Academic literature on the topic 'Actors – United States – Biography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Actors – United States – Biography"
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Guerini, Andréia, Antonia de Jesus Sales, and Odile Cisneros. "Clarice Lispector’s translators in the United States." Revista Brasileira de Literatura Comparada 24, no. 47 (2022): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2596-304x20222447agajsoc.
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ABSTRACT Clarice Lispector’s entry as an author into the United States happens at different moments, beginning in the 1950s, with the translation of several short stories, carried out among others by Elizabeth Bishop, culminating with a biography of the author written in English by Benjamin Moser in 2009, and a little later, with the publication of the short stories and other pieces, in the emblematic edition entitled The Complete Stories, in 2015, edited by Benjamin Moser and translated by Katrina Dodson. These publications put the translators in the spotlight, as they were responsible for renewing Clarice’s presence on American soil. This paper aims to research the translators of Clarice Lispector’s works in the English-speaking cultural system, considering only the American context. The aim is to highlight these professional figures who contributed to the dissemination of this important Brazilian writer abroad, analyze their profile, and also examine their presence and imprint on some of the translations performed, such as prefaces, postscripts, notes, etc., assessing the degree of visibility and invisibility (Venuti 2021). By considering the relevance of translators as social actors/dialogical bodies (Robinson, 1991, 2012) and as “translating subjects” (Berman, 1995) and the fact that English translations of Clarice’s works have influenced and stimulated the circulation of this author in other literary systems, by examining the biobibliographical profile, verifying its presence or not in the paratexts (Genette, 2009/Batchelor, 2018) of Clarice Lispector’s English-language translators and their translation position, as well as their project and horizon (Berman, 1995), we gain an understanding of the translation policies of a given cultural polysystem.
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Hughes, Richard. "Gates, Jr And Higginbotham, Eds., Harlem Renaissance Lives - From African American National Biography." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 34, no. 2 (2009): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.34.2.110-111.
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With hundreds of accessible entries on the lives of African Americans directly or indirectly associated with this period, Harlem Renaissance Lives is an ambitious effort to highlight, and sometimes uncover, the role of African Americans in shaping the United States in the twentieth century. While the entries are brief, the book's strength is its breadth with portraits of not only writers, artists, actors, and musicians but also educators, civil rights and labor activists, entrepreneurs, athletes, clergy, and aviators. Students of history will find familiar figures of the period such as Langston Hughes, Josephine Baker, Duke Ellington, Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. However, the real value of the work is in highlighting, however briefly, the lives of hundreds of lesser-known African Americans. Some figures, such as educator Roscoe Bruce, the son of a U.S. Senator, grew up relatively privileged, but many of the biographies involve African-Americans whose unlikely contributions begin with a background that included slavery and sharecropping. Regardless, each entry includes a valuable bibliography and information about relevant primary sources such as an obituary and archival collections.
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Shcherbinina, Olga I. "LILLIAN HELLMAN AND THE SOVIET THEATER." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 2 (2021): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-2-132-141.
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The article examines the contacts of the American playwright Lillian Hellman with the Soviet theatrical world. It focuses on Soviet productions of her plays, recollections of actors involved in those productions, critics’ reviews of the premieres. Hellman’s more than 20-year career in the USSR helps to trace back the changes of Soviet cultural and ideological agenda. Acting as a cultural emissary during the Second World War, Hellman visited Moscow where she was greeted as a dear guest, and her plays were staged by two largest Moscow theaters. With the beginning of the Cold War, her dramas The Little Foxes and Watch on the Rhine disappeared from the repertoire. Surprisingly, Hellman’s play with a conspicuously Western title Ladies and Gentlemen circumvented theatrical censorship amid an anti-American propaganda campaign, although the production received negative reviews from magazine critics. In the 1960s Hellman returns to Moscow again, where she meets Raisa Orlova and Lev Kopelev. Cultural and political landscape of that period was deeply influenced by struggles of the dissident movement, which Hellman deeply sympathized with. She considered Kopelev and Orlova to be people of remarkable courage and integrity since they refused to leave their native Russia despite the risk of being imprisoned and persecuted. That is why the case of Anatoly Kuznetsov who fled to the UK from the USSR infuriated Hellman who publicly disapproved his decision to flee. Hellman wrote and spoke about dissidents back at home in the United States, and she continued to correspond with Orlova almost until her death in 1984. Thus, Hellman’s creative biography represents the trajectory of defecting from the ranks of Soviet sympathizers: starting her career as a pro-Stalinist, she subsequently refused to support Soviet socialism.
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Lau, Doretta, and Jim Wong-Chu. "Simon Johnston: Two Cultures, One Vision." Canadian Theatre Review 110 (March 2002): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.110.008.
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“If you know two languages, then you have two truths because you have two ways of saying the same thing,” says Gateway Theatre’s Artistic Producer and General Manager Simon Johnston late in the interview. This astute point becomes more pertinent upon closer examination of Johnston’s personal experience and character. Johnston’s abridged biographical notes span a page; his career is long and storied. In addition to the theatre, where he has served as actor, director, playwright, producer and artistic director, he has taught at the University of Toronto, York University, Ryerson University, Sheridan College, Dalhousie University and the University of Waterloo. As well, he has written for CBC Television, CBC Radio, History Television and Vision TV. He estimates that he has directed 150 or 160 professional productions across Canada. Between dramatic projects, he completed a novel, Lion Dance (which he describes as “an early and very angry attempt at writing”), and a children’s book, A Song For Harmonica. He has written fourteen plays for stage and radio. As he puts it, the “Reader’s Digest” version of his biography is first and foremost a journey, chronicling the movement from his birthplace, Hong Kong, to Canada, down to the United States, back through Canada, with a return trip to Hong Kong before settling in Richmond, British Columbia, to helm the Gateway Theatre. It is a job that he refers to as “the best artistic director job in the country” because it allows him the freedom to explore issues relevant to himself and the surrounding community.
