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Journal articles on the topic 'Acute and transient psychotic disorders'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Castagnini, Augusto, and Gian Maria Galeazzi. "Acute and transient psychoses: clinical and nosological issues." BJPsych Advances 22, no. 5 (September 2016): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.115.015198.

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SummaryThis article examines the clinical, epidemiological and nosological aspects of short-lived psychotic disorders as currently classified under ‘acute and transient psychotic disorders' in ICD-10 and ‘brief psychotic disorder’ in DSM-5. After describing earlier diagnostic concepts such as bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis, reactive psychosis and schizophreniform psychosis, we present an overview of the literature and discuss implications for classification, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions, pointing out differences from longer-lasting psychotic disorders.
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2

Aleixo, M. A., C. A. Moreira, G. Sobreira, J. Oliveira, and L. Carvalhão Gil. "Atypical psychosis – historical and current perspective." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1298.

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IntroductionClinical concepts regarding atypical psychosis such as the French bouffeé délirante, the German cycloid psychosis, and the Scandinavian reactive and schizophreniform psychoses are now under the category of F23 ‘Acute and transient psychotic disorders’ (ATPD) of the tenth revision of the International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10).AimsThe authors’ aim is to highlight the clinical and scientific relevance of atypical psychosis from the historical concepts to the current perspective.MethodsA Pubmed database search using as keywords “atypical psychosis”, “acute and transient psychotic disorders”, and “brief psychotic disorder” and retrieved papers were selected according to their relevance.ResultsDifferent psychiatric schools, often of a regional or national character, have provided concepts for transient psychotic states. The acute and transient psychotic disorders of ICD-10 and the brief psychotic disorder of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) reflect the diversity of the history of such concepts. The available evidence suggests that case identification and follow-up is difficult in ATPD due to the heterogeneous and infrequent nature of this clinical phenomenon. Furthermore ATPD has a low diagnostic stability and there are few studies focused on brief psychotic disorders.ConclusionsThe present definition of acute and transient psychotic disorders and brief psychotic disorder, while taking into account the history of the concepts involved, leave many questions open to further studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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3

López Díaz, Á., A. Soler Iborte, S. Galiano Rus, J. L. Fernández González, and J. I. Aznarte López. "Clinical manifestations in patients with acute and transient psychosis." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S363—S364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1303.

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IntroductionThe term, acute and transient psychosis, is comprehended as a heterogeneous group of disorders, which share, as a common feature, the abrupt and brief deployment of typical psychotic behaviour, either polymorph, delusional, or schizophreniform. This diversity of symptoms may also be present in other psychotic disorders, for which, some authors question its reliability.ObjetiveTo analyse the clinical manifestations present in acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD), and determine the differences between its different subcategories.MethodRetrospective chart review study of adult patients admitted in our psychiatric unit between 2011 and 2015, with a mean diagnosis of ATPD at hospital discharge. Diagnostic criteria was according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Symptoms were divided under operative procedures, as set out in psychopatologic descriptions. For methodological reasons, statistical analysis was conducted between polymorphic features group (PM) and nonpolymorphic group (NPM). Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test (as appropriate) were performed, using MedCalc software.ResultsThirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with and without symptoms of schizophrenia (39%), acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder (20%), acute predominantly delusional psychotic disorder (23%), other and NOS (18%). There were statistically significant differences between PM and NPM groups in emotional turmoil (>PM, P = 0.0006), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour (>PM, P = 0.0038), and type of onset (sudden >PM, P = 0.0145).ConclusionCurrently, the same concept encompasses two categories (PM and NPM) to be differentiated. The ATPD construct is under review, due its long-term instability.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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4

Lewin, J. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders and puerperal psychosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 5 (November 2006): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.189.5.468.

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5

Rutigliano, Grazia, Sergio Merlino, Amedeo Minichino, Rashmi Patel, Cathy Davies, Dominic Oliver, Andrea De Micheli, Philip McGuire, and Paolo Fusar-Poli. "Long term outcomes of acute and transient psychotic disorders: The missed opportunity of preventive interventions." European Psychiatry 52 (August 2018): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.05.004.

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AbstractBackground:Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD) are characterized by an acute onset and a remitting course, and overlap with subgroups of the clinical high-risk state for psychosis. The long-term course and outcomes of ATPD are not completely clear.Methods:Electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study, including all patients who received a first index diagnosis of ATPD (F23, ICD-10) within the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) National Health Service Trust, between 1 st April 2006 and 15th June 2017. The primary outcome was risk of developing persistent psychotic disorders, defined as the development of any ICD-10 diagnoses of non-organic psychotic disorders. Cumulative risk of psychosis onset was estimated through Kaplan-Meier failure functions (non-competing risks) and Greenwood confidence intervals.Results:A total of 3074 patients receiving a first index diagnosis of ATPD (F23, ICD-10) within SLaM were included. The mean follow-up was 1495 days. After 8-year, 1883 cases (61.26%) retained the index diagnosis of ATPD; the remaining developed psychosis. The cumulative incidence (Kaplan-Meier failure function) of risk of developing any ICD-10 non-organic psychotic disorder was 16.10% at 1-year (95%CI 14.83–17.47%), 28.41% at 2-year (95%CI 26.80–30.09%), 33.96% at 3-year (95% CI 32.25–35.75%), 36.85% at 4-year (95%CI 35.07–38.69%), 40.99% at 5-year (95% CI 39.12–42.92%), 42.58% at 6-year (95%CI 40.67–44.55%), 44.65% at 7-year (95% CI 42.66–46.69%), and 46.25% at 8-year (95% CI 44.17–48.37%). The cumulative risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder at 8-year was 36.14% (95% CI 34.09–38.27%).Conclusions:Individuals with ATPD have a very high risk of developing persistent psychotic disorders and may benefit from early detection and preventive treatments to improve their outcomes.
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López Díaz, Á., S. Galiano Rus, A. Soler Iborte, J. L. Fernández González, and J. I. Aznarte López. "Gender differences in acute and transient psychotic disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1304.

