Academic literature on the topic 'Adaptation aux plantes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Adaptation aux plantes":
Richer-Leclerc, C., J. A. Rioux, S. Végiard, J. Côté, and L. Guillemette. "Évaluation de la tolérance de Betula pendula et de Betula nigra aux conditions climatiques du nord-est canadien." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-032.
Heiss, Ernst, and Reinhard Remane. "Adaptation or Coevolution in Associations of Phytophagous Endemic Bugs and Vascular Plants on the Canary Islands (Heteroptera)." Entomologia Generalis 19, no. 1-2 (September 1, 1994): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/19/1994/065.
Cargnelutti, D., T. F. Marostica, G. S. Moura, V. C. Da Luz, E. A. C. M. Guimarães, and L. H. Cazarolli. "Does Allium sativum L. tolerate water deficit?" Scientific Electronic Archives 12, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1262019963.
Vincent, Bryan. "Contribution de la symbiose fixatrice d’azote dans l’adaptation d’une légumineuse à des sols contrastés : le modèle Acacia spirorbis et les contraintes édaphiques extrêmes rencontrées en Nouvelle-Calédonie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 341 (July 20, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.341.a31757.
Yu, Haomiao, Yuan Yuan, Sijiao Wang, Guoming Wu, Haishen Xu, Jianglan Wei, Le Ju, Yulin Huang, and Hui Chen. "Interspecies Evolution and Networks Investigation of the Auxin Response Protein (AUX/IAA) Family Reveals the Adaptation Mechanisms of Halophytes Crops in Nitrogen Starvation Agroecological Environments." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080780.
Dejean, A. "Adaptation d'Oecophylla longinoda [Formicidae-Formicinae] aux variations spatio-temporelles de la densité de proies." Entomophaga 36, no. 1 (March 1991): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02374635.
Weaver, Ryan J. "Hypothesized Evolutionary Consequences of the Alternative Oxidase (AOX) in Animal Mitochondria." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 4 (April 27, 2019): 994–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz015.
Lin, Zesong, Jianyan Wu, Pierce A. Jamieson, and Chuanqing Zhang. "Alternative Oxidase Is Involved in the Pathogenicity, Development, and Oxygen Stress Response of Botrytis cinerea." Phytopathology® 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-19-0012-r.
Medrano Macías, Julia, María Guadalupe López Caltzontzit, Erika Nohemi Rivas Martínez, Willian Alfredo Narváez Ortiz, Adalberto Benavides Mendoza, and Paulino Martínez Lagunes. "Enhancement to Salt Stress Tolerance in Strawberry Plants by Iodine Products Application." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030602.
Kashyap, Ruchika, Zsolt Csintalan, Katalin Veres, and Evelin Ramóna Péli. "Seasonal variation of antioxidant enzymatic responses in the desiccation-tolerant bryophyte Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 8, no. 1 (2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2021.8.1.37.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adaptation aux plantes":
Dutartre, Leslie. "Co-évolution plantes-insectes : adaptation des lépidoptères aux Poaceae." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4047.
To study the principle of plant-insect co-evolution, we studied the interaction between a Poaceae, Zea mays, and the insect Spodoptera frugiperda. The Poaceae developed the DIMBOA-biosynthetic pathway, compound with bactericide, fungicide and insecticide effects. Noctuid moths like S. Frugiperda, a maize pest, had to coevolve when the pathway expanded. We studied the origin of the DIMBOA-biosynthetic pathway in Poaceae by a bioinformatic approach and demonstrated that the origin of the pathway was the rearrangement of two new duplicated genes, Bx1 and Bx2, at the tip of a chromosome of a poaceous ancestor. Bx2 was further duplicated, leading to the 4 P450s of the pathway which further evolved by functional divergence and/or positive selection processes, explaining their actual high substrate specificity. We also characterized maize lines for which the pathway was blocked in the Bx1 and Bx3 genes by metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches and demonstrated that they could be used to simulate disappeared evolutionary ancestral steps. We then compared the influence of the ingestion of wild type or Bx1 and Bx3 mutant plants on S. Frugiperda larvae by a toxicological study and a transcriptomic approach. Finally, we studied the toxicological impact of different pathway intermediates on insect larvae. Our results demonstrate that, during coevolution, the polyphagous insect S. Frugiperda has optimized its response to the entire pathway and is no longer adapted to ancestral steps of the pathway and DIMBOA precursors. This observation allows us to envisage the manipulation of a maize constitutive defense as a way to fight against one of its main pest
Tamisier, Lucie. "Adaptation des populations virales aux résistances variétales et exploitation des ressources génétiques des plantes pour contrôler cette adaptation." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0696/document.
