces Numériques de Travail dans l’enseignement primaire : le rôle de la conception et des facteurs situationnels dans l’adoption technologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2032.
Full textThe objectif on this PhD thesis is to assess the factors involved in the acceptance of a VLE (Virtual Learning Environment), called One, in a context of primary schools in France. Within this framework, we developed a trangulated acceptancy model which associates three types of determinants : practical factors (related to the technology conception), perceptual factors (associated to users’ attitudes toward One), and situated factors related to the school activity system’s specifications. In order to assess these factors, we implemented three phases of data collection. In the first stage (Topic 1), we assessed, from usage statistics, the differences between schools that were involved in the platform’s design and those who where not. In the second stage (Topic 2), we evaluated the teachers and parents’ atitudes toward the VLE with specific one-to-one interviews and surveys. Finally, the third stage (Topic 3) was based on qualitative interviews and ethnographic analysis of activities developed by teacher, students and parents on the platform.The results attest the fact that the acceptance of VLE in primary schools is a slow process which is built step by step and achieved over several years. The collaboration between designers and teachers plays a crucial role in the future acceptance of One. The teachers and parents are globaly in favour of platform’s adoption and they show positive views on its ease of use, the facilitator role played in the communication between families and schools and concerning a better monitoring of pupils. They fear however that One could increase the length of childrens’ exposure to screens. The situated factors highlight some difficulties to integrate technologies in teachers’ everyday practices : organisational issues, class management, lack of infrastructure, increase in classes’ lenght, insuffisant pedagogical support for teachers. Nonetheless, the teachers appreciate the contribution of the platform in the development of children’s digital skills on the one hand, and in a better exploitation and recognition of childen’s knowledge and a more autonomous learning experience on theother hand
Alcheghri, Hassan. "Usages pédagogiques des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) à l'école primaire : cas du Tableau Numérique Interactif (TNI)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2061/document.
Full textOur work deals with the use of interactive whiteboard (IWB) in schools. We are particularly interested in the cognitive effects of three pedagogical potentials of the IWB on the teaching and learning in Cycle III of primary school in France. The study is conducted in primary classes 4 (CM1) and primary 5 (CM2) and focuses on the teaching and learning of the concept of fractions.The relationship between the use of IWB and the effects of these practices on student learning appears complex and raises many questions. This complexity comes primarily from the plurality of factors more or less involved in the teaching and learning process. To better understand this issue, our research focuses on the influence of the three themes of the IWB: 1. the technical educational interactivity supported by the use of IWB; 2. the terms and working ergonomics involved by the use of IWB; 3. Visual and manipulated multimodal media used on this digital instrument.This study focuses on theoretical elements used in research in the fields of education and disciplinary teaching to address this problem. We based our thinking, initially, on the notion of mediation by drawing on the instrumental approach according to Rabardel (1995). The tasks done in the classroom are in a collective framework. Secondly, we analyze, according to the theory of activity of Engeström (1987). Finally, we are inspired by the works of Piaget (1948) in order to understand the development and construction of the notion of fractions in children. Besides, in this research, the IWB is not isolated from other existing elements in the class but it is a techno-semiotic-pragmatic device (Peraya, 1999). From this point of view, the IWB meets three entities: the technic, the semiotics and the social. The IWB is seen as the set of interactions between these three areas: technological, technosocial and system of representations of the order of semiocognitif.The three fields of investigation of the IWB were conducted with a sample composed of students and teachers from the department of Rhone through questionnaires, direct field observations, interviews and pre and post testing. The objective of plurality of data construction tools was to confront the opinions obtained in order to consider the effects of three pedagogical potentials of the IWB on the teaching and learning of the concept of fractions.This research shows that IWB is a very useful tool for the teaching and learning of fractions. In particular, we found that the IWB promotes interactions between different actors in the classroom and the collective construction of knowledge. Teachers have particularlyemphasized the assistance the IWB has brought to the relational development of students and the singular facilitation the conceptualization of the concept of fractions. Visual and multimodal media manipulation of the IWB is also a cognitive aid for students in their learning
Chebil, Hajer. "Corpus de traces d’activité dans les environnements informatiques pour l’apprentissage humain : modélisation, étude d’une plateforme de gestion, et application à la construction de corpus de référence." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0718/document.
