Academic literature on the topic 'ADAMS-Motorcycle'

Motorcycle Ride Comfort is the important performance of motorcycle. In this paper, a rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype is developed with CATIA, ADAMS and NASTRAN tools. Combined with motorcycle road simulator, the simulation platform of motorcycle ride comfort is built. Then with the input of pulse road, motorcycle ride comfort is simulated, and the simulation results are verified by experiment results. It indicates that the simulation results have a high credibility and the road simulator provides a good method of verification for simulation of motorcycle ride comfort.

The motorcycle dynamics simulation method based on the road simulation test and virtual prototype is developed, and a rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype with test platform of motorcycle is created with CATIA, NASTRAN and ADAMS software. According to two-channel tire-coupled road simulator of MTS Systems Corporation, the simulation model and platform are repetitively refined to fairly high precision by comparing simulation results with experimental results. The iterated excitation signal based on real road load or typical spectrum of different roads is imported into the virtual test platform, the comfort and durability tests of motorcycle can be undertaken to replace road simulator, the test period and cost are greatly reduced, and test security is increased.

Based on 3D digital model of motorcycle constructed in UGNX, motorcycle multi-body model was established for dynamic behavior analysis under inbuilt assembling of coefficient matrix of dynamical equation in computation code of ADAMS. Through the comparison of simulation analysis for dynamics of different models in accelerations in time and frequency domains, it is concluded that realistic multi-body model better represents the dynamic behavior of motorcycle while simplified one with less physical parameters only provides qualitative analysis for the dynamic behavior. The simulation results shows that model IV with accurate parameters of components influences the dynamic response of frame, simplified models could not represent the influence of mass and inertia moment of subsystems on dynamic behavior, which means advanced motorcycle multi-body improves simulation effectiveness and approximates the dynamic behavior of motorcycle well so that the simulation developed to replace experiments in bad working conditions will promote the advancement of engineering.

Based on the rigid-flexible coupling model, this article utilized ADAMS to establish a dynamics model of a motorcycle, in which the engine excitation and road excitation were determined. According to the ISO5349 and ISO2631 standards, the vibration of the motorcycle at 60 km/h was analyzed. The results showed that the high-frequency vibration of the engine accounted for the most vibration at the handle when driving on the B-class road at 60 km/h, and the vibration level was uncomfortable. In contrast, the low-frequency vibration of the road roughness was the main excitation of the cushion vibration, and the vibration level was relatively uncomfortable. These results were in accordance with the subjective impression on human observers, indicating that the vibration comfort analysis method based on the rigid-flexible coupling model was correct and effective to provide theoretical basis for the subsequent improvement and modification early in the design stage.

Many studies indicate that wearing a bicycle helmet significantly reduces the risk of accident-related head injuries. Less is reported, however, about bicycle helmet use, about preventing facial injury. Epidemiological studies typically report incidences of 'head injury,' though rarely categorize head, brain, and facial injuries separately. Studies that do focus on facial injury suggest that helmets do not provide adequate protection. A 3D biofidelic child head form and two conventional bicycle helmets (that is,” open face") were created in MSC ADAMS™ computer modelling and simulation software. Peak force and linear accelerations were measured for a series of head form impact simulations corresponding to an established testing standard and a newly proposed series of tests derived from modified motorcycle standards, incorporating injury thresholds from the facial bone impact tolerance literature. Almost all impact simulations exceeded the threshold for fracture, soft tissue, and dental trauma. An observational study was conducted using MSC ADAMS™ to assess a helmeted headform's face exposure during impact simulations. Helmets failed to reduce face impact exposure, during all simulations, except for perpendicular cheek impacts. International test standards, therefore, require urgent revision to ensure that face protection is included.

The stability of two-wheeled vehicles is predominantly characterized by the well-known weave and wobble vibration modes, which have been extensively investigated in the literature, mainly in terms of their frequencies and damping ratios. In this work the focus is towards their mode shapes, which are investigated using the screw-axis (also called Mozzi-axis), instead of the classic compass diagrams, for a better understanding of their three-dimensional patterns. The analysis is then carried out using the velocity centres for a characterization from the top, rear and side view of the vehicle. The multibody vehicle model employed for the numerical analysis is built in Adams. The dataset resembles that of a 250cc sport motorcycle, and has been derived from laboratory tests. The stability analysis is carried out in the frequency domain. It is found that, depending on the selected plane for the projection of the three-dimensional vibration motion, the trajectories of the velocity centres of the weave and wobble can cross either aft or fore the centre of mass, which has been associated to the under- and over-steering behaviour in the literature.

