Academic literature on the topic 'Acute toxicity test'
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Journal articles on the topic "Acute toxicity test"
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El-Harbawi, Mohanad. "Toxicity Measurement of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Using Acute Toxicity Test." Procedia Chemistry 9 (2014): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.05.006.
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OKOMODA, Victor T., Shola G. SOLOMON, Gabriel A. ATAGUBA, Victoria O. AYUBA, and Pius F. ASUWAJU. "ACUTE TOXICITY TEST IN AQUACULTURE: A REVIEW." Banat's Journal of Biotechnology IV, no. 08 (June 14, 2013): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7904/2068-4738-iv(08)-59.
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Shui, Guo Hong, and Dong Wei Li. "Acute Toxicity Test on Old Smelting Slag." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1564.
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The total amount of heavy metal in Ming and Qing dynasties smelted residue was analyzed. Also leaching solution’s acute toxicity of heavy metal in waste residue was discussed.The results showed that the residual quantity of heavy metal(zinc and plumbum) in residue was up to 6.97%. After several hundred years of lixiviation by rainwater, heavy metal (zinc and plumbum) which had released to circumstance was more than 1.71%.Heavy metal in ancient leaching has declined and Residue in Zn is only a very small part of the leaching, Pb leaching below the detection limit ,Cr, and Cd there was leachingonly a small amount .According to pre-test results, limiting test method was adopted to carry out acute toxicity test on waste residue’s leaching solution.The results of acute toxicity test showed that acute oral LD50(median lethal doses) in mice of waste residue’s leaching solution was bigger than 20ml/kg.bw. Mice in the experiment appeared no dead and no abnormal behavior. But mice significantly decreased bodyweight gain. At the end of the experiment, mice were anatomical examined for liver and kidney. No abnormal change was found. It was no significant difference compared with the control group. It showed that residual quantity of heavy metal in residue was high. Although reduce the leaching toxicity, but the acute toxicity harm still existed.
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Maurice, David, and Tejinder Singh. "A permeability test for acute corneal toxicity." Toxicology Letters 31, no. 2 (May 1986): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(86)90005-6.
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Longobardi, C., V. Pacelli, and A. Argentino Storino. "165 Acute toxicity: Alternatives to the LD50 test." Toxicology Letters 144 (September 2003): s47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90164-0.
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Weltje, Lennart. "THE CHIRONOMID ACUTE TOXICITY TEST: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TEST SYSTEM." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management preprint, no. 2009 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/ieam_2009-069.1.
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Lee, Chan-Won, Jae-Young Ryu, and Kyeong-Won Lim. "Acute Toxicity Test of Agricultural Chemicals to Water Fleas." Journal of Environmental Science International 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jes.2007.16.1.055.
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Usui, Kimihito, Satoshi Nishida, Takuya Sugita, Takuro Ueki, Yasuhiko Matsumoto, Hidenobu Okumura, and Kazuhisa Sekimizu. "Acute oral toxicity test of chemical compounds in silkworms." Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 10, no. 1 (2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2016.01025.
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Nomura, T. "Cytotoxicity test for evaluation for acute toxicity of chemicals." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 40, Special (1998): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00001990325.
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Bulus Rossini, Gustavo D., and Alicia E. Ronco. "Acute toxicity bioassay usingDaphnia obtusa as a test organism." Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality 11, no. 3 (1996): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2256(1996)11:3<255::aid-tox11>3.0.co;2-a.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Acute toxicity test"
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Henn, Kirsten [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Braunbeck. "Limits of the fish embryo toxicity test with Danio rerio as an alternative to the acute fish toxicity test / Kirsten Henn ; Betreuer: Thomas Braunbeck." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1179783417/34.
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Gildemeister, Thomas. "Comparative Toxicity of Eight Model Substances to the Sediment Dwelling Invertebrates Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1178202259866-97193.
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Existing ecotoxicity data for chemicals vary to a high extent between the environmental compartments water and sediment, since the evaluation of contaminants has historically focused on water exposition. Many anthropogenic chemicals and waste materials, including toxic organic and inorganic chemicals, adsorb to particulate matter and accumulate in sediments, and may thus be a threat to organisms living in the sediment. The invertebrates Chironomus riparius and Lumbriculus variegatus were selected as representatives of endobenthic living organisms. Acute toxicity tests, via water-only exposure, and sediment toxicity tests were conducted with the two endobenthic invertebrates. In sediment toxicity tests, organisms are mainly exposed to sediment- and particle-bound chemicals and dissolved chemical in the pore water. Toxicity data for algae, daphnids, and fish (via water-only exposure) are available for many substances, whereas the existing sediment toxicity data are rather rare. Thus, the interest arises to predict sediment toxicity for sediment-dwelling invertebrates from existing acute toxicity data of tests with water-only exposure. The main emphasis of this work was placed on one metal compound and seven organic chemicals. The objective of this study was fivefold: (1) develop methods and improve existing procedures on acute and sediment toxicity testing of the two invertebrates; (2) conduct both acute toxicity tests via water exposure and long-term sediment toxicity tests for the selected model substances to generate data for comparative discussion; (3) assess correlations among acute toxicity data of the organisms