Relevant bibliographies by topics / Actuator

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Actuator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Actuator"

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Chen, Tiegang, Yan Ke, Shengbin Qiu, Jun Jiang, Qiang Zhang, and Xiaoyong Zhang. "A novel non-embedded, adjustable, and flexible shape memory alloy actuator for variable-area exhaust nozzle actuation." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 025009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127942.

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The actuator is a fundamental component for a variable-area exhaust nozzle. Conventional actuators for variable-area exhaust nozzles are hydraulic actuators and electric motors. However, they are heavy, large, and structurally complex. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are light, small, structurally simple, and have unique advantages not found in conventional actuators. However, SMA actuators occupy a large space in the radial direction and cannot be fixed to surfaces with different radii of curvature. Moreover, once designed, the actuating displacement of the actuator cannot be adjusted. To solve this problem, this study develops a novel non-embedded, adjustable, and flexible SMA actuator for variable-area exhaust nozzle actuation. An analytical model is presented to predict mechanical performance. Subsequently, experiments of this flexible SMA actuator are conducted to study the mechanical performance. A proof-of-concept, variable-area exhaust nozzle of the aeroengine is designed, fabricated, and tested to obtain the properties of the exhaust nozzle that are actuated by the flexible SMA actuator. In the experiments, the movement trajectory of the exhaust nozzle is captured using an image recognition technique, and the area changes of the exhaust nozzle are calculated. The results show that the actuator is flexible and can be bent at any angle from −90° to +90°. The actuating displacement of the flexible SMA actuator can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of hinged units. In addition, the area change of the exhaust nozzle is 64.4%, exceeding the largest area change of 40% in previous studies on SMA-actuated exhaust nozzles.
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Rao, K. Venkata, S. Raja, and T. Munikenche Gowda. "On the Actuation Authority of Adaptive Sandwich Beam with Composite Actuators: Coupled Finite Element Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.332.

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A two noded active sandwich beam element is formulated by employing layerwise Timoshenko’s beam theory. Displacement continuity conditions are imposed between different layers of the sandwich. This element is used to model an adaptive sandwich beam with macro-fiber composite (MFC) as extension actuator and shear actuated fiber composite (SAFC) as shear actuator. Influence of thickness and volume fraction of the active fiber (PZT-5A and single crystal PMN-PT) in the composite actuators on the actuation performance of the sandwich beam is investigated. Based on several numerical experiments, it is found that the PMN-PT based shear actuators give maximum actuation authority for the volume fraction of the fibers in the range of 80%-85%, whereas in case of PZT-5A based shear actuators the actuation authority remains maximum for the fiber volume fractions 80% and above.
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Elsherif, AR, M. I. Awad, S. A. Maged, and A. Ramzy. "Design and development of dual-acting soft actuator for assistance and rehabilitation of finger flexion and extension." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2299, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2299/1/012012.

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Abstract The powerfulness of Soft robotic systems is relied to the safe performance. In addition to other advantages: the flexibility and deformability. Developing an assistive tool for Hand rehabilitation through soft pneumatic actuated hand gloves is an improved and suitable way for helping post stroke subjects. The Pneumatic network (Pneu-Net) actuators are soft actuators composed of pneumatic chambers actuates when pressurised with air. Dual acting soft pneumatic Pneu-Net actuator is developed as a part for building the glove, the actuator is designed for assisting both finger flexion and extension motions. Pneumatic network (Pneu-net) actuator is developed and design geometry effect is studied, mainly the influence of the dual actuators on each other in addition to the effect of the number of air chambers per each actuator. Design selection based on the finite element analysis and experimental testing, bending angle and energy efficiency parameters in addition to comfort and safe performance are the main criteria of concern.
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Wang, Shuyu, Zhaojia Sun, Shuaiyang Duan, Yuliang Zhao, Xiaopeng Sha, Shifeng Yu, and Lei Zuo. "A Hydrogel-Based Self-Sensing Underwater Actuator." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101779.

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Soft robots made of hydrogels are suited for underwater exploration due to their biocompatibility and compliancy. Yet, reaching high dexterity and actuation force for hydrogel-based actuators is challenging. Meanwhile, real-time proprioception is critical for feedback control. Moreover, sensor integration to mimic living organisms remains problematic. To address these challenges, we introduce a hydrogel actuator driven by hydraulic force with a fast response (time constant 0.83 s). The highly stretchable and conductive hydrogel (1400% strain) is molded into the PneuNet shape, and two of them are further assembled symmetrically to actuate bi-directionally. Then, we demonstrate its bionic application for underwater swimming, showing 2 cm/s (0.19 BL/s) speed. Inspired by biological neuromuscular systems’ sensory motion, which unifies the sensing and actuation in a single unit, we explore the hydrogel actuator’s self-sensing capacity utilizing strain-induced resistance change. The results show that the soft actuator’s proprioception can monitor the undulation in real-time with a sensitivity of 0.2%/degree. Furthermore, we take a finite-element method and first-order differential equations to model the actuator’s bending in response to pressure. We show that such a model can precisely predict the robot’s bending response over a range of pressures. With the self-sensing actuator and the proposed model, we expect the new approach can lead to future soft robots for underwater exploration with feedback control, and the underlying mechanism of the undulation control might offer significant insights for biomimetic research.
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Liu, Y.-T., and C.-K. Wang. "A study of the characteristics of a one-degree-of-freedom positioning device using spring-mounted piezoelectric actuators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 9 (May 22, 2009): 2017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1422.