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Prendergast, A. "Scientific Biography in the United States." Choice Reviews Online 46, no. 02 (2008): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.46.02.227.
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Lookingbill, Brad. "Weisner And Hartford, Eds., American Portraits - Biographies In United States History." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 23, no. 2 (1998): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.23.1.92-94.
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Teaching historians often assign biography to supplement reading lists for the introductory survey classroom, even though selecting which life to share might be a difficult process. Biography represents a unique form of history and literature, inviting a reader to come to terms with the significance of human agency. Indeed, a biography possesses the potential to reveal how a particular person influenced and was influenced by broader historical forces.
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Phillips, Carla Rahn, and William D. Phillips. "Christopher Columbus in United States Historiography: Biography as Projection." History Teacher 25, no. 2 (1992): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/494269.
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Barilleaux, Ryan J. "Gonzo biography." Review of Politics 68, no. 2 (2006): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670506280136.
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The single organizing fact of the Cold War was “the bomb.” In our present age of unipolarity, globalization, and the clash of civilizations, it is useful to remember that our current complexities exist only because the previous age of stark simplicity has passed into history. The decades from the end of World War II until the fall of Communism were years shaped by a nuclear standoff. The threat of nuclear conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union framed the politics and culture of the age. This framing was especially apparent in the 1950s and 1960s, before arms-control agreements lent an air of manageability to nuclear politics.
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Edward Beauchamp. "Education and Biography in the Contemporary United States: An Introduction." Biography 13, no. 1 (1990): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2010.0381.
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Berlin, Robert H. "United States Army World War II Corps Commanders: A Composite Biography." Journal of Military History 53, no. 2 (1989): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985746.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Actors – United States – Biography"
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Prenter, Tracey. "A psychobiographical study of Charlize Theron." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020843.
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Psychobiographers study the lives of extraordinary, prominent, and enigmatic individuals. Psychobiographical research advances our insight into the uniqueness and complexity of the human personality and therefore makes a substantial contribution towards one of the major objectives of the field of psychology. Purposive sampling was employed to select Charlize Theron as the subject of this psychobiographical study. As the only South African who has won an Oscar, Theron is an exceptional individual who demonstrates tenacity and a will to succeed despite significant traumatic events in her childhood. The case study data was organised and analysed according to the general analytic approach developed by Huberman and Miles (2002) and one of Alexander’s (1990) strategies, namely questioning the data. Erikson’s psychosocial theory (1950, 1963, 1995) was selected to guide this study because it recognises the impact of socio-cultural influences on developmental processes and provides a comprehensive, staged framework for studying Theron’s personality development. This study contributes to the development of psychobiographical research in South Africa.
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Lenk, Erika 1978. "Carlitos : história de vida e obra de Chales Chaplin." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250941.
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Orientador: Ana Angélica Medeiros Albano<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:09:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Lenk_Erika_M.pdf: 1109074 bytes, checksum: c0b843e8e4bfece1b0e1a378606a9bc5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: Esta dissertação percorre a trajetória de vida do célebre ator e cineasta inglês Charles Spencer Chaplin (1889-1977), o imaginativo criador de Carlitos, cuja graça e lirismo marcaram fortemente a arte do século XX. Sua obra ridiculariza os padrões culturais da sociedade estabelecida através das aventuras do Tramp, o errante marginalizado que permanece vivo no cenário cultural atual. Este estudo busca uma relação entre a vida e arte de Chaplin, identificando fatores que contribuíram para seu desenvolvimento artístico e seu conhecimento em arte.<br>Abstract: This dissertation contains the life story of the famous actor and English filmmaker Charles Spencer Chaplin (1889-1977), the imaginative creator of the Tramp, whose grace and lyricism left his impression on the twentieth (20th) century. His work satirizes the cultural patterns of the established society through the adventures of the Tramp, the marginalized vagabond that remains alive in the recent cultural scenario. This study searches the connection between Chaplin's life and art, identifying factors that contributed to his artistic development and his knowledge in art.<br>Mestrado<br>Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte<br>Mestre em Educação
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Harris, Matthew L. Sharp James Roger. "'Experience must be our guide' John Dickinson and the origins of American federalism, 1754 - 1808 /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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LaFantasie, Glenn Warren. "William C. Oates : a biography /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174631.
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Hubbs, Holly J. "American women saxophonists from 1870-1930 : their careers and repertoire." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1259304.