exposed via water-only and correlations among sediment toxicity data of the two endobenthic invertebrates for the eight tested chemicals; (4) assess possible forecasting for sediment toxicity from acute toxicity (via water-only exposure) and (5) assess exposure effects to determine the main exposure route. Acute toxicity data of the eight tested chemicals of D. magna significantly correlated with data of L. variegatus and C. riparius (p<0.05). However, a prediction of toxicity based on D. magna data bears high uncertainty, due to the small data set and high variation in sensitivity of the organisms. Existing sediment toxicity test methods were improved to meet the demand for artificial sediments containing organic matter that serves sufficiently as internal food source for the test organisms, and thus representing natural exposure conditions. However, the sediments that were used for the two organisms to test the selected model substances differed in sediment composition. Therefore, a sediment with the same sediment composition and the same water-to-sediment ratio for both invertebrates was developed, to have similar exposure conditions. In sediment toxicity tests, C. riparius was observed to be more sensitive than L. variegatus and no correlation was observed among data of the invertebrates. For the selected substances, lowest effect concentrations were observed for 3,4-dichloroaniline, whereas effect concentrations were the highest for benzo[a]pyrene. No correlations were found between the acute toxicity data of exposure via the water phase and sediment toxicity data, thus making a prediction of sediment toxicity data impossible. From analytical measurements of chemicals concentration in the compartments overlying, pore water, and bulk sediment, partition coefficients on sediment water partitioning were calculated. The highest partition coefficient ratios for sediment water partitioning were found for the high lipophilic organic substances 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan (DDT) and benzo[a]pyrene. Further, it was found that the main exposure routes in the 28-day sediment toxicity tests were not only chemical but species-dependent. As a result of very differing exposure routes for the tested chemicals and the absence of correlations from the acute to sediment toxicity data, sediment toxicity tests are necessary to assess the toxicity of chemicals on sediment inhabiting organismsIn den meisten standardisierten ökotoxikologischen Untersuchungen zur Abschätzung des Gefährdungspotentials von Chemikalien für Gewässer erfolgt die Exposition der Organismen über die Wasserphase. Viele Schadstoffe, die in die aquatische Umwelt gelangen, adsorbieren aufgrund ihrer physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften an die Oberflächen von Schwebstoffen, sedimentieren und erreichen Sedimentkonzentrationen, die möglicherweise eine Gefahr für sedimentbewohnende Organismen darstellen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden für benthische Invertebraten Testverfahren etabliert, bei denen eine Exposition der Organismen über das Sediment, hier hauptsächlich über die an ingestierte Sedimentbestandteile gebundene oder über die im Porenwasser gelöste Chemikalie (28-Tage Sedimenttoxizitätstest), und über dieWasserphase (Akuttoxizitätstest) erfolgte. Die Invertebraten Chironomus riparius und Lumbriculus variegatus wurden als typische Vertreter endobenthischer Organismen ausgewählt. Für viele Chemikalien liegen Daten zur akuten Toxizität für Algen, Daphnien und Fische für die Wasserexposition vor. Demgegenüber sind nur wenige Daten zur Toxizität für benthische Organismen weder mit einer Wasser- noch mit einer Sedimentexposition vorhanden. Als Modellsubstanzen wurden eine anorganische und sieben organische Substanzen für die Untersuchungen ausgewählt. Ziele dieser Arbeit waren: (1) die Entwicklung und Verbesserung von bestehenden Methoden zur Bestimmung der akuten Toxizität mitWasserexposition und der Sedimenttoxizität für die beiden Invertebraten; (2) die Durchführung der Tests mit den acht ausgewählten Modellsubstanzen zur vergleichenden Betrachtung; (3) die Beurteilung einer Korrelation der Daten zur Akuttoxizität innerhalb der verschiedenen Organismen mit Wasserexposition und einer Korrelation der Daten zwischen den beiden benthischen Organismen bei Sedimentexposition; (4) die Beurteilung einer Korrelation zwischen Daten der benthischen Invertebraten zur Akuttoxizität mit Wasserexposition und Sedimenttoxizität und (5) die Ermittlung und Bewertung der Expositionspfade. Die Akuttoxizitätsdaten von D. magna korrelieren significant (p<0.05) mit den Daten der beiden Invertebraten. Jedoch ist eine Vorhersage aufgrund des kleinen Datensatzes und der großen Unterschiede in der Empfindlichkeit der Arten abzulehnen. Um einer möglichst natürlichen Expositionssituation in Sedimenten zu entsprechen, wurden künstliche Sedimente mit interner Futterquelle, die auch mit der zu testenden Chemikalie kontaminiert wurde, entwickelt und für die Tests mit den Modellsubstanzen verwendet. Ein Nachteil war die unterschiedliche Sedimentzusammensetzung für die beiden Organismen. Um gleiche Expositionsbedingungen für beide Testorganismen zu gewährleisten, wurde ein artifizielles Sediment mit gleicher Zusammensetzung und gleichem Volumenverhältnis zwischen Sediment und Überstandswasser entwickelt. In den Sedimenttoxizitätstests reagierte C. riparius empfindlicher als L. variegatus. Die Effektkonzentrationen waren am niedrigsten für 3,4-Dichloraniline und am höchsten für Benzo[a]pyren. Die Korrelationen zwischen den Ergebnissen aus Akut- und Sedimenttoxizitstests waren nicht signifikant (p>0.05). Folglich läßt sich die Sedimenttoxizität nicht aus Daten zur akuten Toxizität mit Wasserexposition abschätzen. Aus den analytischen Messungen von Sediment-, Porenwasser- und Überstandswasserproben wurden die Koeffizienten für die Verteilung zwischen Sediment und Wasser berechnet. Für die stark lipophilen Stoffe, 4-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan (DDT) und Benzo[a]pyren wurden die höchsten Koeffizienten errechnet. Weiterhin wurde festgestellt, daß die Hauptexpositionspfade in Sedimenttoxizitätstests einerseits von der Chemikalie und andererseits von der verwendeten Spezies abhängen. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit und der Tatsache, daß Sedimente “Senken” für viele Schadstoffe sind, müssen zur Erfassung und Bewertung des Gefährdungspotentials von Chemikalien gegenüber Sedimentbewohnern weiterhin Sedimenttoxizitätstests durchgeführt werden
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Gildemeister, Thomas. "Comparative Toxicity of Eight Model Substances to the Sediment Dwelling Invertebrates Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24905.