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This article presents the actuating performance of a one-degree-of-freedom (DOF) positioning device using spring-mounted piezoelectric (PZT) actuators. To employ a spring with a preset compression, the operational range of a PZT actuator could be simply enlarged, and a sliding table actuated by PZT impact force might feature long stroke and high-precision positioning ability. An experimental set-up consisting of two spring-mounted PZT actuators was configured to examine the actuating characteristics. According to experimental results, a sliding table with a heavy mass of 172 g could be actuated to move with a step motion ranging from 15 nm to 81 μm by only one single actuation of the PZT actuator, and with a maximum travelling speed of 3.47 mm/s by continuous actuation. In addition to experimental examinations, a dynamic model was established and verified as effective in describing the actuating behaviours through numerical examinations.
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Khazravi, M., and A. A. Dehghani-Sanij. "Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator Behaviour in Two Novel Configurations." Advances in Science and Technology 61 (September 2008): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.61.163.

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IPMCs are one of the most promising smart actuators to replace traditional actuators for some specific applications particularly in the micro-nano scales. IPMC actuator’s shape and configuration have a dramatic effect on the actuation parameters. While the behaviour of IPMCs as a single fixed end strip actuator (cantilever) has been widely studied since the early 80’s, its behaviour in other configurations is relatively unknown. This paper presents work carried out in order to reconfigure these actuators for some new applications. The first configuration is when both ends of an IPMC actuator strip are fully constrained, in both the actuator plane and the normal direction. In this case the displacement and force measurements at the mid point of the strip are presented. The results of a series of experiments show the behaviour of the actuator in this configuration and using these results some models have been proposed. The second configuration is when only one end of the strip is fixed and the other end is constrained in the normal direction with respect to the plane of the actuator strip. A series of experiments were also carried out to explore the IPMC actuator behaviour in terms of maximum displacement and force generated in this configuration. The behaviour of the IPMC actuator in these two configurations is also investigated by studying the internal stresses in the IPMC structure.
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Liang, Kang, Chong Li, Yujian Tong, Jiwen Fang, and Wei Zhong. "Design of a Low-Frequency Harmonic Rotary Piezoelectric Actuator." Actuators 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10010004.

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Piezoelectric actuators usually operate under a high frequency driving signal. Here we report a harmonic rotating piezoelectric actuator by coupling a harmonic wave generator and a friction rotor, in which the actuator can be actuated by a low-frequency sinusoidal signal with positive bias. The harmonic wave is generated by a two-stage magnifying mechanism consisting of a displacement amplifier and a harmonic rod. Applying piezoelectricity theory, the actuator’s output characteristic equations are deduced. What is more, the output characteristics of piezoelectric actuators are tested with the established experimental system. Results show that the generated harmonic displacements can drive the actuator to work normally at a driving voltage of larger than 90 V and the maximum total harmonic displacement of the piezoelectric actuator comes up to 427.6 μm under the driving voltage of 150 V. Meanwhile, the error between the measured and calculated values of the harmonic displacement is less than 7%. Furthermore, the rotational speed of the piezoelectric actuator reaches 5.45 rpm/min at 150 V voltage and 5 Hz driving frequency.
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Lee, Jae Hoon, Bum Soo Yoon, Ji-Won Park, Gunho Song, and Kwang Joon Yoon. "Flexural Deflection Prediction of Piezo-Composite Unimorph Actuator Using Material Orthotropy and Nonlinearity of Piezoelectric Material Layer." Coatings 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050437.

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Layered piezo-composite unimorph actuators have been studied by many research teams to provide active vibration control of thin-walled aerospace structures, control the shapes of aircraft wing airfoils, and control the fins of small missiles, because they require less space and provide better frequency responses than conventional electro-magnetic motor actuator systems. However, due to the limited actuation strains of conventional piezo-composite unimorph actuators with poly-crystalline piezoelectric ceramic layers, they have not been implemented effectively as actuators for small aerospace vehicles. In this study, a lightweight piezo-composite unimorph actuator (LIPCA-S2) was manufactured and analyzed to predict its flexural actuation displacement. It was found that the actuated tip displacement of a piezo-composite cantilever could be predicted accurately using the proposed prediction model based on the nonlinear properties of the piezoelectric strain coefficient and elastic modulus of a piezoelectric single crystal.
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Sun, Wenjie, Bin Zhao, and Fei Zhang. "Design Analysis and Actuation Performance of a Push-Pull Dielectric Elastomer Actuator." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15041037.