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IntroductionIn the recent decades, there is a growing interest in gender differences in psychotic disorders. Also, in the field of acute and transient psychosis, according to various studies, women seem to have higher prevalence and long-term diagnostic stability.ObjectivesTo determine whether there are gender differences in clinical features of acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD).MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional study in the adult patients with ATPD were admitted between 2011 and 2015 in our acute psychiatric ward. Diagnostic criteria was according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Descriptive and inferential statistic procedures for clinical symptoms and diagnostic subcategories were performed, using the MedCalc software, version 15.8.ResultsThirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Males were (MG) 41%, females (FG) 59%. There were some statistically significant differences between gender in the polymorphic features group (>FG, P = 0.048), and in the presence of acute stress (>FG, P = 0.0277). Length of stay was also different, but without statistical significance (>MG, P = 0.0607). In contrast, symptomatic sets, family history of psychosis, and type of onset (sudden or acute) were similar for both groups.ConclusionsThe gender differences seem to be in favour of a higher prevalence of polymorphic psychotic symptoms, in relation to stressful events in women. Somehow, these factors could be a condition, which would determine a greater diagnostic stability in female patients, even in cases of recurrences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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7

Singh, Swaran P., Tom Burns, Shazad Amin, Peter B. Jones, and Glynn Harrison. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders: precursors, epidemiology, course and outcome." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 6 (December 2004): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.6.452.

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BackgroundICD–10 has introduced the diagnostic group acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPDs; F23). Aims To validate the nosological distinctiveness of ICD–10 ATPDs by following up an inception cohort with first-episode psychosis. Method All patients with first-episode psychosis identified in Nottingham between 1992 and 1994 and diagnosed using ICD–10 criteria were reassessed 3 years later. ATPD outcomes were compared with schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine whether acute onset and early remission predicted favourable 3-year outcome in first-episode psychosis. Results Of 168 cases of first-episode psychosis, 32 (19%) received an intake diagnosis of ATPD. The diagnosis of ATPD was stable in women over 3 years, but not in men. Outcomes in ATPD were better than in schizophrenia and similar to affective psychosis. In non-affective psychoses, favourable outcomes were a function of gender and premorbid functioning rather than acute onset and early remission. Conclusions The ICD–10 criteria for ATPDs identify a diagnostically unstable group of disorders. Acute onset and early remission do not independently predict favourable outcome over 3 years in first-episode psychosis.
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Bardenshteyn, Leonid M., and G. A. Aleshkina. "The particular issues of therapy of acute transient psychotic disorders without symptoms of schizophrenia." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 22, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2016-22-1-22-25.

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The study of clinical dynamical and therapeutic aspects of acute transient psychotic disorders without symptoms of schizophrenia was carried out on sampling of 77 examined patients with psychotic conditions corresponding to diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 for the given group of disorders (F 23.0, F 23.3, F 23.8, F 23.9). The clinical psycho-pathological, clinical catamnesis, psychometric and statistical techniques were applied. The data is presented concerning characteristics of development of acute transient psychotic disorders without symptoms of schizophrenia and also dynamics of psycho-pathologic symptomatic in process of anti-psychotic therapy. It is established that acute transient psychotic disorders revealed tendency to be recurrent in the form of productive psychotic disorders that shows the cause to prescribe supporting therapy after clinical reduction of first psychotic episode.
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9

Bardenshteyn, L., G. Aleshkina, I. Shcherbakova, and N. Beglyankin. "620 – acute and transient psychotic disorders: comparison." European Psychiatry 28 (January 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(13)75881-4.

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10

Marneros, Andreas, F. Pillmann, S. Balzuweit, R. Bl�ink, and A. Haring. "Features of acute and transient psychotic disorders." European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 253, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-003-0420-y.

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11

Shaltout, Taher, Abdulbari Bener, Majid Al Abdullah, Zahra Al Mujalli, and Hany Shaltout. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders in a rapidly developing country, State of Qatar." Medicina 43, no. 7 (November 18, 2006): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43070073.

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Background. Little is known about acute and transient psychotic disorders, which is a diagnostic group, introduced with International Classification of Disease, 10th revision. It is an interesting area of research receiving a lot of attention. Objective. The aim of the study was to find the incidence of acute and transient psychotic disorders in the population and determine its sociodemographic features in the State of Qatar. Design. This is a retrospective descriptive study. Setting. The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry of the Rumaillah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. Methods. All Qatari, non-Qatari Arabs, and expatriate patients who were hospitalized with psychotic disorders in the inpatient wards or treated in the outpatient clinics of the Department of Psychiatry over a 7-year period were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from the medical records of patients. The study was conducted from August 1, 1996, to January 1, 2004, amongst the patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders. The diagnostic classification of definite psychotic disorders was made in accordance with criteria based on the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision (ICD-10). Results. A total of 174 patients were treated during a 7-year period. Among them, 69% were males and 31% females. No cases were found in children aged less than 15 years. The highest frequency (43.7%) was found in the early adulthood (16–29 years of age). The incidence of acute and transient psychotic disorders was higher in the expatriates (66.7%). More than half (63.8%) of the patients were employed. Most of the cases (35.6%) had acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorders (F23.2). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of acute and transient psychotic disorders between males and females, Qatari and non-Qatari Arabs, and single and married. Conclusion. The study found markedly lower incidence rate of acute and transient psychotic disorders in females than males. The highest frequency was found in the early adulthood (16–29 years). No cases were found in children aged less than 15 years. It is important to find ways to promote healthier lifestyles in this population in order to prevent the onset of psychotic disorders.
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12

PILLMANN, F., A. HARING, S. BALZUWEIT, R. BLÖINK, and A. MARNEROS. "The concordance of ICD-10 acute and transient psychosis and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 3 (April 2002): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005408.