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The late nineteenth century was a time of great change for women's roles in music. Whereas in 1870, women played primarily harp or piano, by 1900 there were all-woman orchestras. During the late nineteenth century, women began to perform on instruments that were not standard for them, such as cornet, trombone, and saxophone. The achievements of early female saxophonists scarcely have been mentioned in accounts of saxophone history. This study gathers scattered and previously unpublished information about the careers and repertoire of American female saxophonists from 1870-1930 into one reference source.The introduction presents a brief background on women's place in music around 1900 and explains the study's organization. Chapter two presents material on saxophone history and provides an introduction to the Chautauqua, lyceum, and vaudeville circuits. Chapter three contains biographical entries for forty-four women saxophonists from 1870-1930. Then follows in Chapter four a discussion of the saxophonists' repertoire. Parlor, religious, and minstrel songs are examined, as are waltz, fox-trot, and ragtime pieces. Discussion of music of a more "classical" nature concludes this section. Two appendixes are included--the first, a complete alphabetical list of the names of early female saxophonists and the ensembles with which they played; the second, an alphabetical list of representative pieces played by the women.The results of this study indicate that a significant number of women became successful professional saxophonists between 1870-1930. Many were famous on a local level, and some toured extensively while performing on Chautauqua, lyceum, and vaudeville circuits. Some ended their performing careers after becoming wives and mothers, but some continued to perform with all-woman swing bands during the 1930s and 40s.The musical repertoire played by women saxophonists from 1870-1930 reflects the dichotomy of cultivated and vernacular music. Some acts chose to use popular music as a drawing card by performing ragtime, fox-trot, waltz, and other dance styles. Other acts presented music from the more cultivated classical tradition, such as opera transcriptions or original French works for saxophone (by composers such as Claude Debussy). Most women, however, performed a mixture of light classics, along with crowd-pleasing popular songs.<br>School of Music
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DuBay, Susan Adams. "John Humphrey Noyes, 1811-1840 : a social biography." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3568.
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John Humphrey Noyes was the founder of the Oneida Community, one of the most successful utopian ventures in nineteenth-century America. Early in his life, Noyes was a deep religious thinker, but he founded Oneida as an ideal society based on extending the family unit, and not as a church. Noyes's social theories eventually overwhelmed his former religious concentration.
The purpose of this thesis is to locate in Noyes's religiously-oriented youth the sources of his social interests. Few scholars have studied in depth the childhood and young manhood of John Humphrey Noyes, but that is where the roots of his social theories are to be found. Noyes did write his religious autobiography, but completely passed over his formative years. Further, he never wrote the analysis of his social ideas and experiences that he had once promised. However, many of his early letters and journals have been compiled and edited by his relatives; and his immediate family left reminiscences of his youth. These works provide most of the available information on the childhood of Noyes. Large gaps in his history do exist, however. Therefore, the modern psychological theories of Erik Erikson are used to illuminate the otherwise shadowy areas of Noyes's early life.
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Graff, Frank Warren. "Strategy of involvement a diplomatic biography of Sumner Welles /." New York : Garland, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17807643.html.
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Meyer, Nancy Jean. "Vance Hartke : a political biography." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/530361.
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The focus of this dissertation is the political career of R. Vance Hartke, Democratic Senator from Indiana 1958-1976. The areas of emphasis include Hartke's role in the creation of the Veterans' Affairs Committee of the Senate and his chairmanship of the Committee, several of the controversies of his career, and his political style and philosophy.Books and articles written by Hartke were used extensively as were various newspapers and the Conqressional Record. Information was also obtained from interviews with Hartke and Frank Brizzi, who was staff director of the Veterans' Affairs Committee during Hartke's term as chairman.That Hartke philosophically was a liberal and politically was a risk-taker are among the conclusions reached in this study. Hartke's strongest asset in winning election to the Senate three times in a relatively conservative state was an energetic and personalized political style. Despite the controversies which surrounded Hartke and some apparent conflicts of interest," there is no evidence he committed illegal or unethical acts. Hartke used his power as chairman of the Veterans' Affairs Committee of the Senate to infuse his liberal ideology into public policy for American veterans. Furthermore, he expanded veterans' benefits during his tenure.<br>Department of Political Science
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Erskine, Kristopher Charles. "Frank W.Price, 1895-1974 : the role of an American missionary in Sino-U.S. relation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206668.
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This dissertation is a biography of American missionary Frank W. Price, friend and advisor to Madame and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, and KMT official for two decades. Price was closer to Chiang than any other American, yet no one has attempted to unravel his role within Chiang’s government or his impact on Sino-U.S. relations. This dissertation makes that attempt, giving special attention to the years between 1937 and 1947, during which Price was most involved with Chiang and the KMT.
Groundbreaking research was undertaken in Taiwan, the United States, and China. New archives and family collections were used, and recently declassified documents were accessed in the United States through the Freedom of Information Act. Chiang’s diaries were utilized and interviews conducted with at least twenty individuals in China, the United States, and Taiwan, most of whom either knew Frank Price or whose parents or spouse worked with him. These interviews include Price’s son and niece.
In the final analysis evidence will reveal that though his ultimate policy impact was minimal, missionary Frank Price was a valued member of Chiang’s political inner circle, acting, for more than a decade, as a diplomatic backchannel between Chiang Kai-shek and President Roosevelt’s administration. The dissertation demonstrates that unconventional actors – missionaries specifically – may have been more involved in Sino-U.S. relations during China’s Nationalist period, particularly during the Second Sino-Japanese War, than has been previously supposed. It will also be asserted that Price’s role in the China Lobby indicts the KMT for secretly exerting influence on that lobby as early as 1938.<br>published_or_final_version<br>History<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Armontrout, David Eugene. "John F. Kennedy : a political biography on education." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4259.
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In what is historically a brief number of years, the life and times of John F. Kennedy have taken on legendary proportions. His presidency began with something less than a mandate from the American people, but he brought to the White House an inspiration and a style that offered great promises of things to come.
Books on the topic "Actors – United States – Biography"
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Fields, Armond. Lillian Russell: A biography of "America's Beauty". McFarland, 1999.