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Dielectric elastomer actuation has been extensively investigated and applied to bionic robotics and intelligent actuators due to its status as an excellent actuation technique. As a conical dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) structure extension, push-pull DEA has been explored in controlled acoustics, microfluidics, and multi-stable actuation due to its simple fabrication and outstanding performance. In this paper, a theoretical model is developed to describe the electromechanical behavior of push-pull DEA based on the force balance of the mass block in an actuator. The accuracy of the proposed model is experimentally validated by employing the mass block in the construction of the actuator as the object of study. The actuation displacement of the actuator is used as the evaluation indication to investigate the effect of key design parameters on the actuation performance of the actuator, its failure mode, and critical failure voltage. A dynamic actuator model is proposed and used with experimental data to explain the dynamic response of the actuator, its natural frequency, and the effect of variables. This work provides a strong theoretical background for dielectric elastomer actuators, as well as practical design and implementation experience.
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Huang, Yan, Fang Wang, Liying Qian, Xiuhua Cao, Beihai He, and Junrong Li. "A fast-response electroactive actuator based on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 025005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac4037.

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Abstract Cellulose-based electroactive actuators are promising candidates for biomimetic robots and biomedical applications due to their lightweight, high mechanical strength, and natural abundance. However, cellulose-based electroactive actuators exhibit lower actuation performance than traditional conductive polymer actuators. This work reports a fast-response cellulose-based electroactive actuator based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized nanocellulose (TOCNF) film with layered structure fabricated by evaporation, and gold electrodes prepared by ion sputtering. The residual ions during the TEMPO oxidation process and the layered structure due to self-assembly accelerate the ion migration efficiency in actuators. The proposed actuator can reach a tip displacement of 32.1 mm at a voltage of 10 V and deflect 60° in 5 s. After applying a reverse 10 V voltage, the actuator can also be quickly deflected (42.5 mm). In addition, the actuator also shows high electrical actuation performance at low voltage (5 V). The excellent electroactive performance of as-prepared TOCNF/Au enables the feasibility to be applied to actuators.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Actuator"

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MacNair, David Luke. "Modeling cellular actuator arrays." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50259.

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This work explores the representations and mathematical modeling of biologically-inspired robotic muscles called Cellular Actuator Arrays. These actuator arrays are made of many small interconnected actuation units which work together to provide force, displacement, robustness and other properties beyond the original actuator's capability. The arrays can also exhibit properties generally associated with biological muscle and can thus provide test bed for research into the interrelated nature of the nervous system and muscles, kinematics/dynamics experiments to understand balance and synergies, and building full-strength, safe muscles for prosthesis, rehabilitation, human force amplification, and humanoid robotics. This thesis focuses on the mathematical tools needed bridge the gap between the conceptual idea of the cellular actuator array and the engineering design processes needed to build physical robotic muscles. The work explores the representation and notation needed to express complex actuator array typologies, the mathematical modeling needed to represent the complex dynamics of the arrays, and properties to guide the selection of arrays for engineering purposes. The approach is designed to aid automation and simulation of actuator arrays and provide an intuitive base for future controls and physiology work. The work is validated through numerical results using MatLab's SimMechanics dynamic modeling system and with three physical actuator arrays built using solenoids and shape memory alloy actuators.
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Potami, Raffaele. "Optimal sensor/actuator placement and switching schemes for control of flexible structures." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042808-124333/.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: hybrid system, PZT actuators, performance enchancement, actuator placement, actuator switching. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-108).
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Bahrami, Sanaz. "Low-Profile Polymer Actuator Fabrication for Spastic Hand Exoskeletons." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37953.

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Spasticity is a neurological impairment that presents itself in the form of a continuous muscle contraction, with the key motor deficit being impaired hand function. Hand exoskeleton technologies play a vital role in the therapeutic rehabilitation of this condition. The optimal design of these devices is currently a challenge due to the limited availability of actuation devices that are light weight, portable, and aesthetically pleasing. Natural muscles have many favourable characteristics, such as their high power-to-weight ratio, efficient energy conversion, and fast actuation times. Unfortunately, traditional systems such as pneumatics muscles and electromagnetic motors have yet to attain similar properties. These traditional actuators exhibit hysteretic performance, high manufacturing cost, low stroke, and limited cycle life. In recent years a new category of actuators has been developed from highly twisted and coiled low-cost nylon fibres such as fishing line and conductive sewing thread. These muscles produce a high specific work per cycle with a reversible contraction. This thesis develops and tests these twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) actuators using various nylon and polyethylene polymers in order to establish a foundation for their implementation as a novel actuation device in a spastic hand exoskeleton. An initial comprehensive experimental evaluation of several nylon fibres is completed by attempting to reproduce the work of previous researchers. Subsequently, the information obtained is taken and adapted to the development of UHMWPE TCPs and other types of nylon monofilament. This thesis characterizes the contractility and force output of these novel actuation devices.
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Du, Xinli. "High redundancy actuator." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12232.

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High Redundancy Actuation (HRA) is a novel type of fault tolerant actuator. By comprising a relatively large number of actuation elements, faults in the elements can be inherently accommodated without resulting in a failure of the complete actuation system. By removing the possibility of faults detection and reconfiguration, HRA can provide high reliability and availability. The idea is motivated by the composition of human musculature. Our musculature can sustain damage and still function, sometimes with reduced performance, and even complete loss of a muscle group can be accommodated through kinematics redundancy, e.g. the use of just one leg. Electro-mechanical actuation is used as single element inside HRA. This thesis is started with modelling and simulation of individual actuation element and two basic structures to connect elements, in series and in parallel. A relatively simple HRA is then modelled which engages a two-by-two series-in-parallel configuration. Based on this HRA, position feedback controllers are designed using both classical and optimal algorithms under two control structures. All controllers are tested under both healthy and faults injected situations. Finally, a hardware demonstrator is set up based simulation studies. The demonstrator is controlled in real time using an xPC Target system. Experimental results show that the HRA can continuously work when one element fails, although performance degradation can be expected.
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Vandehey, N. T., and J. P. O\'Neil. "Automated stopcock actuator." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-166258.

