Academic literature on the topic 'Actual Usage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Actual Usage"
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Montag, Christian, Konrad Błaszkiewicz, Bernd Lachmann, et al. "Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage." Journal of Individual Differences 35, no. 3 (2014): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000139.
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In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.
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Alvaro, Eusebio M., William D. Crano, Jason T. Siegel, Zachary Hohman, Ian Johnson, and Brandon Nakawaki. "Adolescents’ attitudes toward antimarijuana ads, usage intentions, and actual marijuana usage." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 27, no. 4 (2013): 1027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031960.
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TANGE, Kaito, Hiroki YANAGISAWA, and Katsuya UOZAKI. "REGULATIONS AND ACTUAL USAGE OF “INDOOR ADVERTISEMENT”." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 31, no. 77 (2025): 472–77. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.31.472.
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Stegmann, Ulrich E. "‘Genetic Coding’ Reconsidered: An Analysis of Actual Usage." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 67, no. 3 (2016): 707–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axv007.
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Bartonicek, J., W. Zaiss, W. Hienstorfer, H. Kocklemann, and F. Schöckle. "Monitoring systems and determination of actual fatigue usage." Nuclear Engineering and Design 153, no. 2-3 (1995): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(95)90004-7.
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Ochs, H. R., L. G. Miller, D. J. Greenblatt, and R. I. Shader. "Actual versus reported benzodiazepine usage by medical outpatients." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 32, no. 4 (1987): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00543974.
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Čupera, J., and T. Šmerda. "The usage of CAN-Bus messages for engine power determination." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 4 (2010): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/45/2009-rae.
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Determination of the actual power of tractor's engine in the operation can be done by calculation which requires the use of a range of parameters such as coefficient of rolling resistance, mechanical efficiency, the moments of inertia, etc. Their values are usually tabulated and therefore the engine power cannot be determine without simplifying. Another solution is to use the actual engine torque message from the CAN-Bus, which brings a specific value of the actual torque. The aim is to use the current torque to calculate the engine power in the deployment of tractor's set in transport operation. The results show that at a uniform movement of the flat section the engine power reached 73 kW. When driving uphill, the value of the actual power reached from 130 to 150 kW depending on the selected gear. Using the actual parameters of torque makes possible to identify the known full speed characteristics of the current engine without the need for assembly demanding measurement techniques.
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Susanto, Tony Dwi, Saffana Assani, and Caroline Chan. "Importance IT Role of IT Self-Efficacy towards Actual Competency, IT Usage, and Productivity: A Case Study on University Students." Indonesian Journal of Information Systems 7, no. 2 (2025): 204–17. https://doi.org/10.24002/ijis.v7i2.10044.
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Teaching how to use technology and encouraging students to improve their learning productivity by using technology are challenging. This study aims to investigate the important role of IT self-efficacy towards IT actual competency, actual usage of IT, and productivity in the case of university students to propose a teaching strategy that can improve students’ competency from “know-what” to “know-how” continued to real usage and productivity. It produces a model of the relationships between IT self-efficacy, IT actual competency, actual usage of information technology, and productivity. The relationships were quantitively measured using data from 89 students. The construct validity of the measurement model was examined using convergent and discriminant validity analysis. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling and bootstrap analysis. The findings suggest that IT self-efficacy does not directly impact actual usage and productivity. Still, it directly affects IT actual competency, leading to actual usage and productivity. In terms of novelty, this study examines a comprehensive relationship between 4 variables: IT self-efficacy, IT actual competency, IT usage, and Productivity, while the other existing studies just examined the relationships between 2 variables: IT self-efficacy and IT actual competency, IT self-efficacy and attitude towards IT usage, IT self-efficacy and IT Usage. For practical contributions, this study highlights the importance of improving students’ IT self-efficacy as an initial strategy to motivate students to use technology in their learning process which can lead to improved productivity.
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Yuliawati, Tia, Heny Hendrayati, Cici Cintyawati, and Chairul Furqon. "Adopsi Literasi Fintech untuk E-Money di Kalangan Generasi Z." Image : Jurnal Riset Manajemen 11, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/image.2023.001.
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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of fintech literacy on actual usage of electronic money in Generation Z, as well as to determine and analyze the influence of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and personal innovativeness on actual usage of electronic money in Generation Z. The method used in this study is a survey method with a verification approach. Where data is collected from a sample of 100 respondents through a questionnaire distributed through Google Form. Hypothesis testing is done using SEM Analysis with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that fintech literacy has a positive and significant effect on actual usage of electronic money. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have no significant effect on actual usage of electronic money, while personal innovativeness has a positive and significant effect on actual usage of electronic money. Personal innovativeness is also known to be a factor that has the greatest influence on actual usage of electronic money in Generation Z. This research has implications for the development of management science, especially to see the effect of fintech literacy on actual usage of electronic money that can be used by the financial services sector as a basis for decision making.
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Harada, Toshiaki. "Simulation house for experiment of actual usage of lighing." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 78, Appendix (1994): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.78.appendix_295.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Actual Usage"
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Lee, B. J. "An Investigation of the Potential Versus Actual Usage of Expert Electrical Cost Estimating Systems." NSUWorks, 1996. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/661.
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There are several Expert Electrical Cost Estimating System (EECES) developers in the continental United States; in addition, some electrical contractors develop their own. The four major developers were Estimation, Inc., McCormick Systems, Inc., Software Shop Systems, Inc. and TRF Estimating Systems. Some of the problems facing these organizations included (a) they were unaware of how many electrical contractors had an EECES, (b) how many of them used their EECESs regularly, (c) nor did they have scientific research data that projected the time saved by using an EECES rather than a Manual Electrical Cost Estimating (MECES) system. Consequently, they did not know how large their potential market was, the ratio of EECESs used regularly versus the number of EECESs that had been sold, or scientific data confirming their speculation that an EECES was approximately 2-112 times faster than an MECES. To illustrate these problems, electrical cost estimators in the HoustonGalveston- Brazoria Consolidated Area were surveyed (see Chapter III, Method). Houston is the fourth most populous city in America and the largest in the southern and southwestern United States. The Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Consolidated Area consists of an enormously large region and contains a wide range of environmental conditions. Essentially every type of electrical construction had recently been completed in the area under a wide variety of conditions. Therefore, electrical cost estimating in this area is considered typical of electrical cost estimating throughout the continental United States.
