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Journal articles on the topic 'Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ragab, Ahmed Refaat, and Pablo Flores. "Adapting Ad-hoc Routing Protocol for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems." International Journal of Data Science 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijods.2.1.1-8.2021.

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The field of the ad-hoc network and its routing protocols had attracted a lot of researchers for many years, due to the various usage of the ad-hoc networks in many fields and especially the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Routing protocols in the ad-hoc network are the main focused problem, for their characteristics and role during the communication process of the ad-hoc networks, with its different types. In this paper, we are going to analyze and sheds the light on the performance of ad-hoc routing protocols, for both Flying ad-hoc network (FANET) and vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET

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Kaur, Manjit, Sahil Verma, and Kavita. "Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET): Challenges and Routing Protocols." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 6 (2020): 2575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8932.

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Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) play a vital part in military (defence), environment and civilian areas, for examples surveillance, traffic monitoring, search, rescue, weather monitoring, fire fighting, agriculture, videography, photography and delivery goods or product from one place to another place etc. Flying Ad-hoc Network is mainly ad-hoc network between unmanned air vehicles. There are several difficulties in flying ad-hoc network. The primary problem is in the communication between unmanned air vehicles. UAV are also known as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The problem of Flying Ad-hoc

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Rahul, Desai, P. Patil B, and Pal Sharma Davinder. "Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network: A Survey and Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (2017): 795–801. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp795-801.

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Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols. In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and throughput parameters are

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Khanchandani, Shailesh Kumar. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (DSDV, OLSR) & REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS (AODV, DSR) IN MANET USING NS-3." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30773.

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The abstract outlines a comprehensive analysis focusing on routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Ad-hoc networks are dynamic wireless networks without a central infrastructure. This analysis compares two types of routing protocols—proactive (table-driven) and reactive (on-demand)—using simulation analysis. The protocols DSDV, OLSR, AODV, and DSR are evaluated using NS-3, considering various performance metrics under different scenarios. The research aims to provide insights into protocol strengths and weaknesses, aiding network protocol selection and potential enhancements. Thi

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Desai, Rahul M., B. P. Patil, and Davinder Pal Sharma. "Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network - A Survey and Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, no. 3 (2017): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp795-801.

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<p class="Default">Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols. In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and t

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Yousif, Samar T. "SIMULATION AND COMPARISON OF AD HOC NETWORKS ROUTING PROTOCOLS BASED ON OPNET." Iraqi Journal of Information and Communication Technology 5, no. 1 (2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.5.1.190.

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Ad-hoc routing algorithm has always been a core problem in research of ad-hoc networks. In order to be able to deal with various routing protocol problems on an ad-hoc network like poor validity and large control overhead, this paper classify and compare ad-hoc network routing protocols through OPNET simulation tool and focus on testing two routing protocols' performance namely, table-driven and on-demand routing protocol. The Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing protocol is the most used table-driven routing protocols, While AODV and DSR routing protocols are the two most used on-dem

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Kumar, Mahendra, and A. K. Jain. "Comparative Performance Analysis of Different Routing Protocols in Wireless Ad-hoc networks (IEEE 802.11)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 3 (2018): 874–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v8i3.3398.

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Wireless Ad-hoc networks have lack of mass deployment. An Ad hoc wireless network has a dynamic nature that leads to constant changes in its network topology.Â There is an infrastructure less and decentralized network which need a robust dynamic routing protocol. This article presents performance comparison of wireless Ad-hoc network on different routing protocols. Network simulator QualNet 5.0.2 has been used to evaluate the performance of wireless networks with various routing protocols.

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Mohammed, Tarique, and Islam Rumana. "Performances of Ad Hoc Networks Under Deterministic and Probabilistic Channel Conditions : Cases for Single Path and Multipath Routing Protocols." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 10, no. 4 (2018): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1327358.

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ABSTRACT Deterministic channel models have been widely used in simulation and modeling of ad hoc network for a long time. But, deterministic channel models are too simple to represent a real-world ad hoc network scenario. Recently, random channel models have drawn considerable attention of the researchers in this field. The results presented in the literature show that random channel models have a grave impact on the performance of an ad hoc network. A comprehensive investigation on this issue is yet to be available in the literature. In this investigation, we consider both deterministic and r

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Mohammed, Tarique, and Islam Rumana. "Performances of Ad Hoc Networks Under Deterministic and Probabilistic Channel Conditions : Cases for Single Path and Multipath Routing Protocols." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 10, no. 4 (2018): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2018.10401.