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Introduction We have developed a low-cost stopcock valve actuator for radiochemistry automation built using a stepper motor and an Arduino, an open-source single-board microcontroller. The con-troller hardware can be programmed to run by serial communication or via two 5–24 V digital lines for simple integration into any automation control system. This valve actuator allows for automated use of a single, disposable stopcock, providing a number of advantages over stopcock manifold systems available on many commercial radiochemistry rigs or over using solenoid valves. This actuator allows for the use a wide variety of stopcocks, ranging in size, shape and material, giving flexibility to be used in a large variety of applications. Material and Methods The actuated valve consists of two main parts, the actuator and the control electronics. The actuator consists of a stepper motor, an infrared ‘home position’ sensor, a stopcock backplate, and a coupler from the driveshaft to stopcock handle. The stepper motor is a NEMA-17 size that runs 200 steps/rotation with a 5mm drive shaft. The coupler is an interchangeable part, custom to each stopcock model, with each part drilled out to fit the motor drive shaft and milled out for a tight fit to the stopcock handle. The backplane consists of a plate offset from the motor body with 5 screws positioned to keep the stopcock body from rotating relative to the motor. A reflective optical sensor (Vishay TCRT1000) is used as a limit switch to determine a ‘home’ position for the stopcock. With a slight modification to most any stopcock in cutting off a tab that limits rotation, the handle can rotate 360°. This allows for opening all three ports to each other, which has been done to all stopcocks used with this actuator. The control electronics consist of an Arduino Uno board and a motor shield (add-on board), connecting to the actuator by an Ethernet cable. The motor shield functions to interface the low-power Arduino circuitry with a high power H-bridge motor driver circuit. The Arduino runs two sets of code, initialization and its loop. The initialization routine runs when power is first powered up, and then continues to run the loop. The initialization routine rotates the valve until the IR limit switch is activated, and rotates an-other 45° from position home, sealing off all ports on the stopcock. Following initialization, the Arduino enters its loop, which repeatedly compares its current position to its target posi-tion. When the target position and current posi-tion do not match, the stepper motor turns in the shortest direction towards its target position. The hardware can be interfaced by either serial communication or by two 5–24V digital signals defining positions 1–4. The wide range of allowed input signal voltages is realized by using an optocoupler that accepts 5–24 V inputs but outputs TTL signals compatible with the Arduino’s hardware. Results and Conclusion A photo of the implementation of the actuator is shown in FIGURE 1. It has overall dimensions of 3.5×1.75×2.5”, excluding a mounting bracket. Control electronics are housed in a compact box built for an Arduino, giving the control electron-ics a clean, professional look. Challenges in de-sign included determining a maximum motor speed where the motor would provide enough torque but yet move fast enough to be useful, finding that rotational speed of 6 seconds/full rotation is best.
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Braff, Rebecca A. (Rebecca Alice). "Microbubble cell actuator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38276.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92).
The field of microsystems technology is rapidly growing, and expanding its horizons to applications in bioengineering. Currently, there are no cell analysis systems that facilitate the collection of dynamic responses for a large number of cells, and sorting based on those results. A cell chip has been fabricated in pursuit of this goal, which can capture particles in an array, hold them against a flow, and selectively release them. The release mechanism uses a vapor microbubble as a means of volume expansion to create a jet of fluid that ejects a particle. The theory, design, and testing are described, and successful operation of the device is demonstrated. Applications and suggestions for future work are discussed.
by Rebecca A. Braff.
S.M.
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Larsson, Felix, and Christian Johansson. "Digital hydraulic actuator for flight control." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fluida och mekatroniska system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165262.

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In aviation industry, one of the most important aspects is weight savings. This since with a lowered weight, the performance of the aircraft can be increased together with increased fuel savings and thus lowered running costs. One way of saving weight is to reduce energy consumption, since with lowered energy consumption, lowered mass of fuel is required etc. Most aircraft are today maneuvered with hydraulic systems due to its robustness and power density. It is the primary source of power for primary and secondary flight controls. The control of a conventional system which is using proportional valves is done by altering flow by restricting it to the extent where the desired output is achieved, which implies heat losses since the full performance of its supply is wasted through the valve. In previous research, more energy efficient hydraulic systems called digital hydraulics has been investigated. In difference with conventional hydraulics, digital hydraulics uses low cost, high frequency on/off valves, which either are fully opened, or fully closed, instead of proportional valves to achieve the desired output. With this comes the benefit of no energy losses due to leakage and restriction control. The downsides with digital hydraulics is the controlabillity. One way of controlling it is by using several pressure sources which outputs different pressure levels. By using the on/off valves in different combinations, different outputs can be achieved in a discrete manner. In this thesis, the aim was to remove the impact of the discrete force steps which are present in digital hydraulics by creating concepts with hybrid solutions containing both digital hydraulics and restrictive control. Three concepts were developed and investigated using simulation. The energy consumption and performance was analysed and compared with a reference model, the concepts redundancy compared to conventional systems was discussed and finally the concepts were tested with an aircraft simulation model. The concepts were found to reduce the energy consumption with different magnitude depending on the load cycle. The performance was found to be almost as good as the reference model. The redundancy compared with conventional systems should be possible to maintain with slight modifications, but further investigation is needed. It was found that one of the most important aspects regarding energy consumption is which combination of supply pressures is used to supply the system since it influences leakage and flow due to compression.
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Isik, Sinem. "Flight Control System Design For An Over Actuated Uav Against Actuator Failures." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611652/index.pdf.