To project the magnitude of these issues, this research survey was conducted. An appropriate survey instrument did not exist, therefore, the writer developed the expert electrical cost estimating system survey instrument. This survey was used as the measuring instrument for this study. The survey was designed for electrical contractors of all sizes and expertise to measure their patterns, characteristics and for collecting data on electrical cost estimating. The test data was statistically evaluated, and it indicated that 40% of the electrical contractors had expert electrical cost estimating systems and 60% did not, 63% of the electrical contractors used them and 37% did not, and the EECES's estimates were 2.77 to 2.88 times faster than the MECES's.
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Badredine, Hala. "Factors Affecting Actual Individual Usage of Electronic Patient Records In Three Developing Countries of The Middle East; Lebanon, Jordan and Syria." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492333.
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All conferences' proceedings of the latest EMRO-WHO have recommended amelioration of actual individual usage of Electronic Patient Record (AIU-EPR) and Ehealth in the Middle East for a better future. To begin, how can we apply these recommendations without knowledge of basic E-health and Electronic Patient Records /Electronic Health Records (EPR/ EHR) status in countries under study? This study provides an exploratory database of factors influencing usage and adoption in The Fertile Crescent; three developing 'Water-People' countries, namely The Republic of Lebanon, The Kingdom ofJordan and The Arabic Syrian Republic. No research or study has yet explored and established matters concerning health care managers' attitudes, habits, involvement, development, technical readiness and accessibility towards AIU-EPR. The main dependent variable AIU-EPR refers to the number of hours per week EPRsupported functions are used among functions performed in a hospital department. This research tests four independent variables with their own observed variable loadings affecting the one dependent variable AIU-EPR, as follows. 1. The relationships between individual characteristics and AIU-EPR. Age, sex and education are taken as the exogenous or upstream variables affecting the mediating dependent variable, individual personality characteristic (Indivpers). While, individual personality characteristic is also considered, at the same time, according to the structural equation modelling and regression theory (SEM) model-l an exogenous variable for the endogenous main dependent variable AIU-EPR. 2. The relationships between individual organisational characteristics and AIUEPR. Centralisation of decision making, communication and technical readiness in a health care organisation are considered to be the upstream variables to the downstream variable individual organisational characteristics (Indivorg). On the other hand, the Indivorg variable is considered the upstream variable affecting the main dependent downstream variable AIU-EPR. 3. The relationships between Attitudes and Habits of health care professionals and AIU-EPR. Attitudes toward involvement, attitudes toward development, awareness of accessibility and hospitals' departmental needs for EPR usage values are considered to be the upstream variables to the downstream variable Attitudes and Habits (Attitudhab). At the same time Attitl!dhab as considered the upstream variable affecting the main dependent downstream variable AIU-EPR. 4. EPR Usefulness as the last exogenous variable affecting the mediating the dependent variable AIU-EPR. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire and on-site interviewing of hospital and Ministry of Health managers. One thousand managers from 100 hospitals in the three countries were interviewed personally by the researcher. Multivariate general hypotheses are proposed and tested simultaneously through structural equation modelling and regression on different levels using AMOS version 7 and SPSS version 15. As expected the results confirm that the cultural and political environment in each country affected the outcome of this study in relation to all factors analysing AIU-EPR. Irrespective of Country specific variation, the findings also reveal that organisational factors contribute to a greater degree in understanding AIU-EPR than the individual characteristics. Moreover, attitudes ofprofessionals play important roles in explaining AIU-EPR. However, there is strong evidence ofa 'halo' effect (Nisbett R., 1980) between individual characteristics and AIU-EPR at this early stage ofAIU-EPR in the Middle East leading to exaggerated perceptions of actual usage. Additionai findings appear in the text and implications are considered for researchers and policy makers. This research lays the groundwork and presents exciting possibilities for conducting more detailed actual individual usages ofEPR studies and cross-national comparisons of innovations especially in the legal, ethical, political, and cultural arenas.
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Vichard, Loic. "Contribution à l’étude du vieillissement des composants batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA018.
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Les travaux de thèse sont associés au projet AsDeCoEUR (Analyses De Composants Energétiques en Usage Réel). Ce projet s’inscrit dans le contexte actuel de la mise en œuvre des nouvelles technologies de l’énergie pour la mobilité et porte plus spécifiquement sur l’étude des composants batterie et pile à combustible situés au coeur des chaines de traction électriques. Le projet souhaite s’appuyer sur les travaux déjà réalisés par les acteurs UTBM et IFSTTAR de la fédération de recherche FCLAB dans le projet Mobypost qui a permis l’expérimentation en usage réel sur deux sites de La Poste en région Franche-Comté d’une flotte de 10 véhicules électriques à pile à combustible et batterie.Pendant l’expérimentation Mobypost, tous les véhicules du projet enregistrent les nombreuses données physiques de leur chaine de traction. L’ensemble de ces informations constitue aujourd’hui une base très riche à exploiter. Dans le projet AsDeCoEUR, nous proposons une démarche scientifique menée autour d’un travail de thèse visant à comprendre le comportement dynamique, d'étudier le vieillissement et d'estimer l'état de santé des composants énergétiques batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel. Cette démarche est basée sur l’analyse des données enregistrées sur ces composants dans le projet Mobypost et est renforcée par des expérimentations spécifiques et maitrisées en laboratoire. La mise en oeuvre des compétences et des outils d’analyse