Full textThis work is part of the “TEL Environments customization” project studying the use ofactivity traces in the evaluation and customization of mediated learning situations. Analyzingtraces is generally performed using analysis tools developed by researchers specifically fortheir needs. Published research results can generally not be verified or compared, due todifficulties of sharing corpora and analysis tools. The aim of this research work is to provideresearchers using TEL environments in their researches with a platform to share corpora ofcontextualized interaction traces and analyses performed on them, and to analyse thosecorpora using shared analysis and visualization tools. Heterogeneity of traces produced byTEL environments, due to the diversity of learning domains and to analysis needs makes theproposition of a common representation cannot satisfy the various needs of multidisciplinaryresearchers. We propose the “proxy” approach, a participative and incremental solution basedon an ontology which defines three models: a corpus model defining the structure anddescription metadata of the corpus and its contents, a semantic model defining genericconcepts which can be retrieved in shared corpora, and an operational model defining a set ofoperations ensuring interoperability between shared corpora and analysis tools. Based on thisapproach, we propose a platform architecture for sharing traces corpora and analysis toolsallowing researchers to share their own corpora, to access to shared corpora, and to analyzethem
Rocher, Hahlin Céline. "Motivation pour apprendre une langue étrangère – une question de visualisation? : Les effets de trois activités en cours de français sur la motivation d’élèves suédois." Licentiate thesis, Lunds universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-26955.
Full textLermigeaux, Isabelle. "Rôle de l'organisation de l'espace de travail sur les activités effectives et empêchées des enseignants : rôle de la configuration de la salle de sciences dans l'apprentissage de la compétence d'argumentation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH019/document.
Full textThe organization of the workspace is an aspect of the instrumental context of teaching (Grangeat & Hudson, 2015). The appropriation of the space of the class as an instrument (Rabardel, 1995) may facilitate the activity of the professional or on the contrary reduce the teacher’s power to act (Clot, 2008), by preventing or by limiting actions and interactions. The space of the classroom is a relational space (Löw, 2001) that carries a more or less strong frontal message, determining a structure of communication more or less directed towards the teacher (Fisher and Fousse, 2002).The layout of the students has an incidence on their performances (Perkins & Wieman, 2005; Brooks, 2011, 2012) and it also seems that the interactions between pupils differ according to the accessibility of the teacher in their workspace (Issaadi & Jaillet, 2017). The space of the classroom is also the space of activity (Leplat, 2000), where the teacher is moving, playing on the codes of proxemy and using specific places (Hall, 1968, Forest, 2006). The teacher's movements appear as professional gestures, expressing professional knowledge and perception of the spatial affordances by the teacher (Gibson, 1979; Warren &Wang, 1987).This search analyzed the teacher's movements under the angle of the analysis of activity, by examining the accessibility (Vickerman, 1974) of four classroom spaces (Islands, Bus, Hybrid and Comb). The objective was to examine to what extent the constraints bound to the workspace modified the interactions between the teacher and the groups of students. The methodology used behavioral mapping following Legendre and Depeau (2003), in order to link the spatial and temporal data bound to the teacher's movements and the data concerning the processes of learning.The verbal exchanges between the students in a group – the argumentation, realization of the task and motivational exchanges- and the exchanges between the teacher and the group, were analyzed, in the context of the Inquiry Based Sciences Teaching (IBST). This context presents specific constraints bound to the space since the furniture is fixed to the ground, and needs an organization adapted to the work in small groups. Two constructs, the potential accessibility and the effective proximity were mobilized in this search.The results show that a specific value of potential accessibility characterizes every configuration, and that the effective proximity of the teacher towards the groups of students seems correlated with the potential accessibility of the groups. They also show that, although the verbal interactions between the teachers and the groups do not differ according to the configuration, the quality of the regulatory process in a group and the quality of the process of argumentation are affected by the configuration, and that their quality is less good when the access is more difficult, what underlines the role of the perception of accessibility.We suggest to use the constructs of potential accessibility, of effective proximity, and the methodology of geospatial analysis of the interactions of class for assessing the new learning spaces that emerge with the generalization of the digital tools in class
Ignanga, Bouassa Guy Christian. "L'acquisition de la réflexivité en orthographe syntaxique chez les élèves de cinquième année primaire au Gabon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0145.
Full textThe language of instruction in the Gabonese education system is French. The learning of this language is based on several subjects including spelling which is our object of study. Unfortunately, we note that the pupils experience difficulties in learning this subject. We observe an exponential increase in errors in the written productions of learners of the fifth year of primary education in Gabon. The exploratory survey indeed reveals that the pupils encounter difficulties with regard to the application of the orthographic rules. The primary aim of this research is to identify and classify spelling errors based on the typology of Nina catch (1980). The test dictation shows that the writers of the fifth year primary classes make a multitude of errors in terms of written productions. Our research focused on a sample of 226 fifth grade primary learners from eight classes. It appears that syntactic spelling is the major difficulty that poses a problem. Furthermore, at the end of the organization of the graphic negotiation workshops, we noted a development of spelling skills among pupils of the fifth year of primary education in Gabon. The success rate recorded is based on the exchanges that took place within the groups. Verbal interactions have led to socio-cognitive conflicts and a chang in representations among learners. As a result, the percentage of errors has decreased for scripters
Peytavin, Lucile. "Histoire relationnelle du genre chez les artisan-e-s-commerçant-e-s de proximité au village (XIXe-XXe siècles)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2023/document.