Full textAbstract:
Existing ecotoxicity data for chemicals vary to a high extent between the environmental compartments water and sediment, since the evaluation of contaminants has historically focused on water exposition. Many anthropogenic chemicals and waste materials, including toxic organic and inorganic chemicals, adsorb to particulate matter and accumulate in sediments, and may thus be a threat to organisms living in the sediment. The invertebrates Chironomus riparius and Lumbriculus variegatus were selected as representatives of endobenthic living organisms. Acute toxicity tests, via water-only exposure, and sediment toxicity tests were conducted with the two endobenthic invertebrates. In sediment toxicity tests, organisms are mainly exposed to sediment- and particle-bound chemicals and dissolved chemical in the pore water. Toxicity data for algae, daphnids, and fish (via water-only exposure) are available for many substances, whereas the existing sediment toxicity data are rather rare. Thus, the interest arises to predict sediment toxicity for sediment-dwelling invertebrates from existing acute toxicity data of tests with water-only exposure. The main emphasis of this work was placed on one metal compound and seven organic chemicals. The objective of this study was fivefold: (1) develop methods and improve existing procedures on acute and sediment toxicity testing of the two invertebrates; (2) conduct both acute toxicity tests via water exposure and long-term sediment toxicity tests for the selected model substances to generate data for comparative discussion; (3) assess correlations among acute toxicity data of the organisms exposed via water-only and correlations among sediment toxicity data of the two endobenthic invertebrates for the eight tested chemicals; (4) assess possible forecasting for sediment toxicity from acute toxicity (via water-only exposure) and (5) assess exposure effects to determine the main exposure route. Acute toxicity data of the eight tested chemicals of D. magna significantly correlated with data of L. variegatus and C. riparius (p<0.05). However, a prediction of toxicity based on D. magna data bears high uncertainty, due to the small data set and high variation in sensitivity of the organisms. Existing sediment toxicity test methods were improved to meet the demand for artificial sediments containing organic matter that serves sufficiently as internal food source for the test organisms, and thus representing natural exposure conditions. However, the sediments that were used for the two organisms to test the selected model substances differed in sediment composition. Therefore, a sediment with the same sediment composition and the same water-to-sediment ratio for both invertebrates was developed, to have similar exposure conditions. In sediment toxicity tests, C. riparius was observed to be more sensitive than L. variegatus and no correlation was observed among data of the invertebrates. For the selected substances, lowest effect concentrations were observed for 3,4-dichloroaniline, whereas effect concentrations were the highest for benzo[a]pyrene. No correlations were found between the acute toxicity data of exposure via the water phase and sediment toxicity data, thus making a prediction of sediment toxicity data impossible. From analytical measurements of chemicals concentration in the compartments overlying, pore water, and bulk sediment, partition coefficients on sediment water partitioning were calculated. The highest partition coefficient ratios for sediment water partitioning were found for the high lipophilic organic substances 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan (DDT) and benzo[a]pyrene. Further, it was found that the main exposure routes in the 28-day sediment toxicity tests were not only chemical but species-dependent. As a result of very differing exposure routes for the tested chemicals and the absence of correlations from the acute to sediment toxicity data, sediment toxicity tests are necessary to assess the toxicity of chemicals on sediment inhabiting organisms.In den meisten standardisierten ökotoxikologischen Untersuchungen zur Abschätzung des Gefährdungspotentials von Chemikalien für Gewässer erfolgt die Exposition der Organismen über die Wasserphase. Viele Schadstoffe, die in die aquatische Umwelt gelangen, adsorbieren aufgrund ihrer physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften an die Oberflächen von Schwebstoffen, sedimentieren und erreichen Sedimentkonzentrationen, die möglicherweise eine Gefahr für sedimentbewohnende Organismen darstellen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden für benthische Invertebraten Testverfahren etabliert, bei denen eine Exposition der Organismen über das Sediment, hier hauptsächlich über die an ingestierte Sedimentbestandteile gebundene oder über die im Porenwasser gelöste Chemikalie (28-Tage Sedimenttoxizitätstest), und über dieWasserphase (Akuttoxizitätstest) erfolgte. Die Invertebraten Chironomus riparius und Lumbriculus variegatus wurden als typische Vertreter endobenthischer Organismen ausgewählt. Für viele Chemikalien liegen Daten zur akuten Toxizität für Algen, Daphnien und Fische für die Wasserexposition vor. Demgegenüber sind nur wenige Daten zur Toxizität für benthische Organismen weder mit einer Wasser- noch mit einer Sedimentexposition vorhanden. Als Modellsubstanzen wurden eine anorganische und sieben organische Substanzen für die Untersuchungen ausgewählt. Ziele dieser Arbeit waren: (1) die Entwicklung und Verbesserung von bestehenden Methoden zur Bestimmung der akuten Toxizität mitWasserexposition und der Sedimenttoxizität für die beiden Invertebraten; (2) die Durchführung der Tests mit den acht ausgewählten Modellsubstanzen zur vergleichenden Betrachtung; (3) die Beurteilung einer Korrelation der Daten zur Akuttoxizität innerhalb der verschiedenen Organismen mit Wasserexposition und einer Korrelation der Daten zwischen den beiden benthischen Organismen bei Sedimentexposition; (4) die Beurteilung einer Korrelation zwischen Daten der benthischen Invertebraten zur Akuttoxizität mit Wasserexposition und Sedimenttoxizität und (5) die Ermittlung und Bewertung der Expositionspfade. Die Akuttoxizitätsdaten von D. magna korrelieren significant (p<0.05) mit den Daten der beiden Invertebraten. Jedoch ist eine Vorhersage aufgrund des kleinen Datensatzes und der großen Unterschiede in der Empfindlichkeit der Arten abzulehnen. Um einer möglichst natürlichen Expositionssituation in Sedimenten zu entsprechen, wurden künstliche Sedimente mit interner Futterquelle, die auch mit der zu testenden Chemikalie kontaminiert wurde, entwickelt und für die Tests mit den Modellsubstanzen verwendet. Ein Nachteil war die unterschiedliche Sedimentzusammensetzung für die beiden Organismen. Um gleiche Expositionsbedingungen für beide Testorganismen zu gewährleisten, wurde ein artifizielles Sediment mit gleicher Zusammensetzung und gleichem Volumenverhältnis zwischen Sediment und Überstandswasser entwickelt. In den Sedimenttoxizitätstests reagierte C. riparius empfindlicher als L. variegatus. Die Effektkonzentrationen waren am niedrigsten für 3,4-Dichloraniline und am höchsten für Benzo[a]pyren. Die Korrelationen zwischen den Ergebnissen aus Akut- und Sedimenttoxizitstests waren nicht signifikant (p>0.05). Folglich läßt sich die Sedimenttoxizität nicht aus Daten zur akuten Toxizität mit Wasserexposition abschätzen. Aus den analytischen Messungen von Sediment-, Porenwasser- und Überstandswasserproben wurden die Koeffizienten für die Verteilung zwischen Sediment und Wasser berechnet. Für die stark lipophilen Stoffe, 4-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan (DDT) und Benzo[a]pyren wurden die höchsten Koeffizienten errechnet. Weiterhin wurde festgestellt, daß die Hauptexpositionspfade in Sedimenttoxizitätstests einerseits von der Chemikalie und andererseits von der verwendeten Spezies abhängen. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit und der Tatsache, daß Sedimente “Senken” für viele Schadstoffe sind, müssen zur Erfassung und Bewertung des Gefährdungspotentials von Chemikalien gegenüber Sedimentbewohnern weiterhin Sedimenttoxizitätstests durchgeführt werden.
