Academic literature on the topic 'Adaptation, biological'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Adaptation, biological.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Adaptation, biological"
1
Kaanders, J. H. A. M., J. Bussink, E. C. G. Troost, B. A. W. Hoeben, J. O. Barentsz, and W. J. G. Oyen. "SP-0018 BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION STRATEGIES." Radiotherapy and Oncology 103 (May 2012): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70357-2.
Full text
2
Hazel, J. R. "Thermal Adaptation in Biological Membranes: Is Homeoviscous Adaptation the Explanation?" Annual Review of Physiology 57, no. 1 (October 1995): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.000315.
Full text
3
Price, Michael E. "Entropy and Selection: Life as an Adaptation for Universe Replication." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4745379.
Full textAbstract:
Natural selection is the strongest known antientropic process in the universe when operating at the biological level and may also operate at the cosmological level. Consideration of how biological natural selection creates adaptations may illuminate the consequences and significance of cosmological natural selection. An organismal trait is more likely to constitute an adaptation if characterized by more improbable complex order, and such order is the hallmark of biological selection. If the same is true of traits created by selection in general, then the more improbably ordered something is (i.e., the lower its entropy), the more likely it is to be a biological or cosmological adaptation. By this logic, intelligent life (as the least-entropic known entity) is more likely than black holes or anything else to be an adaptation designed by cosmological natural selection. This view contrasts with Smolin’s suggestion that black holes are an adaptation designed by cosmological natural selection and that life is the by-product of selection for black holes. Selection may be the main or only ultimate antientropic process in the universe/multiverse; that is, much or all observed order may ultimately be the product or by-product of biological and cosmological selection.
4
Pilis, Karol, Anna Pilis, Krzysztof Stec, Cezary Michalski, Michał Zych, Jacek Buchta, and Wiesław Pilis. "Obesity: reversible biological adaptation or disease?" Physical Activity Review 4 (2016): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2016.04.03.
Full text
5
GOLDSTEIN, DORA B. "Ethanol-Induced Adaptation in Biological Membranes." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 492, no. 1 Alcohol and t (April 1987): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb48658.x.
Full text
6
Jordan, H., and G. R. Stoner. "Gender-Specific Adaptation of Biological Motion." Journal of Vision 4, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/4.8.231.
Full text
7
Allen, Colin, and Marc Bekoff. "Biological Function, Adaptation, and Natural Design." Philosophy of Science 62, no. 4 (December 1995): 609–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/289889.
Full text
8
Campbell, Robert A., and Mason N. Dean. "Adaptation and Evolution of Biological Materials." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 6 (July 31, 2019): 1629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz134.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Research into biological materials often centers on the impressive material properties produced in Nature. In the process, however, this research often neglects the ecologies of the materials, the organismal contexts relating to how a biological material is actually used. In biology, materials are vital to organismal interactions with their environment and their physiology, and also provide records of their phylogenetic relationships and the selective pressures that drive biological novelties. With the papers in this symposium, we provide a view on cutting-edge work in biological materials science. The collected research delivers new perspectives on fundamental materials concepts, offering surprising insights into biological innovations and challenging the boundaries of materials’ characterization techniques. The topics, systems, and disciplines covered offer a glimpse into the wide range of contemporary biological materials work. They also demonstrate the need for progressive “whole organism thinking” when characterizing biological materials, and the importance of framing biological materials research in relevant, biological contexts.
9
Gardner, Andy. "The purpose of adaptation." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20170005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0005.
Full textAbstract:
A central feature of Darwin's theory of natural selection is that it explains the purpose of biological adaptation. Here, I: emphasize the scientific importance of understanding what adaptations are for, in terms of facilitating the derivation of empirically testable predictions; discuss the population genetical basis for Darwin's theory of the purpose of adaptation, with reference to Fisher's ‘fundamental theorem of natural selection'; and show that a deeper understanding of the purpose of adaptation is achieved in the context of social evolution, with reference to inclusive fitness and superorganisms.