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Kennedy, Matthew. Marie Dressler: A biography : with a listing of major stage performances, a filmography, and a discography. McFarland & Co., 1999.
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Stoller, Fred. Maybe we'll have you back: The life of a perennial TV guest star. Skyhorse Publishing, 2013.
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Stein, Lisa K. Syd Chaplin: A Biography. McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Actors – United States – Biography"
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Abrams, Jesse. "Author biography." In Forest Policy and Governance in the United States. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003043669-15.
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Wendler, Eugen. "Overview of List’s Biography and Economic Theory." In Friedrich List’s Exile in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23642-1_1.
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Bayandor, Darioush. "Actors, Strategies and Structures." In The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4_8.
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Lowther, Adam B. "How Can the United States Deter Nonstate Actors?" In Deterrence. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137289810_9.
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Fiorito, Luca, and Sebastiano Nerozzi. "Chicago Economics in the Making, 1926–1940: A Further Look at United States Interwar Pluralism." In Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95219-2_11.
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Alvarado, Paulo. "Women's Auto/biography in the Mexico-United States Borderscape, 1942–1968." In The Routledge Handbook of Latinx Life Writing. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273141-10.
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Hornuf, Lars, Sonja Mangold, and Yayun Yang. "Data Protection Law in Germany, the United States, and China." In Data Privacy and Crowdsourcing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32064-4_3.
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AbstractThis chapter examines data protection laws in Germany, the United States, and China. We describe the most important legal sources and principles of data protection and emphasize the rights of data subjects, with particular attention to personal and sensitive data. The legal frameworks for data protection on crowdsourcing platforms in the three countries show significant differences, but also some similarities. In the United States no federal omnibus regulation on the protection of personal data exists so far. The state of California recently enacted a consumer protection law similar to the GDPR. China started developing its privacy legislation after Germany and the United States, in some parts again similar to the GDPR. A characteristic of the Chinese approach is the different protection regime of personal rights with respect to private actors and to the state government. While privacy rights have expanded in the private sector, threats to privacy posed by state actors have received little attention in Chinese jurisprudence.
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Ergun, Doruk. "External Actors and VNSAs: An Analysis of the United States, Russia, ISIS, and PYD/YPG." In Violent Non-state Actors and the Syrian Civil War. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67528-2_8.
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Accaoui Lorfing, Pascale. "Screening of Foreign Direct Investment and the States’ Security Interests in Light of the OECD, UNCTAD and Other International Guidelines." In Public Actors in International Investment Law. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_10.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses the concept of the “national security interest”, which is widely recognised as allowing a state to determine which areas of its economy are restricted or prohibited to foreign investors. This chapter seeks to identify what constitutes a threat for a state and how that threat is managed both domestically and internationally. Despite the recognition of a state’s right to take measures it considers essential to its security, there are limits. The rules established by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and other international instruments are non-binding but can serve as a guide for states in determining the limits of the national security approach. International investment agreements can restrict the right of states to take security-related measures. Finally, customary international law, in light of the good faith obligation, can serve as a basis for assessing measures taken by a state and pave the way for a better balance between the rights of a state and those of foreign investors.
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Markedonov, Sergey. "The Cold War Legacy in Nagorno-Karabakh: Visions from Russia, the United States and Regional Actors." In Europe’s Next Avoidable War. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137030009_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Actors – United States – Biography"
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Toprak, Nuri Gökhan. "From Embargo to Blockade: An Evaluation of the United States Sanctions against Iran in the Context of the Use of Economic Impact Tools in Foreign Poli." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02219.
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The concept of influence can be defined as a tool of international actors, a form of power, the ability to overcome obstacles in order to achieve different purposes or the desired result in the process of power relations established between actors in international politics. According to the approach that aims to reach the concept of influence as the desired result, in the process of setting up influence states try to influence each other through different methods and tools in which can be used through states’ own capacities. In addition to political and military tools, economic impact tools related to the field of foreign trade and finance are frequently used today. Economic impact tools, such as external aid, which may be positive or rewarding, may also be negative or punitive in a range from the boycott to the blockade. The study aims to provide a qualitative assessment of the United States' (US) economic sanctions against Iran in the context of the use of economic impact tools in international politics. In order to achieve this aim, 12 executive orders issued by the US on the grounds that Iran poses a threat to its national security, foreign policy and economy will be examined. In the conclusion of the study, the assumption that the US sanctions against Iran almost for 40 years has become a multilateral structure such as commercial and financial blockade from a structure related to bilateral relations such as boycott and embargo will be tested.
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Nieves-Zárate, Margarita. "Ten Years After the Deepwater Horizon Accident: Regulatory Reforms and the Implementation of Safety and Environmental Management Systems in the United States." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204056-ms.
