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Hafermalz, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Einfluß der präoperativen myokardialen Ischämiebelastung auf die 30-Tage-Mortalität nach ACVB-Operation / Matthias Hafermalz." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023022753/34.
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Lindner, Kornelia [Verfasser], Ralf [Gutachter] Keller, and Thorsten [Gutachter] Walles. "Der Stellenwert der Ösophago-gastro-duodenoskopie bei asymptomatischen Patienten vor oraler Antikoagulationstherapie, ACVB-OP oder Herzklappenersatz / Kornelia Lindner. Gutachter: Ralf Keller ; Thorsten Walles." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111785759/34.
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Möllmann, Johanna [Verfasser]. "Einfluss der prä- vs. postoperativen IABP-Implantation bei Patienten im kardiogenen Schock auf die 30-Tage- und 1-Jahres-Mortalität nach ACVB-Operation / Johanna Möllmann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079525092/34.
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Lendermann, Bernadette Annegret. "Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor-alpha-(TNF-[alpha])-Plasmakonzentration [Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor-alpha-(TNF-alpha)-Plasmakonzentration] und systolische und diastolische linksventrikuläre Herzfunktion nach aorto-coronar-venöser Bypassoperation (ACVB) unter Einsatz einer Herz-Lungen-Maschine (HLM)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96946634X.
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Caldas, Lucas Rosse. "Avaliação do ciclo de vida energético e de emissões de CO2 de uma edificação habitacional unifamiliar de light steel framing." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/21060.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-07-13T12:46:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LucasRosseCaldas.pdf: 4093869 bytes, checksum: 07561542141eab0ea9479f40c915fcc0 (MD5)
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Com a crise energética que o Brasil vem enfrentando e a pressão internacional para a diminuição das emissões de CO2, nota-se o aumento, nos últimos anos, de pesquisas relacionadas à produção de edificações considerando estes dois aspectos ambientais. Na produção das vedações verticais de edificações habitacionais, algumas tecnologias têm sido utilizadas, entre elas o light steel framing (LSF), as quais precisam atender requisitos e critérios de desempenho do usuário, relacionadas à segurança, habitabilidade e sustentabilidade ambiental. Uma forma de medir o desempenho ambiental de um produto ou processo é a avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV), que está sendo aplicada nas edificações. Muitos trabalhos de ACV tem tido como foco questões relacionadas ao consumo de energia e emissões de CO2 ao longo do seu ciclo de vida, o que resultou no surgimento dos termos Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida Energético (ACVE) e Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de Emissões de CO2 (ACVCO2). Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a realização da ACVE e ACVCO2 de uma edificação habitacional unifamiliar (EHU) localizada em Brasília – DF. Foram comparados dois diferentes sistemas de vedação vertical (externa e interna): light steel framing (LSF) e blocos cerâmicos de vedação convencional (VC), considerando o ciclo de vida completo da EHU, também chamado de berço ao túmulo, a partir das etapas de pré-uso, uso e pós-uso da edificação. A metodologia utilizada se baseou em estudos nacionais e internacionais, realizados por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e da aplicação a um estudo de caso. Foram utilizados diferentes dados de inventário, obtidos da literatura, para valores mínimos, médios e máximos. As equações utilizadas foram aplicadas em planilhas eletrônicas e foi utilizado o software de simulação termoenergética, DesignBuilder, para obtenção do consumo de energia e emissões de CO2 na etapa operacional da edificação em estudo, avaliando a relação do desempenho térmico dos sistemas de vedação vertical. O sistema de VC apresentou melhor desempenho térmico quando comparado ao sistema de LSF, no entanto, esta diferença não resultou significativa no consumo de energia e emissões de CO2. A EHU de VC apresentou maior consumo de energia total quando comparada a EHU de LSF, para as situações de valores mínimos e médios. Em relação às emissões totais de CO2, a habitação de VC apresentou maior valor para as três situações de dados. A etapa de uso se mostrou a mais impactante ao longo do ciclo de vida das habitações. Com participação da fase operacional variando de 65 a 75% para energia e 58 a 70% para emissões de CO2, e de manutenção com 15 a 20% para energia e 11 a 18% para emissões, seguida da etapa de pré-uso, variando de 8 a 17% para energia e de 14 a 28% para as emissões. A etapa de pós-uso apresentou participação inferior a 1% tanto para energia como também para as emissões de carbono. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que além do aspecto do consumo de energia é interessante avaliar questões das emissões de CO2. Por fim, destaca-se que para a realidade de Brasília a partir dos dados adotados neste trabalho o LSF foi o sistema de vedação vertical mais vantajoso do ponto de vista energético e de emissões de carbono. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
With the energy crisis that Brazil is facing and international pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, there is an increase in recent years in research related to the production of buildings considering these two environmental aspects. In the production of wall system of residential buildings, some technologies have been used, like the light steel framing (LSF), which must meet user requirements and performance criteria related to safety, livability and environmental sustainability. One way to measure the environmental performance of a product or process is the life cycle assessment (LCA), wich is being applied in buildings. Many LCA studies has been focused on issues related to energy consumption and CO2 emissions throughout its life cycle, resulting in the emergence of terms Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) and Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment (LCCO2A). In this context, this study aimed to study the application of LCEA and LCCO2A of two single-family residential building located in Brasília - DF. It was compared different wall systems (external and internal): light steel framing (LSF) and brick masonry (BM), considering the full life cycle of the residential buildings, also called cradle to grave, including pre-use, use and post-use phases of the buildings. The methodology used was based on national and international studies, conducted through literature review and application to a case study. Different inventory data were used, obtained from the literature, for minimum, medium and maximum values. The equations used were applied in spreadsheets and was used a thermo-energetic simulation software, DesignBuilder to study the relation between the thermal performance of the wall systems and the energy and CO2 emissions due to the air conditioning. The BM system showed better thermal performance compared to the LSF system, however, this difference did not result in significant energy consumption and CO2 emissions in operational phase. The BM building had higher total energy consumption when compared to LSF building to situations of minimum and medium values. Related to the total CO2 emissions, BM building showed a higher value for the three situations. The use phase showed the most impressive throughout the life cycle of buildings, with contribution from operational stage ranging from 65 to 75% for energy, 58 to 70% for CO2 emissions, maintained between 15 and 20% for energy and 11 to 18% for carbon emissions, followed by the pre-use phase varying 8-17% for energy and 14-28% of CO2 emissions. The post-use stage had participation below 1% for energy and CO2 emissions. Thus, it was concluded that in addition to the aspect of energy consumption is interesting to evaluate issues of CO2 emissions. Finally, to the reality of Brasilia, from the data adopted in this study, the LSF was the more advantageous vertical system from the energetic and carbon point of view.
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Shiau, Chia-Yang. "Mechanistic studies on ACV synthetase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240371.
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Chai, Qian. "ASSEMBLY AND DEGRADATION OF A TRIMERIC MEMBRANE PROTEIN ACRB." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/63.
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Multidrug efflux pumps are membrane proteins that actively transport foreign objects out of cells. The active efflux of these pumps is a critical self-defense mechanism that enables the survival of bacteria under hostile environments. Efflux pump AcrB is a member of the Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) super family. In E. coli, it associates with periplasmic protein AcrA and outer membrane channel TolC to extrude a variety of noxious compounds out of cell from both the cytoplasm and the periplasm. My dissertation research focused on two aspects of this multidrug efflux pump: the oligomerization process during the biogenesis of AcrB and its degradation.
Oligomerization is an important aspect of the structure and function for many proteins and has been the subject of many studies. However, most of such studies focused on soluble proteins. The oligomerization process of membrane proteins, including AcrB, is rarely explored. In chapter 2, the co-assembly of AcrB variants co-expressed in the same cell was used as a tool to investigate the assembly of AcrB trimers during its bio-production. By monitoring the portion of pure trimers containing only one type of subunit and hybrid trimers containing a mixture of the two kinds of subunits, it was found that the oligomerization of membrane proteins is not a random process as the formation of pure trimer is favored.
In chapter 3, the GALLEX system was used to monitor AcrB oligomerization in cells under the native condition. Previously GALLEX has only been used to monitor the oligomerization of small transmembrane proteins. By constructing a series of fusion proteins with different linker length between LexA and AcrB, and optimizing inducer concentration, we finally developed a system that could be used to differentiate AcrB trimers of different oligomerization affinities.
While chapters 2 and 3 focus on the trimerization of AcrB, a critical step of its biogenesis, chapters 4 and 5 focus on its life time and degradation. In chapter 4, the life time of AcrB was measured by incorporating non-natural amino acid azidohomoalanine (AHA) into protein translation. Using this method, it was determined that that the half-life of both AcrA and AcrB in E. coli were six days. The surprisingly long lifetime of these detoxification proteins might represent a strategy by the bacteria to conserve energy and maximize their competition niche for survival in a hostile environment.
In chapter 5, the degradation process of ssra tagged AcrB was investigated. In-vivo degradation test showed that properly inserted AcrB can be digested after addition of ssra-tag to its C-terminus. It was found that cytoplasmic unfoldase-protease complex ClpXP and chaperone SspB are involved in the degradation. In vitro assay is still being optimized to quantitatively analyze the activity of ClpXP in the degradation of AcrB.
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Trautwein, Kathrin. "Präklinische Evaluierung des chirurgischen Navigationssystems „Surgical Cartographic Navigation System“ für die total endoskopische Bypassoperation an Herzphantomen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-77889.