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This thesis describes the automatic flight control systems designed for a conventional and an over actuated unmanned air vehicle (UAV). A nonlinear simulation model including the flight mechanics equations together with the interpolated nonlinear aerodynamics, environmental effects, mass-inertia properties, thrust calculations and actuator dynamics is created
trim and linearization codes are developed. Automatic flight control system of the conventional UAV is designed by using both classical and robust control methods. Performances of the designs for full autonomous flight are tested through nonlinear simulations for different maneuvers in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances in the aircraft model. The fault tolerant control of an over actuated UAV is the main concern of the thesis. The flight control system is designed using classical control techniques. Two static control allocation methods are examined: Moore-Penrose pseudo inverse and blended inverse. For this purpose, an aircraft with three sets of ailerons is employed. It is shown that with redundant control surfaces, fault tolerant control is possible. Although both of the static control allocation methods are found to be quite successful to realize the maneuvers, the new blended inverse algorithm is shown to be more effective in controlling the aircraft when some of the control surfaces are lost. It is also demonstrated that, with redundant control surfaces it is possible to recover the aircraft during a maneuver even some of the control surfaces are damaged or got stuck at a particular deflection.
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Barragán, Patrick R. "An efficient drive, sensing, and actuation system using PZT stack actuator cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70462.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).
The PZT cellular actuator developed in the MIT d'Arbeloff Laboratory utilizes small-strain, high-force PZT stack actuators in a mechanical flexure system to produce a larger-strain, lower-force actuator useful in robotic systems. Many functionalities for these cellular actuators are developed which can have great impact on robotic systems and actuation itself. After initial exploration into other possible circuitry, a circuit is designed to recovery unused energy for the PZT cells. The circuit design is formed around a proposed method of distributed actuation using PZT cells which imposes that different PZT cells will be activated during different periods such that the charge from some cells can be transferred to others. If the application allows actuation which can conform to this criteria, the developed circuit can be used which, without optimization, can save ~41% of the energy used to drive the actuators with a theoretical upper limit on energy efficiency of 100%. A dynamic system consisting of multiple PZT actuators driving a linear gear is analyzed and simulated which can achieve a no load speed 2.4 m/s with minimal actuators. Then, the two-way transforming properties of PZT stack actuators are utilized to allow dual sensing and actuation. This method uses an inactive PZT cell as a sensor. With no additional sensors, a pendulum system driven by antagonistic groups of PZT cells is shown to find its own resonance with no system model. These functionalities of charge recovery, distributed actuation, and dual sensing and actuation set the PZT cellular actuator as an important contribution to robotic actuation and begin to illuminate the possible impacts of the concept. The design and analysis described reveals many possibilities for future applications and developments using the PZT cellular actuator in the fields of actuation and robotics.
by Patrick R. Barragán
S.M.
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Wroble, Daniel G. "Force Fight Study in a Dual Electromechanical Actuator Configuration." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1512641850024148.

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Books on the topic "Actuator"

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Pons, JoséL. Emerging Actuator Technologies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470091991.

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Pons, José L. Emerging Actuator Technologies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005.

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Vikram, Kapila, and Grigoriadis Karolos M, eds. Actuator saturation control. New York: M. Dekker, 2002.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Linear proof mass actuator. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Laboratory, Oak Ridge National, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. Division of Engineering., eds. Valve actuator motor degradation. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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Ulanski, Wayne. Valve and actuator technology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

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Hu, Tingshu, and Zongli Lin. Control Systems with Actuator Saturation. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0205-9.

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M, Taylor Linda, Hansen Irving G, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Status of electrical actuator applications. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. 40 HP electro-mechanical actuator. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Saarinen, Ari. EMFi-actuator: Vibro-acoustical consideration. Espoo [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Actuator"

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Kern, Thorsten A., Henry Haus, Marc Matysek, and Stephanie Sindlinger. "Actuator Design." In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems, 309–429. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04536-3_9.

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AbstractActuators are the most important elements of any haptic device. Their selection or design significantly influences the quality of the haptic impression. This chapter deals with commonly used actuators, organized according to their physical principle of operation. It focuses on the electrodynamic, electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric actuator principles. Each actuator type is discussed in terms of its main physical principles, with examples of sizing and one or more applications. Other, less frequently used actuator principles are mentioned in several examples. The preceding chapters focused on the basics of control engineering and kinematic design. They covered topics of structuring and fundamental character. This and the following chapters deal with the design of technical components as parts of haptic devices. Experience teaches us that actuators for haptic applications can rarely be found “off-the-shelf”. Their requirements always include some outstanding features in rotational frequency, power-density, working point, or geometry. These specialities make it necessary and helpful for users to be aware of the capabilities and possibilities for modifying existing actuators. Hence this chapter addresses both groups of readers: the users who want to choose a certain actuator and the mechanical engineer who intends to design a specific actuator for a certain device from scratch.
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Drossel, Welf Guntram, and Kenny Pagel. "Actuator." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_6520-3.