Plants carrying major resistance genes have been widely used to fight against diseases. However, the pathogensability to overcome the resistance after a few years of usage requires the search for efficient and durable resistances.The objectives of this thesis were (i) to identify plant genomic regions limiting pathogen evolution by inducinggenetic drift effects and (ii) to study the impact of the evolutionary forces imposed by the plant on the pathogenability to adapt to resistance, the goal being to further use these forces to limit pathogen evolution. The pepper(Capsicum annuum) – PVY (Potato virus Y) pathosystem has been mainly used to conduct these researches.Regarding the first objective, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped on a biparental pepper population andthrough genome-wide association on a pepper core-collection. These approaches have allowed the detection ofgenomic regions on chromosomes 6, 7 and 12 controlling viral effective population size during the inoculationstep. Some of these QTLs were common to PVY and CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) while other were virusspecific.Moreover, the QTL detected on chromosome 6 colocalizes with a previously identified QTL controllingPVY accumulation and interacting with a QTL affecting the breakdown frequency of a major resistance gene.Regarding the second objective, a correlation analysis between the evolutionary forces imposed by the plant andan experimental estimation of the durability of a major resistance gene has been done. Experimental evolution ofPVY populations on plants contrasted for the levels of genetic drift, selection and virus accumulation they imposedhas also been performed. Both studies demonstrated that a plant inducing a strong genetic drift combined to areduction in virus accumulation limits virus evolution and could even lead to the extinction of the virus population.These results open new perspectives to deploy plant genetic factors directly controlling pathogen evolutionarypotential and could help to preserve the durability of major resistance genes
Thouvenot, Lise. "Stratégies de réponse de l'espèce invasive Ludwigia grandiflora aux contraintes environnementales." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S141.
The success of invasive species depends on the characteristics of exotic species (their biological traits) and the characteristics of their introduced habitats (biotic and abiotic characteristics). The success of these species will depend on their response strategies to environmental constraints. In this thesis, we focus on the the Large Water Primrose plant species, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. Hexapetala,. This amphiphyte species is considered as the most invasive aquatic plant in France. The present thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the adaptive strategies of Ludwigia grandiflora to environmental constraints in order to better understand and explain its invasive success. The responses of this species to abiotic parameters and biotic interaction were investigated using a functional traits approach. To achieve these goals, we conducted microcosm and mesocosm experiments. We demonstrated that L. Grandiflora possesses a large adaptive capacity to respond to fluctuations of abiotic factors (e. G. Variation of water depth, light intensity, salinization of ecosystems). Furthermore, our results showed that L. Grandiflora had a high growth rate, compensated herbivore damages and was able to produce a dense canopy in response to competition. However, the response strategy of L. Grandiflora to biotic pressure (competition and predation) depended on its own density, on the density and the status (native vs exotic) of neighboring species and on its environment (terrestrial vs aquatic). The response strategies of L. Grandiflora face to abiotic parameters and biotic pressure could explain its invasive success
Jiménez-Ambriz, Georgina. "Hétérogénéité environnementale et polymorphisme chez Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) : étude conjointe de la diversité génétique neutre et sélectionnée chez une espèce tolérante aux métaux lourds." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20089.
Amezian, Dries. "Utilisation du modèle cellulaire de la légionnaire d'automne, Spodoptera frugiperda, les cellules Sf9 pour étudier le rôle de facteurs de transcription sur l'expression des gènes de détoxification en réponse aux xénobiotiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ6000.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest feeding on numerous host-plants including important crops such as maize, rice and sorghum. It is one of the world’s most destructive pests which only recently invaded the eastern hemisphere incl. Asia. It provides exceptional economic damage in many crops across continents each year. Controlling this insect pest largely relies on the application of insecticides resulting in the development of resistance to many classes of synthetic insecticides. FAW has developed sophisticated adaptive mechanisms to eliminate xenobiotics (plant secondary metabolites and insecticides), among them, upregulation and duplication of genes expressing detoxification enzymes. They are often expressed at low basal level and induced when the insect is exposed to xenobiotics. While the role of these enzymes is well characterized in several pest insects, the transcription factors controlling their expression remain largely unexplored. The aim of my thesis was to determine the role of Cap'n'collar isoform C (CncC) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (Maf) in S. frugiperda adaptation to xenobiotics employing an Sf9 cell model.I used the cell model of S. frugiperda, the Sf9 cells and showed that CncC, Maf and several detoxification enzymes are induced after exposure to indole 3-carbinol (I3C), a glucosinolate found in Brassicaceae such as cabbage and broccoli, and methoprene (Mtp), a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic insecticide. I showed that transient overexpression of CncC and Maf in Sf9 cells was followed by overexpression of several detoxification genes. In order to characterize the role of these transcription factors in response to xenobiotics two types of stably transformed cell lines were established. The first cell lines overexpress CncC, Maf or both genes while the second were mutated for CncC (Knock-Out, KO) using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. I performed cell viability assays (MTT) and used molecular probes in High Content Screening (HCS) to test whether the modification of the CncC:Maf pathway affected the