numériques développés notamment pour les batteries par le laboratoire Ampère et l’IFSTTAR vise à comprendre et reproduire les phénomènes de dégradation des composants étudiés. Les travaux permettent au final, en associant les compétences des enseignants-chercheurs et chercheurs de l’UFC, de l’UTBM, de l’IFSTTAR et du laboratoire Ampère sur ce sujet, de contribuer à l’étude du vieillissement et d'estimer l'état de santé en usage réel des batteries et des piles à combustible ce qui constituent une avancée remarquable dans ce domaine, notamment en vue de l’industrialisation de véhicules équipés de ce type de composants<br>These thesis works are associated to the AsDeCoEUR project. This project is part of the current context of the development of new energy technologies for mobility and focuses more specifically on the study of battery and fuel cell components located in the heart of electric power train. The project is based on the work already carried out by the UTBM and IFSTTAR actors of the FCLAB research federation among the Mobypost project. Mobypost european project has allowed the experimentation of a fleet of 10 fuel cell electric vehicles under actual operating conditions on two postal platforms in the Franche-Comté region.During the Mobypost experiment, a deep monorting was performed on all the vehicles so numerous physical data of their power train were recorded. All of these information now constitutes a very rich database to exploit. Among the AsDeCoEUR project, we propose a scientific approach carried out around a thesis work wich aims at understanding dynamic behavior, studying aging and estimating the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of the data recorded on these components among the Mobypost project and is reinforced by specific experiments set up in the laboratory. The implementation of skills and digital analysis tools developed especially for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims at understanding and reproducing the degradation phenomena. The works should finally allow, by combining the skills of UFC, UTBM, IFSTTAR and Ampère laboratory researchers, to contribute to the study of batteries and fuel cells aging and to estimate their state of health under actual operating conditions. This constitutes a remarkable advance in this field, particularly with a view to the industrialization of vehicles equipped with this type of component
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Postica, Doru. "Self-image congruence and brand preference: analysis by product usage role and level of country development." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4805.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Empresariais.<br>Past research assumed and successfully proved self-image congruity to have a positive impact on product/brand choice, purchase intentions, and brand preference. The purpose of the research is to study the self-concept dimensions (actual and ideal) and their relation to brand preference. Type of product (conspicuous and inconspicuous) and type of country (Moldova as developing country and Portugal as developed country) were examined in the relationship between actual/ideal self-image congruence and brand preference. Hypotheses were formulated and data were collected through survey method. A preliminary questionnaire was designed to test the instrument’s efficiency and choose the most representative brands. Then, data were collected through student surveys, written in Romanian for Moldova, in Portuguese for Portugal and in English for Erasmus students. The perceptions of 208 respondents about their self-congruity and brand preference were obtained for two types of products: clothes and toothpaste, with two brands being compared for each type. An understanding of self-image congruence impact can give clearer directions in developing better marketing programs. These notions are also crucial in determining the relation between the person’s image and the final purchase behavior. It was found that self-image congruence has a significant impact over brand preference, while actual self-image congruence influencing more the inconspicuous products and ideal self-image congruence – conspicuous ones. Other practical and theoretical implications are also discussed. The work’s originality is in the cross-analysis of products and countries.<br>Investigações anteriores provaram com êxito o impacto positivo da congruidade da auto-imagem sobre a escolha do produto / marca, intenção de compra e preferência de marca. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar as dimensões de auto-conceito (real e ideal) e sua relação com a preferência de marca. O tipo de produto (conspícuos e discreto) e do tipo de país (Moldávia como país em vias de desenvolvimento e Portugal como país desenvolvido) foram examinados na relação entre a congruência entre a auto-imagem real/ideal e a preferência da marca. As hipóteses foram formuladas e os dados foram recolhidos por meio de sondagem. Um questionário preliminar foi elaborado para testar a eficiência do instrumento de recolha e para escolher as marcas mais representativas. Em seguida, os dados foram recolhidos por meio de uma sondagem a estudantes, escrita em romeno para a Moldávia, e em português para Portugal, e em inglês para os estudantes Erasmus. As perceções dos 208 inquiridos sobre a sua auto-congruência e a marca foram obtidas através de dois tipos de produtos: roupa e pasta de dentes, com duas marcas utilizadas respetivamente para cada tipo. Uma compreensão do impacto da congruência da auto-imagem pode dar indicações mais claras no desenvolvimento de melhores programas de marketing. Essas noções são também cruciais para determinar a relação entre a imagem do consumidor e do comportamento de compra final. Verificou-se, assim, que a congruência da auto-imagem tem um impacto significativo sobre a preferência de marca, embora a congruência da auto-imagem real influencie mais os produtos discretos e a congruência da auto-imagem ideal, os produtos conspícuos. Outras implicações práticas e teóricas também são discutidos. A originalidade do trabalho reside na análise cruzada de produtos e países.
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Klinger, Brian P. "The laptop initiative in the Graphic Communications Management program at the University of Wisconsin-Stout a comparison of initial student expectations versus actual usage for the fall 2002 semester /." Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004klingerb.pdf.
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Abadie, Juliet. "Ecologie historique des forêts méditerranéennes : déterminants du changement du couvert forestier et effets des usages passés sur les sols et la flore actuels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0192/document.