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Background. ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD; F23) and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder (BPD; 298.8) are related diagnostic concepts, but little is known regarding the concordance of the two definitions.Method. During a 5-year period all in-patients with ATPD were identified; DSM-IV diagnoses were also determined. We systematically evaluated demographic and clinical features and carried out follow-up investigations at an average of 2·2 years after the index episode using standardized instruments.Results. Forty-two (4·1%) of 1036 patients treated for psychotic disorders or major affective episode fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria of ATPD. Of these, 61·9% also fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria of brief psychotic disorder; 31·0%, of schizophreniform disorder; 2·4%, of delusional disorder; and 4·8%, of psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. BPD showed significant concordance with the polymorphic subtype of ATPD, and DSM-IV schizophreniform disorder showed significant concordance with the schizophreniform subtype of ATPD. BPD patients had a significantly shorter duration of episode and more acute onset compared with those ATPD patients who did not meet the criteria of BPD (non-BPD). However, the BPD group and the non-BPD group of ATPD were remarkably similar in terms of sociodemography (especially female preponderance), course and outcome, which was rather favourable for both groups.Conclusions. DSM-IV BPD is a psychotic disorder with broad concordance with ATPD as defined by ICD-10. However, the DSM-IV time criteria for BPD may be too narrow. The group of acute psychotic disorders with good prognosis extends beyond the borders of BPD and includes a subgroup of DSM-IV schizophreniform disorder.
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F., Pillmann, and Marneros A. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders: Developement of concepts." European Psychiatry 13, S4 (1998): 321s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80676-2.

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14

Pillmann, Frank, Sabine Balzuweit, Annette Haring, Raffaela Blöink, and Andreas Marneros. "Suicidal behavior in acute and transient psychotic disorders." Psychiatry Research 117, no. 3 (March 2003): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00023-4.

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15

Malhotra, Savita, and Sameer Malhotra. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders: Comparison with schizophrenia." Current Psychiatry Reports 5, no. 3 (May 2003): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-003-0039-8.

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16

Silveira, C., A. Norton, A. Martins, I. Domingues, R. Moreira, S. Timóteo, and A. Silva. "Diagnostic Stability of Psychotic Disorders: A Retrospective Study." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71412-9.

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Background:An essential condition to validate a diagnosis is its stability over time. Since there are no biological markers for psychiatric disorders, the diagnosis relies on clinical expertise, with several consequences in treatment planning, disease burden and disability, affecting outcome and public health.Objectives:The aims of this study were:1.the assessment of long term stability of the diagnosis of psychotic disorders,2.its implications in patient treatment, and3.the evaluation of eventual predictors of diagnosis stability.Methods:This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Psychiatry of a large University Hospital (Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal). Patients enrolled were admitted in the inpatient unit from 2000 to 2003 (n=190, 12.41% of 1531 patients admitted), experienced a first psychotic episode, and fulfilled criteria for one of the following diagnosis: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, drug induced psychosis, acute and transient psychotic disorders, schizophreniform disorder and psychosis NOS (ICD-10 classification). the diagnoses were extracted from clinical records, and reassessed five years after the initial diagnosis. the analysis focuses on diagnostic agreement over time; clinical and demographic variables were also collected and putative associations with diagnostic shift considered.Results:The study is now under statistic evaluation.
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Bardensteyn, Leonid M., and G. A. Aleshkina. "The prognostic factors of unfavorable outcome of acute transient psychotic disorders." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 22, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2016-22-2-81-84.

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The study was carried out to investigate prognostic factors of outcomes of transient psychotic disorders/ The sampling included 168 patients with psychotic states meeting diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 for the given group of diseases (F 23.0; F 23.1; F 23.2; F 23.3; F 23.8; F 23.9). The clinical psychopathologic, clinical catamnesis, psychometric and statistical methods were applied. The data concerning characteristics of course of various clinical alternatives of acute transient psychotic disorders is presented. A number of characteristics associated with subsequent development of secondary psychotic attack was established. The characteristics indicating lingering course of the first psychotic episode had the most prognostic significance as regards development of relapse of disease.
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Pillmann, Frank, and Andreas Marneros. "Longitudinal follow-up in acute and transient psychotic disorders and schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 3 (September 2005): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.3.286.

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SummaryWe prospectively studied the long-term course of individuals with acute and transient psychotic disorders and a control group with positive schizophrenia matched for age and gender. Follow-up investigations using standardised instruments were performed at three time-points covering 7 years after the index episode or 12 years after the first episode. During follow-up, those with positive schizophrenia experienced a deterioration in their general functioning whereas those with acute and transient psychotic disorders retained their high level of functioning. At the end of the observation period, 12 out of 39 (31%) of those with acute and transient psychotic disorders were functioning well without medication compared with 0 out of 38 with positive schizophrenia.
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Oliveira, M., J. Rebelo, A. S. Costa, and C. Santos. "A case of acute and transient psychosis–What to expect?" European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S364—S365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1306.