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Almeida, Tielle Moraes de. "Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória e toxicidade de Valeriana glechomifolia Meyer (Valerianaceae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150924.
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Um estudo prévio de nosso grupo de pesquisa demonstrou que uma fração eriquecida em valepotriatos obtida a partir de partes aéreas e subterrâneas de V. glechomifolia submetida à extração com CO2 supercrítico (VAL) possui efeito antidepressivo e prevenção do comportamento de doente (sickness behavior) induzido por LPS. Além disso, alguns estudos revelaram propriedades antiinflamatórias de V.wallichii e de V.amurensis. Estes dados da literatura sugerem que os valepotriatos podem ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de novos farmácos. Entretanto, dados sobre toxicidade, segurança e atividade anti-inflamatória de valepotriatos ainda são escassos. Considerando isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a atividade anti-inflamatória periférica e a toxicidade oral aguda e de doses repetidas de VAL. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada por meio do teste de formalina em camundongos CF1 e o ensaio de migração de leucócitos em ratos Wistar. Além disso, os estudos de toxicidade seguiram as normativas 423 e 407 da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OECD). Diferentes grupos de camundongos foram tratados com VAL (1, 10 e 30 mg/kg), diclofenaco 50 mg/kg (controle positivo) ou saline (controle negativo) 1 h antes da injeção de formalina. No ensaio de quimiotaxia, os leucócitos foram tratados com concentrações de 0,1-1,0 μg/mL de VAL, indometacina ou diclofenaco (1 μg/mL). No estudo de toxicidade aguda, três camundongos CF1 machos foram tratados com uma dose única de VAL (2000 mg/kg, v.o.) e observados durante 14 dias. Já para o estudo de toxicidade de doses repetidas, diferentes grupos de animais (n = 10) receberam doses únicas diárias de VAL (30, 150 e 300 mg/kg, v.o.) ou veículo durante 28 dias. No teste de formalina, VAL inibiu o comportamento do tipo nociceptivo na segunda fase do teste de forma dose-dependente. O efeito da dose mais elevada de VAL foi comparável com o diclofenaco na dose de 50 mg/kg (v.o.). VAL (0,1-1 μg/mL) também inibiu a migração de leucócitos induzida por LPS (65 μg/mL) de modo dependente da concentração. Este efeito foi comparável ao efeito de indometacina (0,1 - 1 μg/mL) e superior ao efeito do diclofenaco (1 μg/mL). No estudo de toxicidade aguda apenas uma morte foi detectada, o que classifica VAL como segura (categoria 5), de acordo com a OECD-normativa 423. O estudo toxicidade de doses repetidas demonstrou que VAL na dose de 300 mg/kg retardou o ganho de peso e reduziu o consumo de ração dos animais deste grupo na primeira semana de tratamento, provavelmente devido aos efeitos sedativos da mesma. As outras doses não alteraram o ganho de peso e ingesta de ração. Nenhuma das doses de VAL alterou qualquer parâmetro comportamental, urinário, bioquímico, hematológico, anatômico ou histológico. Em conclusão, estes resultados demonstram pela primeira vez que valepotriatos, uma classe especial de terpenos que ocorrem apenas no gênero Valeriana, apresentam atividade anti-inflamatória periférica e são seguros em doses pré-clínicas eficazes, por via oral.A previous study by our research group demonstrated that an enriched fraction obtained from the aerial and subterranean parts of V. glechomifolia submitted to supercritical CO2 extraction (VAL) shows antidepressant-like effect and prevented LPS-induced sickness behavior. Also, some studies revealed anti-inflammatory properties of V.wallichii and V.amurensis. Altogether, these findings suggest that the valepotriates scaffold might be useful to develop new antidepressant and antiinflammatory drugs. However, data about the toxicity, safety and anti-inflammatory activity of valepotriates from V. gelchomifolia are still scarce. Considering this, the aim of this study was to investigate the peripheral anti-inflammatory activity and the oral acute and repeated toxicity of VAL. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using the formalin test in CF1 mice and Wistar rat’s leukocytes migration assay. Besides, the toxicity studies followed the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) toxicity studies guidelines 423 and 407. Different groups of mice were treated with VAL (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg), diclofenac 50 mg/kg (positive control) or saline (negative control) 1 h before the formalin injection. In the chemotaxis assay, the leukocytes were treated with a range of 0.1-1.0 μg/mL of VAL, indomethacin or diclofenac (1 μg/mL). In the acute toxicity, three CF1 mice were treated with a single dose of VAL (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) and observed for 14 days. To perform the repeated toxicity study, separated group of animals (n=10) received single daily doses of VAL (30, 150 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle during 28 days. In the formalin test, VAL inhibited the nociceptive behavior in the late phase in a dose dependent manner at 30mg/kg dose. The effect of the VAL highest dose was comparable to diclofenac 50 mg /kg (p.o.). VAL (0.1 - 1 μg/mL) inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by LPS (65 μg/mL) in a concentration dependent manner. This antichemotatic effect was comparable to indomethacin (0.1 – 1μg/mL) and better than diclofenac (1 μg/mL) effect. In the acute toxicity study only one death was detected, which classify VAL as safe (category 5), according to OECD-guideline 423. The repeated dose toxicity study demonstrated that VAL 300 mg/kg delayed the weight gain and reduced the food consumption in the first week, probably due to sedative effects. The other doses had no effect on weight gain and food consumption. None of doses altered any behavioral, urinary, biochemical, hematological, anatomic or histological parameters. In conclusion, these results demonstrate for the first time that valepotriates, a special class of terpenes occurring only in Valeriana genus, present peripheral anti-inflammatory activity and are safe at effective pre-clinical doses, by oral route.
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Beaty, Thomas Vernon. "The use of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in benthic toxicity tests and its response to selenium." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063606/.
