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Books on the topic 'Activity of attack'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 May 2022
Last updated: 5 May 2022

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1

Brown, Kevin. Mass attack: A short novel. Peterborough: First & Best in Education, 1995.

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2

Shah, Alpa. Savage attack: Tribal insurgency in India. New Delhi: Social Science Press, 2014.

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3

Global economic crisis and attack on working class: A document containing thousands of facts, reasons, reports, statistics, analysis, inferences and solutions on global economic crisis. Kolkata: Breehi Prakashani & Sirs Publication, 2014.

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4

Streek, Barry. Right-wing attacks . Cape Town, South Africa: Barry Streek, 1989.

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5

Baryshnikov, Nikolay. Fundamentals of professional intercultural communication. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1391408.

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The textbook examines the fundamental problems of professional intercultural communication, outlines the main components of the professional competence of a specialist in intercultural communication, his personal qualities necessary for successful professional activity. The author's concept of attack strategies and self-defense strategies in the communicative battles of professionals is presented. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in the areas of training and specialties: 45.03.02 "Linguistics": profiles "Theory and practice of intercultural communication" and "Theory and methodology of teaching foreign languages and cultures"; 45.05.01 "Translation and translation studies"; 41.03.05 "International relations"; 41.06.01 "Political sciences and regional studies". It is also of interest to specialists in the field of intercultural communication.
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6

Lutherer, Lorenz Otto. Targeted: The anatomy of an animal rights attack. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.

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7

Simon, Yves René Marie. The Ethiopian campaign and French political thought. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2009.

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8

The Ethiopian campaign and French political thought. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2009.

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9

Simon, Yves René Marie. The Ethiopian campaign and French political thought. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2009.

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10

1943-, Gamble Michael, ed. Making sense of senselessness. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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11

Simon, Yves René Marie. The Ethiopian campaign and French political thought. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2009.

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12

Palermo, Carlo. Il quarto livello: 11 settembre 2001 ultimo atto? : dalla rete nera del crimine alla guerra santa di Osama bin Laden. Roma: Editori riuniti, 2002.

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Il quarto livello: Integralismo islamico, massoneria e mafia : dalla rete nera del crimine agli attentati al Papa nel nome di Fatima. Roma: Editori riuniti, 1996.

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14

Hoffman, Bruce. The victims of terrorism: An assessment of their influence and growing role in policy, legislation, and the private sector. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.

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15

M, Hersh Seymour. Chain of Command. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.

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16

M, Hersh Seymour. Chain of command: The road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.

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17

Hersh, Seymour M. Obediencia debida: Del 11 de septiembre a las torturas de Abu Ghraib. México, D.F: Aguilar, 2004.

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18

Publishing, Modern. Plan Of Attack (Duel Masters Ultimate 3-D Activity Books). Modern Pub, 2004.

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19

Attack of the Sky Pirates (LEGO Ninjago: Activity Book with Minifigure). Scholastic Inc., 2015.

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20

Dickerson, Andrew P. Is attack the best form of defence?: A competing risks analysis of acquisition activity in the UK. University of Kent at Canterbury, Department of Economics, 1999.

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21

Mokhiber, Russell, and Robert Weissman. Corporate Predators: The Hunt for Mega-Profits and the Attack on Democracy. Common Courage Press, 1999.

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22

Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 19-Year-Old Male with Stiffness and Weakness After Waking. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0026.

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The distinctive, but somewhat odd, development of intermittent “attacks” of weakness/stiffness define this disorder. Interview of the patient to determine the impact of diet (including timing, content and relationship of attack to fasting), activity, emotional stress, alcohol intake, cold exposure, time of day and physiologic perturbations (eg – electrolytes, infection, dehydration, etc) help to confirm and categorize the periodic paralysis. Periodic paralyses are most often associated with a genetic channelopathy. However, they can also occur as a result of a secondary causes including thyroid disturbance or distal renal tubular acidosis. The clinical picture, laboratory investigation, and treatment of this condition are presented.
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23

Buchanan, Ben. The Security Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665012.003.0002.