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En région tempérée, les cartes historiques ont permis de démontrer que l’ancienneté des forêts conditionne les caractéristiques des sols et la présence de certaines espèces végétales. En revanche, peu d’études ont été réalisées pour tester ces différences en région méditerranéenne. L'objectif général de la thèse est d’analyser les déterminants du changement du couvert forestier et l’effet de la continuité temporelle et des usages passés sur les sols et la flore des forêts actuelles en région méditerranéenne. Ce travail prend place au sein du territoire du Parc Naturel Régional du Luberon. Le premier volet identifie les déterminants de la distribution des usages et de la reconquête forestière, à partir de données cartographiques de 1860, 1958 et 2010. Il apparaît notamment que les forêts se sont maintenues sur les terres les moins productives et que la reconquête forestière s’est faite sur des sols peu productifs, et à proximité des forêts préexistantes. Le second volet explore l’effet de la continuité temporelle et des usages passés des forêts sur leurs caractéristiques écologiques, à partir de relevés floristiques et pédologiques. Les forêts anciennes et récentes se répartissent selon la productivité des sols et accueillent des espèces qui se distinguent par leurs traits et leurs exigences écologiques, avec notamment des espèces spécialistes forestières, phanérophytes et endozoochores plus fréquentes en forêt ancienne. Si ce travail s’appuie sur la carte d’État-Major, il s’avère que l’écologie historique des forêts méditerranéennes nécessite également des approches in situ afin d’appréhender la complexité des usages anciens du paysage<br>In temperate regions, historical maps have demonstrated that forest ancientness determines soil properties and the presence of some plant species. However, those differences were rarely analysed in the Mediterranean region. The main objectives of this PhD thesis are to analyse the drivers of forest cover change and the effect of temporal continuity and past land uses on forest soils and understory vegetation in the Mediterranean region. This work relies on the territory of the Regional Natural Park of Luberon. The first part consists of identifying biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of land use and forest recovery spatial distribution, based on the comparison of 1860, 1958 and 2010 land uses. Forest maintained on the least productive land while forest recovery occurred on soils with low productivity, and close to pre-existing forests. The second part investigates the effect of forest temporal continuity and past land uses on their ecological characteristics, based on floristic and pedological data. Ancient and recent forests are distributed according to soil productivity and host species of differing traits and ecological preferences. Notably, species significantly preferring ancient forests are true forest species, phanerophytes and endozoochores. If this work relies on the État-Major map, it turns out that the historical ecology of Mediterranean forests requires complementary in situ approaches in order to fully understand the complexity of past landscape uses
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Buratti, Mathilde. "Perles d'Afrique, des données archéologiques aux objets actuels : utilisations et symbolisme à travers l'exemple des perles du Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H005.
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Les perles, petites masses percées de part en part destinées à être enfilées pour servir en particulier d’ornement, sont une des catégories d’objets les plus fréquemment observées dans les fouilles archéologiques en Afrique. Elles sont aussi présentes dans nombre d’objets perlés actuels ou récents, tels que les colliers, les coiffes, les vêtements, les instruments de danse ou même le mobilier. Employées dans les arts de cour comme dans les formes plus populaires, montées par enfilage simple ou incluses dans des broderies et des tissages, les perles sont omniprésentes dans l’existence d’un Africain, au point d’être considérées comme un des marqueurs d’africanité. Durant la période du commerce triangulaire, elles étaient une des marchandises européennes les plus prisées et ont été une des contreparties les plus courantes dans l’achat d’esclaves. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les raisons qui ont abouti à un tel engouement pour ces éléments, à travers l’étude des usages et des symboliques des perles du Cameroun, pays surnommé « l’Afrique en miniature ». Au cours de cette recherche, seront évoquées les « pierres d’aigris » ou « accory », perles bleues produites localement et constituées d’une matière mystérieuse, particulièrement recherchées dans le Golfe de Guinée durant les temps modernes (XVe- XVIIIe siècles)<br>Beads, beautiful small and perforated items made to be strung, are very common in African archaeological excavations. They are also familiar in actual and modern articles, like collars, headdresses, clothes, dance stuff and furniture. Used in art of courts as well as popular forms, put together in simple assembly or included into embroidery or weaving, beads are everywhere in the life of an African, that’s why they are today a designer label of africanism. All along the triangular trade, Europeans often gave beads in exchange of slaves. This thesis aims to understand why the beads are so valuable in Africa for many centuries. To reach it, uses and symbolism of Cameroonian beads are studied because Cameroon is called “Africa in miniature”. During this research, we investigate the mystery of agree beads, also called acory, which were highly valued in early modern period
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Lee, Li-Wei, and 李立偉. "The Study of Antecedents of Actual Usage for Internet Information System." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70912672719216017367.
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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>企業管理學系<br>98<br>The Internet has gained great popularity and provides everyone a convenient way to access the abundant information. Using portal site has become one of the most common tasks that users are performing on the Internet.
Although there are some studies which focus on portal site in academic researches, only few researches discuss the intention of using portal site from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Social cognitive theory offers an important perspective about how people response to environment. That is suitable for explaining the behavior of users who use portal site on the internet.
This research is based on social cognitive theory, technology acceptance model, updated DeLone and McLean information systems success model, expectation confirmation theory and self efficacy theory to construct the model. The purpose of this research is to explore the antecedents of actual usage of websites.
836 effective questionnaires in this research were collected and analyzed by using structure equation modeling. The results are as follows: (1) Hypotheses except from H6: user’s self efficacy will significantly influence portal site‘s perceived usefulness and H9: portal site‘s information quality will significantly influence portal site‘s perceived ease of use, the rest of hypotheses were all supported. (2)The whole, this research theory can be supported, each construct really have relation of influencing each other. (3)The relationships between self efficacy and perceived usefulness are apparently mediated by perceived ease of use.
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Fang, Han-Lin, and 方漢霖. "A Study on Customers’ Actual Usage Behavior of Mobile Banking Service." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19620275170320579472.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊經營學系(所)<br>103<br>The maturity of mobile communication technology has contributed to assimilating mobile devices as a necessity into people’s daily lives. Moreover, the rapid development of wireless technologies has made the use of the Internet in any environments possible, enabling wireless communication technologies to be combined with the Internet to provide mobile network services. Domestic and foreign industry operators have therefore vied to enter the data communications market in an effort to introduce mobile commerce products.
In the financial industry, business operators have competed in introducing e-transaction systems, particularly network banking systems. With the advancements of mobile communications and wireless technologies, network banking systems have oriented toward mobilization, thus increasing customer demand for the most updated finance-related information and efficient services. In Taiwan, financial business operators have gradually introduced mobile banking services to smartphone users. An overview of the mobile banking software promoted in Taiwan revealed that such software has seldom been integrated into mobile value-added services. Therefore, this study examined how items offered in mobile banking services in Taiwan influence customer demand and usage intentions to elucidate customers’ behavior in actually using these services.
Based on a literature review of “Conceptualising Online Banking Service Value”, “E-Commerce”, “Perceived Risk”, and “Technology Acceptance Model”, this study examined the mobile banking businesses in Taiwan’s financial industry to ascertain the relationship among the “technology and functionality” of mobile banking services, customers self-controllability, mobile value-added services, and customer perceived risk. Subsequently, the behavioral intention of customers to use mobile banking services was investigated. The research findings provided insights into the perspectives and needs of customers in Taiwan. Furthermore, the results can serve as a reference for domestic business operators to enrich their software content and improve their service quality.