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IntroductionThe Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) introduced the category of Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD), that assimilate clinical concepts such as the French Bouffée Délirante, Kleist and Leonhard's cycloid psychosis, and the scandinavian reactive psychosis.Methods and aimsThe authors present a clinical case of ATPD and a literature review based on PubMed/MEDLINE, using the keywords: “acute and transient psychotic disorder”, “prognosis” and “diagnostic stability”, aiming to discuss the main challenges regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.ResultsThe patient is a male with 37 years old with two previous psychotic episodes (with 2.5 years of interval), both with an acute onset (of 7 and 3 days respectively), and a fast response to antipsychotic treatment, with periods of complete symptom's remission. He maintains treatment with 6 mg of paliperidone. In the literature, we found scarce information on ATPD. Though several variables have been described as having influence on the prognosis (gender, pre-morbid functioning, acute onset and presence of affective symptoms), this topic remains controversial. Another difficult aspect about ATPD seems to be its low diagnostic stability, with diagnosis changing mostly to Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder and Bipolar disorder. Duration of treatment after complete remission of symptoms is another controversial aspect of this disease.ConclusionsATPD seems to have low diagnostic stability and poor research investment, and so it represents a challenge for psychiatrists on managing these patients in terms of treatment and follow-up plan. Further studies should be held regarding prognosis and treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Castagnini, A. C., and P. Fusar-Poli. "Diagnostic validity of ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders and DSM-5 brief psychotic disorder." European Psychiatry 45 (September 2017): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.028.

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AbstractBackground:Short-lived psychotic disorders are currently classified under “acute and transient psychotic disorders” (ATPDs) in ICD-10, and “brief psychotic disorder” (BPD) in DSM-5. This study's aim is to review the literature and address the validity of ATPDs and BPD.Method:Papers published between January 1993 and December 2016 were identified through searches in Web of Science. Reference lists in the located papers provided further sources.Results:A total of 295 articles were found and 100 were included in the review. There were only a few studies about the epidemiology, vulnerability factors, neurobiological correlates and treatment of these disorders, particularly little interest seems to exist in BPD. The available evidence suggests that short-lived psychotic disorders are rare conditions and more often affect women in early to middle adulthood. They also are neither associated with premorbid dysfunctions nor characteristic family predisposition, while there seems to be greater evidence of environmental factors particularly in developing countries and migrant populations. Follow-up studies report a favourable clinical and functional outcome, but case identification has proved difficult owing to high rates of transition mainly either to schizophrenia and related disorders or, to a lesser extent, affective disorders over the short- and longer-terms.Conclusions:Although the lack of neurobiological findings and little predictive power argue against the validity of the above diagnostic categories, it is important that they are kept apart from longer-lasting psychotic disorders both for clinical practice and research. Close overlap between ATPDs and BPD could enhance the understanding of these conditions.
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Ranjan, S., R. Shakya, and PM Shyangwa. "Clinico-demographic profile of patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders." Health Renaissance 10, no. 3 (December 4, 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7138.

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Background: There are only few studies on the clinico-demographic profile of acute and transient disorders, which is a common disorder in developing countries. Objective: To study the clinical presentation and socio-demographic profile of patients with Acute and transient psychotic disorders. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as Acute and transient psychotic disorders were assessed to record their socio-demographic profile, presence of stress, onset, presenting complains and the phenomenology using standard questionnaire. Results: ATPDs was more common in persons below thirty years of age (63.3%), residing in rural areas (90%), unemployed (76.7%), low middle socioeconomic status (53.3%), married (63.3%), and member of nuclear family (63.3%). Abrupt onset was seen in 73% of cases. Delusion of persecution was the most common psychopathology (86.7%). All patients had impaired biorhythm and poor insight. Conclusions: Married unemployed persons below the age of thirty of low middle socioeconomic status residing in nuclear families in rural areas suffer from ATPDs more than others. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7138 Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);215-219
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Zielasek, J., P. Falkai, and W. Gaebel. "Psychotic Disorders in ICD-11." Die Psychiatrie 12, no. 02 (April 2015): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669889.

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SummaryFor the development of ICD-11, the World Health Organization (WHO) has inaugurated a Working Group on the Classification of Psychotic Disorders (WGPD). A range of changes of the classification of primary psychotic disorders was developed by this group. While DSM-5 was published in 2013, the ICD-11 proposals are currently undergoing internet-based and clinical field trials and the final version is due in 2017. Among the major changes suggested by the WGPD for ICD-11 are the chapter titles, the replacement of the current schizophrenia subtypes by a number of symptom specifiers, a new set of course specifiers harmonized with DSM-5, transsectional diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder, and a reorganization of the acute and transient psychotic disorders and delusional disorders.
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Sarfa, Meilaniwati, Melati Wahyurini, and Era Catur Prasetya. "Sucide Attempt in Acute Psychoic Conditions from Biopsychosicial Management Review." Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jps.v10i1.21191.