Full textOur thesis focuses on crafts and rural trade between 1890 and 1960, a period corresponding to the peak and decline of these lines of businesses. As such, the working life of several families of small entrepreneurs has been studied: the framework of the small family business managed by a couple supported by their children, with or without an employee, allows the relational history of these workers to be made. Thus, this study reveals the decisive role of women at the head of their own activity or alongside their husbands since they reconcile the work of the workshop or boutique, the children’s education and domestic tasks, without which the family business cannot exist. By discovering the daily lives of these women, we deconstruct the image of the wife assisting her husband in his profession while underlining the very real inequalities in gender relations.A total of 8 eight companies and ten sectors of activity were studied thanks to the multi-activity of families from Drôme and Bourbonnais. The fact that they go through the same stages in their careers—learning, settling in, choosing a spouse, developing work strategies, transferring knowledge—allows for a comparison to be made. The two main companies selected are the Bardet family, respectively a restaurant/café/hotel/ball/grocery shop/ironmongery near Moulins, which operated from 1896 to 1975, an the Thivolle family, respectively a joinery/funeral director/haberdashery/millinery 30 km north of Valence, between 1900 and 1968. In addition, there are six other families of Drome artisans and merchants who offer other activities such as hairdressing, mechanics and saddlery. This corpus allows the study of the family division of tasks between spouses, children and ascendants. This thesis is part of a broad line of study concerning not only professional equality but also the challenges of local rural trade. This is an economic and social study on gender relational issues, the life of small businesses and sociability in the village, which implements many research avenues: viability of activities, demographics of the workshops or boutiques that make a living from them, associations of artisans and merchants, combination of activities, multi-activity, flexibility of small businesses, systematic male inheritance, becoming of other children, etc. In addition, the disciplines (sociology, ethnology, geography, economics, history) are intertwined to allow the study of this population by integrating it into an economic and social framework.The results produced by this work show that the first artisan merchants of the families studied disengaged themselves from a previous peasant condition. They reveal certain aspects of the sectors of activity: grocery shops, haberdashery and cafés provide information on the evolution of the consumption habits of rural people in full change through the increase in the number of sedentary sales outlets in the commune, the farmers’ departure from self-sufficiency and the diversification of industrial products offered for sale. They reveal the extreme multi-activity of these families at the beginning of the century before a growing specialization in the organization of their work. They reveal the conditioning of the lives of these workers and their children through their business: their life course being defined by the requirements of work organization, economics, transfer of knowledge, etc. in order to ensure their sustainability. They reflect the strong involvement of artisanal traders in village life, and the role played by their professional activities in building village sociability. Finally, they provide information on the precarious position of women in this sector but also on the importance of their role induced by gender and economic constraints
O, brien Caitlin. "Effects of prenatal stress on sepia officinalis." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC249/document.
Full textPrenatal stress is a subject of growing ethological interest due to its effects on human health and animal welfare. This Ph.D. thesis utilizes the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, a convenient model in which developing offspring can be separated from their mothers to examine various potential sources of stress in experimental isolation. Several categories of stressors were applied to cuttlefish and cuttlefish eggs and the resulting offspring were tested in a range of physiological and behavioral tests. The goal was to determine if various types of prenatal stress affect cuttlefish, and if so, how these effects are transmitted. The data presented demonstrate that both stressors applied to reproducing females (maternal stress), as well as stressors applied directly to embryos (embryonic stress), affected post-natal behavior (including body patterning, brain lateralization, predation and activity patterns), learning, memory and/or neurobiology (including monoamine concentrations and turnover, the size of various brain lobes and cell division). The results highlight the presence of three pathways by which stress can exert effects: on the number of offspring produced by the female, transmission from the female to her offspring and directly on the offspring themselves. The experiments also demonstrated that a completely artificial stressor (bright light) affected a wider range of behaviors in offspring than a natural-occurring one (predator odor). Finally, the data showed that incubation and spawning environment can also affect offspring, and thus deserve attention in the formulation and interpretation of experiments with this species. These findings inform both welfare practices for cuttlefish and other cephalopods (e.g. reduce handling to maximize reproduction) as well as elucidating and reinforcing ethological principles that apply to animal stress in general (e.g. the transmission of stress effects from mother to offspring). Given the insight provided here and in numerous other studies, cuttlefish and other cephalopods should continue to serve as behavioral models in ethology and biology in general
Zemzemi, Nejib. "Étude théorique et numérique de l'activité électrique du cœur: Applications aux électrocardiogrammes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470375.