This study conducted a questionnaire survey, obtaining a total of 261 questionnaires. The results of this study indicated that (a) the “Technical ＆ Functional” and “Mobile Value-Added Service” involved in mobile banking significantly, positively influenced usage behavioral intention; (b) “Self-Control” exerted a nonsignificant positive influence on usage behavioral intention; (c) “Perceived Risk” exerted a significant negative influence on usage behavioral intention; and (d) “Behavioral Intention” significantly, positively influenced actual usage behavior. In particular, “Technical ＆ Functional” and “Mobile Value-Added Service” are the two key factors influencing usage behavioral intention. Therefore, banking operators are recommended to incorporate creative, novel, and interesting elements into their overall service interface, to provide diverse products that can elicit customers’ desire to purchase them. In addition, enabling customers to gain a unique purchase experience is expected to facilitate the growth of their banking businesses. Furthermore, potential mobile banking entrepreneurs could reference the results of this study to formulate effective strategies for raising customers’ usage intention and obtaining tangible benefits.
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Wu, Chin-Chang, and 吳金璋. "A Longitudinal Study on the Actual Usage of the On-line Signature Verification System for Electronic Official Documents: Based on the UTAUT." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06688829561262150210.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>企業管理系碩士班<br>98<br>With the information technology (IT) advances continuing to provide new and more effective means of integrating and accessing information, electronification plays the leading role in business process renovation and provides a new opportunity to renovate the organization procedures. Under such condition, on-line signature verification system for electronic official document is currently being spotlighted by business practitioners and researchers. However, little consideration is being made on its applications in academic institutions. Hence, based on the united theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), this study’s purposes are to longitudinally explore the full-time faculty and staff acceptance of the on-line signature verification system for electronic official document in one university, and further test whether the effects of determinants on usage intention and actual usage would change over time.
This study was longitudinally conducted to test UTAUT by the two-stage measurement approach. Questionnaires were administered to faculties and staffs from one university at two points in time: after initial training (T1) and three months after implementation (T2). A total of 112 faculties and staffs participated in both data collections. This study’s results are summarized as follows. Firstly, performance expectance, effort expectance, and social influence have significantly positive effects on usage intention in the first and second measurement stage, but facilitating conditions only has significantly positive effects on actual usage in the second measurement stage. Secondly, age can significantly moderate the effect of social influence on usage intention in the first and second measurement stage, and it can significantly moderate the effect of facilitating conditions on actual usage in the second measurement stage, while gender can not significantly moderate the effects of performance expectance, effort expectance, and social influence on usage intention in the first and second measurement stage.
Books on the topic "Actual Usage"
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Velarde, Manuel Casado. El castellano actual: Usos y normas. 7th ed. Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 2000.
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Lorenzo, Emilio. Niveles y registros en el español actual. Gobierno de La Rioja, Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, 1991.
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Aquilino, Sanchez, ed. Gran diccionario de uso del espanol actual. Sociedad General Espanola de Libreria, 2001.
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Sousa, José Martínez de. Diccionario de usos y dudas del español actual. Vox, 2003.
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Sousa, José Martínez de. Diccionario de usos y dudas del español actual. Biblograf, 1996.
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Vucheva, Eugenia. Estilística del español actual: Teoría y práctica del estilo. Tirant Humanidades, 2014.
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Salazar, Susana Guerrero. Medios de comunicación y español actual. Ediciones Aljibe, 2002.
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Torrego, Leonardo Gómez. El léxico en el español actual: Uso y norma. Arco/Libros, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Actual Usage"
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Park, Sihyun, Jueun Jeon, Byeonghui Jeong, Kyuwon Park, Seungyeon Baek, and Young-Sik Jeong. "Actual Resource Usage-Based Container Scheduler for High Resource Utilization." In Advances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1252-0_82.
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Schneider, Uta, Elisabeth Dütschke, and Anja Peters. "How Does the Actual Usage of Electric Vehicles Influence Consumer Acceptance?" In Evolutionary Paths Towards the Mobility Patterns of the Future. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37558-3_4.
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Han, Heejeong, Namho Chung, Chulmo Koo, and Kyoung Jun Lee. "Exhibition Attendees’ Smart Technology Actual Usage: A Case of Near Field Communications." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_33.
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Gontarz, A., F. Hänni, L. Weiss, and K. Wegener. "Machine Tool Optimization Strategies: Evaluation of Actual Machine Tool Usage and Modes." In Sustainable Manufacturing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27290-5_20.
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Kumar, Geeta, and P. K. Kapur. "Developing a Usage Space Dimension Model to Investigate Influence of Intention to Use on Actual Usage of Mobile Phones." In Strategic System Assurance and Business Analytics. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3647-2_16.
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van Deursen, Alexander, Jan van Dijk, and Wolfgang Ebbers. "Why E-government Usage Lags Behind: Explaining the Gap Between Potential and Actual Usage of Electronic Public Services in the Netherlands." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11823100_24.
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Sladoje, Nataša, and Kota Miura. "Introduction." In Bioimage Data Analysis Workflows ‒ Advanced Components and Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76394-7_1.
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AbstractBioimage analysis is often regarded as a technical task that can be solved simply by the development of new and more sophisticated image processing algorithms. This may be true to a large extent, but the complexity encountered in the actual usage of those algorithms during the analysis leads to a number of challenges that leave researchers with a thought that “Bioimage analysis is difficult”.
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Huber, Monika, Sascha Wessel, Gerd Brost, and Nadja Menz. "Building Trust in Data Spaces." In Designing Data Spaces. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_9.
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AbstractData is becoming increasingly valuable and must be protected. At the same time, data becomes an economic asset and companies can benefit from exchanging data with each other. The International Data Spaces enable companies to share data while ensuring data sovereignty and security.Data providers can keep control over the processing of their data by utilizing usage control policies, including the verification that these usage control policies are enforced by the data consumer. For this, data processing devices, called connectors, must prove their identity and the integrity of their software stack and state.In this chapter, we present the overall security concept for building trust in data spaces enabling data sovereignty and usage control enforcement. The concept builds on a certification process for components and operational environments utilizing the multiple eye principle. This process is technically mapped to a public key infrastructure providing digital certificates for connector identities and software signing. Finally, the third building block is the architecture and system security of the connectors where usage control must be enforced, the identity and integrity of other connectors and their software stack and state must be verified, and the actual data processing happens.