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Acute psychotic and transient disorders have annually increased, especially in developing countries. The highest prevalence for acute Psychotic disorders is currently in three developing countries, namely Ibadan, Nigeria, and India. Reported the most causes by psychosocial factors and biological factors. Acute and Transient Psychotic disorders have an annual incidence rate of about 3.9% to 9.6% of the 100.000 population. The reported prevalence range from 10% to 50% mostly in the first year. We aim to report a case of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders accompanied by suicide attempts to increase cases so that psychiatrists should be able to make a diagnosis quickly and precisely because it is included in the emergency psychiatric. Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders often cause symptoms in the form of acts of self - harm or others, in the form of committing suicide, which is a very important social phenomenon and requires attention not only from a psychiatrist but also the general public. The phenomenon of suicide has spread to almost all parts of the world, both in countries with advanced technology and in developing countries. Integrated management of this case is clinically oriented to a biopsychosocial model that is used as a basic principle in the clinical practice of a doctor in building relationships with patients. In this case, we reported a 24 – year - old male, the first attack, occurring within one week, and accompanied by suicidal thoughts. So it is necessary to take a biopsychosocial approach that aims for comprehensive and sustainable interventions.
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Queirazza, Filippo, David M. Semple, and Stephen M. Lawrie. "Transition to schizophrenia in acute and transient psychotic disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 204, no. 4 (April 2014): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.127340.

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BackgroundThe diagnostic category of acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD) was introduced in ICD-10. Subsequent studies have called into question its validity and reliability.AimsTo determine the pattern of diagnostic revision to schizophrenia in first-ever diagnosed ATPD.MethodUsing data drawn from the Scottish Morbidity Record, we estimated incidence and diagnostic change in first-ever diagnosed ATPD in Scottish hospitals between January 1997 and December 2010 (n= 2923).ResultsThe average incidence of ATPD was 4.1 per 100 000 population per year. Diagnostic stability was estimated at 53.9% over an average of approximately 4 years of observation. The most common diagnostic shift was to schizophrenia (12.6%), over an average of 1.7 years. Estimates of the transition risks for schizophrenia were 80% at 2.8 years and 90% at 4.6 years. Longer first admission to hospital, younger age at onset and male gender were associated with increased risk and earlier development of schizophrenia.ConclusionsRoutinely collected data suggest that approximately one in eight individuals with first-ever diagnosed ATPD will develop schizophrenia within 3–5 years. Those at high risk of transition may benefit from monitoring for possible diagnostic change.
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Castagnini, Augusto, Leslie Foldager, and Aksel Bertelsen. "Long-term stability of acute and transient psychotic disorders." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 1 (October 2012): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867412461692.

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Zielasek, J., H. R. Cleveland, and W. Gaebel. "Psychotic Disorders in ICD-11." Die Psychiatrie 10, no. 01 (January 2013): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670831.

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SummaryWithin the efforts to revise ICD-10, the World Health Organization (WHO) has appointed a disorder-specific Working Group on the Classification of Psychotic Disorders (WGPD). The WGPD has proposed several changes to the classification criteria of schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders in order to increase the clinical utility, reliability and validity of the diagnostic classification. The main proposals include changes to the chapter title, the replacement of existing schizophrenia subtypes with symptom specifiers, stricter diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder, a reorganization of the delusional disorders and the acute and transient psychotic disorders, as well as the revision of course specifiers. These proposed revisions are subject to field trials with the aim of studying whether they will lead to an improvement of the classification system in comparison to its previous version. The proposals are compared with revisions of the according DSM-5 chapter. The impact of novel results from neuroscience and genetics on the current proposals is discussed, also with respect to future classification strategies such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project.
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Nepal, S., D. Gupta, and D. Neupane. "Symptom Profile of Patients with Psychotic Disorders." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v7i2.24616.

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Introduction: According to WHO, schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting about 23 million people worldwide. Psychoses, including schizophrenia, are characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. The impacts of these disorders are severe, with approximately 1 million people committing suicide annually. There is also an increase in co morbidity of these different conditions. So, this study was carried out to assess the symptom profile of patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (excluding mood disorders, substance induced psychotic disorders, organic psychotic disorders). Material and Method: Discharge record sheets of all cases admitted (Total 86) to the psychiatric ward over the study period were reviewed. Cases diagnosed as schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were enrolled. Major symptoms were listed from the discharge papers. Results: Out of the total number of patients enrolled in the research, 68.6% were male while 31.4% were female. The mean age of the patients was found to be 31.03 years with a minimum age of 16 years and maximum 63 years. Most were from lower middle class family, Hindu by religion and unmarried. Among 86 cases, 26(30.2%) were diagnosed as Unspecified nonorganic psychosis, 24(27.9%) as Schizophrenia, 19(22.1%) as Schizoaffective disorder, 14(16.3%) as Acute & Transient Psychotic Disorder, 3(3.5%) as Persistent delusional disorder. Delusion of persecution was present in 46 cases (53.5%), Delusion of reference in 33 cases (38.4%) and Hallucinations in 32 cases (37.2%). Out of the 86 patients enrolled in the study, 15 (17.4%) had at least one suicidal attempt. Conclusion: Significant number of patients were diagnosed as Schizophrenia which is itself a chronic, debilitating illness. Hallucinations and delusions were present in most of the cases.
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Amini, Homayoun, Javad Alaghband-Rad, Abbas Omid, Vandad Sharifi, Rozita Davari-Ashtiani, Farzad Momeni, and Zahra Aminipour. "Diagnostic Stability in Patients with First-Episode Psychosis." Australasian Psychiatry 13, no. 4 (December 2005): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02199.x.

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Objective: To examine the short-term stability of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases (10th revision; ICD-10) diagnoses in a group of patients with first-episode psychosis. Method: Sixty patients with first-episode psychosis admitted consecutively to Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, were sampled; their illnesses could not be attributed to any medical or substance-induced conditions. Patients were assessed at the time of discharge from the hospital, and at 3, 6and 12 month intervals following admission. Ateach visit, two psychiatrists made consensusDSM-IV and ICD10 diagnoses, based on all available information. Stability was discerned as the consistency between diagnoses at the time of discharge and at 12 month follow up. Results: Forty-eight patients completed follow up. Affective psychotic disorders and schizophrenia in both classification systems were highly stable. In addition, all patients with DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder and ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders remained the same at follow up. Conclusions: Affective psychoses and schizophrenia, in line with previous findings, remained stable. Diagnoses of brief psychoses were highly stable as well; this could reflect a non-relapsing course ofacute brief psychoses, especially in developing countries.
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Thangadurai, P., R. Gopalakrishnan, S. Kurian, and K. S. Jacob. "Diagnostic stability and status of acute and transient psychotic disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 3 (March 2006): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.3.293.