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Herzinfarkt und Tod stellen häufige Folgen der koronaren Herzerkrankung dar, die durch eine rechtzeitige aortokoronare Bypassoperation vermieden werden können. Im Gegensatz zur klassischen offenen Operation bieten minimal invasive Verfahren entscheidende Vorteile. Die erschwerte Orientierung stellt jedoch eine große Herausforderung in der minimal invasiven Herzchirurgie dar, insbesondere bei der Verwendung telemanipulatorischer Systeme, wie bei der total endoskopischen Bypassoperation (TECAB). Die Entwicklung des „Surgical Cartographic Navigation System“ (SCNS) verspricht eine deutliche Verbesserung der Orientierung des Chirurgen mithilfe der Nutzung modernster Techniken der Augmentierten Realität. Hierbei wird auf der Basis von CT-Datensätzen ein virtuelles Herzmodell geschaffen, welches als Grundlage der assistierten Navigation dient. Im Speziellen wird bei der durch das SCNS unterstützten TECAB Operation die aufzufindende Koronararterie in das Sichtfeld des Endoskopes projiziert („augmentiert“). Ziel dieses Dissertationsvorhabens war die Evaluation der klinischen Anwendbarkeit des SCNS während einer Simulation einer Inzision mit dem da Vinci™-System auf fünf individuell angefertigten Herzphantomen. Es sollte überprüft werden, ob der Chirurg mit Hilfe der Unterstützung durch die SCNS Sicht mit eingeblendeter Koronararterie einen direkten Kontakt zur LAD (Left Anterior Descending), der häufigsten Zielarterie der TECAB, herstellen kann. In einem Studienkollektiv, bestehend aus zehn medizinisch unerfahrenen Personen und zehn Herzchirurgen, wurde die Treffergenauigkeit der SCNS-gestützten Auffindung der LAD in insgesamt 300 Testversuchen überprüft. Insgesamt konnte die Arterie in 58 % der Fälle korrekt identifiziert werden. Dabei lag kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen vor. Hiermit konnte die klinische Anwendbarkeit des SCNS für die TECAB erstmals gezeigt werden. Des Weiteren wurden zwei Faktoren als vordringliche Ziele für zukünftige Fortentwicklungen identifiziert: Die Optimierung von Landmarken für die Registrierung des Herzens sowie die verbesserte optische Darstellung der Augmentierten Realität im Endoskopiesichtfeld. Zusammengefasst konnte in diesem Dissertationsvorhaben in einer umfassenden Studie gezeigt werden, dass das SCNS einen erfolgversprechenden Lösungsansatz für die Behebung kritischer Orientierungsprobleme der minimal invasiven Herzchirurgie bei der TECAB bietet. Die hier gewonnenen Erkenntnisse stellen die Grundlage für weitergehende Studien zur Fortentwicklung des SCNS dar, die vor einem klinischen Ersteinsatz erfolgen müssenIn the therapy of coronary heart disease minimally invasive and endoscopic methods offer considerable benefits to the patient, while for the surgeon difficult orientation and missing haptic feedback are still the leading problems in Endoscopic Bypass Grafting with telemanipulative systems. To support the surgeon with improved vision, a three dimensional model of the coronary artery tree based on CT scans is integrated into the view of the endoscope. The “Surgical Cartographic Navigation System” (SCNS) is a tool which provides this feature called Augmented Reality (AR). Aim of this study was the first technical analysis of the SCNS during a simulation of an incision with the da Vinci™ surgical system on an electronic heart phantom. The hypotheses was that with the guidance of the SCNS augmented reality view, the surgeon can perform a direct contact to the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery (LAD). Five anatomically correct heart phantoms were created using the rapid prototyping technology. The heart models were covered with an electrical conducting layer for the detection of the contact with the coronary artery or with the surrounding tissue. A 3D model of the coronary artery tree based on a CT scan was registered to the heart phantom and overlaid into the video screen of the da Vinci™ robot master console. Ten inexperienced medical students and ten experienced heart surgeons used the SCNS in a surgery simulation with the goal of finding the LAD artery and contacting the LAD with robot instruments. In 300 test runs 58 % of both groups hit the LAD correctly. The overlaid information created with the SCNS enables the surgeon to correctly identify the coronary artery. The clinical applicability of the SCNS for the TECAB Operation is hereby demonstrated. These findings are the basis for further studies on the further development of the SCNS, that is necessary before a clinical first-use
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Zhou, Wenchang [Verfasser]. "Computational studies of AcrB, a Multidrug Efflux Pump / Wenchang Zhou." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1081016647/34.
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Arezi, Bahram. "Mutational analysis of ACV synthetase in fungi." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265916.
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Boshoff, Shanie. "Kapasiteitsbou van informele gemeenskapsgebaseerde organisasies deur maatskaplike werkers van die ACVV." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1579.
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Thesis (M Social Work (Social Work))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.This research addresses the problem of how formal organisations can assist on building the capacity of informal community based organisations (CBO’s). Although informal CBO’s are being regarded as valuable resources rendering much needed services to marginalized communities, they are at present still exclude from governmental funding, because they do not meet the requirements prescribed by the state. To obtain the funds which will enable informal CBO’s to render effective and sustainable services to marginalized and poor vulnerable communities, it is from the developmental perspective in welfare crucial to build the capacity of these informal CBO’s. As a point of departure the researcher provides a general picture of the current structure of social service providers in South Africa. This is done, first of all, by conceptualizing “social service providers” within the context of general concepts such as “social welfare” and “social work”. In this respect a schematic representation provides a general picture of the various categories of social service providers involved, followed by a concise description of each, including their focuses, roles and responsibilities. This necessitates that a distinction should be drawn between the government sector, parastatal organisations, profit-yielding non-governmental organisations and non-governmental organisations without a profit-seeking motive. The concept “capacity building” is explored in accordance with the policy and legislative framework applicable to the capacity building of informal CBO’s by formal welfare organisations. This framework is supplemented by a description of other key concepts which have a bearing on the capacity building of informal CBO’s by formal welfare organisations, such as “empowerment” and “development”. Emanating from this an attempt is made to formulate the objective of the capacity building of informal CBO’s by formal welfare organisations. From the diversity of the developmental requirements and the obstacles informal CBO’s experience, aims for obtaining capacity building are deduced.
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Chaabane, Ratib. "Entre ACV et étude d'impact : synthèse et développements méthodologiques." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0011.
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Après avoir procédé à l'étude critique des différentes méthodes d'Analyse du Cycle de Vie (A. C. V), il est montré que leur mise en œuvre doit sans aucun doute être informatisée et faire appel à des révisions conceptuelles conséquentes. En particulier, il est essentiel de remettre en question la pratique de l'unité fonctionnelle et de concevoir différemment les apports de l'analyse multicritère aux ACY. Du point de vue méthodologique, on a été conduit à développer un nouvel indice environnemental concernant les pertes de matières premières, à proposer une nouvelle approche de l'évaluation de l'écotoxicité en en reconnaissant la spécificité locale et à gommer la différenciation traditionnelle entre Etude d'Impact (E 1) et ACY, tendant ainsi vers la conception finale d'études d'impacts comparatives des cycles de vie dont la probabilité peut conduire à la réalisation d'études de risques présentés par les cycles de vie de produitsAfter a critical study of the different LCA methods, it is shown that their realization must without doubt be computerized and appeal to the consequent conceptual revisions. Especially, it is essential to face up to the functional unit practice and to differently conceive the contributions of multi-criteria analysis to LCA. Concerning methodology, one has been induced to develop a new indication of raw materials losses, to give a new approach to the ecotoxical characterization by taking local specificity into account and to erase traditional differentiation between impact study and LCA. Thus, one tends to the final idea of comparative Impacts studies of life cycle, which probability may drive to the realization of risks impacts assessment of product life cycles
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Azócar, Geraldo Gregorio Nilo Antonio. "Diseño de un centro de rehabilitación para pacientes ACV." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115559.
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Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de EmpresasEl objetivo general de este trabajo se circunscribió a la evaluación de la factibilidad estratégica, técnica y económica, de un centro de apoyo terapéutico para la atención de pacientes crónicos, secuelados de Accidentes Cerebro Vasculares (ACV), que preste diversos servicios de habilitación y cuidados. La realización de este estudio obedece a una necesidad de la vida moderna, con tendencia a una convivencia agitada, y a la vez físicamente sedentaria. Esto, nos está exponiendo a sufrir una serie de enfermedades asociadas. Una de las cuales es el ACV, de consecuencias gravísimas, en muchos casos invalidante, e importante causa de fallecimiento en nuestro país. En pos de este objetivo, y bajo un enfoque metodológico holístico, se desarrollaron elementos centrales para un plan de negocios, que forman parte del modelo de diseño e implementación de una Planificación Estratégica. La metodología se compone de una fase declarativa, donde se definió la misión y visión del centro terapéutico; y una fase analítica, donde se estudiaron el medio externo e interno, de la iniciativa de negocios. Con ello, se efectuó la identificación de los factores críticos de éxito y de las competencias distintivas, y se definieron las líneas estratégicas de acción. Se estableció el modelo de negocio, comenzando con la identificación de su ventaja competitiva sostenible, y sus ventajas transitorias. Se determinó la estrategia, y se construyó la cadena de valor correspondiente. Finalmente, se realizó la evaluación económica de la iniciativa, para establecer su viabilidad financiera. En la identificación de los factores críticos de éxito destacaron: la Disponibilidad de Capacidades Técnicas, la Orientación al Grupo Familiar, la Oferta de Servicio de Calidad, y la Habilitación de Canal para Flujo de Pacientes. Para el caso de las competencias distintivas resaltan: el Modelo de Rehabilitación/Habilitación Familiar, el Emplazamiento y Habilitaciones del Centro, y el Personal Altamente Capacitado y Experimentado. Se hace necesario construir su ventaja competitiva sostenible, sobre su Personal Altamente Capacitado y Experimentado, y contar con dos ventajas transitorias: su Modelo de Habilitación Familiar y el Emplazamiento y Habilitaciones del Centro. El modelo de negocio, y la determinación de la estrategia y definición de líneas estratégicas de acción, se realizaron sobre la base de los estudios desarrollados en las fases anteriores. Así, se definió una Estrategia de Enfoque en la Diferenciación, y se establecieron cuatro líneas de acción principales, las que orientaron el diseño de la cadena de valor, estructura y controles. Finalmente, y a la luz de los supuestos, la aplicación del método del valor actual neto (VAN), descontado a una tasa que incorpora: el riesgo país, el riesgo del sector en EE.UU., la tasa de política monetaria y la inflación esperada, determinó un valor mayor que cero e igual a US$3.964.696, calificando al proyecto como una iniciativa de negocios económicamente viable. Realizada la evaluación de factibilidad estratégica, técnica y económica del proyecto en cuestión, se concluye que se trata de una iniciativa de negocios estratégica, técnica y económicamente viable. Se recomienda la realización de un análisis de oportunidad para la puesta en marcha del proyecto. Esto, con el fin de asegurar una demanda que de viabilidad a la implementación, y oportunidades de desarrollo de largo plazo, a este centro prestador de servicios de alto grado de especialización.