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Drossel, Welf Guntram, and Kenny Pagel. "Actuator." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 13–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53120-4_6520.

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Drossel, Welf-Guntram. "Actuator." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 9–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20617-7_6520.

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Weik, Martin H. "actuator." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_282.

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Haus, Henry, Thorsten A. Kern, Marc Matysek, and Stephanie Sindlinger. "Actuator Design." In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems, 253–371. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6518-7_9.

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Ihara, Tadashi, Isao Yada, and Taro Nakamura. "IPMC Actuator." In Next-Generation Actuators Leading Breakthroughs, 245–53. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-991-6_21.

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Asakura, H., H. Nagata, and H. Yamamura. "Monomorph Actuator." In Sintering ’87, 938–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1373-8_158.

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Uchino, Kenji. "Actuator Materials." In Micro Mechatronics, 1–128. Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. |Includes biblographical references and index.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260308-3.

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Fichter, Walter, and Ramin T. Geshnizjani. "Actuator Commanding." In Principles of Spacecraft Control, 89–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04780-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Actuator"

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Gonzalez, Cody, Shuhua Shan, Mary Frecker, and Christopher Rahn. "1D Shape Matching of a Lithium-Ion Battery Actuator." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67508.

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Abstract Silicon anodes have been demonstrated to provide significant actuation in addition to energy storage in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This work studies the optimization of 1D unimorph and bimorph actuators to achieve a target shape upon actuation. A 1D shape matching with design optimization is used to estimate the varied charge distribution along the length for a LIB actuator and thereby the effect of distance between electrodes in charging. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used with actuation strain distribution as the design variable. The objective of the optimization is to shape-match by minimizing the shape error between a target shape and actuated shape, both defined by several points along the length. The approach is experimentally validated by shape matching a notched unimorph target shape. A shape error of 1.5% is obtained. An optimized unimorph converges to an objective function of less than 0.029% of the length at full state of charge (SOC) for a 5-segment beam. A second shape matching case study using a bimorph is investigated to showcase the tailorability of LIB actuators. The optimal bimorph achieves an objective function of less than 0.23% of the length for a design variable set of top and bottom actuation strain of an 8-segment beam. The actuated shape nearly matches the target shape by simultaneously activating top and bottom active layers to achieve the same differential actuation strain (the difference between top and bottom active layer actuation strain). The results show that a bimorph actuator can achieve a given shape while also storing significantly more charge than is necessary to maintain a given complex shape. This demonstrates a strength of energy storage based actuators: excess energy can be stored within the actuator and can be expended without affecting the work done or the shape maintained by the actuator.
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Shafer, Michael W., Heidi P. Feigenbaum, and Diego Ricardo Higueras Ruiz. "A Novel Biomimetic Torsional Actuator Design Using Twisted Polymer Actuators." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3803.

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Artificial muscle systems have the potential to impact many technologies ranging from advanced prosthesis to miniature robotics. Recently, it has been shown that twisting drawn polymer monofilaments, such as nylon fishing line or sewing thread, can result in a biomimetic thermally activated torsional actuator. The actuation phenomenon in these twisted polymer actuators (TPAs) is thought to be a result of an untwisting that occurs about the fiber’s axis due to an anisotropic thermal expansion. Before being twisted, the precursor fibers are comprised of polymer chains that are aligned axially. During fabrication of TPAs, the polymer chains reorient as the precursor fiber is twisted about the central axis of the monofilament. At the end of the fabrication process, the TPA is annealed in order to relieve internal stresses and to keep the fiber in the twisted configuration. The mechanism of untwisting actuation is generally thought to be a result of radial expansion and axial contraction. After being twisted, these radial and axial expansion relationships remain relatively unchanged, but the polymer chain direction is no longer axially aligned. Thus, upon heating the twisted fibers of the TPA, the fibers untwist and torsional actuation occurs. This actuation phenomenon has been used in the past to create linear actuators, but can also be use directly as a torsional actuator. Compared to other torsional actuators TPAs are low cost, lightweight, and can actuate reasonably high torques per unit volume. However, because TPAs are thermally activated, they may not be suitable for all applications. In this work, we present a novel TPA design for use as a torsional actuator for miniature actuation and artificial muscle applications. Our design bundles twisted monofilaments to increase the torque. Both fabrication and testing methods of the new design are presented. Results for temperature versus torsional displacement under various loads give insights as to how these actuators may be used and the reversibility of the actuation process under different fabrication loads. Additionally, comparisons are made between these bundled actuators and similarly loaded single TPA monofilament actuation.
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Waterfall, Tyler, Kendall Teichert, and Brian Jensen. "Simultaneous On-Chip Sensing and Actuation Using the Thermomechanical In-Plane Microactuator." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34982.