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S.G., Sajith, K. E. Sadanandam Unni, R. Chandrasekaran, and Ajit Sahai. "6-Month Diagnostic Stability of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 22, no. 2 (July 1999): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975156419990206.

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Singh, S. P., T. Burns, S. Amin, P. B. Jones, and G. L. Harrison. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders: Precursors, epidemiology, course and outcome." European Psychiatry 23 (April 2008): S147—S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.894.

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Incio, L. Rodriguez, I. Grande Fullana, V. Sánchez Gistau, M. Bernardo Arroyo, and E. Parellada Rodón. "is the Brief Psychotic Disorder a Distinct Nosologic Entity?: A Longitudinal Study of 80 Patients." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71421-x.

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Introduction:The DSM-IV-TR category “brief psychotic disorder” includes different concepts that have been defined before like bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis and “acute and transient psychosis” in the last ICD-10. Limited prospective studies have been done, and they all show a marked diagnostic instability during follow-up. According to that, its independent nosologic entity is still uncertain.Aims:To determine the diagnostic stability of the brief psychotic disorders as well as their distinct clinical features.Method:Observational, retrospective, longitudinal study of 80 consecutive patients admitted at the acute psychiatric inpatient service of a general hospital between 2000 and 2006. at discharge, all of them fulfilled diagnostic criteria for “brief psychotic disorder” according to DSM-IV. Demographic and psychopathological data were analysed.Results:Mean age (SD) was 31.3 (9.5), most of them women (63%). the most frequent previous stressor was related to labour, while up to 45% didn't report any. 51% had no psychiatric family history. 15 (19%) patients previously had a brief psychotic episode. Psychopathological disturbances identified were: thought disorder 69%, anxiety 66.6%, insomnia 57.7%, suspiciousness 53.5%, rapidly changing delusions 53.3% (paranoid contents 75.3%), perplexity 46.5%, auditory hallucinations 45.1%, mood lability 36.6%, elation 23.9%, depressed mood 22.5% and irritability 12.7%. in the 24 month follow-up, 32.5% changed diagnosis to schizophrenia, 3"9% to schizoaffective, 10% to bipolar disorder and 16.9% achieved clinical remission. 28.5% were lost to follow-up.Conclusion:“Brief psychotic disorder” category is still uncertain and more data may be necessary to clarify if it should remain as a distinct nosologic entity.
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Filipčić, Igor, Ivona Šimunović Filipčić, and Žarko Bajić. "M124. ASSOCIATION OF CHRONIC PHYSICAL MULTIMORBIDITY WITH THE EFFICACY OF TREATMENT IN DIFFERENT SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.436.

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Abstract Background Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have higher prevalence of chronic physical illness (CPI) and a substantially reduced life expectancy compared with the general population. Despite the increasing amount of research in this area, the effect on psychiatric treatment outcome is still not clear. Some research reported significant associations between several CPIs and different SSD treatment outcomes, whereas the remaining study did not. The objective of the current study is to assess differences in the association of the number of CPI with the overall number of psychiatric rehospitalization in specific SSD diagnosis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 354 patients diagnosed with SSD (ICD10): 135 schizophrenia, 71 acute and transient psychotic disorder, 57 schizoaffective disorder, 68 unspecified unorganic psychosis, 23 other (persistent delusional disorder, schizotypal disorder). The primary outcome was the association of the number of CPI with the number of psychiatric rehospitalization since the diagnosis, as the surrogate outcome for the treatment success, adjusted for the time from diagnosis, age, and gender of participants. Results Mean number of CPI adjusted for the time from diagnosis, age, and gender was not significantly nor clinically relevantly different between particular SSD diagnosis (F(5,345)=0.70; p=0.620). It was 1.7 in schizophrenia, 1.5 in acute and transient psychotic disorder, 1.4 in schizoaffective disorder, 1.8 in unspecified unorganic psychosis, 1.0 in persistent delusional disorder and 1.9 in schizotypal disorder. The mean number of CPI adjusted for the same three potential confounders was significantly different between particular SSD diagnosis (F(5,345)=2.78; p=0.018). It was 6.7 in schizophrenia, 3.8 in acute and transient psychotic disorder, 7.3 in schizoaffective disorder, 4.8 in unspecified unorganic psychosis. However, the association of the number of CPI with the psychiatric rehospitalizations, adjusted for the previously stated three confounders, was significant and clinically relevant only in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia. In these participants, an increase of one CPI was associated with the 2.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.5) more psychiatric rehospitalizations (p<0.001). In participants diagnosed with other specific SSD the association of the number of CPI was not significantly associated with the number of psychiatric rehospitalizations. Moreover, on this particular sample level, it was negative, meaning that more CPI was associated with the lower number of psychiatric rehospitalization in all other SSD except in the case of unspecified nonorganic psychosis. Discussion In this cross-sectional study, we observed that the hypothesis of the effect of the number of CPI on the SSD treatment outcomes is valid only in the case of schizophrenia. Further research is needed to clarify whether additional psychological distress is related to the additional burden of multimorbidity.
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Pillmann, Frank, Tobias Wustmann, and Andreas Marneros. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders versus persistent delusional disorders: A comparative longitudinal study." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 66, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02287.x.