10
Elliott, Tomas. "‘A movie about flowers?’ Notes on the ecological turn in adaptation studies." Adaptation 17, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apae015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article takes up and responds to the recent ecological turn in adaptation studies, exploring the discipline’s widespread interest in the overlap between the notion of adaptation in evolutionary biology and the notion of adaptation in literature, film, and media studies. It argues that in order to develop a historically and ecocritically alert approach to adaptation studies, it is necessary to unpack what is at stake in using biological terms and paradigms to study adaptation in art. Firstly, it offers a survey of several studies that have explored the overlap between adaptation in nature and adaptation in culture, arguing that these have been overly influenced by the notions of neo-Darwinism that were popularized by Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene (1976). Secondly, it offers a rereading of the film that has become a primary case study among theorists who have reached for biological metaphors to explain cultural change: Adaptation (2002). It argues that whereas scholars have often tended to use Adaptation as a springboard from which to launch an exploration of the purported homology between adaptation in nature and adaptation in art, in fact, the film’s evolutionary themes are clearly historicizable, tied to a set of values coordinated around ideas of heteronormative reproductivity, dissemination, and growth. Examining those values helps to demonstrate how the film’s evolutionary themes are deployed as part of its representational strategies, thereby challenging the idea that they might be unproblematically used to describe the overlap between adaptation in biology and adaptation in art.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adaptation, biological"
1
Herndon, Nic. "Domain adaptation algorithms for biological sequence classification." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35242.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Computing and Information Sciences
Doina Caragea
The large volume of data generated in the recent years has created opportunities for discoveries in various fields. In biology, next generation sequencing technologies determine faster and cheaper the exact order of nucleotides present within a DNA or RNA fragment. This large volume of data requires the use of automated tools to extract information and generate knowledge. Machine learning classification algorithms provide an automated means to annotate data but require some of these data to be manually labeled by human experts, a process that is costly and time consuming. An alternative to labeling data is to use existing labeled data from a related domain, the source domain, if any such data is available, to train a classifier for the domain of interest, the target domain. However, the classification accuracy usually decreases for the domain of interest as the distance between the source and target domains increases. Another alternative is to label some data and complement it with abundant unlabeled data from the same domain, and train a semi-supervised classifier, although the unlabeled data can mislead such classifier. In this work another alternative is considered, domain adaptation, in which the goal is to train an accurate classifier for a domain with limited labeled data and abundant unlabeled data, the target domain, by leveraging labeled data from a related domain, the source domain. Several domain adaptation classifiers are proposed, derived from a supervised discriminative classifier (logistic regression) or a supervised generative classifier (naïve Bayes), and some of the factors that influence their accuracy are studied: features, data used from the source domain, how to incorporate the unlabeled data, and how to combine all available data. The proposed approaches were evaluated on two biological problems -- protein localization and ab initio splice site prediction. The former is motivated by the fact that predicting where a protein is localized provides an indication for its function, whereas the latter is an essential step in gene prediction.
2
Srinivasan, Karunya. "Human adaptation of avian influenza viruses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78139.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Human adaptation of avian influenza viruses pose an enormous public health challenge as the human population is predominantly naive to avian influenza antigens. As such, constant surveillance is needed to monitor the circulating avian strains. Of particular importance are strains belonging to H5N1, H7N7, H7N2 and H9N2 subtypes that continue to circulate in birds worldwide and have on occasions caused infections in humans. A key step in influenza human adaptation is the accumulation of substitutions/mutations in the viral coat glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), that changes HA's binding specificity and affinity towards glycan receptors in the upper respiratory epithelia (referred to as human receptors). Unlike for the H1, H2, H3 and more recently H5 HA a correlation between the quantitative binding of HA to human receptors and respiratory droplet transmissibility has not been established for H9 and H7 subtypes. This thesis is a systematic investigation of determinants that mediate changes in HA-glycan receptor binding specificity, with focus on the molecular environments within and surrounding the glycan receptor binding site (RBS) of avian HAs, particularly the H9 and H7 subtypes. The glycan receptor binding properties of HA were studied using a combination of biochemical and molecular biology approaches including dose dependent glycan binding, human tissue staining and structural modeling. Using these complementary analyses, it is shown that molecular interactions between amino acids in and proximal to the RBS, including interactions between the RBS and the glycan receptor converge to provide high affinity binding of avian HA to human receptors. For the H9 HA [alpha]2-->6 glycan receptor-binding affinity of a mutant carrying Thr-189-->Ala amino acid change correlated with the respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets conferred by this change. Further, it was demonstrated for the first time that two specific mutations; Gln226-->Leu and Gly228-->Ser in glycan receptor-binding site of H7 HA substantially increase its binding affinity to human receptors. These approaches and findings contribute to a framework for monitoring the evolution of HA and the development of general rules that govern human adaption applicable to strains beyond ones currently under study.
by Karunya Srinivasan.