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Many applications in microelectromechanical systems require physical actuation for implementation or operation. On-chip sensors would allow control of these actuators. This paper presents experimental evidence showing that a certain class of thermal actuators can be used simultaneously as an actuator and a sensor to control the actuator’s force or displacement output. By measuring the current and voltage supplied to the actuator, a one-to-one correspondence is found between a given voltage and current and a measured displacement or force. This truly integrated sensor/actuator combination will lead to efficient, on-chip control of motion for applications including microsurgery, biological cell handling, and optic positioning.
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Gonzalez Rodriguez, David, Jose Garcia, and Brittany Newell. "Fully 3D Printed Soft Actuator With Embedded Sensing." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68393.

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Abstract Soft actuators have demonstrated great potential for utilization in many industrial applications due to their ability to be produced in unusual shapes, their capacity to conform within a containing envelope and their large power to displacement ratios. A great majority of these flexible structures are produced by casting processes, since they are generally composed of silicone materials due to their high elasticity and flexibility. Innovative 3-D printing techniques and flexible materials have been explored and utilized to produce soft actuators to overcome this limitation in production. This paper presents a 3-D printed soft actuator with embedded sensing capabilities and the ability to produce a signal based on its actuation position. Computational simulations were done to evaluate the performance of the actuator with embedded sensing to determine the resistance change in the embedded conductive element based on the deformation of the soft actuator. This work demonstrates control to actuate the soft actuator while sensing its deformation using a resistance-based sensor. The entire structure was produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) techniques, in one continuous process without support material.
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Huang, Shih-Lin, Chin-Chou Chu, Chien C. Chang, and Horn-Sen Tzou. "Spatial Electrostrictive Actuation of Circular Cylindrical Tubes." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67997.

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Circular cylindrical shells are common components in aerospace structures and many other engineering systems, e.g., rockets, tubes, piping systems, peristaltic pumps, storage tanks, etc. Electromechanical actuators laminated on the shell surfaces can certainly strengthen the shell when needed. Or, regulated inputs to the surface actuators can introduce prescribed surface waves to control the shell oscillation. This study is to evaluate spatial actuation characteristics of circular cylindrical shells using segmented electrostrictive actuators. Electrostrictive actuations induced by surface laminated electrostrictive actuators are defined first. Governing equations of a hybrid circular cylindrical shell/electrostrictive actuator system are formulated. The total electrostrictive actuation and its contributing circumferential membrane/bending and longitudinal bending components are evaluated with respect to shell modal characteristics, design parameters and control voltages. The actuator’s quadratic behavior only generate a positive control force or moment and thus an actuator patch can suppress (or amplify) the vibration in the positive (or negative) displacement. Accordingly, the quadratic electrostrictive actuation suggests that appropriate input voltage(s) need to be carefully applied to specific actuator(s) or regions in order to control, but not to amplify, the shell oscillations. Based on the spatially distributed modal actuation, generic design guidelines and optimal actuation locations are proposed.
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Pequegnat, A., M. Vlascov, M. Daly, Y. Zhou, and M. I. Khan. "Dynamic Actuation of a Multiple Memory Material Processed Nitinol Linear Actuator." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-4994.

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Shape memory alloys such as Nitinol, which is a group of NiTi alloys composed of nearly equiatomic nickel and titanium, finds increasing applications in many industries because of its unique properties including the shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity. In past work simple linear actuators have been developed using Nitinol wire which are actuated and controlled using resistive heating. However, traditional Nitinol materials are batch processed and a monolithic component only possesses a single set of transformation temperatures, limiting the functionality of the actuator. In this work a linear actuator processed using the novel multiple memory material processing technology is presented showing multiple transformations and dynamic actuation by resistive heating. This dynamically controlled actuation greatly improves the functionality of the Nitinol actuator allowing for the realization of new applications and improved control methods. The different transformation temperatures embedded in the monolithic wire actuator following processing are identified using thermo-analytical analysis and the dynamic application of load and displacement are presented using a custom test set-up.
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Kim, Wonhee, Brent Utter, Jonathan Luntz, Diann Brei, Hanif Muhammad, and Paul Alexander. "Model-Based Shape Memory Alloy Wire Ratchet Actuator Design." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3333.

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Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire ratchet actuators overcome SMA wire strain limitations by accumulating actuation stroke over multiple cycles. The underlying architecture is effective for producing large strokes from a small package, creating continuous rotation or extended displacement, and precise. It also provides discrete positioning with zero-power hold. While there have been several successful implementations of SMA ratchet actuators, most are designed ad-hoc since limited models exist to predict the stroke and force interaction during actuation cycles. Since the SMA wire actuation is highly dependent on the forces experienced through the ratchet mechanism, a model requires the prediction of the force interaction between the rack and pawl teeth along with friction in the device, and of the external force variation over actuation cycles due to the relative position change between the external system and the SMA wire. This paper presents a model-based systematic design methodology for SMA ratchet actuator which actuates position-dependent external systems. A generalized ratchet mechanism and operation sequence is introduced along with a force balance model for both austenite and martensite equilibrium to address the mechanical coupling changes. Analytical kinematic and kineto-static rack and pawl interaction models are reviewed, which feed into the force balance models. The effective stroke is evaluated by subtracting backlash from the SMA wire stroke, found through equilibrium with the mechanism and external system. This effective stroke accumulates to produce the overall actuator motion. A design methodology is suggested along with visualization methods to aid design decisions. Parametric studies expose the effects of design parameters on the SMA ratchet actuator to gain further design insight. This model-based design foundation and parametric understanding enable the synthesis of SMA wire ratchet actuators.
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Yue, Hong-Hao, Gui-Lan Sun, Zong-Quan Deng, and Horn-Sen Tzou. "A New Multi-DOF Photostrictive Actuator for Dynamic Control of Shells: Modeling and Analysis." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68011.