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This chapter traces the arc of the security dilemma through time. It begins with Thucydides and, stretching through the formal articulation with John Herz, Herbert Butterfield, and Robert Jervis, and continuing through the Cold War. It makes the link to intelligence work, a connection first made by Michael Herman. In particular, it shows how the security dilemma is most potent when there is a strong linkage between intelligence collection and attack, as is the case in cyber operations. This tight linkage makes collection activity more threatening, and is more likely to lead to a response by the involved nations.
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24

Kachun, Mitch. Crispus Attucks Meets Dorie Miller. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731619.003.0007.

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Interest in promoting Attucks as a national hero was redoubled as African Americans’ heroic participation in World War II once again presented opportunities to sharpen activists’ arguments for black inclusion and full citizenship rights. Even before the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor drew the United States fully into the new world war, African Americans expressed concern about the meaning the global crisis would hold for black citizens and soldiers. African Americans, growing numbers of sympathetic whites, and US government propagandists all used the era’s expanding mass media—books, periodicals, plays, pageants, radio broadcasts, film, visual arts, school programs, and more—in order to make Crispus Attucks and other black heroes visible in American public culture as never before. Yet mainstream attention to black history, as well as advances in African Americans’ ability to participate fully in American social and political life, were still slow in coming.
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25

Kello, Lucas. Cyber Defence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0039.

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Europe confronts an enormous cyber threat. The continent hosted the first international cyber crisis—the 2007 attacks by Russian political activists that crashed computer infrastructures in Estonia. Large European nations such as the UK and France focus their defensive efforts on proactive measures, which seek to neutralize threats before they materialize. Another tool of large powers is deterrence by punishment, an attempt to prevent hostile action with the pledge of severe reprisal. Smaller powers, by contrast, lack the resources necessary to implement proactive measures or deterrence. They focus instead on reactive methods such as resiliency and redundancy, which seek to absorb the damage of attack. They strive to prevent major cyberattacks by participating in regional organizations such as NATO. Whatever their differences in doctrinal approach, European nations small and large confront a common challenge: how to defeat a novel threat in the absence of conclusive experience on which to revise strategy.
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26

Lukaszewski, James E. Moving Out of the Target Zone : What to Do When Activists Attack. Lukaszewski Group, 1999.

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27

Rosenberg, Michael. Open Doors and Accused Brides. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.003.0007.

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The Babylonian Talmud introduces an entirely new standard for testing a woman’s virginity—a groom’s subjective experience of his bride as an “open door” rather than “locked.” This standard places even greater power in the hands of men, thus diminishing the safety of new brides. At the same time, it generates a discourse of male sexuality that discourages aggressive sexual activity—a revolution in sexual ideals. The chapter then studies the series of six stories that follow the legal pericope concerning the “open door.” These stories undercut the ability of men to make claims against brides’ virginity, as they create a sustained attack on the idea of objectivity, using the two kinds of virginity test developed in the legal pericope and the assumption that the “open door” test is more “subjective” than blood claims to undermine the perceived objectivity of all virginity testing.
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28

The Micro And Meso Levels Of Activism A Comparative Case Study Of Attac France And Attac Germany. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

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29

Fontana, Biancamaria. The Political Thought of Montaigne. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.10.

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Presenting Montaigne’s “political” thought is in itself a problematic exercise. While the Essays are relevant to our understanding of sixteenth-century political discourse, and to the broader reflection of political philosophy, Montaigne did not see politics as a separate domain of human activity; indeed, he questioned the possibility to predict with any degree of certainty, and to control individual and collective human behavior. In the Essays the author developed a full-scale critique of Old Regime society, a system built upon relations of personal dependence and servitude: his attack focused on contemporary social practices and on their founding principles: tradition, the law, royal authority, and religious dogma. Montaigne did not advocate the establishment of a new type of regime, as he was convinced that the form of political institutions was largely dependent on habit and custom. He did suggest the possibility of a new vision of community, one based upon greater equality, toleration, communication, and economic exchange.
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30

Contributor), Douglass College (Other, ed. Written Out: How Sexuality Is Used to Attack Women's Organizing. International Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Comm, 2005.