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AraÃjo, Ana JÃrsia. "Estudo das propriedades citotÃxica da nor-β-lapachona e seu derivado nitrofenilamino em cÃlulas HL-60." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4035.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO esqueleto quinona foi identificado como um importante grupo farmacofÃrico para atividade citotÃxica de vÃrios compostos utilizados na clÃnica, constituindo ainda uma das maiores classes de agentes anticÃncer. A β-lapachona à uma das quinonas mais estudadas nos Ãltimos anos. Suas aplicaÃÃes mais importantes estÃo relacionadas Ãs aÃÃes contra vÃrias cÃlulas tumorais. Seu derivado, nor-β-lapachona (composto 1), tem atividade anticÃncer similar. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o mecanismo de aÃÃo envolvido na citotoxicidade do composto 1 e de seu derivado nitrofenilamino (composto 2) em cÃlulas leucÃmicas HL-60. Inicialmente foi investigado o efeito desses compostos na viabilidade de cÃlulas HL-60 apÃs 24 horas de incubaÃÃo, mostrando CI50 de 2,92 e 0,48 μM para os compostos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Acerca da seletividade celular, o composto 1 mostrou forte seletividade para cÃlulas tumorais, enquanto que o seu derivado foi apenas parcialmente seletivo. Estudos feitos em cÃlulas HL-60 indicaram que o composto 2 induz morte celular por apoptose como mostrado pelas mudanÃas morfolÃgicas, fragmentaÃÃo do DNA, despolarizaÃÃo da membrana mitocondrial e externalizaÃÃo da fosfatidilserina. Ambos compostos aumentaram a geraÃÃo de espÃcies reativas de oxigÃnio (EROs). Nossos resultados sugerem que a introduÃÃo do radical nitrofenilamino na posiÃÃo 3 do anel furano aumenta a citotoxicidade da nor--lapachona em cÃlulas HL-60. Esses achados apontam para o potencial dessas quinonas sintÃticas como modelo para a produÃÃo de novos compostos com propriedades anticÃncer.
The quinone moiety has been identified as an important pharmacophoric group for cytotoxic activity of several compounds clinically used, constituting just one of the major classes of anticancer agents. β-lapachone is one of the most studied quinones in the last years. Its most important applications are related to its action against several cancer cells. Its derivative, nor-β-lapachone (compound 1), has similar anticancer activity. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the mechanism of action involved in nor--lapachone and its nitrophenylamino derivative (compound 2) cytotoxicity in a leukemia cells model of HL-60 cell line. Initially it was investigated the effect of both the compounds on HL-60 cells viability after 24 hours of incubation, showing IC50 values of 2.92 and 0.48 μM to compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Considering the selectivity, compound 1 showed strong selectivity to cancer cells, while its derivative was only partially selective. Studies performed in HL-60 cells, after 24 hours, indicated that compound 2 induces cell death by apoptosis as showed by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and phosphatidylserine externalization. Both tested compounds increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results suggest that a nitrophenylamino radical introduction at position 3 of the furane ring enhances the cytotoxicity of nor--lapachone in HL-60 cell line. These findings highlight the potential of these synthetic quinones as prototypes molecules to produce new compounds with anticancer properties.
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Moraes, Gustavo Simão. "VALIDAÇÃO DE MODELO DE INDUÇÃO DE CANDIDOSE BUCAL E AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE SISTÊMICA AGUDA À CLOREXIDINA EM RATOS WISTAR." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2664.
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Objetivo: Esta Dissertação foi composta por dois estudos. O primeiro avaliou métodos de esterilização de dispositivos palatais acrílicos para uso animal, bem como realizou a contaminação dos mesmos com Candida albicans. Ademais, verificou-se a duração da candidose bucal induzida por diferentes protocolos em ratos Wistar imunocompetentes e a efetividade da indução da estomatite protética em ratos imunocompetentes sob antibioticoterapia. O segundo avaliou parâmetros histológicos e bioquímicos como marcadores da toxicidade aguda hepática, renal, pulmonar e gástrica causada pela administração via gavage de doses tóxicas de clorexidina (Clx) nesses animais. Material e métodos: No Estudo I, dispositivos acrílicos foram confeccionados a partir de moldagens dos palatos dos animais utilizando moldeiras individuais e poliéter. Verificou-se a esterilização dos dispositivos (n=5) por meio do uso de micro-ondas (MO), luz ultravioleta (UV), ultrassom (US) ou nenhum método (CN), a partir de análises da viabilidade das colônias e em espectrofotômetro. Então, realizou-se a contaminação dos aparatos com um biofilme de C. albicans, a qual foi confirmada por meio de contagem de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC)/mL (n=6) e microscopia confocal a laser (n=5). Posteriormente, 20 animais foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=4): Cn=nenhum protocolo; Di=cimentação de dispositivo estéril; In=inoculação de suspensão de C. albicans no palato, sem a utilização de dispositivos; Dc=cimentação de dispositivo contaminado com C. albicans; In+Dc=junção dos grupos In e Dc. Os ratos foram monitorados durante uma semana para verificar a presença de sinais clínicos de candidose bucal por meio de fotografias dos palatos e línguas. Foi realizada a contagem de UFC/mL a partir de coletas feitas nos palatos utilizando swabs. Ao final dos sete dias, realizou-se a eutanásia e os palatos e línguas foram removidos para análise histopatológica. Finalmente, outros animais submetidos aos grupos Cn (n=2), Di (n=6) ou In+Dc (n=6) receberam tetraciclina na água de beber 7 dias antes de serem submetidos aos protocolos. Após o período de instalação da infecção (4 dias utilizando os dispositivos), as mesmas análises foram realizadas. No Estudo II, dois grupos foram avaliados (n=9): CN=administração de 1,5 mL de água destilada (veículo) via gavage ou Clx=1,5 g/Kg de Clx diluída no veículo. Após 24 h, os animais tiveram seu sangue coletado e órgãos removidos. No plasma, foram analisados os níveis de ureia, creatinina e ácido úrico (para análise do funcionamento renal), transaminase glutâmico-oxalacética (TGO), transaminase glutâmico-pirúvica (TGP) e fosfatase alcalina (FA) (para análise do funcionamento hepático), glicemia e lactato desidrogenase. Os órgãos foram avaliados por meio de análise histopatológica. Resultados: No Estudo I, o MO foi o único método que esterilizou os dispositivos (p<0,05; ANOVA 1-fator/Tukey HSD) e o protocolo de contaminação foi considerado adequado, com formação de biofilme composto por hifas e leveduras viáveis (1,2 x 106 UFC/mL). Não foram observadas alterações clínicas nos palatos dos animais. Foram observadas regiões despapiladas nas 11 línguas dos animais dos grupos In, Dc e In+Dc em até quatro dias após a indução da infecção. A recuperação de C. albicans a partir das coletas foi considerada baixa e os maiores valores foram obtidos no grupo In+Dc. Histologicamente, os tecidos apresentaram-se sem alterações epiteliais e no conjuntivo. Estando os animais sob antibioticoterapia, o valor recuperado de C. albicans foi 10 vezes superior para o grupo In+Dc após a instalação da infecção (1,3 x 104 UFC/mL). Foram observados eritema puntiforme e edema tecidual no palato e despapilação na língua desses animais. Histologicamente, foram observados microabscessos e infiltrado inflamatório no palato, além de invasão fúngica no epitélio das línguas. No Estudo II, a Clx provocou perda de peso (p=0,001) e redução no consumo de ração (p=0,008; ANOVA 2-fatores de medidas repetidas/Tukey HSD) e aumento nos níveis de TGO (p=0,026) e TGP (p=0,009) e redução nos níveis de FA (p=0,020; teste T nãopareado). Histologicamente, foram encontradas maiores alterações hepáticas (p=0,009; teste Qui-quadrado) para os animais do grupo CN e maiores alterações gástricas (p=0,05), para o grupo Clx, os quais apresentaram danos moderados (escore 3). Conclusão: No Estudo I, o método MO esterilizou os dispositivos; biofilme de C. albicans foi formado sobre os mesmos e a estomatite protética em animais sob antibioticoterapia foi evidenciada macroscopicamente, microscopicamente e histologicamente. No estudo II, a Clx administrada por gavage causou hepatotoxicidade e danos gástricos nos animais.