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Deterministic channel models have been widely used in simulation and modeling of ad hoc network for a long time. But, deterministic channel models are too simple to represent a real-world ad hoc network scenario. Recently, random channel models have drawn considerable attention of the researchers in this field. The results presented in the literature show that random channel models have a grave impact on the performance of an ad hoc network. A comprehensive investigation on this issue is yet to be available in the literature. In this investigation, we consider both deterministic and random cha

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Jeyaprakash, Thangakumar, and Rajeswari Mukesh. "Simulation of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols with a Performance Analysis." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 11, no. 2 (2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v11i2.107.

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Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs), is one of the emerging technologies of Road Transportation system. In recent years, the aspect of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is becoming an interesting research area as it is characterized as self-configured wireless network. The design of routing protocols in VANETs is play a vital role and necessary issue for the Vehicle to Vehicle Communication Technology. The existing routing protocols of MANETs are suitable for VANET with changes in configuration of protocol. The routing protocols fall into two major cate

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Kapur, Raj Kamal, and Sunil Kumar Khatri. "Analyzing Reactive Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 23, no. 03 (2016): 1640006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539316400064.

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are ad hoc networks in which the nodes co-operatively route the traffic to the destination nodes which are beyond the wireless range of source nodes. The nodes in the network act as both end devices and routers. The routing mechanism in MANETs differentiates it from other wireless networks. Developing a routing protocol which is light on resources and efficient is a challenging task. Several routing protocols have been developed but the reactive routing protocols have found favor in most applications since these obtain the route when a node has data to send. Thi

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Chowdhuri, Swati, Payel Roy, Srijan Goswami, Ahmad Taher Azar, and Nilanjan Dey. "Rough Set Based Ad Hoc Network." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 5, no. 4 (2014): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2014100105.

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The ad hoc routing protocol's design has received a huge attention due to the unpredictable and rapid mobility of a node. It is created dynamically without any infrastructure. In ad hoc each node is responsible for routing the information between them. To improve the performance of unused information and to overcome the overhead in maintaining this information the protocols were designed. MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is the collection of wireless mobile nodes which can dynamically form a network. By this definition we can conclude that there is no centralized administration, permanent topolog

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Sun, Qi. "The Research of Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2626.

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Wireless Ad Hoc network routing algorithm is one of the core technologies of wireless Ad Hoc networks. Ad Hoc network is dynamic topology on characteristic, mainly reflected on the network node number and node movement, which lead to network topology changes, in order to study the Ad Hoc network size and topology changes influence on packet delivery, time delay and routing control, through experiment it is concluded that, the dynamic source routing protocol is an ideal choice.

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Safrianti, Ery, Linna Oktaviana Sari, and Tulus Rahayu. "Discovery Routing Time Speed Comparison of AODV, OLSR and ZRP protocols on MANET." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 3, no. 3 (2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.3.3.100-106.

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Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network that contains a collection of nodes without infrastructure and interconnected to communicate. MANET works dynamically when a group of nodes moves spontaneously, so the network topology can change quickly and cannot be predicted. It causes changes in wireless network topology according to existing conditions. The node functions in determining the route to be selected. Ad Hoc networks have limited transmission range, so routing is needed to send data over the network. The problem with mobile nodes is that routing must provide a path when the no

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T, Padmapriya, and Manikanthan S.V. "Investigation of Video Streaming over MANETS Routing Protocols." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 12 (2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i12.30805.

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For industrial and academic researchers from all around the world, the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a specific focus. A MANET was created as a result of the fast growth of wireless gadgets. Mobile Ad hoc network is a self-organizing network with no framework. MANET’s device has the ability to travel in any direction in order to transmit and receive data with other devices or network nodes. An administrator node which is capable of controlling other nodes is absent in MANET. All nodes in MANET act as its own router and host and arrange its own network. The most important element of MANET is

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Cai, Zheng Ce. "Studies on the Secure Routing Protocols of Mobile AD Hoc Networks." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 3203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.3203.