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Stieninger, Mark, and Dietmar Nedbal. "Drivers for the Actual Usage of Cloud Services: An Examination of Influencing Factors for Digital Natives." In Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07227-2_8.
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Pospíšil, Adam. "Neutralization of voice in colloquial Arabic verbs." In Studies in Arabic Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/sal.14.04pos.
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Abstract In this paper I propose the concept of neutralization of voice, motivated by certain cases of intransitive usage of transitive verbs in some Arabic varieties and defined as the omission of coding of a de-transitivizing valency alternation. I confront the concept with a sample of Arabic verbs and argue that a class of constructions in a range of Arabic varieties can indeed be accounted for in terms of voice neutralization. I also suggest some factors licensing the phenomenon and discuss its possible implications for cross-varietal and typological comparison, as well as its validity in terms of the study of actual language use, including marginal and emergent constructions conditioned by context.
Conference papers on the topic "Actual Usage"
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Rowan, Jennie, Christopher Alexis Suryadi, Christian Theddy, and Erwin Halim. "Examining the Factors Influencing the Website Continuous Actual Usage of SME Owners in Indonesia." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicyta64807.2024.10912949.
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Beale, Raymond, Paul Swindell, and Mark Davis. "Achieving Usage Based Maintenance with HUMS Regime Recognition." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10186.
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Monitoring of actual aircraft structural usage and loads would enhance rotorcraft safety while enabling reduced operating costs via usage-based maintenance (UBM) credits. While flight regime recognition (RR) algorithms have been demonstrated, they have not been fully validated, and regime-based UBM credits remain elusive due to both technical and certification challenges. This paper describes a viable method, which was developed by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation under an R&D effort funded by the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, for achieving UBM retirement credits for a representative life-limited component based on individual aircraft RR usage statistics calculated from Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) operational fleet data recorded on S-92® rotorcraft. A RR post-processing technique for addressing key technical challenges is described and validation results against flight test data are presented. The RR post-processing method is applied to operational HUMS data resulting in individual aircraft usage statistics across the fleet. Usage statistics are compared to the composite worst case (CWC) usage spectrum by individual tail number to identify the best candidates for UBM life credits. Finally, a UBM component retirement credit is calculated for a specific tail number using reliability factors and validated within a probabilistic framework that assures the goal of six-nines (0.999999) fatigue reliability is maintained.
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Tuthill, Arthur H. "Usage and Performance of Nickel Stainless Steels in Natural Waters and Brines." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88408.
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Abstract Actual performance of various grades of stainless steels in saline waters in 80 coastal industrial plants as reported in interviews with cognizant materials personnel and as documented in the author's files is summarized by alloy or alloy group and by product form.(l) User supplied information of this type is by its nature incomplete and not as precise as data developed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Nevertheless, it does provide good insight into overall alloy performance and overall patterns of alloy usage.
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Kelly, Stacey. "V-22 Dynamic Components Fatigue Design Usage Spectrum vs. Fleet History." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9544.
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A critical task for initiating an aircraft design is to determine how the fielded product will be used. For the V-22 Osprey, a usage spectrum was developed. The spectrum considered time spent in level flight, number of maneuvers per flight hour, type of maneuvers that would be flown, etc. With the V-22 fleet now exceeding 200,000 flight hours the actual usage spectrum can be compared to the design spectrum to gain key insights. The V-22 onboard recording system includes maneuver recognition software that permits this analysis. Results from fleet usage data are compared to the design usage spectrum to show areas where the original design spectrum is conservative and where it was not. The differences show how a usage-based appraisal of fatigue effects can be used for determining replacement intervals of life limited components.
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Surjandy, Julio Matthew Anza Putra, Leonard Sean Lee, and Juan Veris Tandrean. "The Effects of Advertising, Perceived Benefit, UI/UX, IS Security Model, and Satisfaction Towards the Actual Usage of Digital Payment." In 2024 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications (IC3INA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3ina64086.2024.10732405.
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Hodges, Chris, Katherine Troncalli, Theresa Kinney, and Christopher Lyman. "OH-58D Pylon Side Beam Life Using Usage Loads Monitoring vs Traditional Lifing Methodology." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10255.
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This paper discusses the cooperative effort to evaluate usage load monitoring on the right pylon side beam of four OH-58D aircraft. This paper will discuss the Army's current methodology for retirement time calculation of the OH-58D pylon side beams, findings from actual loads data analysis and potential adjustments to overhaul and retirement schedules. This effort supports the transition of Army aircraft from time based maintenance to condition based maintenance and is applicable to current and future fleet aircraft.
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Jr., Raymond, Mark Davis, Jared Kloda, and David Templeton. "S-92 Main Rotor Blade Life Extension." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11481.
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Rotorcraft structural methodology has traditionally relied upon the use of three sources of conservatism for design and fatigue substantiation of rotorcraft dynamic components: fatigue strength, flight loads, and the aircraft usage spectrum. In contrast to the thousands of engineering hours typically spent quantifying component strength and loads through full scale laboratory and flight testing, definition of the usage spectrum has traditionally relied on legacy specifications, pilot surveys, and rotorcraft original equipment manufacturer (OEM) historical knowledge of rotorcraft usage. Significant and largely untapped value lies in the application of HUMS recorded flight parameter data and regime recognition (RR) algorithms to monitor fleet wide usage metrics and to support development of a data driven usage spectrum that maintains the intended conservatism of the original usage spectrum. This paper presents the methods and tools that were used to determine actual fleet usage rates for one very significant and easy to detect damaging regime for the S-92® main rotor blade using 700,000 flight hours of S-92® rotorcraft fleet HUMS data. The calculated retirement time (CRT) based on this updated usage demonstrated that the main rotor blade can be safely extended from a retirement time of 22,000 to >30,000 hours.