Purpose: This Dissertation was composed by two studies. The first study evaluated sterilization methods of acrylic palatal devices for animal use, as well as performed their contamination with Candida albicans. In addition, the duration of oral candidosis induced by different protocols in immunocompetent Wistar rats and the effectiveness of the induction of denture stomatitis in immunocompetent Wistar rats under antibiotic therapy was analyzed. The second one evaluated the effectiveness of histological and biochemical parameters as markers of acute hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and gastric toxicity caused by gavage administration of toxic doses of chlorhexidine (Chx) in Wistar rats. Material and methods: For the first study, acrylic devices were made from impressions of the animals’ palate with individual trays and polyether. Sterilization of the devices (n=5) was verified after submission to microwave (MW), ultraviolet light (UV), ultrasonic bath (US), or none method (NC), and assessed by colony viability and spectrophotometric analyses. Then, devices’ contamination with C. albicans was performed and confirmed by counting Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL (n=6) and by laser confocal microscopy (n=5). Subsequently, 20 animals were divided into five groups (n=4): Nc=none protocol; Id=cementation of a sterile intraoral device; In=inoculation of a C. albicans suspension on the palate, without wearing a device; Cd=cementation of a device contamined by C. albicans; In+Cd=junction of In and Cd groups. The rats were monitored for one week to verify the presence of clinical signs of oral candidosis by taking photographs of their palates and tongues. CFU/mL counts were determined from the collected material of their palates using swabs. After one week, euthanasia was performed and the palates and tongues were removed for histopathological analysis. Finally, other animals of Nc (n=2), Id (n=6), or In+Cd groups (n=6) received tetracycline in the drinking water 7 days before being submitted to the protocols. After the disease installation period (four days using the devices), the same analyzes were performed. For the second study, two groups were evaluated (n=9): NC=administration of 1.5 mL of distilled water (vehicle) via gavage or Chx=1.5 g/Kg of Chx diluted in the vehicle. After 24 h, the animals had their blood collected and organs removed. In the plasma, the levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid (for kidney assessment), glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) (for liver assessment), glycemia and lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed. The organs were evaluated by histopathological analysis. Results: In the first study, MW was the only method capable of sterilizing the devices (p<0.05; ANOVA 1-way/Tukey HSD), and the protocol used for contamination was considered satisfactory, developing a biofilm composed by viable hyphae and yeasts (1.2 x 106 CFU/mL). No clinical changes were observed in the palates of the animals. Areas of localized papillary atrophy were observed on the tongue dorsum of animals from In, Cd, and In+Cd groups until four days after the infection installation. The recovery of C. albicans was considered low and the highest values were obtained from the In+Cd group. Histologically, no alterations were observed. With the animals under antibiotic 13 therapy, the recovered values of C. albicans were 10 times higher for the In+Cd group after the infection installation (1.3 x 104 CFU/mL). It was observed localized erythema and tissue edema on the palatal mucosa and papillary atrophy on tongue dorsum of these animals. Histologically, microabscesses and inflammatory infiltrate in the palate, as well as fungal invasion in the tongue epithelium were also observed. In the second study, Clx caused weight loss (p=0.001), and reduction in food intake (p=0.008; ANOVA 2-way for the repeated measures/Tukey HSD), respiratory distress, and an increase in GOT (p=0.026) and GPT levels (p = 0.009), and decrease in AP levels (p=0.020; unpaired t-test). Microscopically, higher hepatic alterations (p=0.009; Chi-squared test) were found for NC group and higher gastric alterations (p=0.05), for Chx group, which showed moderate changes (score 3). Conclusion: In the first study, MW sterilized the devices; C. albicans biofilm was formed on their surfaces; denture stomatitis in animals under antibiotic therapy was evidenced macroscopically, microscopically, and histologically. In the second study, Chx gavage administration caused hepatotoxicity and gastric damage.
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Deynoux, Margaux. "Incidence de l'hypoxie sur le métabolisme oxydatif des leucémies aiguës myéloïdes : établissement et caractérisation d'un modèle in vitro de niche leucémique." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3303.