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A mobile AD hoc network (MANETS) is a collection of mobile nodes which can dynamically form a temporary network without using any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) bring great challenges in security due to its high dynamics, link vulnerability, and complete decentralization. With routing being a critical aspect for MANETs, existing routing protocols, however, are not sufficient for security requirements. Limited bandwidth and mobilityrequire that ad hoc routing protocols be robust, simple, and energy conserving. This paper firstly an

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Trofimova, Yelena, and Pavel Tvrdík. "Enhancing Reactive Ad Hoc Routing Protocols with Trust." Future Internet 14, no. 1 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14010028.

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In wireless ad hoc networks, security and communication challenges are frequently addressed by deploying a trust mechanism. A number of approaches for evaluating trust of ad hoc network nodes have been proposed, including the one that uses neural networks. We proposed to use packet delivery ratios as input to the neural network. In this article, we present a new method, called TARA (Trust-Aware Reactive Ad Hoc routing), to incorporate node trusts into reactive ad hoc routing protocols. The novelty of the TARA method is that it does not require changes to the routing protocol itself. Instead, i

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Amena, Begum, Zahidur Rahman Md., Nancy Nurunnahar, and Enamul Haq Md. "Comparative Performance Evaluation of Mobile Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols using NS2 Simulator." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 9, no. 3 (2020): 707–13. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C4691.099320.

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A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an independent assortment of mobile users that communicate over moderately bandwidth constrained wireless links. MANET’s topology is dynamic that can change rapidly because the nodes move freely and can organize themselves randomly; has the advantage of being quickly deployable. Although numerous routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks, there is no universal scheme that works well in scenarios with different network sizes, traffic loads and node mobility patterns, so mobile ad hoc routing protocol election presents a great challe

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Yamamoto, Ryo, Taku Yamazaki, and Satoshi Ohzahata. "VORTEX: Network-Driven Opportunistic Routing for Ad Hoc Networks." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23062893.

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The potential of ad hoc networks, which enable flexible and dynamic network establishment only by mobile terminals equipped with wireless communication devices, has recently attracted attention for the coming IoT era. Although the nature of ad hoc networks shows the advantages of their autonomous and distributed network management, a manifestation of drawbacks owing to the nature of wireless communication and the mobility of terminals are inevitable. Many routing protocols have already been proposed to address the issues by adapting to nature and achieving a certain level of improvement. Howev

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Sultan, Mohamad T., Khaled N. Yasen, and Ali Q. Saeed. "Simulation-based Evaluation of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Fisheye State Routing, and Zone Routing Protocol." Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal 3, no. 2 (2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuesj.v3n2y2019.pp64-69.

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Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less and decentralized network without any physical connections. Nodes are mobile, free to move, and independent of each other which makes routing a difficult task. Hence, a dynamic routing protocol is needed to make MANET reliable and function properly. Several routing protocols have been proposed with different working mechanisms and performance levels. Therefore, the performance study of those protocols is needed. This paper evaluates the performance of MANET routing protocols using simulation based experiments to observe the behavior of th

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Oksiiuk, Oleksandr, and Vadym Krotov. "ANALYSIS AND CHOICE OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS BASED ON THE USE THE NEURAL NETWORK." Informatyka Automatyka Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 9, no. 1 (2019): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0921.

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In the past few years, we have seen a rapid expansion in the field of mobile computing due to the proliferation of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. However, current devices, applications and protocols are solely focused on cellular or wireless local area networks (WLANs), not taking into account the great potential offered by ad hoc networking. Ad hoc networks are wireless mobile networks that can operate without infrastructure and without centralized network management. In such networks, the wireless mobile nodes may dynamically enter the network as well as leave the network. M

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K.Thamizhmaran. "Wireless Ad hoc Reactive Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks." Journal of Optoelectronics and Communication 7, no. 1 (2025): 34–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15152925.