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Based on the photovoltaic effect and the converse piezoelectric effect, the lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) actuator can transform the photonic energy to mechanical strain/stress — the photodeformation effect. This photodeformation process can be further used for non-contact precision actuation and control in various structural, biomedical and electromechanical systems. Although there are a number of design configurations of distributed actuators, e.g., segmentation and shaping, been investigated over the years, this study is to explore a new actuator configuration spatially bonded on the surface of shell structures to broaden the spatial modal controllability. A mathematical model of a new multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) photostrictive actuator configuration is presented first, followed by the photostrictive/shell coupling equations of a cylindrical shell structure laminated with the newly proposed multi-DOF distributed actuator. Distributed microscopic photostrictive actuation and its contributing components are analyzed in the modal domain. Effects of shell’s curvature and actuator’s size are evaluated. Parametric analyses suggest that the new multi-DOF distributed actuator, indeed, provides better performance and control effect to shell actuation and control. This multi-DOF configuration can be further applied to actuation and control of various shell and non-shell structures.
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Pinto, Brian Alphonse, Lars Schiller, and Arthur Seibel. "A Simple Control Strategy for Increasing the Soft Bending Actuator Performance by Using a Pressure Boost." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11410.

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Abstract High-speed actuation of soft actuators requires high source pressure to transfer air as quickly as possible into the actuator. Allowing high source pressure and having the deformation angle as the only control input may allow faster actuation, but there is a risk of bursting when the actuator is prevented from reaching the desired angle, for example, due to an obstacle. The other option to control the actuator’s deformation is based on controlling the pressure. In this paper, we present a simple control strategy that uses an initial pressure boost in a pressure-based PID controller showing the same performance as in angle-based PID control. The performance improvement is demonstrated experimentally on a standard soft bending actuator and a gecko-inspired, climbing soft robot.
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Wu, Chia-Che, Cheng-Chun Lee, G. Z. Cao, and I. Y. Shen. "Effects of Corner Frequency on Bandwidth and Resonance Amplitude in Designing PZT Thin-Film Actuators: An Experimental Demonstration." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79102.

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In the last decade, Lead Zirconate Titanate Oxide (PZT) thin-film actuators have received increasing attention because of their high frequency bandwidth, large actuation strength, fast response, and small size. The PZT film thickness is usually less than several microns as opposed to hundreds of microns for bulk PZT patches that are commercially available. As a result, PZT thin-film actuators pose unique vibration issues that do not appear in actuators with bulk PZT. Two major issues affecting actuator performance are the frequency bandwidth and the resonance amplitude. As an electromechanical device, a PZT thin-film actuator’s bandwidth and resonance amplitude depend not only on the lowest natural frequency ωn of the actuator’s mechanical structure but also on the corner frequency ωc of the actuator’s RC-circuit. For PZT thin-film actuators, the small film thickness implies large film capacitance C and small ωc. When the size of the actuator decreases, frequency ωn increases dramatically. As a result, improper design of PZT thin-film actuators could lead to ωc ≪ ωn substantially reducing the actuator bandwidth and the resonance amplitude. This paper is to demonstrate this phenomenon through calibrated experiments. In the experiments, frequency response functions of a fixed-fixed silicon beam with a 1-μm thick PZT film are measured through use of a laser Doppler vibrometer and a spectrum analyzer. The silicon beam has multiple electrodes with a wide range of resistance R and corner frequency ωc. The experimental results confirm that the actuator bandwidth and resonance amplitude are substantially reduced when ωc ≪ ωn.
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Reports on the topic "Actuator"

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Cain, A. B., G. R. Raman, and E. J. Kerschen. Effective Actuation: High Bandwidth Actuators and Actuator Scaling Laws. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388050.

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Thomas, Ken, Ted Quinn, Jerry Mauck, and Richard Bockhorst. Digital Actuator Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1166051.

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Rediniotis, Othon K. Synthetic Jet Actuation - Modeling, Actuator Development and Application to Separation Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424008.

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Horning, Robert. PolyMEMS Actuator: A Polymer-Based Microelectromechanical (MEMS) Actuator with Macroscopic Action. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408325.

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Kueck, J. D. Valve actuator motor degradation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104305.

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Lilly, John H. Pneumatic Muscle Actuator Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420339.

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Carnal, C. L., J. G. Parrott, T. L. Williams, and J. F. McCormick. Advanced Pneumatic Actuator Control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770549.

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Watson, B. Laser Initiated Actuator study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117464.

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Shang, Joseph J. Simulating Magneto-Aerodynamic Actuator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada476250.

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Bailey, Thomas, Alexander Gruzen, and Paul Madden. RCS/Piezoelectric Distributed Actuator Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201276.

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