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31

Written Out : How Sexuality Is Used to Attack Women's Organizing. Center for Women's Global Leadership (CWGL), 2000.

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32

Williams, Sonja D. Remembering. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.003.0001.

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This chapter recounts Richard Durham's memorial service at Rayner's funeral home in his hometown Chicago. Durham died unexpectedly of a heart attack on April 27, 1984, during a business trip in New York City. Among those who paid tribute to the complicated family man, friend, and mentor—as well as the writer and dedicated freedom fighter—were Durham's thirty-four-year-old son, Mark; one of Mark's uncles, his mother's oldest brother, Robert Davis; Pulitzer Prize–winning author Louis Terkel; and Margaret Burroughs, the visual artist, writer, and co-founder of the South Side's Du Sable Museum of African American History. Others who spoke fondly of Durham were journalist Vernon Jarrett and activists Ishmael Flory and Edward “Buzz” Palmer; the singer, actor, and activist Oscar Brown Jr.; and Harold Washington, Chicago's first black mayor. The final speaker was Durham's brother Earl Durham.
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33

Hague, Gill. History and Memories of the Domestic Violence Movement. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447356325.001.0001.

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This book is a one-off history of the women’s domestic violence movement in the UK with some international and global content. It celebrates transformative women’s activism on violence against women from the 1960s on. Interviews with activists, practitioners and abuse survivors provide reflection on this inspiring movement of social change for women, shaped by a generation of pioneering activists. The book is illustrated with memories, anecdotes and memoir, and with poems celebrating women’s activism. It also reflects on the movement challenging rape and sexual violence. It presents an analysis of the radical early politics of the domestic violence refuges and Women’s Aid in terms of the empowerment of women, collective working and attempting to break down differences between women providing and using services. This particular history is almost lost from view and the book aims to recall and celebrate it. Further, it details the challenges of the Black women’s movement and the development of specialist services for Black, minority ethnic and refugee (BMER) women. Legal, strategy and policy developments are outlined. Also covered are cutbacks, the difficulties of seeking funding within competitive commissioning frameworks and attacks on the sector in recent years, disproportionately experienced by BMER projects. The discussions include attention to harmful practices like ‘honour’-based violence, FGM and forced marriage. The book also discusses international activism on domestic violence, the relevance of shelters/refuges across the world and trans-national women’s partnerships. It outlines the development of feminist research on violence against women. Projects, campaigns and key activists are honoured throughout.
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34

Lucander, David. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038624.003.0008.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the March on Washington Movement (MOWM). MOWM was arguably the most effective African American protest organization during the Second World War, and in some ways this period represented the zenith of A. Philip Randolph's power. By creating MOWM, Randolph gave local activists and organizers a platform on which they could fight against Jim Crow in innovative and sometimes powerful ways. This organization stands at a critical junction between the Roosevelt era and the years traditionally associated with the Civil Rights Movement, a chronological crossroads that makes it something of a generational interstice. Occupying this unique place in the chronology of twentieth-century campaigns by African Americans to attack Jim Crow segregation makes MOWM something of an anomaly. Its roots were firmly planted in Depression-era activism, but its branches spread through the next three decades and reached into the Civil Rights Movement.
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35

Simon, Margaret Sheffield, and Lorenz Otto Lutherer. Targeted: The Anatomy of an Animal Rights Attack. Univ of Oklahoma Pr, 1993.