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<em>Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) need scalable, dependable, and efficient routing. Most significantly, each node in the MANETs can function as both a transmitter and a receiver within its communication range. Because of their high level of security, self-organization, and speed of deployment, they can access data and services from any location using dynamic routing. Among the different air communication technologies, MANETs are important because they have mobile nodes that can be randomly connected via wireless links. </em><em>Every node in the network functions as a router and keeps track o

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Jayakumar, Geetha, and Gopinath Ganapathi. "Reference Point Group Mobility and Random Waypoint Models in Performance Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/860364.

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Ad hoc networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols plays an important role. We compare the performance of two prominent on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: dynamic source routing (DSR), ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV). A detailed simulation model with medium access control (MAC) and physical layer models is used to study the interlayer interactions and their performance implications. We demonstrate that even though DSR and AODV share similar on-demand

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Rahul, Desai, and P. Patil B. "Dual Reinforcement Q Routing for Ad Hoc Networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (2017): 786–94. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp786-794.

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Ad Hoc Networks are infrastructure less network in which nodes are connected by Multi-hop wireless links. Each node is acting as a router as it supports distributed routing. Routing challenges occurs as there are frequent path breaks due to the mobility. Various application domains include military applications, emergency search and rescue operations and collaborative computing. The existing protocols used are divided into proactive and on demand routing protocols. The various new routing algorithms are also designed to optimize the performance of a network in terms of various performance para

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SOLANKI, JAGRUT, PIYUSH PATEL, and ANAND CHAUHAN. "Experimental study of Network based Novel Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Wireless Ad-Hoc Network." COMPUSOFT: An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology 04, no. 06 (2015): 1845–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14786268.

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Ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network without any infrastructure or centralize entity. There are number of routing protocol exists in ad hoc network and this protocols have been compared. These protocols are like DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), AODV (Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Algorithm), and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) like more. AODV is Reactive routing protocol. We modify the existing AODV protocol. All Routing Protocol have different Strategies of routing like End to End delay, Packet delivery ratio, Traffic ov

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Jeyaprakash, Thangakumar, and Rajeswari Mukesh. "An Optimized Node Selection Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks – A Hybrid Model." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 11, no. 2 (2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v11i2.106.

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Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks made by vehicles communicating among themselves on roadways. The Routing protocols implemented for MANETs such as Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequence Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV) are not suitable for VANET due to high Mobility. Trusted routing in VANET is a challenging task due to highly dynamic network topology and openness of wireless architecture. To avoid a frequent communication link failure, to reduce the communication overhead

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M., Sakthivel, Udaykumar J., and Saravana Kumar V. "Progressive AODV: A Routing Algorithm Intended for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 2 (2019): 70–74. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B3359.129219.

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Mobile ad hoc networks are an independent wireless network that is built without permanent infrastructure and base station support. Each node in the network uses a wireless connection for connections and acts not only as an end system but also as a path to accelerating packets. Meanwhile, the network nodes are mobile and can move in each path with changing steps, creating a great dynamic of the network. Therefore, the protocols set for general ad hoc networks are inappropriate for such a situation. In addition, the performance of ad hoc routing protocols decreases with increasing network size.

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Gaba, Seema. "Analysis on Performance Matrices of Routing protocols of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 1526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44092.

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Abstract: An ad-hoc network is a local area network which has been constructed to connect the one or more devices accordingly. It is a cluster of cellular mobile nodes that are collected with one-another, which form a transitory network, which means to form a temporary structure and there is no need of any permanent support. However, it will attach all nodes with the use of cellular network structure. At compile time, if there is any problem occur that will harm the network, than it can modify the channel from one node to another node. Therefore, because of greatly effective conditions to make

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Li, Rong Xin, Chao Mei Zheng, and Ling Chai. "Study on Power-Aware Routing Mechanism in MANET." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1100.

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A mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is a group of mobile wireless nodes which communicate without any fixed networking infrastructure. The nodes in an ad hoc mobile network are typically powered by batteries with a limited energy supply. For MANETs, One of the most important and challenging issues is how to conserve energy, maximizing the network lifetime.Since routing is an essential function in these networks, developing power-aware routing protocols has been an intensive research area in recent years. As a result, many power-aware routing protocols have been proposed from a variety of perspect

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Wahid, Ishtiaq, Sadaf Tanvir, Abdul Hameed, and Masood Ahmad. "Software-Defined Networks and Named Data Networks in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Routing: Comparative Study and Future Directions." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1270180.