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Dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes (LAM), un taux élevé d’espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) est connu pour favoriser la prolifération de blastes, alors qu’un niveau faible promeut la quiescence des cellules souches leucémiques. La faible oxygénation, ou hypoxie, de la niche médullaire pourrait contribuer à la chimiorésistance des LAM en diminuant le stress oxydatif. Les facteurs induits par l’hypoxie (HIF) sont impliqués dans le contrôle du métabolisme et des enzymes antioxydantes. Leur inhibition conduit à un stress et à la mort des cellules de LAM. Mon objectif était d’étudier un lien entre l’hypoxie, le métabolisme oxydatif et la chimiorésistance dans un modèle in vitro de culture de cellules de LAM. L’acquisition d’un profil hypoxique par les cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH), cultivées avec des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses (CSM) médullaires, a été montré. Nous avons postulé que les cellules leucémiques pouvaient également l’acquérir en coculture avec des CSM humaines. Pour le démontrer, nous avons cultivé des cellules de LAM primaires ou de la lignée MV4-11 sur des CSM humaines primaires ou de la lignée HS-27a. A l’instar des CSH, nous avons identifié trois populations leucémiques en fonction de leur capacité d’adhésion sur les CSM : en suspension, adhérentes aux CSM et nichées dans les CSM. Les cellules nichées, les plus adhérentes, ont une plus forte expression du CXCR4 que les autres. Elles sont aussi plus résistantes de 2 à 7 fois à la cytarabine. Cependant, aucune modification du phénotype souche et des capacités clonogéniques, de repopulation ou de xénogreffe, n’a pu être associée aux cellules nichées comparées aux deux autres populations. En revanche, les cellules nichées présentent un profil hypoxique, une plus faible prolifération avec une augmentation de la phase G0, et de plus faibles niveaux de ROS en lien avec une masse mitochondriale diminuée. Ceci suggère donc un lien entre la chimiorésistance et l’hypoxie ou le métabolisme, plutôt qu’avec une capacité souche. Nous avons aussi montré que l’acriflavine, un inhibiteur non spécifique des HIF, pouvait avoir un effet synergique avec la cytarabine sur les cellules nichées chimiorésistantes. Nos résultats montrent que le surnageant ou le simple contact avec les CSM ne suffisent pas à induire le changement métabolique et la résistance à la cytarabine. Nous pensons que l’hypoxie dans la niche peut moduler le métabolisme oxydatif et donc la chimiorésistance par des mécanismes directs et/ou indirects via l’expression de CXCR4, montré récemment comme impliqué dans la régulation du stress oxydatif des CSHIn acute myeloid leukemia, a high level of ROS is known to favor blasts proliferation, whereas a low level promotes stem cells quiescence. The low oxygenation, or hypoxia, of the bone marrow niche could contribute to chemoresistance of AML cells by reducing the oxidative stress. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are involved in the control of the cell metabolism and antioxidant enzymes. HIFs inhibition leads to AML cells stress and death. The purpose of this work was to study a link between hypoxia, oxidative metabolism and chemoresistance in an in vitro model of leukemic cell culture. The acquisition of a hypoxic profile by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) cultured with medullary mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), has been shown. We hypothesized that AML cells may also acquire such profile in a coculture with human MSCs. To demonstrate that, we cultivated primary AML cells or the MV4-11 cell line on primary human MSCs or the HS-27a cell line. Like HSCs, we identified three leukemic populations according to their adhesion capacity to MSCs: in suspension, adherent to MSCs and embedded in MSCs. Embedded cells, the most adherent, have stronger CXCR4 expression compared to the others. They are also 2- to 7-fold more resistance to cytarabine. However, no change in the stem cell phenotype profile and in the clonogenic, repopulation or xenograft capacities, could be associated with the embedded cells compared to other populations. In contrast, embedded cells present a hypoxic profile, a weak proliferation with increased G0 phase, and lower ROS level that may rely on lower mitochondrial mass. This suggests that chemoresistance mainly relies on hypoxia or cell metabolism rather than a higher stem cell capacity. Furthermore, we have shown that acriflavine, a non-specific HIF inhibitor, could synergize with the cytarabine to eliminate embedded chemoresistant cells. Our results show that the MSC supernatant or a simple contact are not sufficient to induce metabolic change and resistance to cytarabine. We assume that hypoxia in the niche may modulate the oxidative metabolism and the chemoresistance by direct mechanisms and/or indirect ones through CXCR4 expression, a chemokine receptor shown to be involved in the regulation of the oxidative stress in HSC
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Wei-Chung and 陳韋仲. "The effects of plant growth regulators（PGRs）on acute toxicity and embryo toxicity test in freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25396923519311160861.
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碩士中山醫學大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
97
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) is one kind of the pesticides, and they have been widely used as crop, flowers and turf. The main function is regulate the growth of the plant. Only few plant growth regulators be studied research in the environmental and biological research at present, others have no animal''s toxicity test yet. The present study were performed acute toxicity test, embryo development test, and recorded the rate of target organ been effected by the chemicals to evaluate the toxicities of atonik, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, ethephon and paclobutrazol by neonate and embryo of Daphnia magna, respectively. In acute toxicity test, the 48 hour LC50 value of atonik, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, ethephon and paclobutrazol were 18.88 mg/L, 1.51 mg/L, 14.66 mg/L, 125.32 mg/L and 25.64 mg/L, respectively. In embryo development test, the 72 hour EC50 value of atonik, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, ethephon and paclobutrazol were 23.98 mg/L, 0.58 mg/L, 16.71 mg/L, 102.62 mg/L and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. The results indicate that the cytokinin is toxic to neonate, the paclobutrazol is toxic to embryo, and the ethephon is mild toxic to neonate and embryo of Daphnia magna. It was also observed that the malpighian tube of Daphnia magna is the more sensitive than the other organs. The present study indicate that the embryo development test with target organ effected rate were more sensitive than traditional acute toxicity test. Suggest that the method may be apply in environmental toxicants evaluation.
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Chen, I.-Chun, and 陳宜君. "Using Daphnia magna acute toxicity test to study the quantitative structure-activity relationships of organophosphorus pesticides." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73011095421523394000.
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碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
102
This study present the toxicity data of ten organothiophosphorus compounds to Daphnia magna using 48-hours acute toxicity test. Results indicate that Phoxim is the most toxic compound, the reason caused higher toxicity of Phoxim is dependent on its higher charge density due to benzyl cyanide group. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were established between the EC50 values and various molecular descriptors, and a highly predictive two-variable QSAR models were obtained. According to QSAR models, the toxic mechanism was highly related to hydrophobicity of these compounds, and this result indicated that organothiophosphorus compounds caused toxicity to Daphnia magna mainly due to permeate through membrances, changing the components of the cell membrances. Adding reactive parameters slightly improve the r2 values indicated that the reaction rate of the organothiophosphate with AChE, the conversion of organothiophosphate to organophosphate and the molecule polarity are not rate-limiting steps. The preliminary environmental risk assessment was conducted following the European Union RQ model. Results point out that most of these compounds exist potential risks to aquatic environment. Risk quotient derived from acute and estimated chronic toxicity data were different, using acute toxicity data may overestimate the risk quotient value.
Books on the topic "Acute toxicity test"
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Pratt, Richard. A 96-hr static renewal acute lethal toxicity test (LCb50s) of pentachlorophenol to the first larval stage of Pandalus danae. Bellingham, Wash: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1988.