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36

Gordon, Caroline, and David Isenberg, eds. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739180.001.0001.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic, autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body, causing the immune system to attack the body’s cells and tissue, and resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. It is characterized by the presence of autoreactive B and T cells and the production of a broad, heterogeneous group of autoantibodies (autoAb); the absence of a unique presentation makes its diagnosis difficult, even for qualified clinicians. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus focuses on providing a practical approach to the assessment and management of patients with this complex, multisystem, autoimmune disease, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and its complications. It provides detail on the history and epidemiology of SLE alongside comprehensive sections on clinical features, treatment, and special situations. As well as detailing the challenging management issues of SLE, this title provides an overview of the numerous investigations specific to the condition, assessment of disease activity, symptomatic treatment, patient education, and biologic therapies. A specific section on juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus also provides the practising clinician with the knowledge needed to manage this distinct and aggressive stage of SLE.
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37

Phillips, Lisa. Attacked from the Right and the Left. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037320.003.0005.

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This chapter analyzes the challenges Local 65 faced during the early years of the Cold War. Its position within the labor movement changed quickly once the Republican-dominated 80th Congress (1946–48) took office. By late 1948, the union had undergone an investigation by a subcommittee within the House of Representatives designed to root out Communist activity within the New York City distributive trades. Local 65 had broken away from the United Retail and Wholesale Employees of America (URWEA) and maintained an independent status with other “seceding” locals in New York City to form first the Distributive Trades Council (DTC), then the Distributive Workers Union (DWU). The chapter also examines Local 65's attempts to deal with the changing context that had brought it from occupying a central place in the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) to a marginal place outside of the increasingly anti-Communist labor movement.
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38

Domínguez, Virginia R., and Jane C. Desmond, eds. Manar Shorbagy on Edward Schatz. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0015.

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This essay is a response to Edward Schatz’s contribution in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It acknowledges ways that Schatz contributes to our understanding of anti-Americanism, especially in relationship to Islamist activism, but it also seeks to put the relationship between anti-Americanism and Islamist activism in a broader context. It argues that the goal of combatting all different forms of “Islamic activism” in places like the Middle East is at once counter-productive and futile, in that it stimulates both anti-Americanism and Islamic activism. It suggests that a better goal for the U.S. would be to respect the phenomenon and learn how to differentiate between violent and nonviolent elements in the broader transnational Islamic movement. U.S. policy since September 11, 2001, has, it argues, largely failed because it has focused on initiatives showcasing American “values” when “American values” themselves are not under attack, but specific U.S. policies do generate deep resentment in the region.
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39

Mueller, Milton. Internet Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.245.

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The internet is a set of software instructions (known as “protocols”) capable of transmitting data over networks. These protocols were designed to facilitate the movement of data across independently managed networks and different physical media, and not to survive a nuclear war as the popular myth suggests. The use of the internet protocols gives rise to technical, legal, regulatory, and policy problems that become the main concern of internet governance. Because the internet is a key component of the infrastructure for a growing digital economy, internet governance has turned into an increasingly high-stakes arena for political activity. The world’s convergence on the internet protocols for computer communications, coupled with the proliferation of a variety of increasingly inexpensive digital devices that can be networked, has created a new set of geopolitical issues around information and communication technologies. These problems are intertwined with a broader set of public policy issues such as freedom of expression, privacy, transnational crime, the security of states and critical infrastructure, intellectual property, trade, and economic regulation. Political scientists and International Relations scholars have been slow to attack these problems, in part due to the difficulty of recognizing governance issues when they are embedded in a highly technological context. Internet governance is closely related to, and has evolved out of, debates over digital convergence, telecommunications policy, and media regulation.
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40

Miller, Shae. Sexuality, Gender Identity, Fluidity, and Embodiment. Edited by Holly J. McCammon, Verta Taylor, Jo Reger, and Rachel L. Einwohner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190204204.013.13.

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Social movement activists have frequently used a variety of embodied tactics to negotiate cultural conceptions of gender and sexuality, which are in constant flux. This chapter attends to the ways that new social formations of gender and sexuality—including the recent emphases on gender and sexual fluidity—have impacted the politics, goals, tactics, and identities of contemporary women’s movements. Incorporating queer, transgender, critical race, and disability studies, this chapter emphasizes the ways that women seeking to attain gender and sexual justice have used the body both as a site of everyday resistance against repressive gender and sexual norms and as a tool for performing overt political protests. It illustrates how gender and sexual fluidity have gained new traction within social movements and discusses the implications for conceptualizing women’s activism.
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41

Coyle, Patricia K. Immune-mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0010.