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Seeger, Markus Andreas. "Structural and functional insights into the multidrug efflux transporter AcrB of Escherichia coli /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17411.
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Pedroso, Gilson Marafiga. "Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida Energético (ACVE) de sistemas de vedação de habitações." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20953.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015.Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2015-12-03T19:31:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GilsonMarafigaPedroso.pdf: 11938234 bytes, checksum: 72172a8c54b6b1b7501041e350ed84a8 (MD5)
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O estudo da Energia Incorporada (EI) no contexto das pesquisas sobre sustentabilidade na cadeia produtiva da construção tem contribuído ainda de forma incipiente no meio científico e tecnológico do país. A partir de estudos de Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), tem-se desenvolvido estratégias de otimização das etapas complexas que essa requer, através da Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida Energético (ACVE). Este trabalho buscou discutir a ACVE nas etapas de pré-uso, uso e manutenção e desconstrução de um projeto típico de habitação térrea para o Distrito Federal no Brasil, de 45,64 m², abordando os sistemas de vedação vertical internos e externos. As vedações abordadas foram parede de concreto moldadas no local, alvenaria estrutural de blocos de concreto, steel frame e convencional. Buscou-se também realizar ensaios com a finalidade de obter a EI para a fase de desconstrução, abordando também a EI dos resíduos. Como resultados, verificou-se que as vedações em alvenaria estrutural apresentaram menor EI total. Em todas as situações, a etapa de desconstrução comportou-se como sendo a de menor EI, representando em média 1% da EI total. A etapa de uso e manutenção teve a maior EI para os sistemas abordados. Já a etapa de pré-uso teve maior EI para dois sistemas, sendo as vedações de painéis de concreto com apenas uma utilização das fôrmas e as vedações em steel frame, o qual apresentou no conjunto das três etapas a maior EI total. A partir da análise dos resíduos das vedações na etapa de desconstrução, encontraram-se resultados de que os resíduos podem representar de 6 (seis)% até 11 (onze)% da EI total. Os estudos mostraram que nas condições específicas da pesquisa, os valores para EI total para as vedações foram de 13,17 GJ/m² até 31,99 GJ/m². ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The study of embodied energy (EE) in the research context of sustainability on the construction supply chain has contributed for science and technology in Brazil, but the researches are still incipient. Based on studies on Energy Life Cycle Assessment (Energy LCA), some strategies to optimize the complex phases of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been developed. This work discuss Energy LCA in the pre-use, use as well as demolition phases of a typical project of a social housing of one story of 45,64 m² in Distrito Federal, situated in Brazil. The thesis addresses internal and external walls. They addressed walls were concrete wall molded-in-place, structural masonry of concrete block, steel frame and traditional masonry. Tests were made to obtain the EE in the demolition phase, addressing EE of remnants. As a result, it was possible to verify that the structural masonry wasted less total EE than the others. In every analyzed situation, the demolition phase was the one that wasted less EE, representing 1% of the total EE. The use phase consumed the most part of the EE. The pre-use phase consumed the most part of the EE for concrete wall when it uses just one form and for steel frame which presents the higher spending of total EE throughout the three phases. Based on the analyze of the remnants of the internal and external walls in the demolition stage, the remnants can represent from 6% to 11% of total EE.The studies indicated that the amount of total EE for internal and external walls were from 13,17 GJ/m² to 31,99 GJ/m², at the specific conditions of this research.
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Cook, Brian, and Brian Cook. "(In)famous Angel: The Cherub Company and the Problem of Definition." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12369.
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This dissertation examines the effects of conventionally categorizing working artists and looks specifically at the Cherub Company, London, as a case study. Cherub was an alternative British theatre company whose work in the 1980s defied most of the categories which inscribed theatre practice in Britain. Because they did not fit canonical definitions, Cherub was said to be producing “bad” theatre. When governments, critics or historians use a canonical approach to separate the supposedly good from the bad, artists who do not conform are often ignored and become lost to history. In order to genealogically trace the influence of the Cherub Company and to accurately depict its legacy, this dissertation examines both the company’s archive and repertoire as well as the field of cultural production in which it operated. British theatre in the late 1970s was often hostile to foreign performance techniques, led by the opinions of the theatre staff of the Arts Council of Great Britain, the primary issuer of government arts subsidy. Cherub’s production of Two Noble Kinsmen melded a classic English text with Eastern European production methods and was derided by the ACGB. This response along with similar views on the company’s other early productions formed the backbone of the ACGB’s contention that Cherub should not receive subsidy. Despite the company’s maturation, demonstrated by the international success of their production of Kafka’s THE TRIAL,which won a Fringe First at the Edinburgh Festival, the ACGB continued to refuse subsidy. Eventually the company was selected by the British Council, a government organization whose mission was to send quality British cultural products abroad, for numerous international tours. These tours allowed the company to stay alive during the difficult years of the mid-1980s, though this also meant they were rarely producing in the UK. Ultimately, the company would lose its prominence, and though they continued producing into the new millennium, they never regained their former stature. Cherub’s story demonstrates that historiographic impact and importance should not be limited only to those who achieve conventional success, and this dissertation represents a more inclusive and less power-centered model for documenting and writing history.10000-01-01
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Vousden, William Alexander. "Mutational analysis of the ACV synthetase gene of Aspergillus nidulans." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366097.
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Bell, Mark Robert. "The theology of violence : just war, regicide and the end of time in the English Revolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cdb766b2-f75e-40b0-acfb-61196cc60ebe.
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This thesis investigates the theology of violence in early modern England. It finds that violence had an important place in the theology of the English Revolution, which is at variance with many twentieth-century perceptions of Christianity. After introducing these ideas in the first chapter, chapter two begins with an outline of the general conceptions of the relationship between the Divine and violence, contrasting the image of a God of peace with a God of war. It also outlines just war theory, which was central to early modern English views of legitimate violence. Additional aspects of contemporaries' conceptions involved ideas of authorisation, violence as punishment, and a hierarchy of legitimate violence. These ideas are further developed in chapter three, first with reference to the Elizabethan Homilies and then in relation to theologians during the civil wars. This discussion of theologies of obedience anticipates chapter four's analysis of the theologies of resistance in relation to the theology of violence. Chapter four addresses a variety of themes concerning the illegitimacy of suicide and the corresponding legitimacy of self defence. The chapter concludes by addressing the idea of direct divine authorisation for violence, which is modelled by the biblical Book of Joshua and developed by examining Calvin's commentaries on the text. Direct authorisation lays the groundwork for chapter five, which addresses the apocalyptic perspective in relation to the theology of violence. The three interrelated themes of anti-Catholicism, anti-idolatry, and a new dispensation are examined. In chapter six, the previous themes are considered in an analysis of the regicide. The discussion of the regicide not only draws on the preceding discussion of the theology of violence but also examines the "scapegoating" dimension of the execution of the king. The final chapter offers reflections on the importance of the theology of violence for the view of the English civil wars as "wars of religion."
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Bevington, Oliver David. "David Jones's contemporary response to fascism, 1938-1941." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/3f2ed792-ac3b-40e6-9ef4-408ada6cc6f8.
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Pinkney, Justin N. M. "Extending and combining single-molecule fluorescence methods to study site-specific recombination." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cde8481b-ac4b-4040-bb98-6035b8f43817.
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Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has become an important tool for studying biochemical reactions at the single-molecule level, despite its increasing maturity there is an on-going effort to improve and expand the technique. This thesis presents methods for extending conventional two-colour single-molecule FRET measurements; by expanding the range and applicability of single-molecule fluorescence methods a greater variety of biological reactions can be studied, in greater detail than previously possible. To circumvent the complexities of multi-colour FRET measurements and extend the range of observable distances I developed and characterised a new single-molecule fluorescence method termed tethered fluorophore motion (TFM). TFM is based on the existing technique of tethered particle motion (TPM) which relies on Brownian motion of a particle, attached to a surface by DNA, to probe the effective length of the DNA tether. TFM takes this concept and applies it at the single-fluorophore level, allowing simultaneous measurement of other fluorescence observables such as FRET and protein induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE). Having developed TFM I combined it with FRET to study site-specific recombinase proteins at the single-molecule level, in greater detail than possible by either technique alone. Studying the model tyrosine recombinase Cre, I extend and clarify previous ensemble observations regarding the order of DNA strand exchange, as well as uncovering a previously unobserved complex conformation and molecular heterogeneity. Finally, I used TFM-FRET to study the more complex XerCD recombination system and its interaction with the DNA translocase FtsK. I made observations, for the first time, of synaptic complex formation and of recombination at the single-molecule level, and these suggest intriguing and unexpected intermediates in the recombination reaction. I also combine TFM with PIFE to investigate the mechanism of DNA looping by FtsK. The introduction of TFM, and its combination with other fluorescence techniques, allows observation of complex protein-DNA interactions from a variety of perspectives and will help expand the repertoire and applicability of single-molecule biophysical experiments.
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Wu, Wenchuan. "Acquisition and reconstruction methods for hybrid 2D/3D diffusion MRI." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6de8931-3910-4342-acdb-4eac49263b2c.
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Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used in neuroscience studies, particularly for mapping white matter tracts in the brain. Typically, diffusion MRI is acquired using a two-dimensional (2D) single-shot echo planar imaging sequence, which allows rapid acquisition and reduced sensitivity to subject motion. However, conventional 2D diffusion MRI faces many limitations, such as long TR (repetition time) which lead to low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) efficiency, and long scan times with advanced diffusion protocols which usually require a large number of diffusion directions and/or b values. These limitations become more acute at high spatial resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) methods have also been developed for diffusion MRI, but they are not widely used for acquiring data in vivo due to the challenges in subject motion. Hybrid 2D/3D methods, including 3D multi-slab acquisition and simultaneous multi-slice acquisition, have been recently proposed to address the limitations of conventional 2D and 3D methods. However, 3D multi-slab acquisition faces the problem of slab boundary artefacts, which could decrease the image quality and propagate into diffusion quantifications. Simultaneous multi-slice acquisition would suffer from significant noise amplification when in-plane under-sampling is also applied. The work in this thesis seeks to develop acquisition and reconstruction methods to improve hybrid 2D/3D diffusion MRI. A new method is proposed to correct slab boundary artefacts in 3D multi-slab imaging, which jointly estimates the slab profile and underlying image using a nonlinear reconstruction. Correction results demonstrate superior performance compared with previously proposed methods. A k-q acquisition and reconstruction approach is developed to accelerate diffusion MRI based on Gaussian process methods. Here, we target improvements to simultaneous multi-slice imaging, demonstrating high acceleration factors in combination with in-plane under-sampling. Combinations of hybrid 2D/3D acquisitions with the ultra-high field of 7T are also investigated, which could enable high resolution diffusion MRI without substantially compromising SNR. The methods developed in this work are expected to improve the data quality and scan efficiency of diffusion MRI.