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Routing protocols are an essential component of vehicular ad hoc networks. Software-defined networks and name data networks are new aspects of routing that are coming to the fore as Vehicular Ad Hoc Network technology evolves. Data Network-based VANET routing protocols and Software Defined Network-based VANET routing protocols have been developed in recent research. These newly developed protocols must be part of VANET routing protocol surveys. The taxonomy of traditional routing protocols must take these innovations into account. To the best of our knowledge, no such taxonomy exists at the mo

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Soumya, S., Prasad K. Krishna, and N. Bappalige Navin. "Performance Analysis of AODV and OLSR protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Network using NS3." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 5, no. 2 (2020): 372–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4384225.

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Mobile Ad Hoc networks is a network in which energy is a main constraint and selection of a protocol that minimizes the energy usage is a key issue. Mobile Ad hoc network communicates with other nodes, without the help of base station and Communication is possible by forwarding a data unit consisting of control information and user data known as packets from one node to other. Furthermore, another key issue in mobile ad hoc networks is routing since the nodes are in mobility and tend to change the paths and move out of the network. The evaluation of energy efficient routing protocols can be ef

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Davinder Singh and Dr. Mohit Gupta. "An Analysis of Routing Protocol in Mobile Adhoc Networks and its Applications." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 21, no. 1 (2024): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/6fshs522.

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Each hub in a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) sends parcels bound for different hubs in the network by means of remote (radio transmission) transmission on a wilful premise, making it a self-beginning, powerful network made up of mobile hubs. Multi-bounce transferring is the essential inspiration for the advancement of ad hoc networking. Remote Ad hoc networks, otherwise called foundation less networks, can be set up rapidly and effectively using radio waves as the network's transmission channel. There is no principal server or referee in an ad hoc network. Every hub in a MANET is fit for playin

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Shugran, Mahmoud Ali Al. "Non-Delay Tolerant Non-Overlay Routing Protocols Performance Evaluation for VANET." Computer and Information Science 14, no. 4 (2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v14n4p20.

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A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a distinctive situation of wireless ad hoc networks. The designing of the routing protocol considers a critical role in communication in VANET. VANET has specific features compared to other types of wireless ad hoc networks that impose special characteristics for designing of efficient routing protocols.The challenging factor in designing efficient routing protocols for VANET is the high movement of vehicles that incurs a rapid change in the network topology that causes frequent link breakage. This paper presents and evaluates different position-based rout

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Hryschuk, Iryna, Andrii Astrakhantsev, Stanislav Pedan, and Larysa Globa. "ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS CHARACTERISTICS IN AD-HOC NETWORK." Information and Telecommunication Sciences, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2411-2976.12024.12-17.

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Background. Wireless ad-hoc networks are becoming increasingly prevalence in remote areas, in extreme environments, even in military operations, and in scenarios where setting up infrastructure networks is not possible. Research of ad-hoc routing protocols problems allows improving the efficiency of their operation in conditions of high variability in packet loss or instability of network operation when the speed of users changes. Objective. The purpose of the paper is analysis of packet loss dependency from a network operation time, study of a user speed influence on a network efficiency, and

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Patel, Jatinkumar, and Hosam El-Ocla. "Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Sensor Networks Using Genetic Algorithm." Sensors 21, no. 21 (2021): 7060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217060.

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In this paper, we examine routing protocols with the shortest path in sensor networks. In doing this, we propose a genetic algorithm (GA)-based Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector routing protocol (GA-AOMDV). We utilize a fitness function that optimizes routes based on the energy consumption in their nodes. We compare this algorithm with other existing ad hoc routing protocols including LEACH-GA, GA-AODV, AODV, DSR, EPAR, EBAR_BFS. Results prove that our protocol enhances the network performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, round trip time and energy consumption. GA-AO

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S., Manikandan, and Manikanda Kumaran K. "Performance Analysis of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Routing Protocols using Network Simulator – 2." COMPUSOFT: An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology 03, no. 06 (2014): 957–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14742847.