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International Group of National Associations of Agrochemical Manufacturers. GIFAP position paper on acute toxicity tests. Bruxelles, Belgique: International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products, 1988.
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Agency, OECD Nuclear Energy. Acute oral toxicity: Up-and-down procedure (UDP). Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006.
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Hunn, Joseph B. History of acute toxicity tests with fish, 1863-1987. LaCrosse, Wis. (P.O. Box 818, LaCrosse 54602): U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Research Center--LaCrosse, 1989.
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Mayer, F. L. Manual of acute toxicity: Interpretation and data base for 410 chemicals and 66 species of freshwater animals. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1986.
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Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test. OECD, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264069961-en.
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Test No. 402: Acute Dermal Toxicity. OECD, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264070585-en.
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Test No. 403: Acute Inhalation Toxicity. OECD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264070608-en.
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Test No. 401: Acute Oral Toxicity. OECD, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264040113-en.
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Test No. 213: Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test. OECD, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264070165-en.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Acute toxicity test"
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Volans, G. N. "Acute Toxicity Test Data — Has It Any Relevance for the Management of Acute Drug Overdose in man?" In The Contribution of Acute Toxicity Testing to the Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals, 34–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70390-4_5.
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Garcia, Ana, Sonia Recillas, Antoni Sánchez, and Xavier Font. "The Luminescent Bacteria Test to Determine the Acute Toxicity of Nanoparticle Suspensions." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 255–59. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_18.
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Ulm, L., J. Vrzina, V. Schiesl, D. Puntaric, and Z. Smit. "Sensitivity comparison of the conventional acute Daphnia magna immobilization test with the Daphtoxkit F™ microbiotest for household products." In New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, 247–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4289-6_27.
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Nordmann, H. "Grip Strength Test and Infrared Thermometry as Non-Invasive Methods to Complement Acute Toxicity Data in Mice." In Archives of Toxicology, 435–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69928-3_99.
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Zaleska-Radziwill, M. "Toxicity assessment of chemicals using conventional acute Daphnia magna tests, Toxkits and Fluotox microbiotests." In New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, 273–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4289-6_31.
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Pérez-Legaspi, Ignacio Alejandro, and Roberto Rico-Martínez. "Acute toxicity tests on three species of the genus Lecane (Rotifera: Monogononta)." In Rotifera IX, 375–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0756-6_48.
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Maul, Armand. "Determination of Endpoints in Acute and Chronic Toxicity Tests by Using Generalized Linear Models." In Statistical Methods in Toxicology, 132–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48736-1_14.
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Rahimah, S. B., Y. Kharisma, M. K. Dewi, J. Hartati, and W. Maharani. "Acute toxicity test for the ethanolic extract of the white oyster mushroom." In Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 41–43. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003016700-9.
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Bierkens, J., P. Corbisier, and R. Weltens. "Has the acute toxicity test on Eisenia foetida potential to assess the retention function of natural soils?" In Groundwater 2000, 71–72. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078593-36.
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"—ACUTE SYSTEMIC TOXICITY TESTS." In Acute Toxicology Testing, 223–60. CRC Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439805213-16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Acute toxicity test"
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Liu, Ting, Zhulei Chen, Qian Fu, Bofen Shi, and Lie Yang. "Acute Toxicity Test of Landfill Leachates Using Protozoan Communities." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515286.
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Li, Xiaomei, and Na Zhang. "Notice of Retraction: The Acute Toxicity Test of Phaseolus vulgaris Saponin." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515767.
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Iancu, Irina Mihaela, Laura Adriana Bucur, Verginica Schröder, and Manuela Rossemary Apetroaei. "TESTING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LYTHRI HERBA EXTRACT FOR APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/26.
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"Nowadays we are witnessing an increased interest in phytotherapy and implicitly for herbal products that have lower side effects. One medicinal plant whose popularity has decreased significantly in recent years is Lythrum salicaria L., loosestrife, known in Romanian traditional medicine for its beneficial effects against gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological activity of three different extracts (aqueous, alcoholic, acetonic) from the flower tips of Lythrum salicaria L. using the BSLA (Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay) test and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts on two reference bacterial strains which are important for the medical field (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) through the diffusimetric method. We demonstrated the fact that the Lythri herba plant product extracts (aqueous, alcoholic, and acetonic) lack acute toxicity, as well as the moderate antibacterial effect on the Gram-positive reference strain, Staphylococcus aureus, thus highlighting the possibility of using the plant in biomedical applications."
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Hawthorne, Steven B., Arnaud J. M. Lagadec, David J. Miller, and Peter J. Hammond. "Non-Oxidative Destruction of TNT, RDX, and HMX on Contaminated Soil Using Subcritical (Hot/Liquid) Water." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4792.
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Subcritical (hot/liquid) water was used in a simple static (non-flowing) vessel to treat three soils from former defense sites which were contaminated with the explosives TNT (12 wt.%), or RDX (0.62 wt.%) and HMX (0.16 wt. %). Significant degradation of RDX began at 100 C, and at 125 C for TNT and HMX, with the bulk of the undergraded explosives remaining in the soil rather than in the water phase. Based on HPLC/UV analysis, intermediate degradation products formed, but quickly degraded at < 250 C. Remediations performed using a generator-powered mobile pilot-scale unit (4 to 6 kg soil) with 4-L of water at 275 C for 1 h of real soils resulted in > 99.9% destrcution of TNT and HMX, and > 99.5% desstruction of RDX. None of the mutagenic nitroso derivatives of RDX and HMX were formed. “Microtox” acute toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri showed no significant (compared to background) residual toxicity in either the process wastewaters or leachates from the treated soils. The operation is closed-loop (no air or water emissions), and process water can be recycled without treatment. Initial cost analysis indicates that the process should be competitive with other approaches such as bioremediation.
Reports on the topic "Acute toxicity test"
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Keur, M. C., and N. H. B. M. Kaag. Toxicity of 3 water samples tested with the Acute fresh crustacean test using Daphnia magna : Test report. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/499251.
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Specht, W. L. Results of acute and chronic toxicity tests conducted at SRS NPDES outfalls, July--October 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102651.
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Specht, W. L. Results of acute and chronic toxicity tests conducted at SRS NPDES outfalls, July--October 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7092015.
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Comparison of results from alternative acute toxicity tests with rainbow trout for selected mine effluents. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306922.
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