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Merkley, Rebecca. "Beyond number sense : contributions of domain-general processes to the development of numeracy in early childhood." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fec8b13e-0693-4c5b-ac0b-759dd6595db8.
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A large proportion of recent research on the development of numerical cognition has focused on the foundational role of approximate number sense, yet number sense alone cannot fully explain how young children acquire numeracy skills. This thesis aims to investigate how other domain-specific processes and domain-general cognitive processes relate to numeracy in early childhood and whether they play a role in learning about mathematics. The experiments presented in Chapter 2 explored how domain-general processes relate to young children's attention to discrete number in non-symbolic representations through a correlational approach. Results supported the role for inhibitory control in selecting numerosity as the relevant stimulus dimension. In order to investigate causal relationships in emerging maths performance, Chapter 3 reports a cognitive training study aimed at contrasting transfer effects of domain-general and domain-specific training in pre- schoolers. Findings suggested caution in interpreting published transfer effects without the highest level of control. The latter chapters targeted learning mechanisms by tackling a specific process in mathematical cognition: acquiring the meaning of numerical symbols. Specifically, the experiments presented in Chapter 4 employed an artificial learning paradigm to test factors influencing adults' and children's formation of novel symbolic numerical representations. Congruency between discrete and continuous non-symbolic quantity influenced novel representations and numerical order information facilitated learning, especially in children. In order to explore symbolic representations of real numbers, Chapter 5 focuses on associations between different representational formats of real numbers in young children and how this relates to both domain-specific and domain-general factors. Children had stronger mappings between symbols and precise non-symbolic representations for numbers smaller than four, than between larger numbers and approximate non-symbolic representations. Taken together, results from the experiments presented in this thesis highlight the need to incorporate factors beyond number sense in theories of numeracy development.
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Choi, Lisa. "New Songdo City, or, The potentiality of Asian urbanism(s)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d692f7a5-62bb-4942-aceb-a233f26e0711.
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This thesis explores the nexus between 'urban expressionism' and the potentiality of 'Asian urbanism(s)' by exploring ways that different planning paradigms have been located/dislocated in the case of New Songdo City, South Korea. By investigating four expressions of New Songdo City - as an 'Eco-City', a 'Smart City', an 'International City', and as the 'City of the Future' - this thesis argues that urban expressionism can make important contributions to the aims of Asian urbanism(s). Ultimately, this research demonstrates the ways that urban expressionism can be used to destabilize hegemonic Western-centric urban knowledge and city-building practices, and further point to new geographies of theory from which important contributions to urban research can be made. Urban expressions are made evident by various entwined urban rhetorics and worlding practices that operationalize multiple mediums of communication. Consequently, New Songdo City is, first and foremost, a city of simultaneity. To investigate this simultaneity, this research utilizes an exploratory case study approach and multiple qualitative methods that include semi-structured interviewing, focus groups, and surveys to gather insights from residents of Songdo, local experts, public and private sector actors, and other key stakeholder groups. Visual analysis is also used to explore mixed-mediums of data, including promotional videos, images, exhibition displays, magazines, and advertisements. The methods used to undertake this thesis provide a glimpse in to the development of New Songdo City and capture different urban expressions that are articulated by the city through various examples of urban rhetoric and worlding practices. The urban expressions presented in the New Songdo City case are analysed through the lens of Asian urbanism(s) and investigate the ways that hegemonic Western and Euro-centric conceptualizations of 'the urban' and 'the city' have been deployed, articulated, experienced, challenged, and complicated. By extension, this thesis also contributes to a more nuanced conceptualization of Asian urbanism(s) as well as the relevance of New Songdo City for urban theory in South Korean, Asian, and more generalizable contexts.
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Gruin, Julian Y. "Communists constructing capitalism : socio-economic uncertainty, Communist party rule, and China's financial development, 1990-2008." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a70d4158-ac36-477c-accb-37f940071a0d.
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To what extent does China's experience of economic reform since 1989 compel a reconsideration of the ontological foundations of contemporary capitalist development? China's political economy remains characterized by a unique and resilient political structure (the Chinese Communist Party) that penetrates both 'private' (market) and 'public' (state) organizations. The conceptual rootedness of contemporary theories of comparative and international political economy in a distinctly Western historical experience of capitalist development hinders their ability to understand Chinese capitalism on its own terms—as historically, culturally, and globally embedded. To generate greater analytic traction in understanding China's otherwise paradoxical constellation of actors and dynamics, I argue that contemporary capitalism should be studied as a set of mechanisms for managing and exploiting socio-economic uncertainty, rather than according to the binary logics of state regulation and market competition. These mechanisms can be conceptualized as an overarching risk environment. On this basis, I trace how the cognitive frames, social institutions, and relational networks that emerged within the 'socialist market economy' in China's post-Tiananmen financial system have placed the Chinese Communist Party at the nexus of the state and the market. I argue that specific ideas emerged about how to manage the flow of capital, playing a significant role in underpinning expectations of financial growth and stability. During this period the financial system underpinned the CCP's capacity to both manage and exploit socio-economic uncertainty through the path of reform, forming a central explanatory factor in a developmental trajectory marked by a trifecta of rapid economic growth, macroeconomic stability, and deepening socio-economic imbalances. Rather than viewing the path of financial reform in China solely in terms of 'partial' or 'failed' free- market reform, it thus becomes possible to cast China's development in a new light as the product of a more concerted vision of how the financial system would enable a mode of economic development that combined the drive for capital accumulation with the distinctive socio-political circumstances of post-1989 China.
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Costeira, Maria de Lurdes Esteves Henriques Malta. "A importância da SHST em EGI e nas empresas : estudo nas associadas da ACIB." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1659.
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Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialO trabalho desenvolvido pretende fazer uma análise ao estado dos investimentos feitos na SHST pelas empresas associadas da ACIB e à importância da SHST nos cursos de EGI e nas empresas. ABSTRACT: The present study attempts to do a research at the investments and Health, Hygiene and safety Work.
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Mishima, Hirokazu. "Studies Based on Statistical Mechanics for Mechanism of Multidrug Efflux of AcrA/AcrB/TolC." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199416.
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Hernández, Sánchez Juan Manuel. "Metodología basada en ACV para la evaluación de sostenibilidad en edificios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116927.
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Esta metodología está orientada a evaluar el impacto medioambiental de los edificios, su coste económico y su efecto social, teniendo en cuenta todo el ciclo de vida, de una manera sistematizada, flexible, simple, holística y orientada a la comparación de los resultados.
Cada edificio tiene sus propias características y la aplicación del análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) es diferente para cada caso. Pero los edificios también presentan características comunes, como materiales, procesos de construcción, instalaciones, elementos constructivos y uso del edificio. Estas similitudes deberían permitir una fácil comparación entre edificios, especialmente los que son del mismo tipo constructivo. Sin embargo, la interpretación, el objetivo, el alcance y los límites del sistema de un análisis de ciclo de vida hacen que los resultados sean difícilmente comparables entre sí, aunque los edificios a comparar sean semejantes.
La metodología estándar de ACV es apta para todos los productos, procesos y servicios. Sin embargo, es muy abierta y requiere que se hagan muchas reiteraciones. La metodología propuesta ajusta la metodología estándar de ACV para su uso exclusivo en los edificios, evitando reiteraciones, adaptándose a todas las maneras de proceder de los usuarios de la metodología, que sirva para todos los edificios y para los diferentes ámbitos de la sostenibilidad.
La metodología se compone de cinco fases. En la primera fase se define el sistema y las características generales del estudio. En la segunda fase se reúne la documentación necesaria que se usará en el resto de la metodología. En la tercera fase se procesa esta información contenida en la documentación y se realiza el inventario de datos. En la cuarta fase, utilizando los datos del inventario, se realizan por una parte los cálculos necesarios y por otra el análisis del ciclo de vida. Finalmente en la quinta y última fase se exponen
los resultados.
También se han realizado tres adaptaciones de la metodología para usos específicos. La primera adaptación es para análisis de alternativas, en el que al variar un parámetro o combinación de parámetros se puede ver qué alternativa es mejor para un cierto propósito. La segunda adaptación es para la rehabilitación, en el que el edificio aún no ha llegado al fin de su vida útil y se desea disminuir el consumo energético y aumentar el bienestar y comodidad de los ocupantes. La última adaptación es para un parque de edificios, que es un conjunto de edificios que conforman un barrio, un distrito, una ciudad, una región, un país o un conjunto de países.
La aplicación de la metodología a un caso práctico confirma que la metodología es apta para ser empleada y se obtienen los resultados esperados para la realización del ACV según el método estándar.