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Ad-hoc network is a network which consists of nodes that use a wireless interface to send packet data. Since the nodes in a network of this kind can serve as routers and hosts, they can forward packets on behalf of other nodes and run user application. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is probably the most well-known example of this networking paradigm have been around for over twenty years, mainly exploited to design tactical networks. Furthermore, the multi-hop ad-hoc networking paradigm is often used for building sensor networks to study, control, monitor events and phenomena. To exploit thes

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Han, Hui, Hong De Zhang, and Yang Wang. "A Routing Protocol for Emergency Communication Based on Load Balancing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.744.

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Ad-hoc communications is a mobile communication networks and computer networks combine with no infrastructure support, and network survivability and flexibility is strong, especially suitable for emergency communication. As the existing mobile ad hoc network routing protocols lack of network load balancing capabilities, this paper proposed a routing protocol based on load balancing LBBR (Load Balancing Based Routing). Simulation results shows that, LBBR can improve the success rate of packet transmission, reducing the average end to end delay, thus effectively improving network performance.

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Alsaqour, Raed. "A Simulation Modeling Approach for the Performance of Proactive, Reactive and Position-based Routing Protocols in MANET." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 9 (2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0922_12.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) hasrecently gotten much attention, especially regarding proactive, reactive, and position-based routing protocols. Routing protocols' primary objective is to transmit data packets from their source to their destination. Identifying the best routing protocol is a common problem in Ad Hoc networks. This paper presents a performance evaluation study of proactive, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), reactive; Ad Hoc onDemand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), and positionbased routing; Location-Aided Routing (LAR1). The QualNet v5.1 simulator was used to conduct the perform

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Chinnaswamy, Sivamani, Vinod Wamanrao Gangane, Prabaharan P, and Venkata Ramana K. "BRIDGING CONNECTIVITY GAPS WITH DYNAMIC AND SELF-ORGANIZING COMMUNICATION IN AD-HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 15, no. 1 (2024): 3140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2024.0467.

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Ad-hoc wireless networks are characterized by their dynamic and self-organizing nature, making them suitable for scenarios where traditional infrastructure-based networks are impractical or unavailable. However, the inherent mobility and decentralized nature of ad-hoc networks pose significant challenges in maintaining reliable connectivity. This paper proposes a novel approach to address these challenges by leveraging the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) to facilitate dynamic and self-organizing communication in ad-hoc wireless networks. The ZRP divides the network into overlapping zones, with eac

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Hussen, Hassen Redwan, Sung-Chan Choi, Jong-Hong Park, and Jaeho Kim. "Predictive geographic multicast routing protocol in flying ad hoc networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 7 (2019): 155014771984387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719843879.

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In the past decades, the unmanned aerial systems have been utilized only for military operations. However, recently, the potential uses and applicability of unmanned aerial vehicles (commonly known as drones) in civilian application domains are becoming a fast-growing phenomenon. A flying ad hoc network is a wireless ad hoc network specifically designed for the communication of unmanned aerial vehicles. Multicast routing is one of the vital aspects in wireless ad hoc networks. Using multicast transmission approaches, flying ad hoc network applications may need to send the same message to a spe

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Nampally, Venkatamangarao, and M. Raghavender Sharma. "Reliable and Efficient Routing Mechanisms for Vehicular ad-hoc Network." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.2.1879.

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In order to provide stable connections among nodes, a routing protocol is necessary in VANET system. Dynamic topology and frequent disconnection makes difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for VANET to route information among nodes. The survey of routing protocols in VANET system helps in understanding the concepts of smart intelligent transport system (ITS). It is observed that carry-and-forward is the key consideration and main function of an efficient routing protocol in VANET system. This paper explains various routing protocols for VANET system.

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Lawal, Bello, Panos Bakalis, Samuel John Manam, and Titus Eneh. "Performance Optimisation of Mobile Ad hoc Reactive Routing Protocols." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.249.

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In this paper, we optimized the performance of Ad hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols through simulation. Numerical and simulation results presented illustrate how the performance of an ad hoc network protocol drastically changes as a result of changing the mobility model and ambient noise level in the network. The simulation results showed that, in the presence of ambient noise level in the network, AODV and DSR protocols have a significant improvement in end-to-end delay reduction with 68.5 % for AODV and 86.8% for DSR respectively. The network load simulat

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Abdullhaj Saif, Ali Abdulmalek, and Krishan Kumar. "Enhance the performance of AODV routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012057.