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Athey, Robert D. "Corrosion Inhibitive Water Borne Coating Successes and Formulation Tips." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90472.
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Abstract Although the latex manufacturers have been promoting water borne coatings for many years, the actual successful usage only appeared within the past ten years or so. Several examples of successful usage are shown in aggressive environments, with commentary on the inappropriateness of nominally "accelerated weathering" test systems. Some of the evolution of the water borne polymers to achieve successes has been through formulation changes where minor components addition/deletion brought about large performance advances. Among the experiential formulation tips offered are substitution of volatile bases for "fixed" bases (alkali), and elimination of chloride/sulfate.
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Hull, Jason, Mark Davis, Roberto Semidey, Jeffrey Monaco, Raymond Beale, and Mark Glucksman-Glaser. "Regime Recognition Accuracy." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12076.
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Accurate characterization of fleet and vehicle usage spectrums would allow component retirement times to be based on actual aircraft usage rather than on an assumed worst case usage spectrum used in a traditional time-based maintenance approach. A key enabling technology for such a Usage or Condition Based Maintenance (UBM/CBM) program is Regime Recognition (RR). In general, production RR algorithms with the required accuracy have not been fielded, in part because of the challenges associated with Verification and Validation (V&V). The multi-class classifier analysis methods and associated visualizations presented herein address the need to maximize the utility of available data and rigorously perform V&V of RR algorithms and software. The resultant methods clearly show the performance range that can be expected when an RR code is deployed to the fleet, and provide a single accuracy metric that highlights error characteristics that are most important to a UBM/CBM program.
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Harrigan, Matt. "Criticality Determination of HUMS Applications for Life-Adjustment." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1102.
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Health and Usage Monitoring Systems installed on modern rotorcraft can be used for substantiating component life extensions leveraging actual loads and usage information, reducing uncertainty from assumed loads and usage. One challenge inhibiting fielding such extensions is lack of clearly defined methodology to robustly determine the criticality of the HUMS application. This paper proposes a semi-quantifiable methodology for determining criticality. It is applicable to both loads- and usage-based approaches for part-number-level life adjustments. The approach relies on baseline component design data and is independent of HUMS data to eliminate the possibility of a HUMS errors affecting the bounding criticality assigned to the application. It takes into account the specifics of the component, including the SN working curve, relevant component failure mode severity, and validated compensating provisions that either reduces the likelihood of the component failure mode and/or provides significant "hidden" conservatism not explicitly considered in the assigned uncompensated component failure severity level.
Reports on the topic "Actual Usage"
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Livensperger, Carolyn. Vegetation and Soil Trends, Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area, 2011–2022. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2309325.
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In 2011, the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) began long-term monitoring of vegetation and soils in upland communities at Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (BLCA) and Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE). Managers wanted to understand conditions in sagebrush shrublands, aspen forests, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and Gambel oak shrublands. These four vegetation types are associated with a range of management concerns. These include suitable habitat conditions for the threatened Gunnison sage-grouse, planning for livestock grazing management, responses to disturbances (e.g., fire, plant diseases, and insect pests), wild ungulate usage and community responses to different climate conditions. The primary goals of monitoring are to track the status of these vegetation types and identify trends that describe changes over time. Status and trend of vegetation and soil indicators were analyzed for the 2011 – 2022 monitoring period. Key findings from this analysis are: 1) In both grazed and ungrazed sagebrush shrublands, total grass cover was stable. However, in grazed sagebrush, native perennial grasses decreased over time while non-native perennial grasses increased. 2) Most elements of Gunnison sage-grouse structural habitat guidelines were within recommended ranges in both grazed and ungrazed sagebrush shrublands; however, forb cover was lower than recommended. 3) Native perennial grass cover, primarily cool-season grasses, decreased in three of four vegetation types. Aspen forests were the only vegetation type with stable grass cover. 4) Pinyon-juniper woodlands maintained stable density and cover of overstory trees, saplings, and seedlings. Non-native plant cover was low and non-native plant frequency decreased. However, native perennial grass cover also decreased. 5) Aspen forests are in decline. Overstory trees and saplings experienced mortality and decreased canopy closure. Non-native plants, primarily perennial species, had high but stable cover. 6) Gambel oak shrublands show resistance to change. Gambel oak and other shrub cover and density remained stable over time but native perennial grasses decreased. 7) Actual evapotranspiration and water deficit predicted vegetation and soil response well. Water deficit or actual evapotranspiration in June, the month with lowest precipitation, was associated with declines in native perennial grasses in sagebrush shrublands, Gambel oak shrublands, and pinyon-juniper woodlands. Future changes in these water balance variables will influence conditions in all vegetation types.
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Rainville, E., James Thomson, Melissa Moulton, and Morteza Derakhti. DUNEX MicroSWIFT Drifters. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46644.
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The University of Washington Applied Physics Lab team collected these data using microSWIFT wave buoys at the USACE Field Research Facility as part of the USCRP funded project DUNEX (During Nearshore Events Experiment). The files contain both directly measured and computed quantities from the drifting wave buoys. The collection and processing of these data is explained in the github repository at https://github.com/SASlabgroup/DUNEXMainExp along with examples of how these data can be used. The link to the actual data files is https://chldata.erdc.dren.mil/thredds/catalog/frf/projects/Dunex/UW_drifters/catalog.html
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Garabato, Natalia, and Magdalena Ramada. Are Uruguayan Housing Policies Reaching the Poor?: An Assessment of Housing Deficit, Housing Informality and Usage of Housing Programs in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011333.
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This document surveys the Uruguayan housing market, first describing the main housing programs and policies, then comparing their design with households' characteristics and needs. The document additionally measures Uruguay's housing deficit, using the basis deficit as well as quantitative and qualitative deficits, and provides a definition of housing informality that captures most irregular housing situations, thus delineating the size and attributes of the informal housing market. Considering both the housing deficit and informality permits an understanding of which population segments have the most urgent housing needs and whether they are currently eligible for participation in housing programs. Finally, the study considers how many households eligible for housing programs actually make use of them.
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Gerst, Michael D. A Review of Community Resilience Indicators Using a Systems Measurement Framework. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.2300-01.