Un análisis de ciclo de vida adaptado al dominio de los edificios resulta más simple y directo que uno general, llegando a los mismos resultados. La utilización de esta metodología evita una dispersión en la manera de procesar los datos y, junto con la difusión de los datos relevantes de los edificios, permite una mayor facilidad en la comparación de los resultados entre diferentes estudios que apliquen esta metodología. Además, la metodología tiene la utilidad de recoger y organizar la información relativa al edificio, lo que permite elaborar un resumen con la función de comunicar. También asiste el proceso de diseño, dejando ver cuáles son los aspectos clave y cuál es su importancia relativa. Por tanto, es considerablemente útil para los actores (promotor, proyectista, propietarios y usuarios) que toman decisiones en la etapa de diseño y que puedan desarrollar estrategias adecuadas a los objetivos propuestos. Esta metodología mejora cada una de las fases del edificio y su conjunto, incrementando la competitividad, la satisfacción social y garantizando la sostenibilidad.This methodology is aimed at assessing the environmental impact of buildings, their economic cost and social impact, taking into account the entire life cycle in a systematic, flexible, simple, holistic manner and focused on the comparison of results. Each building has its own characteristics and the application of the life-cycle assessment (LCA) is different in each case. But buildings also have common characteristics, such as materials, construction processes, facilities, building materials and building use. These similarities should enable straightforward comparison between buildings, especially those that are of the same construction type. However, the interpretation, objective, scope and system limits of a life-cycle assessment mean that the results are barely comparable, even if the buildings being compared are similar. The LCA standard methodology is suitable for all products, processes and services. However, it is very open and requires many iterations. The proposed method adjusts the LCA standard methodology for its exclusive use in buildings, avoiding repetition, adapting to all ways of acting from methodology users, and working for all different buildings and areas of sustainability. The methodology consists of five phases. In the first phase the system and the general characteristics of the study are defined. In the second phase the necessary documentation to be used in the rest of the methodology is gathered. In the third phase the information found in the documentation is processed and the inventory data is carried out. In the fourth phase, using the inventory data, the required calculations and analysis of the life cycle are carried out. Finally in the fifth and final phase the results are presented. Three adaptations to the methodology for specific uses have also been made. The first adaptation consists in analysis of alternatives, in which by changing a parameter or combination of parameters, the best alternative for a certain purpose is revealed. The second adjustment consists in refurbishment, in which the building has not yet reached the end of its useful life and it is desired to reduce energy consumption and improve the welfare and comfort of the occupants. The last adjustment consists in dwelling stock, groups of buildings that make up a neighbourhood, district, city, region, country or group of countries. The application of the methodology to a case study confirms that the methodology is suitable for use and that the results are comparable to those using the LCA standard methodology. A life-cycle assessment adapted to the domain of the buildings is as simple and straightforward as a general one, obtaining the same results. Using this methodology a dispersion in the way of processing the data is avoided. The spread of relevant data for the buildings allows for greater ease in comparing results between different studies that apply this methodology. The methodology is useful to gather and organize information about buildings, allowing for the preparation of a summary, with the intention to communicate. It also assists in the design process, highlighting the key issues and what are their relative importance. It is therefore significantly useful for actors who make decisions in the design stage and develop strategies tailored to the objectives. This methodology improves each of the phases of the building process and the whole building, and it increases competitiveness, social satisfaction and ensures sustainability.
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Zocche, Lidiana. "Identificação das limitações da ACV sob a ótica de pesquisas acadêmicas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/932.
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CAPESEsta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar as barreiras observadas na implantação da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) no setor produtivo brasileiro, sob a ótica das pesquisas acadêmicas. A pesquisa classificou-se como exploratória e descritiva, sendo constituída como aplicada. O estudo se dividiu nas seguintes etapas: identificação os grupos que pesquisam sobre a temática ACV no Brasil e avaliação dos vínculos dos grupos de pesquisa com empresas; mapeamento dos estudos de ACV realizados no Brasil e suas especificidades; diagnóstico do potencial da ACV como contribuição para a geração de inovação através de estudos de ACV aplicados e análise das dificuldades da implantação desta metodologia no país. Os resultados dos objetivos propostos indicam que há um grande interesse em estudos de ACV na área acadêmica, entretanto,existe uma grande dificuldade para concretizar parceria com empresas para a aplicação desta metodologia. Essas barreiras dificultam sua aplicação e consequentemente afetam o potencial da ACV como contribuição para a geração na industria. O fator mais relevante em relação as limitações que a ACV enfrenta no Brasil é a falta da construção de banco de dados genuinamente brasileiros, que faria da ACV um instrumento bastante efetivo para a introdução definitiva da variável ambiental no processo gerencial de tomada de decisão da indústria nacional.
This research had as its primary objective to diagnose the barriers faced in the implantation of the Life-Cycle Assessment, (LCA) in the Brazilian industrial sector, in the perspective of the academic studies. The research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, as well as a survey. The study is divided in the following steps: identification of the groups which research the issues on LCA in Brazil as well as the evaluation of the bonds between those research teams and the companies; mapping of the LCA studies developed in Brazil and their particularities; diagnosis of the LCA potential as a contributor in the generation of innovation through the LCA applied studies as well as analysis of the difficulties found in the implantation of the methodology in the country. The results of the proposed objectives indicate that there is a great interest in LCA studies in the academic area, however, there is great difficulty to achieve partnership with companies to implement this methodology. These barriers hinder its application and consequently affect the potential of LCA as a contribution to the generation in the industry. The most important factor regarding the limitations that LCA faces in Brazil is the lack of building stock genuine Brazilian data, which would make the LCA a very effective tool for the definitive introduction of the environmental variable in managerial decision-making process industry national.
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Fischer, Nadine [Verfasser]. "Coupling of Proton Transfer and Multidrug Expulsion in the Inner Membrane Translocase AcrB / Nadine Fischer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044971444/34.
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Boase, Natasha Anne. "The role of the acrB and creD genes in carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb6628.pdf.
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Hoffman, Bruce. "Jewish terrorist activities and the British government in Palestine, 1939-1947." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:762b3fb7-837a-4d21-ac2b-44676535ffa0.
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From 1939 to 1947 two Jewish terrorist organizations, the Irgun Zvai Leumi and the Lohamei Herut Israel (known to Jews by its Hebrew acronym, Lehi, and to the British as "The Stern Gang") challenged Britain's rule over Palestine. Those eight years began with the publication of the White Paper in May 1939 and ended in September 1947 with the decision taken by the British Government to surrender its League of Nations Mandate and withdraw from Palestine. This thesis examines the influence that Jewish terrorist activities had on Britain's policy for Palestine and seeks to ascertain the role played by terrorism in that decision. Through an examination of British policy and the strategies employed by the British Army to defeat the terrorists, this study demonstrates why the British failed to reach either a military or a political settlement in Palestine. This failure can.be attributed both to the irreconcilable nature of Arab and Jewish claims to the country and the lack of a clear and consistent policy for Palestine on Britain's part. The situation was further aggravated by the weaknesses of the Palestine Police Force, the futile efforts of the Palestine Government to obtain the cooperation of the Jewish public against the terrorists and the debilitating effect of Jewish terrorist activities on the morale of the British soldier in Palestine. The search for a solution to the Palestine problem after World War II took place amid increasing terrorist violence in the country. As British authority in Palestine deteriorated, Britain's will to remain there dissolved. This thesis concludes that no single factor itself can be considered responsible for the decision to surrender the mandate and leave Palestine. At the same time, however, Jewish terrorist activities played an important--and even a decisive--role in the events that led to the termination of British rule over Palestine and the establishment of the State of Israel.
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Wang, Zhao Qi. "Real-time optical intensity correlation using photorefractive BSO." Thesis, Abertay University, 1995. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/f1330975-bc23-4532-ac7b-8aeb9cad8c81.
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Real-time optical intensity correlation using a photorefractive BSO crystal and a liquid crystal television is implemented. The underlying physics basis is considered, some specific techniques to improve the operation are proposed, and several optical pattern recognition tasks are achieved. Photorefractive BSO is used as the holographic recording medium in the real-time intensity correlator. To improve the dynamic holographic recording, a moving grating technique is adopted. The nonlinear effects of moving gratings at large fringe modulation are experimentally investigated, and are compared with numerical predictions. Optical bias is adopted to overcome the difficulty of a large drop in the optimum fringe velocity with moving gratings. The effects of optical bias on the optimum fringe velocity and on the diffraction efficiency are studied. To overcome the inherent drawback of low discrimination of intensity correlation in optical pattern recognition, real-time edge-enhanced intensity correlation is achieved by means of nonlinear holographic recording in BSO. Real-time colour object recognition is achieved by using a commercially available and inexpensive colour liquid crystal television in the intensity correlator. Multi-class object recognition is achieved with a synthetic discriminant function filter displayed by the Epson liquid crystal display in the real-time intensity correlator. The phase and intensity modulation properties of the Epson liquid crystal display are studied. A further research topic which uses the Epson liquid crystal display to realize a newly designed spatial filter, the quantized amplitude-compensated matched filter, is proposed. The performance merits of the filter are investigated by means of computer simulations.
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Crow, Martin Brian. "High resolution diode laser spectroscopy of transient species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64bd9688-fdb3-4d05-ac2b-2a9bb621bb7c.