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Marneros, Andreas, Frank Pillmann, Annette Haring, Sabine Balzuweit, and Raffaela Blöink. "Is the psychopathology of acute and transient psychotic disorder different from schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders?" European Psychiatry 20, no. 4 (June 2005): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.02.001.

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AbstractObjectiveThis study explores psychopathological aspects of acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD), a diagnostic category introduced with ICD-10, to elucidate its relationship with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychoses.MethodsWe recruited all consecutive inpatients fulfilling the ICD-10 criteria of ATPD (F23) during a 5-year period as well as control groups with “positive” schizophrenia (PS) and bipolar schizoaffective disorder (BSAD) matched for gender and age at index episode. For the evaluation of psychopathological parameters during index episode a standardized symptom list was used. Prepsychotic (prodromal) symptoms were also assessed.ResultsDuring the prepsychotic period few differences between the groups were detected. The most important difference between ATPD and the other two other psychotic disorders regarding phenomenology of the full-blown episodes was a higher frequency of “rapidly changing delusional topics”, “rapidly changing mood” and anxiety in ATPD.ConclusionATPD show a characteristic psychopathological picture consistent with earlier concepts such as cycloid psychoses and bouffée délirante. Nevertheless, psychopathology alone is not enough to establish ATPD as an independent nosological entity.
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Susser, Ezra, Vijoy K. Varma, Savita Malhotra, Sarah Conover, and Xavier F. Amador. "Delineation of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders in a Developing Country Setting." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 2 (August 1995): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.2.216.

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BackgroundWe examined whether acute transient psychoses can be distinguished from schizophrenia and the affective disorders.MethodWe studied 46 cases of nonaffective acute psychosis in the Chandigarh Acute Psychosis Study. With respect to separation from schizophrenia, we examined the distribution of duration of the episode. With respect to separation from affective disorders, we assessed the frequency of affective symptoms.ResultsDuration was bimodal, suggesting the presence of two distinct conditions of short and long duration. Affective symptoms were minimal, suggesting that these were not atypical affective syndromes.ConclusionsAcute transient psychoses conform neither with schizophrenia of brief duration nor with atypical affective psychosis, and thus require separate classification as proposed in the ICD–10.
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Talbott, J. A. "Longitudinal follow-up in acute and transient psychotic disorders and schizophrenia." Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health 2007 (January 2007): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70426-2.

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Udomratn, Pichet, Jonathan Burns, and Saeed Farooq. "Acute and transient psychotic disorders: An overview of studies in Asia." International Review of Psychiatry 24, no. 5 (October 2012): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.715579.

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39

Castagnini, Augusto C., and Aksel Bertelsen. "Mortality and causes of death of acute and transient psychotic disorders." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46, no. 10 (August 10, 2010): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0276-1.

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Das, S. K., S. Malhotra, and D. Basu. "Family study of acute and transient psychotic disorders: comparison with schizophrenia." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 34, no. 6 (June 25, 1999): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050152.

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Racetovic, G., S. Popovic, B. Rosic, and S. Grujic-Timarac. "Community based mental health care as an example of good outcomes for young persons with episode of acute and transient psychotic disorders – Case study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1627.

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IntroductionThe prevalence of acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) varies from 3.9–9.6 per 100,000 population [1]. Even it has clinical course with psychosis, there is no evidence that ATPD is similar with schizophrenia [2].ObjectivesSince in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) are not established specialized services for early interventions (EI), community mental health centers (CMHC) are basic services for fast and most efficient interventions in the cases of ATPD among other psychiatric disorders. The mental health reform has planned to establish EI services in the future [3].Aims and methodTo show CMHC as efficient service in the treatment of ATPD without using hospitalisation of young woman with two years follow up (case study)ResultsFull recovery of young female with ATPD using team approach and model of case management. After follow up of two years was any indications that psychotic disorders will develop.ConclusionsEven we have not EI specialized services in our country, CMHC have capacities to manage ATDP in community settings avoiding hospitalisation of young people.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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42

Baena Mures, R. A., L. Niell Galmes, Y. Lázaro Pascual, and M. D. Saiz Gonzalez. "“Bouffée Délirante” Induced by Meditation." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1971.

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IntroductionMeditation is frequently applied in Western as well as non-Western countries for different purposes; we know little about adverse events. The symptomatology of a meditation-related psychosis appears to show similarities with that we call “bouffée delirante”.MethodsA female patient is described who developed an acute and transient psychosis with polymorphic symptomatology after meditating (Bikram-yoga). We made a literature search for psychotic states related to meditation.ResultsThere are some case reports of psychosis disorder induced by meditation. Some cultural syndromes like Qi-gong appear on DSM-IV as psychotic reaction. In this case, the syndrome is not culture bound.ConclusionsMeditation can act as a stressor in vulnerable patients who may develop a transient psychosis with polymorphic symptomatology (confusion, pananxiety, mood swings and mood dystonic psychotic symptoms) with a short duration.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Bach, D. R., J. Kindler, and W. K. Strik. "Elevated Bilirubin in Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder." Pharmacopsychiatry 43, no. 01 (December 10, 2009): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1237376.

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Katshu, Mohammad Zia Ul Haq. "Acute transient psychotic disorder precipitated by Brexit vote." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 10 (October 2019): e232363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232363.