ability of Sf9 cells to cope with toxic stress. The OE cell lines were more tolerant to I3C and Mtp than the control (wildtype Sf9 cell line), whereas the KO cell lines were more sensitive to these xenobiotics. The activities of some detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterases (CEs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) toward model substrates were also increased in OE cell lines, whereas they were decreased in KO cell lines. Recent studies have suggested that activation of the CncC:Maf pathway is mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon toxic stress. I therefore measured ROS production in Sf9 cells treated with I3C and Mtp. Both xenobiotics triggered in-cell ROS pulses although at limited levels in OE lines, unlike to KO lines for which ROS levels were more prominent. The use of an antioxidant suppressed the ROS pulses and restored tolerance of KO cells to I3C and Mtp. Finally, I compared the differentially expressed genes in the OE and KO cell lines in a transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq. This allowed me to identify genes potentially controlled by CncC and Maf, most of them being detoxification genes with a role in insecticide resistance and metabolism of plant compounds as demonstrated in several studies. In conclusion, I present here new data in designed model Sf9 cell lines suggesting that the CncC:Maf signaling pathway plays a central role in FAW adaptation to toxic environmental compounds and insecticides. This knowledge helps to better understand pathways in detoxification gene expression and can be helpful to design next- generation insect control measures by interfering with these pathways and detoxification gene expression
Bavay, Cécile. "Adaptation des méthodologies d’évaluation sensorielle aux produits agroalimentaires à forte variabilité." Angers, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846841.
The sensory characteristics are evaluated by descriptive methods of sensory evaluation, such as the conventional profile. The sensory results from profiling present a large variability, due to differences between assessors on the one hand, and within-batch variability, that is differences between units of a sample, on the other hand. To date, differences between assessors are taken into account and sensory methodologies have been adapted for that. Nevertheless, within-batch variability has not been tackled, despite the challenge it represents. With the apple as a model, this PhD work addresses the issue of within-batch variability from two points of view: the measuring of variability and the reduction of variability, with the aim of improving the reliability of the sensory measure. First, the capacity of the panel to discriminate between apples from different cultivars and between apples, identified as different by an instrumental measure, within each cultivar has been observed. Second, in order to take within-batch variability into account, the standard models for analysis of variance used in sensory evaluation has been adapted by adding a fruit factor nested within the cultivar factor. This adaptation requires the sharing of each piece of fruit by several assessors. The application of this model has demonstrated the importance of within-batch variability and the consequence of model choice to obtain more relevant results. In addition, the determined model for analysis of variance has been adapted to distinguish between assessors' disagreement and scaling differences. Finally, a reduction of variability has been obtained through the sharing of fruits and after the homogenization by instrumental measurement, the latter depending on the cultivar and on the chosen measure. The results of the present work provide methodological keys to obtain reliable sensory results in the frame of the evaluation of products subject to biological variation
Thomann, Michel. "Evolution des stratégies de reproduction des plantes à fleurs face aux changements globaux et au déclin des pollinisateurs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20230.
Global change alters life conditions of numerous populations. Beyond ecological consequences, global change can also modify selection regimes in populations. While the recent pollinator decline may specifically affect the reproductive success of flowering plants, its evolutionary consequences have not been studied yet. This thesis deals with the possibility of adaptation of plant reproductive strategies under global change and more specifically under pollinator decline. This question was addressed in two steps. First, the analysis of the extensive literature on plant mating systems, and, to a lesser extent, the construction of a model for the evolution of attractive floral traits, allowed us to clarify evolutionary scenarios at short-time scales. Second, we conducted an original empirical approach, consisting in the direct comparison of ancestral and descendant populations by re-growing old and recent seeds under identical conditions. This approach allowed us to test whether genetic evolution of reproductive traits occurred in the context of pollinator decline for three annual plant species. Data from the literature indicates that pollinator decline likely increases pollen limitation and thus selection on floral traits. Moreover, the substantial genetic variation within populations suggests that rapid evolution is possible. Increased autonomous selfing or increased pollinator attraction are two possible routes of plant adaptation to pollinator decline emerging from the analysis of the literature and from our theoretical study. Our empirical work brings out two types of evolutionary trends. Firstly, earlier flowering phenology was found in all three studied species. This result shows that genetic evolution, not only phenotypic plasticity; certainly contribute to the spring phenological advancements reported for numerous species. Secondly, unlike phenological traits, floral traits evolved in opposite directions depending on the species. Showy floral traits evolved in a species while joint evolution of autonomous selfing with a reduction of floral attractiveness seemed to evolve in another species. This study shows that plant reproductive traits can evolve in a few decades. Whether or not rapid evolution of plant reproductive traits can act as an evolutionary rescue for threatened populations is a research question that arises from these results
Labarrere, Bastien. "Comment les plantes répondent et s'adaptent aux changements climatiques : étude aux marges froides (subantarctique)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B002/document.