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This thesis presents applications of near infrared diode lasers to high resolution spectroscopy of transient radical species. Firstly, time resolved near infrared laser gain versus absorption is utilised in Chapter 2 to determine the I∗ quantum yield following ultraviolet photolysis of iodobenzene and its fluorinated analogues. The experimental method is first confirmed by comparison with literature values of the quantum yield for iodomethane photolysis, returning a quantum yield of Φ(I∗) = 0.71 ± 0.04 in good agreement with the literature, before being applied to determine the I∗ quantum yield following 248 nm and 266 nm photolysis of iodobenzene (Φ(I∗) = 0.28 ± 0.04) and pentafluoroiodobenzene (Φ(I∗) = 0.32 ± 0.05). The I∗ quantum yields for 4-fluoroiodobenzene, 2,4-difluoroiodobenzene and 3,5-difluoroiodobenzene are also reported in order to determine the effect of selective fluorination on the dynamics of the photodissociation process. This work complements velocity-map ion imaging studies and spin-orbit resolved ab initio calculations of the ultraviolet photolysis of these compounds. Chapter 3 details the development of a narrow-bandwidth tunable continuous wave ultraviolet radiation source, through sum frequency mixing of tunable near infrared diode lasers with a fixed frequency, high powered, solid state laser. The application of the UV radiation source to spectroscopy of the A 1A2 − X 1A1 electronic band of formaldehyde is explored, where absolute absorption cross sections are determined for rotational transitions within the 220410 and 220430 vibronic bands. The sub-Doppler resolution has allowed refinement of the rotational constants for the slowly predissociating excited state of the 220430 vibronic band. The lifetimes of several rotational levels is determined to be in the range 0.74 ns to 1.46 ns. In Chapter 4 the UV radiation source developed in Chapter 3 is applied to the A 2Σ+ − X 2Π electronic band of the OH radical. Firstly, this source is utilised to probe a continuous supply of hydroxyl radicals using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulation spectroscopy. Pressure induced broadening parameters for the Q1(2) rotational transition for He, Ne, Ar and N2 buffer gases are also measured. Following the successful application of this source to probe a continuous OH source at atmospheric pressure, the UV spectrometer is used to probe OH radicals from nitric acid photolysis at 193 nm, where the nascent speed distribution and Doppler lineshape is shown to be in excellent agreement with the literature. Time resolved absorption spectroscopy of the nascent OH fragment also returns a translational relaxation constant of ktrans = (3.85±1.06)×10−10cm3molecule−1s−1, which is in good agreement with literature values. These preliminary results indicate the potential of this narrow-bandwidth tunable UV source as an absorption-spectroscopy-based probe of nascent Doppler profiles. Chapter 5 presents the application of frequency-modulated radiation from a near infrared diode laser as a probe of the angular momentum polarisation of the nascent CN fragments, produced by 266 nm photolysis of ICN. These CN fragments are probed in the high rotational states of both the ground and first excited vibrational level on the A 2Π − X 2Σ+ electronic transition; in particular these constitute the first measurements of alignment and orientation in the first excited vibrational level at this photolysis wavelength. The alignment parameters reported for both vibrational levels are comparable, indicating that the incoherent dynamics contributing to their formation are the same. In contrast, the orientation of the v = 1 CN fragment is shown to be of opposite sign to that of v = 0 at this photolysis wavelength, although the absolute differences in their orientation parameters are similar to that observed for photolysis at 248 nm. This observation is consistent with coherent orientation arising from phase differences between wavepackets propagating on multiple excited potential energy surfaces.
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Wilkinson, Mark. "Some problems on the dynamics of nematic liquid crystals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:668f7a3b-b9f0-4126-aceb-d7bbe4230f08.
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In this thesis, we consider two problems in the Q-tensor theory of nematic liquid crystals. The first concerns eigenvalue constraints on the Q-tensor order parameter. In particular, by employing a singular potential constructed by Ball and Majumdar, we consider the existence, regularity and "strict physicality" of weak solutions to the Beris-Edwards equations of nemato-hydrodynamics. In the second part of the thesis, we consider a gradient flow of the well-studied Landau-de Gennes energy. We prove some rigorous results on the average long-time statistical behaviour of its solutions, which are in agreement with experimental observations in the condensed matter physics literature.
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Toma, Sorana. "Ties that bind? : networks and gender in international migration : the case of Senegal." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:086260b0-7c21-4333-ac8b-2d8eeb7cc7f4.
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This thesis examines the roles of migrant networks in the migration and subsequent economic integration of Senegalese men and women in France, Italy and Spain. It challenges the assumption that networks are invariably sources of assistance in the migration process and examines the factors responsible for variations in their influence. In doing so, it uses quantitative methods and analyzes recently collected longitudinal data within the framework of the Migration between Africa and Europe (MAFE) project. Migrant networks -– members of the respondent’s personal circle that have international migration experience – are conceptualized as a form of individual-level social capital that may or may not shape specific outcomes. The thesis contributes to the literature by adopting a longitudinal view of the migration process and considering both migration behaviour and migrants’ labour market trajectories at destination. In doing so, it bridges two areas of research that have mostly developed separately. Second, the intersections between migrant networks and gender, insufficiently studied so far, are here examined in detail. Furthermore, the role of networks in different forms of female mobility – often confounded in previous work - are here analysed separately. Last but not least, the thesis makes a methodological contribution by operationalizing migrant networks in a more dynamic way than previous work. Findings suggest that migrant social capital has a large influence on migration behaviour, while playing a lower and more ambivalent role in migrants’ labour market outcomes at destination. Furthermore, several dimensions are found to shape the extent and channels of networks’ influence. First, men and women do not rely on the same ties in their migration process. Also, women migrating independently of a partner make a different (and greater) use of their migrant connections than those joining their spouse abroad. Migrant social capital is found to work along gender lines: only access to male migrant networks increases the migration likelihood or the job prospects at destination for prospective male migrants. On the other hand, female networks play a crucial role in independent women’s migration process. However, while they greatly increase women’s likelihood of moving to Europe on their own, they also lead them to lower-status jobs. Last, the context of destination was found to shape the operation of migrant networks. In France, where a socio-economically diverse Senegalese community has long been established, pre-migration ties at destination lead to better economic opportunities. In contrast, migrant networks in Italy or Spain appear to channel male migrants into street-selling activities. Thus, bonding social capital in the form of migrant networks appears to reproduce the ethnic niches developed at destination and the gender-segmented nature of the labour market.
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Armstrong, Joseph. "Paraprofessional counselling : the effectiveness and development of a group of volunteer mental health counsellors." Thesis, Abertay University, 2011. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/95f33703-09b3-4504-ac1b-abdf1c1cbbf1.
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Background: Existing research findings provide evidence for the general effectiveness of paraprofessional counsellors. However, research into the effectiveness of paraprofessional counsellors with specific client opulations is lacking, and we currently know little about the processes of development in this group of practitioners. To address these issues, two empirical studies were carried out. Aim of Study 1: To evaluate the effectiveness of a group of 12 minimally trained/experienced volunteer mental health counsellors. Method: Data were collected over a one year period on 118 clients referred to a voluntary sector counselling agency. The CORE-OM was used to measure clients' levels of distress on a sessionby-session basis. Clients and counsellors also completed a range of additional selfreport measures before and after counselling. A benchmarking strategy was used to evaluate the outcomes achieved by participants in this study against three benchmark studies selected from published literature. Results: Paraprofessionals in this study achieved an effect size of .70 compared to effect sizes of 1.36, 1.39 and 1.42 in the selected benchmark studies. Conclusions: Minimally trained/experienced paraprofessional counsellors working in mental health settings may benefit from more targeted training before engaging in practice. Findings should be interpreted cautiously as the selected benchmarks may not reflect the organisational factors operating within all voluntary sector counselling agencies. Aims of Study 2: To explore the meaning and experience of becoming a paraprofessional counsellor. Participants: The sample included two men and six women. Method: Each participant was interviewed for approximately one hour at the end of their first year of practice. Data analysis: Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Results: Four main categories and a core category were identified. The core category of ‘finding a voice’ represented participant attempts to achieve and sustain an identity as a counsellor. This process involved four related experiences: 1) resonating with counselling and the role of counsellor, the agency ethos and values and the theoretical model employed within the agency; 2) learning the language of counselling; 3) putting the language of counselling into action; and 4) experiencing and resolving dissonant experiences. Conclusions: Findings contribute new understanding to existing models of counsellor development regarding the developmental processes that occur in counsellors prior to the period of professional training. Data from Study 1 and Study 2 were also examined to determine if individual differences existed among participants in terms of their effectiveness, personal philosophies, and counselling practice. Findings showed that counsellors varied in their effectiveness with effect sizes ranging from .96 for the more effective counsellor to .21 for the least effective counsellor. Differences in levels of effectiveness were most apparent at the extremes of the three more effective and the three less effective counsellors. Preliminary findings suggested that the more effective counsellors could be distinguished from the less effective counsellors by the emphasis they placed on the relational aspects of counselling, flexibility, working collaboratively with clients, and by the degree of ‘fit’ that existed between their personal philosophy and the model of counselling preferred with the MHSS agency. Implications of these findings are discussed in section 7.4 of Chapter 7.
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Xu, Yunwei. "Safety evaluation of surgical instruments." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bfb1e112-315e-4380-ac2b-9457d2f44762.
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Spurred by recent press reports and other concerns this thesis focuses on the quality of surgical instruments. The current situation is reviewed by considering the regulatory framework and by investigating the quality of newly purchased instruments. A range of test protocols based on British Standards and best practices from industry were developed. These were designed to be practical in the real world situation and a user-friendly database was built to collate all the relevant data and inform the Supply Chain. The conditions experienced by instruments during their lifetime in the health care environment, especially in cleaning and disinfection were studied and as many instruments implicated in Incidents as possible investigated to understand the possible root causes of failure. During this work the importance and debate over surface finish, passivation and disinfection processes became apparent and research was carried out into the effect on wettability and drying mechanism of passivation and repeated disinfection cycles on various typical surface finishes. This concentrated on the environment within the health service unlike other studies which have been concerned with more aggressive industrial situations. Standards and Procedures on the care of instruments have been established in order to improve the current management of surgical instruments and to ensure that they are and remain fit for purpose.
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Gruni, Giovanni. "The right to food and trade law in the external relations of the European Union with developing countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fce4f71-8f64-4c8f-ac9b-a21a52c02a96.
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The European Union has exclusive competence to negotiate trade agreements with third countries. Using this competence the European Commission developed an extensive policy to conclude free trade agreements with numerous countries around the world. These agreements include regulation of the import and export of food products and also involve developing countries prone to hunger and malnutrition. This thesis investigates the recent trade agreements between the European Union and developing countries from the perspective of the human right to adequate food. This thesis demonstrates that the clauses on import and export of food products of such agreements limit the capacity of the developing countries involved to realise the right to food of their citizens. This outcome does not take into account the normative content of the right to food as contained in international human rights law and is dismissive of the references to human rights contained in European Union funding treaties and in the previous agreements between the European Union and developing countries. This thesis also demonstrates that this outcome is mainly an autonomous policy decision of the European Union and its trade partners independent from the obligations of World Trade Organization law. The thesis concludes with several proposals of reform to conciliate the external trade objectives of the European Union with the human right to adequate food.
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Wiseman, Katherine. "Characterisation of a new p97 adaptor in genome stability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:24e23965-ac0b-4fd9-8928-990df307b52f.