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Abstract The Deepwater Horizon accident is one of the major environmental disasters in the history of the United States. This accident occurred in 2010, when the Deepwater Horizon mobile offshore drilling unit exploded, while the rig's crew was conducting the drilling work of the exploratory well Macondo deep under the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Environmental damages included more than four million barrels of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico, and economic losses total tens of billions of dollars. The accident brought into question the effectiveness of the regulatory regime for preventing accidents, and protecting the marine environment from oil and gas operations, and prompted regulatory reforms. Ten years after the Deepwater Horizon accident, this article analyzes the implementation of Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) as one of the main regulatory reforms introduced in the United States after the accident. The analysis uses the theory of regulation which takes into account both state and non-state actors involved in regulation, and therefore, the shift from regulation to governance. The study includes regulations issued after the Deepwater Horizon accident, particularly, SEMS rules I and II, and reports conducted by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Commission on the BP Oil Spill, the Center for Offshore Safety, the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). The article reveals that though offshore oil and gas operators in the U.S. federal waters have adopted SEMS, as a mechanism of self-regulation, there is not clarity on how SEMS have been implemented in practice towards achieving its goal of reducing risks. The BSEE, as the public regulator has the task of providing a complete analysis on the results of the three audits to SEMS conducted by the operators and third parties from 2013 to 2019. This article argues that the assessment of SEMS audits should be complemented with leading and lagging indicators in the industry in order to identify how SEMS have influenced safety behavior beyond regulatory compliance. BSEE has the challenge of providing this assessment and making transparency a cornerstone of SEMS regulations. In this way, the lessons of the DHW accident may be internalized by all actors in the offshore oil and gas industry.
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Kovács, Eszter. "Transoceanic trade triangle of the US-EU-China." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.5.
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As part of global trade, the emergence of free trade agreements has resulted in the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers over the past seventy years. The major trade actors (European Union, United States, and China) have become economic rivals, which make them compete in confrontational or cooperative ways for greater benefits and welfare. This paper discusses three free trade agreements between the US‒EU‒China: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), and the Economic And Trade Agreement Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The Government Of The People’s Republic Of China (ETA). The author’s contribution is the creation of alternative scenarios to analyse the effects of these treaties on profit from a game theoretical approach. The results of this model suggest that cooperation generates greater economic benefits in each situation compared to competitive strategy. At the same time, players’ welfare cannot be identified with profit in all cases.
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Drake, Ryan, and Evan Ridder. "Healthcare Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities." In International Conference on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime. Romanian Association for Information Security Assurance, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19107/cybercon.2022.06.
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The healthcare industry sector is often considered a soft target for malicious actors. Having a large attack surface coupled with a focus directed toward patient care rather than security, often health organizations haven’t taken the necessary precautions to secure patient data or access to medical devices within their infrastructures. As the severity and the associated costs of cyber-attacks on entities within healthcare organizations continue to escalate, an increased effort within this industry to mitigate the risks associated with these vulnerabilities is necessary. This study seeks to present the most common types of healthcare attacks and their mitigation methodologies. Additionally, a discussion of how compliance with the GDPR in the European Union and the HIPPA regulation in the United States can positively affect a healthcare organization’s defensive posture.
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Baridam, Barilee. "The Task of Making Open, Distance and e-Learning Attractive." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.6148.
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Open, distance learning (ODL) has been with us over the years; however, very few accepted it until the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It seems like COVID-19 was an ODL messenger sent to convince the world of the need to imbibe the distance learning pedagogy. During the pandemic, schools which hitherto had no formulated policy on distance learning had to imbibe the distance learning pedagogy to sustain their academic curricula. To sustain the drive, policy making bodies on education must formulate policies that will enshrine the use of distance learning in the education system. To build a resilient education system demands a deliberate effort by actors and stakeholders in the education sector viewing ODL as a tool to fast-track the learning process. Two studies were conducted within the period of the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2020 and 2021) – a cross-sectional study of 255 students from five major institutions located in the Niger Delta, Nigeria and a study involving students, faculties, civil servants and some uncategorized individuals selected from nations in Africa, Asia, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Canada. Results obtained from the analysis indicate the need to rejig the drive on distance learning and access to ODL mode of teaching and technology.
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Rus, Mihaela, Carmen Mihaela Baiceanu, and Tanase Tasen?e. "FOUNDATIONS OF CRISIS COMMUNICATION AND THEIR APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: THE PRESIDENTIAL ADMINISTRATION OF USA VS THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2024/fs01.05.
Full textAbstract:
The systematic manipulation of information and disinformation has been deployed by the Russian government as an operational tool in its attack on Ukraine. The spread of disinformation by the Russian government and its allied actors, as well as the actions undertaken in response by the Ukrainian government, allied governments, and international organizations, provide an important perspective and lessons on how crisis communication. The general objective of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of online communication between the United States Presidential Administration and the European Commission. For this study, 10 data sets were collected and analyzed for the White House and the European Commission, respectively. All data are collected over time periods originating on February 24, 2022, the date of the illegal invasion of Ukraine. Many of these data sets focus on the immediate aftermath of the conflict's onset, up to March 1, 2022, to emphasize the importance of a rapid response to a situation in a highly dynamic context. In this regard, the research is focused on eight key indicators, which will be presented in detail in the case study.
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Khlyshcheva, Elena, Maria Kusmidinova, Valentina Tikhonova, and Ilya Mametjev. "The formation of a common cultural space as a problem of cultural security of the Caspian Sea countries." In "The Caspian in the Digital Age" within the framework of the International Scientific Forum "Caspian 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development". Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.zxsm3310.