This thesis consists of theoretical overview about motorcycle chassis and suspension systems as well as information about springs and dampers. It is also focused on practical usage of multibody simulation for motorcycle suspension testing which leads to the development of series of virtual riding tests built within MSC Adams View software environment. Then the results are further discussed together with suggestions for future improvement of this model.

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>100<br>As urbanization developments continue in Taiwan, the population concentrating in urban areas has become more and more severe. As a result, city vehicle density increase, and parking is hard to find. People move to lighter vehicles like motorcycles for short distance transportation. In a crowded line, automobile with motorcycle accidents happen very frequently; and with each party sticking to his own version, or the motorcycle party is unable to speak, the use of academic institute’s computer simulation to reconstruct the scene prior and after the accident in order to clarify responsibility become widely known. However, most of these collision simulations are suitable between automobile, collision simulation of automobile with motorcycle are still rare. Especially in accidents where both parties are going in the same direction and have the same rights-of-way. The police and forensic unit usually make their ruling based on the motorcycle’s position, which usually brings criticism and doubts. As the responsibility of accident affects both parties’ interest in a big way, it is necessary to create an automobile with motorcycle collision simulation system. Since the traffic authorities have not build a vehicle related database, we used SolidWorks 3D to draw human figures, motorcycles, and car models in this research. In addition, we imported ADAMS software to input the model parameters. We included many same-direction traffic collision possibilities in the simulation. We studied the vehicle speed in correlation to the direction and position of where the motorcycles fall. Motion trajectory and the direction of where the motorcycle falls are also estimated through animation. The results of this study show that the rules that police frequently used to reconstruct a traffic accident scenario may not be correct, based on the falling side of a motorcycle in the actual scene after its collision with an automobile. Therefore, the police and the appraisal committees must be more careful on their appraisal work if a motorcycle is involved in an accident.

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>93<br>With the popularity of automobiles, motorcycle riders still constitute the largest group among domestic traffic motorists in Taiwan. Although motorcycle accidents only accounts for 30% of all traffic accidents, they are responsible for 50% of the overall fatality. When motorcycles accidents happen, riders have high possibilities of being seriously injured or killed. Situations of these would therefore often result in police statements only from the surviving opposite side, usually car drivers. Thus, truth would sometimes be covered up by people with malicious intentions. Nowadays, although computer simulation to aid in traffic accident reconstruction is widely used by many traffic accident appraisal committees and academic institutions, however, most of the cases being simulated only involve with car-to-car collisions. As for car-to-motorcycle accidents, none have been performed yet here in Taiwan. With intent to filling in the missing portion, an ADAMS model was constructed to contain essential elements such as dummy riders, motorcycles, and vehicles without considering plastic deformation during collision. Two major types of motorcycles were included to differentiate accident possibilities in the same scenario. Results from simulation indicated that impact forces to the riders’ heads are considerably greater with a stand-type than with a scooter-type one and thus would often result in fatal injuries. When the computer model was applied to real accident cases, different possibilities can be displayed through animation to help the individuals involved and the investigators analyze and identify the most likely scenario happened. Results from this study showed that computer simulation on traffic accidents involved with motorcycles not only is very helpful to the traffic accident reconstruction but also offers valuable information to the design of motorcycles as far as how to implement understandings to lessen serious injuries of motorcycle riders through modification of vehicle structures or installation of proper safety devices.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>88<br>The main objective of this paper is to use ADAMS/CAE Dynamic System Software to simulate vibration of single-cylinder motorcycle engine suspension system. The shaking force and shaking moment are the key factors of vibration of chassis from engine operation. ADAMS is used to construct 3D model of engine and chassis and to simulate the result of dynamic system. The experimental are studied in detail to compare the simulation results from ADAMS. Finally, Taguchi method is used to study the optimum design variables.