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A man in his 40s was brought to the accident and emergency department in an acute psychotic state, 3 weeks after the European Union referendum results in the UK were declared. His mental health had deteriorated rapidly following the announcement of the results, with significant concerns about Brexit. He presented as agitated, confused and thought disordered. He had auditory hallucinations, and paranoid, referential, misidentification and bizarre delusions. He recovered completely within 2 weeks after a brief admission and treatment with olanzapine. He had experienced a similar episode of much less severity 13 years previously after major work related stress which resolved completely within a few days. He was experiencing stress related to work and family prior to the current episode which could potentially have been a contributory factor. Political events can act as major psychological stressors and have a significant impact on the mental health of people, especially those with a predisposition to develop mental illness.
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Jørgensen, P., B. Bennedsen, J. Christensen, and A. Hyllested. "Acute and transient psychotic disorder: comorbidity with personality disorder." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 94, no. 6 (December 1996): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09891.x.

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46

Sibinovic, V. "Sexual Dysfunction in Patients on Antipsychotic Therapy Vladica Sibinovic Psychiatry Clinic CC NIS." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71430-0.

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The aim of this study was to determine difference in sexual dysfunction between 137 stabilized male outpatients who met ICD-10 criteria for acute and transient psychotic disorders (F 23) and schizophrenia (F 20) under therapy atypical and typical antipsychotic.Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and the subscale on sexual function of the UKU Side Effects Rating Scale were applied at a single interview.Sexual dysfunction was observed in 55, 47% (76 patients). We find higher ASEX and UKU score in patient with schizophrenia under therapy atypical and typical antipsychotic (p=0, 01). in patients with schizophrenia under typical antipsychotic, orgastic dysfunction (p< 0, 05) is more common.Ejaculatory dysfunction and erectile dysfunction are also high in that group (p< 0, 05).Therapies with atypical and typical antipsychotic have the same effects on increased or diminished sexual desire in bout group of patients.In patients with schizophrenia under typical antipsychotic there is higher ASEX score then in patients under atypical antipsychotic (p< 0, 05). Patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders do not have difference on level of sexual dysfunction in correlation with treated by atypical and typical antipsychotic.Results show that sexual dysfunction is more common in patients with schizophrenia under therapy with typical antipsychotic. in group of patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders there is no difference betven therapy atypical or typical antipsychotic in sexual dysfunction.
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Castagnini, Augusto, and German E. Berrios. "Approach to refine ICD-11 acute and transient psychotic disorder (polymorphic psychotic disorder)." Schizophrenia Research 212 (October 2019): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.043.

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48

Castagnini, A. C., T. M. Laursen, P. B. Mortensen, and A. Bertelsen. "Family psychiatric morbidity of acute and transient psychotic disorders and their relationship to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 11 (January 24, 2013): 2369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000044.

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BackgroundAlthough transient psychotic disorders are currently classified as a category separate from schizophrenia (SZ) and affective disorders, their distinctive features remain uncertain. This study examines the family psychiatric morbidity of the ICD-10 category of ‘acute and transient psychotic disorders’ (ATPDs), pointing out differences from SZ and bipolar disorder (BD).MethodFrom a cohort of 2.5 million persons, we identified all patients enrolled in the Danish Psychiatric Register who were ever admitted with ATPDs (n=2537), SZ (n = 10639) and BD disorder (n=5292) between 1996 and 2008. The relative risk (RR) of ATPDs, SZ and BD associated with psychiatric morbidity in first-degree relatives (FDRs) was calculated as the incidence rate ratio using Poisson regression.ResultsThe RR of ATPDs [1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76–2.11] was higher if patients with ATPDs had at least one FDR admitted with any mental disorder than patients without family psychiatric antecedents. An additional risk arose if they had FDRs admitted not only with ATPDs (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.33–1.92) but also with SZ (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.70–2.50) and/or BD (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.96). Despite some overlap, the risk of SZ (RR 2.80, 95% CI 2.58–3.04) and BD (RR 3.68, 95% CI 3.29–4.12) was markedly higher if patients with SZ and BD had FDRs admitted with the same condition.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that family psychiatric predisposition has a relatively modest impact on ATPDs and argue against a sharp differentiation of ATPDs from SZ and BD.
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Castagnini, Augusto, Aksel Bertelsen, and German E. Berrios. "Incidence and diagnostic stability of ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders." Comprehensive Psychiatry 49, no. 3 (May 2008): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.10.004.

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Kumari, Ranju, Suprakash Chaudhury, and Subodh Kumar. "Dimensions of Hallucinations and Delusions in Affective and Nonaffective Illnesses." ISRN Psychiatry 2013 (August 13, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/616304.

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The aim of the study was to examine the dimensions of hallucinations and delusions in affective (manic episode, bipolar affective disorder, and depressive episode) and nonaffective disorders (schizophrenia, acute and transient psychotic disorders, and unspecified psychosis). Sixty outpatients divided equally into two groups comprising affective and nonaffective disorders were taken up for evaluation after screening, as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Scores of 3 or above on delusion and hallucinatory behavior subscales of positive and negative syndrome scale were sufficient to warrant rating on the psychotic symptom rating scales with which auditory hallucination and delusion were assessed on various dimensions. Insight was assessed using the Beck cognitive insight scale (BCIS). There were no significant differences between the two groups on age, sex, marital status, education, and economic status. There were significant differences in total score and emotional characteristic subscale, cognitive interpretation subscale, and physical characteristic subscale of auditory hallucination scales in between the two groups. Correlation between BCIS-total and total auditory hallucinations score was negative (Spearman Rho −0.319; P<0.05). Hallucinating patients, more in nonaffective group, described a negative impact of hallucinating voices along with emotional consequences on their lives which lead to distress and disruption.
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