The adaptive potential of a species can be defined as its capacity to cope with environmental change. Adaptive potential increases with phenotypic variation, from the intra-individual to the inter-population level, but factors controlling and explaining this variation still remain poorly understood.We studied four plant species from Iles Kerguelen in the sub-Antarctic region which is currently facing one of the strongest climate changes worldwide. Plant species from Iles Kerguelen are known to show high phenotypic integration (i.e. strong correlation among traits), a phenomenon that has been suggested to constrain trait variation. For these species we studied what constrains phenotypic variation, considering the external environment, the internal phenotypic integration and the associated performance costs. We found that intra-individual variation, i.e. plasticity, may be constrained by complex environmental change and the performance costs it triggers. In contrast, plasticity may be favored by high degree of phenotypic integration (Chapter 3). We found that inter-individual variation within populations may not be constrained by environmental factors, but may be favored by high phenotypic integration (Chapter 1). We found inter-population variation within regions may be constrained by restricted environmental variation (Chapter 1). Finally, we studied secondary metabolites (amines and flavonols) that connect environmental variation to phenotypic variation. We found that compositions and functions of these metabolites vary among regions, probably reflecting evolutionary differentiation among regions (Chapter 2). Patterns of variation betweenregions suggest that within species metabolites may be functionally redundant or versatile, for which to our knowledge our results are the first hint. Overall, we suggest that climate change in Kerguelen will impact plant species performance, and that the persistence of suitable wet habitats will be determinant in species capacities to cope with such changes. Furthermore, this project identified so far underestimated factors which may favor the adaptive potential of species. Particularly, we emphasize that the adaptive potential of species may increase due to (i) phenotypic integration, (contrary to common suggestion) and (ii) metabolite redundancy or versatility (only poorly studied so far). Moreover, we evidenced, partly for the first time, multiple costs and limits of plasticity and suggest that plasticity does not guarantee plant success in the new environment
Letort, Veronique. "Adaptation du modèle de croissance GreenLab aux plantes à architecture complexe et analyse multi-échelle des relations source-puits pour l'identification paramétrique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365172.
Nous avons tout d'abord identifié les conditions sous lesquelles, dans la formulation actuelle du modèle, la production photosynthétique et l'allocation de biomasse dans la plante sont indépendantes de son architecture. Nous avons établi qu'en revanche cette interaction est forte pour certains processus comme la croissance radiale. Deux types de démarches ont été abordées pour répondre au problème soulevé: (1) le développement de modèles simplifiés, avec différents niveaux d'agrégation des variables et (2) l'ajustement du modèle complet sur des cibles simplifiées. Nous avons envisagé trois niveaux de simplification du modèle selon des critères basés sur les applications visées, la faisabilité du protocole expérimental associé et le type de données classiquement collectées pour les modèles forestiers. Pour chacun de ces trois niveaux, nous avons mené une étude théorique pour relier les paramètres du modèle complet à ceux des différents modèles simplifiés de manière à avoir conservation de certaines variables-clés du modèle (notamment le rapport de la production de biomasse sur la demande de la plante). Sur cette base, nous proposons des équations simplifiées régissant le comportement de la plante à l'aide de variables agrégées.
En pratique, nous avons cependant souvent accès à certaines informations sur l'architecture de la plante, même si elles ne sont pas du niveau de détail des données issues de la simulation : ces informations peuvent provenir d'échantillonnages ou bien d'analyses botaniques préliminaires. En conséquence, nous avons étudié les méthodes permettant l'ajustement non seulement des paramètres fonctionnels de la plante mais également des paramètres contrôlant son développement topologique. Différentes méthodes sont proposées selon la version du modèle (déterministe, stochastique ou déterministe avec rétro-action de l'état trophique de la plante sur son développement) et selon la nature des données disponibles. Les applications de la thèse concernent principalement les arbres mais se sont également diversifiées à plusieurs types de plantes branchées.
Brunet, Philippe. "Etude physiologique comparée de l'adaptation au froid chez de jeunes plants de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Et Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20257.
Book chapters on the topic "Adaptation aux plantes":
Calatayud, Paul-André, Jean-Pierre Garrec, and Michel Nicole. "Chapitre 14. Adaptation des plantes aux stress environnementaux." In Interactions insectes-plantes, 229–45. IRD Éditions, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.22422.
JABBOUR, Florian, and Guilhem MANSION. "Élaboration et évolution des formes végétales." In L’explosion des formes de vie, 107–29. ISTE Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9005.ch7.