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Cells are subjected to constant genotoxic stress arising from both endogenous and exogenous sources which can drive the development of a wide range of diseases, especially cancers. Therefore, repair of these lesions is essential to maintain genomic stability and health. The DNA damage response is a key aspect of this process and requires the temporal and spatial regulation of many different factors to orchestrate the repair process. This requires the action of the AAA ATPase p97 which acts as a molecular segregase in order to facilitate the turnover of proteins on chromatin. This is also a crucial process to prevent the collision of DNA replication and transcription machinery with DNA bound proteins and DNA structures. These processes require the action of p97 cofactors which direct p97 to specific substrates and biological functions. The role of p97 and its cofactors in the DNA damage response is beginning to emerge, however there is still much to be investigated. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the characterisation of a new p97 adaptor protein discovered during a Mass Spectrometry analysis of the p97 interactome in response to ionising radiation. This adaptor protein, which has been named Ionising Radiation Enhanced VCP Interacting Protein 1, or IREVIP1, is responsible for maintaining genome stability even in unchallenged conditions. IREVIP1 was found to interact directly with p97 via a SHP domain located in the C-terminus of IREVIP1, as well as with Topoisomerases, and is responsible for bridging their interaction. IREVIP1 was observed as being part of the replication fork, and was required to prevent the accumulation of Topoisomerase cleavage complexes. Thus, IREVIP1 could be required to prevent genomic instability arising from collisions with Topoisomerase cleavage complexes and DNA structures arising from excessive DNA torsion. Therefore, this thesis begins to characterise the novel adaptor IREVIP1 and its functions within the cell.
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Rounthwaite, Nicholas James. "Development of bulk nanoquasicrystalline alloys for high strength elevated temperature applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:47bdc219-1733-40c1-ac6b-dbd5fc08f175.
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Al93Fe3Cr2Nb2 (at.%) nanoquasicrystalline alloys have been shown to have the potential to push the applications of aluminium alloys to more elevated temperatures, by maintaining a high strength. They also have more thermally stable microstructures than previous nanoquasicrystalline alloys from similar systems (the most studied of which is Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 (at.%)). Al93Fe3Cr2Nb2 (at.%) alloys have never previously been produced in samples on a scale larger than melt-spun ribbon. This study examines the production parameters of bulk nanoquasicrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Nb alloys. Firstly an attempt was made to reduce the melting temperatures of thermally stable nanoquasicrystalline alloys through additional alloying. The melting processes of binary, ternary, quaternary and quinary nanoquasicrystalline alloys was analysed though DTA, with endothermic reactions up to 1034oC observed. Rapidly solidified Al-Fe-Cr-Nb alloys were then produced in kilogram quantities through gas atomisation at an industrial scale. The smallest atomised powder particles contained fine scale microstructures consisting of nano-scale quasicrystals embedded in an aluminium matrix. As the cooling rate of the powder particles decreased new phases, including the theta phase (Al13(Fe,Cr)2-4) and Al3Nb were produced. 0-25μm, 25-50μm and 50-75μm (diameter) size fractions of atomised powder were each consolidated through extrusion to produce nanoquasicrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Nb bars. Composite bars of the nanoquasicrystalline alloy mixed with 10(vol.)% and 20(vol.)% pure aluminium were also produced. The consolidation of the nanoquasicrystalline atomised powders through extrusion led to precipitation of intermetallics including (Al13(Fe,Cr)2-4) and Al3Nb, particularly in the smallest powder size fractions with the most metastable microstructures. Finally the effects of the atomisation and extrusion conditions on the microstructure and its mechanical properties were studied. Improved strength, coupled with reduced ductility was observed with decreases in the elemental aluminium composition of the Al-Fe-Cr-Nb bars and the powder size fraction they were produced from. There was however improvements in toughness of the extruded composite bars, over the nanoquasicrystalline alloy bars.
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Trott, Gemma. "Heterodinuclear catalysts for CO2/epoxide copolymerisations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4c4216cf-4e2e-4e3d-ac4b-c6ed9a312f5c.
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This thesis describes the preparation of new heterodinuclear catalysts for the selective copolymerisation of epoxides with CO2 or anhydrides. The catalysts are based on a symmetrical diphenol-tetraamine macrocycle to prepare heterocomplexes coordinated to zinc and magnesium. The coordination sphere is completed by co-ligands derived from carboxylates. Optimisation of the synthesis is carried out to enable a straightforward route to new catalysts through the metathesis of a dibromide complex using a range of potassium salts. The characterisation of these complexes is explored using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The heterodinuclear complexes are highly active for the copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide and CO2, under atmospheric pressures [TOF = 645 h-1, 120 °C, 0.1 mol%, 1 bar]. At higher temperatures (120 °C), excellent selectivity for poly(cyclohexene carbonate) formation (> 99 %) is maintained. The catalysts are highly active under low catalyst loadings, with excellent activities [TOF = 8830 h-1, 120 °C, 0.01 mol%, 20 bar]. Telechelic polymers are produced upon addition of chain transfer agents, and the system is stable under aerobic conditions. A linear increase in molar mass with conversion shows the polymerisation is controlled. The copolymerisation of CO2 with a range of epoxides is explored, allowing formation of poly(propylene carbonate), albeit with low selectivity [25 %, 60 °C, 0.01 mol%, 20 bar], and high molar mass poly(cyclopentene carbonate) in excellent (> 99 %) selectivity [TOF = 76 h-1, 80 °C, 0.01 mol%, 20 bar]. The catalysts are also tested in the copolymerisation of phthalic anhydride with cyclohexene oxide to yield polyesters in excellent (> 99 %) selectivity. These catalysts are also highly active and well controlled [TOF = 289 h-1, 100 °C, 0.13 mol%]. A range of anhydrides were tested, including succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride and diphenic anhydride, which generally show high selectivity, although a variation in catalytic activity is observed. Kinetic studies are carried out to probe the rate equation for the copolymerisations of CO2 and phthalic anhydride, each with cyclohexene oxide. For the copolymerisation of phthalic anhydride and cyclohexene oxide, the data suggests a zero order dependence on anhydride and first order dependence on catalyst and epoxide. The rate equation determined for the copolymerisation of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide suggests a first order dependence on catalyst and epoxide, with a zero order dependence on CO2 pressure, and is in line with previous studies on similar systems. Computational analysis, applying density functional theory, shows that the previously hypothesised homodinuclear 'chain-shuttling' mechanism could be plausible for the analogous heterodinuclear systems.
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Sorensen, Anders Dahl. "Craftsmanship, teleology, and politics in Plato's 'Statesman'." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:990cdb12-accb-47dd-9801-75181bacd935.
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In this thesis I attempt to bring out some interesting implications of Plato’s political thought as it is presented in the Politicus. In particular, I will show how this dialogue provides a new picture of the relation between ruler and ruled; a picture that stresses the importance and responsibility of every citizen, not just of the statesman himself. This is achieved by an analysis of the notion of political craftsmanship envisaged by the main speaker of the dialogue, the Eleatic Stranger. However, before I turn to consider the Politicus itself, I provide a brief presentation of another Platonic craftsman, the demiurge of the Timaeus. As will be clear, the teleological structure, and the accompanying terminology, of his craftsmanship will mirror that of the true statesman and thus help us understand the latter’s political rule. My choice to focus on this aspect of the Politicus is motivated by the text itself. For the question of the kind of craftsmanship involved in political rule is picturesquely, yet effectively, brought to the fore by the myth in the early parts of the dialogue, which distinguishes between two rival conceptions and associates the statesman with one of them. I conclude by reflecting on the significance of my findings for Plato’s political thought as a whole.
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Lewis, David Frazer. "Modernising tradition : the architectural thought of Giles Gilbert Scott (1880-1960)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:26e1aa8c-537c-4830-acfb-63f0852da95e.
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The architect Giles Gilbert Scott (1880 – 1960) designed the red telephone kiosk, Liverpool Anglican Cathedral, Battersea Power Station, and the House of Commons Chamber amongst other major projects. Yet this thesis is the first scholarly study of his work as a theorist and practitioner. Scott’s ideas provide a window into how architects, critics, and clients of his generation thought about architecture, helping us to understand the design of the interwar period in a way that the backward projection of our own intellectual frameworks cannot do. Often relegated to a minor place in architectural histories, in his time Scott was one of the best known architects in the world, author of numerous iconic structures and widely influential. By returning him to a prominent place in the narrative, the thesis reveals a world in which so-called traditionalists and modernists were concerned with the exploration of common themes – the social role of the architect, the psychological effect of buildings, the nature of construction and tradition. The first two chapters explore Scott’s ideas about history and architectural context by investigating his work at Oxford and Cambridge. The third chapter focuses on his church work as a way of understanding his ideas about tradition and the role of psychology in architecture. The fourth chapter explores the ways that he gave meaning to his designs using rhetoric and planning. Set against the backdrop of the postwar decline of his reputation, the final chapter examines the legacy of his architectural theories. By returning Scott to the historical narrative, our understanding of interwar architecture is greatly broadened. And by expanding our knowledge of the least understood era of twentieth century architecture, we come to better understand how modern architecture as we know it was forged.
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Herbert, Anne-Sophie. "Analyse de mix électriques pour la détermination d'inventaires électricité pour ACV conséquentielle." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19906/7/Herbert_AnneSophie.pdf.