Full textAbstract:
The Caspian Sea region is one of the strategically important spaces, attracting the attention of many countries, not only those that border it. The peculiarity of Caspian region is its polyculturalism, social variability, economic versatility. But this region is unique not only geopolitically, but also in its historical unity of states with very different cultures and mentalities. Therefore, achieving cultural security is impossible without the formation of a common mental substratum that is close to all representatives of the Caspian countries. It is impossible to create a common cultural and information space without taking into account the dynamics of peoples' identities and their increased cultural awareness. The effectiveness of Russian policy in the Caspian region, both on Russian territory and on an interstate scale, depends on the resolution of these issues. The difficulties lie in historical civilisational differences: European cultural models coexist here in close unity with traditional economic practices, so the Caspian can be seen as an 'island of juxtaposition of worlds' - 'East and West'. Today the five independent states with access to the sea are the main actors. Nevertheless, powers such as China, Turkey, the United States and leading European countries are fighting for influence in the Caspian basin. For the Russian territory, the Caspian is the concentration of numerous major geopolitical challenges. Today Russia is faced with the need to ensure cultural security in this region. Therefore, cultural security is aimed at maintaining national security through the development of cultural identity, which is very relevant to the task of forming a common mental space in the Caspian region.
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Castro, Ana Claudia Veiga de. "Um historiador entre duas cidades: Richard Morse, de Nova York a São Paulo." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5938.
Full textAbstract:
O historiador Richard Morse (1922-2001) publica o livro De comunidade à metrópole, a biografia de São
 Paulo, em 1954, nas comemorações do IV Centenário da cidade. O livro, hoje um clássico, foi gestado entre
 a sua formação nos Estados Unidos e a pesquisa de campo em São Paulo. Esse artigo tem a intenção
 traçar paralelos entre as condições urbanas e culturais de São Paulo e Nova York em 1940 e 1950 e a
 estrutura narrativa do livro, apontando o que Morse traz da América para a formulação do problema
 encarado na tese – a evolução urbana de comunidade à metrópole – e o que ele formula na experiência de
 pesquisa numa cidade em processo de metropolização. Richard Morse (1922-2001) published the book
 From community to metropolis, the biography of São Paulo, in 1954, in celebration of the fourth centenary of the city. The book, now a classic, was conceived between his training in the United States and his field research in São Paulo. This article intends to draw parallels between the urban and cultural conditions of Sao Paulo and New York in the 40’s and 50’s and the narrative
 structure of the book, pointing out that Morse brings form America to the formulation of the problem faced in the thesis - the urban evolution from community to metropolis - and that he makes in the search experience
 in a city undergoing metropolis.
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onoda, Takashi, and Yasunobu Ito. "Academic Researchers' Voluntary Incentives in Technology Transfer: An ethnographic case study of genome science." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005108.
Full textAbstract:
The predominant contributors to the advancement of medical devices have traditionally resided within the industrial sector. Nevertheless, owing to recent progress in open innovation and other contributing factors, academia has experienced a notable surge in research and development activities. In 2015, the Japanese government inaugurated the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), aspiring to emulate the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States, with the objective of fostering the creation of medical devices originating from academic endeavors. In the realm of medical devices utilized for diagnostic, therapeutic, preventative, or monitoring purposes, there is a growing focus not only on therapeutic and diagnostic devices but also on the burgeoning significance of simple genetic diagnosis as a testing modality. The application of genetic diagnosis has extended beyond rare diseases to encompass the treatment of common ailments such as cancer, manifesting a notable expansion in recent years. Projections indicate that by 2025, the global market is poised to reach $13.2 billion, a threefold increase from the 2017 level, with further growth anticipated in tandem with heightened research and development undertakings. Despite these promising prospects, the facilitation of medical device development within academia encounters formidable challenges. Issues such as funding constraints, legal constraints, and limited collaboration with industry are universally acknowledged hurdles. Of particular concern is the sustainable promotion of these activities by researchers within academic institutions. Historically, addressing societal implementation concerns related to technology transfer and commercialization has fallen under the purview of liaison personnel, who act as intermediaries between industry and academia. However, existing support structures primarily address external aspects, presenting challenges in offering comprehensive solutions. Additionally, the imperative of devising mechanisms to ensure incentives for academic researchers is a critical aspect of sustainable activities, constituting a prominent challenge. Consequently, this study places emphasis on the cognitive culture or background—the epistemic culture inherent in the consciousness of actors engaged in research and development. Employing a multi-site ethnographic survey encompassing research institutions and facilities affiliated with the participating actors, alongside in-depth interviews, the study endeavors to shed light on the cultural aspects of knowledge intrinsic to the awareness of participating actors and their backgrounds. A protracted ethnographic and interview survey will be conducted among researchers involved in the "Cancer Biomarker Discovery Project" within academic research organizations. The aim is to elucidate the cultural dimensions of knowledge inherent in the consciousness of participating actors and to identify the challenges associated with medical device development within academia. Through survey analysis, this research will address the issue of securing voluntary incentives for researchers, a recognized concern in the context of medical device development within academia. The anticipated outcome is the elucidation of guidelines and promotional strategies for ensuring voluntary incentives, thereby fostering the revitalization of medical device development within academic settings.
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Johnston, George B., and Wenbo Guo. "Cross Cultural Currents in Early 20th Century Chinese Architectural Practice." In 109th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.109.42.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers the transplantation of the Western concept of architecture to China set against the backdrop of Western colonization from the mid-19th century. With the increasing presence of foreign populations, the urgent demand for a considerable number of new building types greatly spurred the Chinese construction market. Beyond consideration of the physical artifacts, this paper focuses upon the story behind the scenes, the mode of architectural production, and particularly how the intricate relationships among different professionals helped to shape the physical world. The West China Union University, constructed from 1915 through 1940s in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, serves as an apt case study to exemplify this process. A cooperative product of five missionary organizations from the United States, Britain and Canada, this project was designed by a British architect whose practice was based in England, super-intended on-site by an American architect, and constructed by local Chinese workmen. How were these professionals able to communicate and cooperate over such a long distance and across huge cultural gaps in architectural and building practice? This case study demonstrates that the relations among different actors in the field of architecture, specifically the tripartite interactions among client, architect and builder, were far more complex and nuanced than we might otherwise assume. This paper offers critical insights into the dramatic changes in the system of Chinese architectural practice under the sway of Western influence during the first half of 20th century.