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As natural disasters have increased in frequency and magnitude, there has been a growing need to understand the underlying factors that are likely to lead to faster recovery and more resilient communities. One way of addressing this need has been to develop sets of indicators or indicator indices that serve as proxy measurements for resilience, which is an emergent system property and cannot be directly measured. Since the application of indicators can have profound effects on community well-being, it is important that indicator selection involves stakeholders and is based on the best available science. Previous reviews of resilience indicator frameworks have attempted to gauge the state of science used for indicator selection by looking for consensus of indicator choices across different frameworks. Using a novel categorization methodology based in systems science, this study reviews a small set of resilience frameworks for indicator consensus. Compared to previous reviews, this methodology allows for a distinction between consensus of concepts and consensus of indicators to measure concepts. Our results show two new insights. First, common usage of an indicator does not mean that agreement exists on what the indicator is actually measuring. Second, even if there is agreement on what concepts are measured by an indicator, it is not guaranteed that this consensus is backed by high quality evidence. These results call into question the practice of reviewing many frameworks to identify common indicators during model development, and instead point to the need for more detailed assessment of background evidence and indicator validation.
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FONTECAVE, Marc, Sébastien CANDEL, and Thierry POINSOT. L'hydrogène aujourd'hui et demain. Académie des sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62686/5.
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Les perspectives offertes par l’hydrogène dans le cadre de la transition énergétique et de la décarbonation du système énergétique constituent un sujet d’actualité majeur. Des sources d’hydrogène naturel ont été repérées en divers points du globe. Mais, à l’heure actuelle, il n’est pas possible de donner une estimation du potentiel en énergie primaire de ces sources, ni d’évaluer les capacités d’exploitation correspondantes. Les explorations doivent être poursuivies. L’hydrogène aujourd’hui disponible n’est pas une source d’énergie primaire mais un vecteur énergétique, produit à partir de ressources fossiles pour une utilisation essentiellement industrielle (raffinage du pétrole et synthèse d’ammoniac). Demain, il faudra décarboner cet hydrogène et l’utiliser plus largement pour d’autres applications industrielles (notamment pour diminuer l’empreinte carbone de la production d’acier et du ciment) et pour la mobilité lourde. Étant donné que la production de l’hydrogène doit principalement être guidée par le gain de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, ce présent rapport vise à définir ce qu’est l’hydrogène dit décarboné, qui doit prévaloir sur tout hydrogène carboné. Il s’agira ainsi de préciser comment il est produit, de mieux identifier quels pourraient être, à l’avenir, ses usages les plus appropriés, et de recommander un niveau raisonnable de consommation d’hydrogène, notamment en prenant en compte les besoins induits en termes de production d’énergie électrique, qui seront considérables . La production d’hydrogène par électrolyse de l’eau, qui apparaît comme un élément clé en termes d’émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), n’est décarbonée que si l’électricité utilisée est effectivement bas carbone (nucléaire ou renouvelable), ce qui est loin d’être le cas en Europe ou dans le monde. Pour le moment, l’électricité au niveau du mix européen est très largement carbonée et son utilisation pour alimenter les électrolyseurs conduirait à des émissions de CO2 deux fois supérieures à celles du procédé de synthèse classique à partir du méthane. Avec un mix électrique remarquablement bas carbone, la France dispose d’un atout majeur pour jouer un rôle pionnier dans le déploiement de l’hydrogène décarboné, à condition que les nouvelles capacités de production électrique nécessaires soient rapidement disponibles et elles-mêmes bas carbone. L’analyse réalisée souligne l’importance de l’enjeu de compétitivité industrielle constitué par la mise au point d’électrolyseurs disposant des meilleures performances possibles, au service d’une souveraineté énergétique nationale. L’effort dans ce domaine mérite d’être soutenu par une recherche scientifique et technologique sur l’efficacité énergétique des électrolyseurs et des piles à combustible, les questions de réduction de l’empreinte environnementale de ses éléments, l’amélioration de leur stabilité et de leur durée de vie, et, plus généralement, tous les éléments de la chaîne de valeur (réservoirs, nouveaux matériaux, matériaux et molécules de stockage et transport de l’hydrogène, etc.). Le rapport met également en évidence la nécessité de guider les choix et les développements par des analyses de cycles de vie effectuées sur l’ensemble de la chaîne de valeur. Les questions de sécurité soulevées par l’utilisation de l’hydrogène sont majeures. Il est absolument nécessaire de les traiter avec attention, et des connaissances scientifiques et technologiques nouvelles sont indispensables pour définir des applications sûres de l’hydrogène. En particulier, pour les applications envisagées en dehors des espaces industriels, il faudra s’assurer que les protocoles et les règlements restent compatibles avec leur diffusion. L’analyse des usages futurs de l’hydrogène décarboné indique que, dans un premier temps, les applications devraient être principalement faites dans : (i) le domaine industriel, en particulier pour défossiliser les procédés industriels les plus émetteurs de gaz à effet de serre (notamment la production d’acier et de ciment) et pour remplacer l’hydrogène gris dans les usages industriels actuels (synthèse de l’ammoniac et du méthanol) ; (ii) le domaine des transports lourds (maritime ou aérien), notamment en permettant la synthèse de carburants alternatifs pour remplacer les combustibles fossiles actuels.
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PR-472-144505-R02 Development of Guidance on Subsea Launchers and Receivers. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010035.
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Various subsea pig launching and receiving systems have been designed and built, and some of these have seen actual usage offshore. However, subsea pig launching / receiving on pipeline systems that have been in service remains rare, and there are concerns in the industry regarding the safety, operational reliability, technical complexity and environmental impact of subsea pig launching / receiving. This may have a negative effect on overall integrity management and maintenance strategies for subsea pipeline systems, and thus may lead to greater likelihood of pipeline failures. As a minimum, it causes a great deal of uncertainty in risk assessments. This document aims to provide guidance on the various aspects of a subsea pig launch-ing/receiving campaign, from conception to execution. This includes describing industry best practices for each phase of the project life cycle (design, execution, operation), as well as general project contracting and project management.