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La lutte contre le changement climatique implique de modifier les modes de production et de consommation actuels pour réduire de façon drastique les émissions de gaz à effet de serre dont la grande majorité est liée à la combustion d’énergies fossiles. Face à ces enjeux, de nombreux pays se sont engagés dans une transition énergétique pour faire évoluer leur système énergétique, notamment électrique de façon à répondre en partie aux exigences d’une économie bas carbone. Pour guider les acteurs dans leurs choix stratégiques, des outils d’aide à la décision s’avèrent efficaces pour identifier les leviers potentiels de réduction des impacts environnementaux, notamment par la méthode d’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) qui évalue les impacts d’un produit sur tout son cycle de vie. L’un de ses développements, l’ACV conséquentielle, vise à analyser les impacts d’un changement, et prend donc en compte ses effets directs et indirects sur l’environnement. Cette méthode reste encore peu utilisée par les praticiens en raison du manque d’inventaires génériques pour ACV conséquentielle. Ce constat est d’autant plus marquant pour l’électricité, largement utilisée dans la technosphère, dont la production évolue significativement pour s’engager dans la transition énergétique. Les travaux présentés ici visent à proposer une méthode d’élaboration d’inventaires électricité génériques pour ACV conséquentielle, qui intègrent les spécificités techniques du produit électricité, à travers le bouquet énergétique ou mix qui combine les différents moyens de production, variables selon le pays considéré. Afin de parvenir à simplifier les mix de production d’électricité, une typologie est établie à partir de l’étude des émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES), des mix et de leur décomposition en moyens de production. Elle identifie 4 groupes de pays, classés par émissions GES croissantes, i.e., 0-37 gCO2eq/kWh, 37-300 gCO2eq/kWh, 300-600 gCO2eq/kWh et >600gCO2eq/kWh, et qui possèdent des caractéristiques de composition spécifiques. Afin de se positionner dans une perspective conséquentielle, l’évolution de douze mix électriques de 1960 à 2010 est analysée. L’analyse historique des phénomènes de transition, c’est-à-dire le passage d’un groupe à un autre de la typologie, est ensuite proposée. Un modèle basé sur une optimisation mono-objectif impliquant, dans un premier temps, un critère de minimisation des émissions GES, et puis dans un second temps, un critère de maximisation de la production d’origine renouvelable est développé. Les résultats sont discutés sur la base des données historiques. La méthode développée reste cependant suffisamment générique pour s’appliquer à des évolutions futures de mix. Enfin, une méthode d’élaboration des inventaires génériques est proposée. Prenant en compte les différentes situations auxquelles le praticien pourrait être confronté lors de la réalisation d’une ACV conséquentielle d’un produit, elle rend possible l’élaboration des inventaires électricité génériques pour ACV conséquentielle. L’établissement de données génériques quantifiées nécessiterait l’intégration d’un critère qualitatif d’inertie au changement et la validation de plusieurs cas d’étude à travers une étude statistique pour consolider les résultats
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Sakaras, Anna [Verfasser], and Winfried V. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kern. "Selektionierung sowie genetische und phänotypische Charakterisierung von "Effluxpumpeninhibitor-resistenten" E. coli Mutanten aus einer AcrB-Mutantenbibliothek." Freiburg : Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1123479127/34.
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Schiefner, André. "X-ray crystallographic studies on bacterial proteins involved in active membrane transport MalFGK2, MalE, ProX, and AcrB /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972346732.
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Grummel, Martin. "P-Wellen-Averaging (SAECG) vor aortokoronarer Revaskularisation (ACB) als Risikostratifikation für postoperatives Vorhofflimmern." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968802567.
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Romeu, Clarissa Capelas. "Comparação do desempenho ambiental de dois sabonetes cosméticos utilizando a técnica da ACV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-26062014-155702/.
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O crescimento da conscientização ambiental pela sociedade acarretou na necessidade de se produzir bens de consumo e serviços de maneira mais racional e harmônica com o meio ambiente e, dentro deste cenário, novas técnicas ambientais surgiram, tendo a metodologia de Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) obtido destaque, uma vez que ela pode ser utilizada por empresas como uma ferramenta de suporte de decisão ambiental, a partir de indicadores ambientais relevantes e caracterizando-se como uma oportunidade competitiva para diversos setores da economia. Na busca por uma oportunidade de diferenciação, destacam-se as indústrias cosméticas que possuem a necessidade de apresentar novidades e podem, com a aplicação da metodologia de ACV, desenvolver produtos mais sustentáveis. Os produtos cosméticos mais consumidos pela população são os sabonetes, barra e líquido, que podem, em seus processos de fabricação, privilegiar o uso de ingredientes de origem vegetal e utilizar o apelo de serem produtos ecologicamente corretos, porém um estudo mais detalhado de todos os seus processos, pode incluir o consumo de alguns materiais de origem não renovável e o próprio uso do sabonete, no banho, pode desclassificá-lo do apelo de ecologicamente correto. Sendo assim, neste trabalho, buscou-se a aplicação da ferramenta de ACV na gestão da cadeia de dois sabonetes cosméticos, barra e líquido, permitindo a identificação das suas etapas críticas e avaliação dos seus efeitos ambientais, realizando uma comparação ambiental entre seus resultados para a escolha de qual sabonete é menos impactante para o meio ambiente. Foi realizado um estudo de caso numa empresa cosmética fabricante dos sabonetes em barra e líquido e foram avaliados os processos de produção nos fornecedores das matérias-primas desses sabonetes, a sua etapa de uso no banho e o processo de descarte das embalagens desses sabonetes. O método RECIPE 2008 foi utilizado como metodologia de AICV e, na comparação ambiental dos dois sabonetes, foi possível concluir que o sabonete líquido possui impacto global menor que o sabonete em barra. As categorias de impacto Mudanças climáticas e Depleção fóssil foram as mais significativas para ambos os sabonetes e a Transformação da terra ou Uso do Solo foi significativa apenas para o sabonete em barra.The society´s environmental awareness growth resulted in a need to produce consumer goods and services in a more rational and harmonious way with the environment and, within this scenario, new environmental techniques have emerged, and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA ) achieved prominence, since it can be used by companies as a tool for decision support environment, from environmental relevant indicators and characterized as a competitive opportunity for diverse sectors of economy. In search of an opportunity for differentiation, there are the cosmetic industries that have the need to present news and may, with the application of LCA methodology, develop more sustainable products. The cosmetic products more consumed are the soap, bar and liquid, which may in its manufacturing processes, favoring the use of plant ingredients and use the appeal of being environmentally friendly products, but a more detailed study of all its processes, may include the use of some non-renewable source materials and the use of soap in the bath, may disqualify it from the eco-friendly appeal. Therefore, in this study, sought it the application of LCA tool chain management of two cosmetic soaps, bar and liquid, allowing the identification of critical steps and their assessment of their environmental effects, performing an environmental comparison between the results for the choice of which soap is less harmful to the environment. It was conducted a case study in a cosmetic company manufacturer of bar soaps and liquid and were evaluated the production processes in the suppliers of raw materials soaps, its use in the bath step process and the packaging dispose of these soaps. Through this model, it was possible to identify the most critical stages of manufacturing processes, to observe the impact that the stage of use of cosmetic soap in the shower and compare the differentiation of impact that the type of packaging promotes in a life cycle assessment\' study. The RECIPE 2008 was used as the LCIA methodology and at the environmental comparison of the two soaps, it was possible to conclude that the liquid soap had less over-all impact than the bar soap. The impact categories like Climate change and Fossil depletion were the most significant for both soaps and the Transformation of land or Land use was significant only for the bar soap.
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Webb, Mary. "Woodland history and management in the Oxfordshire Chilterns : implications for the future." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2010. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/ad8a9dc4-aca1-4cf2-acdb-1068430c370e/1/.
Full textAbstract:
During the 20th century, woodland fragmentation and changes in composition have had an impact on the woodland ecology of lowland England. Government policy which initially focussed on softwood timber production, now aims to protect, enhance, restore and expand native deciduous woodland. These initiatives arguably will have the greatest ecological impact if they employ a landscape scale approach to ensure maximum woodland connectivity whilst retaining landscape character. This research investigated woodland change over the last 160 years in the Oxfordshire Chilterns. The Chilterns, characterised by beech woodland, is one of the most wooded areas in lowland England. Digital analysis of two types of historic maps, combined with historic documentary evidence, enabled a quantitative analysis of woodland composition alongside comparison of change over time. The research investigated hypothetical future scenarios for both woodland creation, based on historically wooded sites identified by the research, and restoration of non-native plantations to native species. These scenarios were shown to improve woodland connectivity and to increase patch size in comparison with BAP targets. These methods allowed the retention of the characteristic mosaic Chiltern landscape. Between 1840 and 1883, woodland extent reduced by only 4.6% but by 1883, 16.96% of native deciduous woodland had been converted to mixed woodland. In the 20th century, native woodland increased by 7.6%, still 12% less than in 1840, but mixed (26.13%) and coniferous woodlands (9.73%) increased markedly due to Government policy. These changes resulted in increased fragmentation of native deciduous woodland over time. Future restoration and creation scenarios improved woodland connectivity by increasing patch size and reducing near-neighbour distance; but to reach 30% woodland cover to create a habitat network, total woodland restoration combined with woodland creation is necessary, far exceeding BAP targets. In this research, historic information identifies regional native woodland type and past management which needs to be recognised in policy and information dissemination. More importantly, it provides the information necessary to retain the local cultural landscape pattern while enhancing ecological connectivity and is therefore a valuable method which could be applied elsewhere.
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Todoskoff, Alexis. "Etude des évolutions temporelles du comportement du conducteur sur autoroute : Analyse multidimensionnelle de signaux relatifs au véhicule et aux mouvements de tête sur simulateur." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/728192b1-2071-448e-ac3b-b0ba8954072d.
Full textAbstract:
L'objet de la thèse concerne la détection des évolutions temporelles du comportement du conducteur et notamment de ses dégradations lors d'une situation de conduite monotone de longue durée sur autoroute (hypovigilance, inattention). L'approche retenue caractérise le comportement du conducteur à partir de variables relatives à l'homme et à ses interactions directes ou indirectes avec chacun des composants du système homme-véhicule-environnement (mouvements de tête, angle au volant, vitesse du véhicule, position latérale du véhicule sur la chaussée, cap du véhicule par rapport au trace de la route). L'étude a été réalisée en simulateur sur une population homogène (âge, profession, expérience, de dix conducteurs. La méthode d'analyse employée utilise deux approches complémentaires. La première, l'approche exploratoire, basée sur l'analyse factorielle des correspondances multiples (afcm) permet de mettre en évidence les phénomènes les plus marquants traduits par les différentes variables utilisées. La seconde, l'approche confirmatoire, basée sur une méthode de test (test de Fisher étudiant la symétrie de la distribution) vient valider les résultats de la précédente. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le comportement des conducteurs évolue significativement en se dégradant progressivement tout au long du trajet. Cette altération du comportement se manifeste notamment par l'apparition de phénomènes caractéristiques confirmés dans la littérature. Des mouvements corporels du conducteur plus importants et plus fréquents, - des ajustements de la trajectoire du véhicule plus amples entrainant une augmentation de l'amplitude des écarts latéraux du véhicule sur la chaussée, - une posture plus avachie du conducteur.