Full textHUNG, WEI-SHIANG, and 洪偉翔. "Design an Effective and Real Time Social Network for Realizing the Activity Environment of Expert-led Learning Group." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92561981680442592016.
Full text國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
100
Since rapid development of technology and the popularity of the mobile device, distance learning has become an important, such as JoinNet, Co-Life and FlyWorld, whose basic technologies in video, audio or multimedia materials are quite mature. However, when teachers use these online teaching systems for teaching the students, most of the time teachers teach and students listen, students interact with each other is very low. Study also concluded after the end of the online learning courses, unable to extend the learning. Therefore, these studies build the expert-led online meeting systems, grouped by theme, so that students can be discussed among the group or other groups to share their learning. In this study, the experts can be teacher or students who are good at this theme. The expert can create the online real-time meeting to conduct this meeting. The meeting members can fully express their thoughts. During the meeting, the teacher or student can take screenshot and post it as outcome to social networking sites for discussing. In addition, through the online real-time meeting, students can also use the social networking site for asynchronous learning. Students can discuss the picture of the online real-time meeting and continue the learning or post the subject of related knowledge. A small autonomous group can be group-discussing through the concept of community to enhance teachers’ leading ability to improve students’ learning efficiency.
Tessier, Virginie. "Étude exploratoire sur le travail en équipe d’étudiants dans l’atelier de design : vers un modèle d’évaluation pour l’apprentissage basé sur la théorie de l’activité et l’apprentissage expansif." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25512.
Full textThis thesis proposes an exploratory study on teamwork practices of design students in the context of project-based learning (in the domains of product and service design, interior design, urbanism, etc.). This study aims to develop a model of assessment for learning teamwork. For the past few decades, teamwork has been integrated within most design curricula. These social learning experiences place students in authentic situations, but recurring challenges keep emerging regarding their educational integration. We aim to enhance our understanding of assessment, which has a crucial influence on learning experiences. Based on a literature review on teamwork dynamics, the research is structured in two stages. Firstly, the research focuses on better understanding team learning experiences. Secondly, we seek to identify guidelines to enhance assessment for learning teamwork during design projects. Our research objectives are developed into the following questions: How do students experience their learning process when they work as a team while designing? And how to support the development of teamwork skills? Assessment for learning will guide us in considering assessment as a key aspect to engage learners in judging their performance. Assessment for learning values social externalization over internalization through the zones of development. This position guides toward a theoretical framework based on the activity theory and the theory of expansive learning. The combination of these frameworks offers a strong theoretical structure based on collectivity, mediation, and orientation toward an expansive object. Expansive learning sees learning as moving from an abstract understanding to concrete actions to improve the system’s initial state. The adoption of an interventionist approach, as proposed by activity theory, will redefine the researcher’s role to encourage participants to take action. The methodological strategy is organized around the team projects of 22 students from the Faculty of environmental design of University of Montreal (Canada). The data was collected from multiple case studies over few weeks of teamwork. It was gathered through weekly questionnaires and interviews. Using these complementary qualitative tools, participants shared their experiences by discussing their processes. A multiphase strategy allowed for simultaneous data collection and analysis. The first stage of analysis uncovers the characteristics of the learners’ lived teamwork experiences. In total, 33 characteristics and their respective factors were organized into the 5 categories of our model entitled: “zone of proximal development for teamwork skills”, structured according to training levels. The second part of the analysis concentrates on the theoretical validation of the model by enriching the model with the components to instruct and to assess (according to the stage of the object, types of knowledge, task qualities, learners’ capacities, and types of regulation). Finally, these guidelines are tested in regard to expansive learning by looking closely at the challenges and tensions experienced by the participants to translate each participant’s cognitive journey. This study seeks to contribute to the proposition of a coherent pedagogical framework in accordance with training levels and the basics of the discipline. Our model offers a pedagogical structure that is constructive and dynamic as it brings new knowledge to the student while being guided by an expansive structure towards collaborative design. The proposed framework is built on the reflective journey of students on themselves and others, solicited for greater autonomy. The contributions of this study are pertinent for design students, practitioners, and teachers. They seek an enhanced coherence with the discipline supported by an active perspective for better preparation of students to their future professional work environment.
Cloutier-Proulx, Marjolaine. "Prioriser l’apprentissage dans la gestion des établissements scolaires : une étude documentaire descriptive des dimensions du leadership centré sur l’apprentissage dans le fonctionnement et les activités d’écoles québécoises de milieux défavorisés." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22836.
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