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This chapter reviews pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) syndrome. MS is a major acquired disease of young adults, with a rising female predominance. MS has no direct negative consequences on fertility or pregnancy. Pregnancy has a profound effect on MS, with decrease in disease activity during the last trimester counteracted by a three-month postpartum increase in disease activity. With the development of disease-modifying therapies, important questions arise about washout periods, the feasibility and risks of treating during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the potential of treatment-related adverse fetal effects. Fortunately, there is good information to counsel women with MS. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a neuroimmune channelopathy. It is a distinct disorder from MS. NMOSD disease activity is not favorably affected by pregnancy. The postpartum period has real risk for disabling attacks. This influences recommendations about breastfeeding and how quickly to resume therapy postpartum. Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) syndrome can occur in both MS and NMOSD but can also be due to other disorders. Workup and treatment of ATM during pregnancy is reviewed, as well as implications for delivery.
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42

Kerrissey, Jasmine, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich, and Dan Clawson, eds. Labor in the Time of Trump. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746598.001.0001.

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This book critically analyzes the right-wing attack on workers and unions in the United States and offers strategies to build a working-class movement. While President Trump's election in 2016 may have been a wakeup call for labor and the left, the underlying processes behind this shift to the right have been building for at least forty years. The book shows that only by analyzing the vulnerabilities in the right-wing strategy can the labor movement develop an effective response. The chapters examine the conservative upsurge, explore key challenges the labor movement faces today, and draw lessons from recent activist successes.
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43

John, Virgo. Part VIII Financial Services and Solicitors, 24 Financial Services and Solicitors. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705956.003.0024.

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A variety of professional firms, including accountants and actuaries, offer investment advice and conduct investment business in the course of trading. This can attract an authorization requirement under the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. This chapter focuses on solicitor firms. It describes the regime as it applies to solicitor firms, both as regulated historically and in relation to such firms carrying on mainstream investment business activity after 1 December 2001.
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44

Richemond-Barak, Daphné. Underground Warfare in Urban Areas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457242.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses on the application of the law of armed conflict to “urban” tunnels, that is, tunnels dug near, by, or against civilians. It examines the legal ramifications of urban tunnels for anti-tunnel operations and the protection of civilians in war. It suggests some answers, with a view to reconciling the rule of law with operational constraints. It also analyzes the status of civilians who help dig tunnels or find themselves inside a tunnel at the time of a strike. Finally, it considers the situation in which preexisting underground civilian infrastructure, such as subways or sewage systems, are used to launch attacks or carry out other types of hostile activity.
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45

Devlin, Hugh, and Rebecca Craven. The respiratory system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759782.003.0008.

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The respiratory system in relation to dentistry is the topic of this chapter. Gaseous exchange in the lungs is mainly controlled by central chemoreceptors sensing a change in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. These receptors then activate a respiratory response which returns the blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH to normal. Localized airway obstruction, obstructive sleep apnoea, and lung disease can cause hypoxaemia (a low arterial oxygen oncentration) and hypercapnia (a raised carbon dioxide concentration in the blood). We emphasize the specific dental issues in patients with asthma, i.e. the dry mouth when taking β‎‎2-adrenergic agonists and the management of an acute asthmatic attack. Specific points of relevance to the dentist are summarized in sections throughout the chapter.
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46

Kachun, Mitch. Crispus Attucks Meets the New Negro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731619.003.0006.

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During the era of the “New Negro” after World War I, African Americans intensified their attention to Attucks and other race heroes as they made more overt efforts to incorporate African American achievements into the national historical narrative. The decades after 1920 saw an expansion of both textual and nontextual attention to black history as well as increasing complaints from black commentators about the exclusion of that history from school curricula and public life. While mainstream textbooks failed to incorporate Attucks or African Americans in general, black authors attempting to replace or supplement the white narrative apparently were frustrated by how little was actually known about Attucks. Black activism and black attention to heroes of the race intensified as World War II approached.
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47

Frenkel, Joost, and Hans R. Waterham. Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0039.