Reports on the topic "Actors – United States – Biography"
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Saalman, Lora, Fei Su, and Larisa Saveleva Dovgal. Cyber Posture Trends in China, Russia, the United States and the European Union. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/elwl8053.
Full textAbstract:
Current understanding of the cyber postures of China, Russia, the USA and the EU merits re-evaluation. It is often assumed that China and Russia are aligned, yet this is not always the case. Unlike Russia, which has an ongoing focus on information security, China’s official documents incorporate both information security and cybersecurity concerns that are similar to the USA and the EU. Moreover, while often paired, the USA and the EU have differing regulatory structures in cyberspace. Further, both actors increasingly mirror Russian and Chinese concerns about the impact of information warfare on domestic stability. By examining key trends in each actor’s cyber posture, this report identifies points of convergence and divergence. Its conclusions will inform a broader SIPRI project that maps cyber posture trajectories and explores trilateral cyber dynamics among China, Russia and the USA to assist the EU in navigating future cyber escalation and enhancing global cyber stability.
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Saalman, Lora, Fei Su, and Larisa Saveleva Dovgal. Cyber risk reduction in China, Russia, the United States and the European Union. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rdjq8083.
Full textAbstract:
This report provides an overview of cyber risk reduction terminology and regulatory measures within China, Russia, the United States and the European Union. It finds, among other things, that China and Russia excel at clear visuals and steps, yet they also tend to lack linguistic clarity. China, the USA and the EU possess interagency and public–private sector coordination, while facing jurisdictional overlap. China, Russia, the USA and the EU are securing their supply chains, yet China and Russia face challenges with burdensome penalties for non-compliance, and the USA and the EU confront obstacles to enforcement at the state and member-state levels. This report is intended to provide a baseline for engagement among the four actors to strengthen and deconflict their respective cyber risk reduction approaches. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the German Federal Foreign Office for their generous support of this project.
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Schorung, Matthieu. A Geographical Contribution on Interurban Passenger Rail Transportation in the United States. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2212.
Full textAbstract:
Why does the rail infrastructure of the United States lag behind those of many other developed countries? Where is U.S. high-speed rail? This research approaches this in a dilemma by exploring Amtrak’s traditional rail services and high-speed rail projects in the nation to understand the workings of public rail transportation policies, what they contain, and how they are developed and pursued by the different stakeholders. This research utilizes case studies and a multiscale approach to analyze the territorialization of intercity rail transportation policies. The analysis demonstrates the emergence of a bottom-up approach to projects, notably apparent in the California HSR project and in the modernization of the Cascades corridor. Furthermore, this research concluded that, first, the development of uniform arguments and recommendations to encourage new rail policies emphasizes structuring effects and economic role of high-speed rail, congestion reduction, modal shift. Second, a tangible though uneven pro-rail position exists among public actors at all levels. Stakeholders prioritize improving and modernizing existing corridors for the launch of higher-speed services, and then on hybrid networks that combine different types of infrastructures. Although there are no publicly backed projects for new lines exclusively dedicated to high-speed rail, most of the high-speed corridors are in fact “higher-speed” corridors, some of which are intended to become high-speed at some time in the future.
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Saalman, Lora, Fei Su, and Larisa Saveleva Dovgal. Cyber Crossover and Its Escalatory Risks for Europe. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/siep1930.
Full textAbstract:
The crossover between cybercrime and cyberwarfare has intensified in recent years, particularly against the backdrop of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and mounting tensions of China and Russia with the United States. This paper delves into specific cyber incidents that employ cybercrime tactics with cyberwarfare objectives, allegedly involving Chinese, Russian or US actors. It examines responses within and among the private sector, the public sector and international forums. Although not directly involved in all of the cases, the European Union (EU) was impacted in a variety of ways, both as a result of spillover effects and intentional targeting. Drawing upon an examination of cyber incidents, this paper highlights how emerging trends in actors, means and responses present escalatory risks for the EU while emphasizing the pressing need to bolster cybersecurity measures.
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Luong, Ngor, Channing Lee, and Margarita Konaev. Chinese AI Investment and Commercial Activity in Southeast Asia. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210072.
Full textAbstract:
China’s government has pushed the country’s technology and financial firms to expand abroad, and Southeast Asia’s growing economies — and AI companies — offer promising opportunities. This report examines the scope and nature of Chinese investment in the region. It finds that China currently plays a limited role in Southeast Asia’s emerging AI markets outside of Singapore and that Chinese investment activity still trails behind that of the United States. Nevertheless, Chinese tech companies, with support from the Chinese government, have established a broad range of other AI-related linkages with public and commercial actors across Southeast Asia.
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Lewis, Dustin, Naz Modirzadeh, and Jessics Burniske. The Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and International Humanitarian Law: Preliminary Considerations for States. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qiaf4598.