Two and three-wheeled vehicles are being used in increasing numbers in many emerging countries. The dynamics of such vehicles are very different from those of cars and other means of transportation. This thesis deals with a study of the dynamics of a motorcycle and an extensively used three-wheeled vehicle, called an “auto-rickshaw” in India. The commercially available multi-body dynamics (MBD) software, ADAMS, is used to model both the vehicles and simulations are performed to obtain insight into their dynamics. In the first part of the thesis, a study of the two wheeler dynamics is presented. A fairly detailed model of a light motorcycle with all the main sub-systems, such as the frame, front fork, shock absorbers , power train, brakes, front and rear wheel including tire slips and the rider is created in ADAMS-Motorcycle. The simulation results dealing with steering torques and angles for steady turns on a circular path are presented. From the simulation results and analytical models, it is shown that for path radius much greater than motorcycle wheel base, the steering torque and angle can be described by only two functions for each of the two variables. The first function is related to the lateral acceleration and can be determined numerically and the second function, in terms of the inverse of the path radius, is derived as an analytical approximation. Various tire and geometric parameters are varied in the ADAMS simulations and it is clearly shown that steady circular motion of a motorcycle can be reasonably approximated by only two curves–one for steering torque and one for steering angle. In the second part of the thesis, a stability analysis of the three-wheeled “autorickshaw” is presented. The steering instability is one of the major problems of the “auto-rickshaw” and this is studied using a MBD model created in ADAMS-CAR .In an Initial model the frame ,steering column and rear-forks (trailing arms) are assumed to be rigid. A linear eigenvalue analysis, at different speeds, reveals a predominantly steering oscillation, called a “wobble” mode, with a frequency in the range of 5 to 6Hz. The analysis results show that the damping of this mode is small but positive up to the maximum speed(14m/s) of the three-wheeled vehicle. Experiments performed on the three-wheeled vehicle show that the mode is unstable at speeds below 8.33m/s and thus the experimental results do not agree with the model. Next, this wobble instability is studied with an analytical model, similar to the model proposed for wheel shimmy problem in aircrafts. The results of this model show that the wobble is stable at low speeds regardless of the magnitude of torsional stiffness of steering column. This is also not matching with the experimental result. A more refined MBD model with flexibility incorporated in the frame, steering column and the trailing arm is constructed. Simulation results with the refined model show three modes of steering oscillations. Two of these are found to be well damped and the third is found to be lightly damped with negative damping at low speeds, and the results of the model with the flexibility is shown to be matching reasonably well with the experimental results. Detailed simulations with flexibility of each body incorporated, one at a time, show that the flexibility in the steering column is the main contributor of the steering instability and the instability is similar to the wheel shimmy problem in aircrafts. Finally, studies of modal interaction on steering instabilities and parametric studies with payload and trail are presented.

Two and three-wheeled vehicles are being used in increasing numbers in many emerging countries. The dynamics of such vehicles are very different from those of cars and other means of transportation. This thesis deals with a study of the dynamics of a motorcycle and an extensively used three-wheeled vehicle, called an “auto-rickshaw” in India. The commercially available multi-body dynamics (MBD) software, ADAMS, is used to model both the vehicles and simulations are performed to obtain insight into their dynamics. In the first part of the thesis, a study of the two wheeler dynamics is presented. A fairly detailed model of a light motorcycle with all the main sub-systems, such as the frame, front fork, shock absorbers , power train, brakes, front and rear wheel including tire slips and the rider is created in ADAMS-Motorcycle. The simulation results dealing with steering torques and angles for steady turns on a circular path are presented. From the simulation results and analytical models, it is shown that for path radius much greater than motorcycle wheel base, the steering torque and angle can be described by only two functions for each of the two variables. The first function is related to the lateral acceleration and can be determined numerically and the second function, in terms of the inverse of the path radius, is derived as an analytical approximation. Various tire and geometric parameters are varied in the ADAMS simulations and it is clearly shown that steady circular motion of a motorcycle can be reasonably approximated by only two curves–one for steering torque and one for steering angle. In the second part of the thesis, a stability analysis of the three-wheeled “autorickshaw” is presented. The steering instability is one of the major problems of the “auto-rickshaw” and this is studied using a MBD model created in ADAMS-CAR .In an Initial model the frame ,steering column and rear-forks (trailing arms) are assumed to be rigid. A linear eigenvalue analysis, at different speeds, reveals a predominantly steering oscillation, called a “wobble” mode, with a frequency in the range of 5 to 6Hz. The analysis results show that the damping of this mode is small but positive up to the maximum speed(14m/s) of the three-wheeled vehicle. Experiments performed on the three-wheeled vehicle show that the mode is unstable at speeds below 8.33m/s and thus the experimental results do not agree with the model. Next, this wobble instability is studied with an analytical model, similar to the model proposed for wheel shimmy problem in aircrafts. The results of this model show that the wobble is stable at low speeds regardless of the magnitude of torsional stiffness of steering column. This is also not matching with the experimental result. A more refined MBD model with flexibility incorporated in the frame, steering column and the trailing arm is constructed. Simulation results with the refined model show three modes of steering oscillations. Two of these are found to be well damped and the third is found to be lightly damped with negative damping at low speeds, and the results of the model with the flexibility is shown to be matching reasonably well with the experimental results. Detailed simulations with flexibility of each body incorporated, one at a time, show that the flexibility in the steering column is the main contributor of the steering instability and the instability is similar to the wheel shimmy problem in aircrafts. Finally, studies of modal interaction on steering instabilities and parametric studies with payload and trail are presented.