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Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of isoprenoid biosynthesis, a pathway yielding sterols and nonsterol isoprenoids.In patients, the enzyme activity of mevalonate kinase is severely reduced due to mutations in the encoding gene, MVK. The substrate, mevalonate, accumulates and is elevated in blood and urine. Shortage of certain downstream products of the pathway, nonsterol isoprenoids, leads to dysregulation of the innate immune system, activation of inflammasomes, and interleukin (IL)-1 mediated inflammation.Symptoms start in early childhood with recurrent attacks of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, sore throat, abdominal pain, arthralgias, painful lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, skin rash, and mucosal ulcers. Severely affected patients have additional symptoms, such as intellectual impairment, progressive cerebellar ataxia, and tapetoretinal degeneration. Complications include intestinal obstruction, AA-amyloidosis, hemophagocytosis, and severe infection.Management of MKD is directed at controlling inflammation.
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48

Castledine, Jacqueline. “Battleships, Atom Bombs, and Lynch Ropes”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037269.003.0005.

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This chapter explores how the founding of the Progressive Party (PP) in 1948 was a significant milestone in the lives of Eslanda Goode Robeson, Shirley Graham, and Charlotta Bass, helping to mark their evolution from social activists to public intellectuals. Their success in uniting race and gender emancipation ideologies and connecting them to world peace with the support of mixed-sex, racially integrated organizations complicates critiques that nationalist movements have historically discouraged women's attempts to address feminist concerns. Furthermore, the work of these women in the PP, and in organizations like the Council on African Affairs (CAA) and the Sojourners for Truth and Justice, demonstrates a comprehensive strategy to operate within both political and social movements in an attack against the dehumanizing effects of white supremacy and for the promise of global peace.
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49

Sobieraj, Sarah. Credible Threat. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089283.001.0001.

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This book argues that the rampant hate-filled attacks against women online are best understood as patterned resistance to women’s political voice and visibility. This abuse and harassment coalesces into an often-unrecognized form of gender inequality that constrains women’s use of digital public spaces, much as the pervasive threat of sexual intimidation and violence constrain women’s freedom and comfort in physical public spaces. What’s more, the abuse exacerbates inequality among women, those from racial, ethnic, religious, and/or other minority groups, are disproportionately targeted. Drawing on in-depth interviews with women who have been on the receiving end of digital hate, Credible Threat shows that the onslaught of epithets and stereotypes, rape threats, and unsolicited commentary about their physical appearance and sexual desirability come at great professional, personal, and psychological costs for the women targeted—and also with underexplored societal level costs that demand attention. When effective, identity-based attacks undermine women’s contributions to public discourse, create a climate of self-censorship, and at times, push women out of digital publics altogether. Given the uneven distribution of toxicity, those women whose voices are already most underrepresented (e.g., women in male-dominated fields, those from historically undervalued groups) are particularly at risk. In the end, identity-based attacks online erode civil liberties, diminish public discourse, limit the knowledge we have to inform policy and electoral decision making, and teach all women that activism and public service are unappealing, high-risk endeavors to be avoided.
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50

Löwe, Can Laurens. Aristotle and John Buridan on the Individuation of Causal Powers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827030.003.0007.

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Abstract:
This paper examines Aristotle’s account of the individuation of causal powers, which dominated much of scholastic thought about powers, and argues that John Buridan rejected it. It contends that Buridan criticizes Aristotle’s account on two counts. First, he attacks Aristotle’s view that we ought to individuate powers by appeal to their respective activities. Second, Buridan objects to Aristotle’s “single-track” account, which correlates one type of power with only one type of activity. Against this, it is argued, Buridan adopts a multi-track approach, according to which a single power type may be correlated with many different types of activities. The paper claims that the basic idea of Buridan’s multi-track view is still defensible today, and can be viewed as a viable alternative to the contemporary single-track account of power individuation defended, for instance, by Jonathan Lowe.
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