Full textAbstract:
In developing international humanitarian law (IHL), States have aimed in part to lay down the primary normative and operational framework pertaining to principled humanitarian action in situations of armed conflict. The possibility that certain counterterrorism measures may be instituted in a manner that intentionally or unintentionally impedes such action has been recognized by an increasingly wide array of States and entities, including the United Nations Security Council and the U.N. Secretary-General. At least two aspects of the contemporary international discourse on intersections between principled humanitarian action and counterterrorism measures warrant more sustained attention. The first concerns who is, and who ought to be, in a position to authentically and authoritatively interpret and apply IHL in this area. The second concerns the relationships between IHL and other possibly relevant regulatory frameworks, including counterterrorism mandates flowing from decisions of the U.N. Security Council. Partly in relation to those two axes of the broader international discourse, a debate has emerged regarding whether the U.N. Security Council may authorize one particular counterterrorism entity — namely, the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) — to interpret and assess compliance with IHL pertaining to humanitarian action in relation to certain counterterrorism contexts. In a new legal briefing for the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (HLS PILAC), Dustin A. Lewis, Naz K. Modirzadeh, and Jessica S. Burniske seek to help inform that debate by raising some preliminary considerations regarding that possibility. The authors focus on the possible implications of States and other relevant actors pursuing various responses or not responding to this debate. One of the authors’ goals is to help raise awareness of this area with a focus on perspectives drawn from international law. Another is to invite a broader engagement with the question of the preservation of the humanitarian commitments laid down in IHL in a period marked by a growing number — and a deepening — of the intersections between situations of armed conflict and measures to suppress terrorism.
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Caparini, Marina. Conflict, Governance and Organized Crime: Complex Challenges for UN Stabilization Operations. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/nowm6453.
Full textAbstract:
This SIPRI Report examines how organized crime is intertwined with armed conflict and hybrid governance systems in three states that currently host United Nations stabilization missions. It surveys the conflict/crime/governance nexus in the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Mali, and how UN stabilization missions, in particular the UN Police, have engaged with the challenge of organized crime. The report argues that improving how UN stabilization interventions engage with organized crime will require a frank assessment of the significance of organized crime in systems of governance and patronage, of its role as a driver and enabler of armed conflict by non-state armed groups, and of the involvement of state-embedded actors in illicit markets. The complex links between conflict and governance actors and organized crime in the settings examined raise fundamental questions about the assumptions underlying peace operations. The report concludes with a set of recommendations on how to move to more realistic analyses and bases for peace operations.
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Bonvecchi, Alejandro, and Carlos Scartascini. The Presidency and the Executive Branch in Latin America: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011375.
Full textAbstract:
The presidential politics literature depicts presidents either as all-powerful actors or figureheads and seeks to explain outcomes accordingly. The president and the executive branch are nonetheless usually treated as black boxes, particularly in developing countries, even though the presidency has evolved into an extremely complex branch of government. While these developments have been studied in the United States, far less is known in other countries, particularly in Latin America, where presidential systems have been considered the source of all goods and evils. To help close the knowledge gap and explore differences in policymaking characteristics not only between Latin America and the US but also across Latin American countries, this paper summarizes the vast literature on the organization and resources of the Executive Branch in the Americas and sets a research agenda for the study of Latin American presidencies.
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Lewis, Dustin, ed. Database of States’ Statements (August 2011–October 2016) concerning Use of Force in relation to Syria. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/ekmb4241.
Full textAbstract:
Many see armed conflict in Syria as a flashpoint for international law. The situation raises numerous unsettling questions, not least concerning normative foundations of the contemporary collective-security and human-security systems, including the following: Amid recurring reports of attacks directed against civilian populations and hospitals with seeming impunity, what loss of legitimacy might law suffer? May—and should—states forcibly intervene to prevent (more) chemical-weapons attacks? If the government of Syria is considered unwilling or unable to obviate terrorist threats from spilling over its borders into other countries, may another state forcibly intervene to protect itself (and others), even without Syria’s consent and without an express authorization of the U.N. Security Council? What began in Daraa in 2011 as protests escalated into armed conflict. Today, armed conflict in Syria implicates a multitude of people, organizations, states, and entities. Some are obvious, such as the civilian population, the government, and organized armed groups (including designated terrorist organizations, for example the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS). Other implicated actors might be less obvious. They include dozens of third states that have intervened or otherwise acted in relation to armed conflict in Syria; numerous intergovernmental bodies; diverse domestic, foreign, and international courts; and seemingly innumerable NGOs. Over time, different states have adopted wide-ranging and diverse approaches to undertaking measures (or not) concerning armed conflict in Syria, whether in relation to the government, one or more armed opposition groups, or the civilian population. Especially since mid-2014, a growing number of states have undertaken military operations directed against ISIS in Syria. For at least a year-and-a-half, Russia has bolstered military strategies of the Syrian government. At least one state (the United States) has directed an operation against a Syrian military base. And, more broadly, many states provide (other) forms of support or assistance to the government of Syria, to armed opposition groups, or to the civilian population. Against that backdrop, the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (HLS PILAC) set out to collect states’ statements made from August 2011 through November 2016 concerning use of force in relation to Syria. A primary aim of the database is to provide a comparatively broad set of reliable resources regarding states’ perspectives, with a focus on legal parameters. A premise underlying the database is that through careful documentation of diverse approaches, we can better understand those perspectives. The intended audience of the database is legal practitioners. The database is composed of statements made on behalf of states and/or by state officials. For the most part, the database focuses on statements regarding legal parameters concerning use of force in relation to Syria. HLS PILAC does not pass judgment on whether each statement is necessarily legally salient for purposes of international law. Nor does HLS PILAC seek to determine whether a particular statement may be understood as an expression of opinio juris or an act of state practice (though it might be).
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Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.
Full textAbstract:
For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.