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Abstract Enhancing the quality of service is still facing various challenges due to nature and configuration of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) such as free movement of nodes, unpredictable changes in network topology as no infrastructure exist in the network. The large usage of mobile ad-hoc network in various applications raises the demand to enhance the performance as well as reduce loss of packets through various factors. The routing protocols play the most important aspect in MANET. There are three kinds of routing protocols that are: reactive, proactive and hybrid that are utilized to opti

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International, Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems (IJANS). "Multipath Fault Tolerant Routing Protocol in MANET." International Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems (IJANS) 2, no. 1 (2023): 13. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijans.2012.2103.

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) consist of a collection of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically exchange data among themselves without the reliance on a fixed base station or a wired backbone network and it the makes the routing a crucial issue to the design of the MANET. Multiple path routing protocols are shown to be performance-effective alternatives over single-path routing for ad hoc networks and it represents a promising routing method for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Multi-path routing achieves load balancing and is more resilient to route failures..In this paper we propose an en

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Walunjkar, Gajanan Madhavrao, and Koteswara Rao Anne. "Performance analysis of routing protocols in MANET." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp1047-1052.

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Popularity of Mobile ad hoc network in research is due to their ad hoc nature and effectiveness at the time of disaster management when no infrastructure support is available. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple network hops may be needed for nodes to exchange data across the network. In such a network, each mobile node operates as a router, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within the direct reach. Routing protocols developed for wired networks such as the distance vector or link state protocols are inadequate h

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Gajanan, Madhavrao Walunjkar, and Rao Anne Koteswara. "Performance analysis of routing protocols in MANET." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS) 17, no. 2 (2020): 1047–52. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp1047-1052.

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Popularity of Mobile ad hoc network in research is due to their ad hoc nature and effectiveness at the time of disaster management when no infrastructure support is available. Due to the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple network hops may be needed for nodes to exchange data across the network. In such a network, each mobile node operates as a router, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within the direct reach. Routing protocols developed for wired networks such as the distance vector or link state protocols are inadequate h

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E., Ahvar, and Fathy M. "Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for High Density Ad Hoc Networks Based on Energy Consumption by GlomoSim Simulator." May 28, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1078215.

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Ad hoc networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. We compare the performance of three routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), location-aided routing (LAR1).Our evaluation is based on energy consumption in mobile ad hoc networks. The performance differentials are analyzed using varying network load, mobility, and network size. We simulate protocols with GLOMOSIM simulator. Based on the observations, we

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E., Ahvar, and Fathy M. "Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols For High Density Ad Hoc Networks based on Qos by GlomoSim Simulator." May 29, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1071212.

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Ad hoc networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. We compare the performance of three routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) , Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), location-aided routing(LAR1).The performance differentials are analyzed using varying network load, mobility, and network size. We simulate protocols with GLOMOSIM simulator. Based on the observations, we make recommendations about when the performance of either protocol can be

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Hatem, S. A. Hamatta, I. Zanoon Nabeel, and M. Al-Tarawneh Rasha. "Comparative Review for Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." April 30, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijasuc.2016.7202.

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Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks is one of the attractive research field that growing exponentially in the last decade. it surrounded by much challenges that should be solved the improve establishment of such networks. Failure of wireless link is considered as one of popular challenges faced by Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). As this type of networks does not require any pre-exist hardware. As well as, every node have the ability of roaming where it can be connected to other nodes dynamically. Therefore, the network internal structure will be unpredictably changed frequently according to conti

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Hatem, S. A. Hamatta Nabeel I. Zanoon and Rasha M. Al-Tarawneh. "COMPARATIVE REVIEW FOR ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS." February 5, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506286.

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Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks is one of the attractive research field that growing exponentially in the last decade. it surrounded by much challenges that should be solved the improve establishment of such networks. Failure of wireless link is considered as one of popular challenges faced by Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). As this type of networks does not require any pre-exist hardware. As well as, every node have the ability of roaming where it can be connected to other nodes dynamically. Therefore, the network internal structure will be unpredictably changed frequently according to conti

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