Ph.D.
3
Snipes, Chelsie, and Richard T. Carter. "Sound transmission by the hyoid apparatus during echolocation in bats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/6.
Full textAbstract:
Sound transmission by the hyoid apparatus during echolocation in bats
Chelsie C.G. Snipes1 and Richard T. Carter1
1 East Tennessee State University, Johnson City TN, USA
The morphology of the stylohyal-tympanic bone articulation found in laryngeally echolocating bats is highly indicative of a function associated with signal production. One untested hypothesis is that this morphology allows the transfer of a sound signal from the larynx to the tympanic bones (auditory bulla) via the hyoid apparatus during signal production by the larynx. To test this hypothesis, we used µCT data, CAD editing software, and finite element analysis (FEA) to model the propagation of sound through the hyoid chain into the tympanic bones. This involved making digital segmentations from the µCT data of the tympanic bones and cartilaginous segments and converting it into a digital mesh body. Since the cartilaginous segments are not visible in CTs, we segmented the air in each gap and subsequently used a Boolean function in CAD software to fit each bony end into their respective cartilaginous segment. Further post-processing of the model included a reduction in the number of facets bodies and smoothing surfaces which allowed us to convert it into a solid body model. The solid body geometry was then uploaded into FEA software and assigned material properties for cortical bone, cartilage, and bulla. Additional biomechanical data, including Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and speed of sound through each material were defined in previous literature. We ran two FEA analysis with our model: the first was an acoustic analysis that modelled sound propagation through our material (bone and cartilage), and the second was a coupled modal and structural analysis that modelled resonant behavior and sound pressure wave propagation from the hyoid body to the tympanic bones. Our models support the hypothesis that bats use this physical connection between the larynx and auditory bulla to transfer sound (mechanical excitation). Our models show both pressure waves and vibration due to resonance could be used to transfer this signal and this resonance behavior can be modulated by restraining the hyoid apparatus, perhaps through muscle contraction. We propose that by modulating the resonant behavior of the hyoid apparatus, bats can selectively filter which frequencies of sound are transferred from the larynx to the auditory bulla during echolocation signal production.
4
Clarke, Sean Aidan. "Hypermutation and adaptation of experimentally evolved marine Vibrio bacteria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81665.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83).
Environmental bacteria display tremendous genetic diversity, but we are still learning how this diversity arises and relates to their wide range of habitats. Investigating how bacteria adapt helps us understand their contributions to environmental processes and informs forward engineering of bacteria for industrial applications. Experimental evolution is a powerful approach, with microbes especially, but it has mostly been applied to model organisms and metabolic functions. In the work here, we investigated the possibility, degree, and variability of adaptation of an environmental Vibrio strain by applying a little-used selection method appropriate to a relevant condition, salinity. We successfully isolated mutants with higher salt tolerance by selecting on salt gradient plates. Resequencing the genomes of the evolved strains revealed unprecedented hypermutation in three of nine parallel lineages. These mutator lines arose independently, and each of them accumulated more than 1500 single-base mutations. By comparison, there are only 302 single-base differences between the ancestor strain and another strain isolated in the wild. Hypermutation was associated with a deletion resulting from improper prophage excision. Members of this family of prophages are found in other proteobacteria, including well-studied human pathogens, from very different environments. Mutators are known to arise spontaneously in wild and clinical bacteria, but the extent of their adaptive contribution is unknown. We have preliminary evidence that this mechanism of evolution could be relevant in the environment, where horizontal gene transfer and mobile elements play known, significant roles in bacterial evolution.
by Sean Aidan Clarke.
Ph.D.
5
Poole, L. F. "Psychological and biological determinants of emotional adaptation and recovery after cardiac surgery." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1384788/.
Full textAbstract:
How and why depression confers greater risk of impaired adaptation following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is not well understood. This PhD aimed to address these issues by: developing and piloting a longitudinal study (the ARCS study) in order to track the recovery of patients undergoing CABG surgery; and conducting an extended version of the ARCS study on which to test the association between pre-operative depression and post-operative recovery and the underlying social-behavioural, cognitive and biological pathways. Outcomes were studied in the early and short term, namely three to five days (216 participants) and two months (154 participants) following surgery. The results indicated that greater pre-operative depression symptoms were predictive of poorer recovery, including longer in-hospital stays, greater emotional distress, physical symptoms and pain in the early term, and greater emotional distress, physical symptoms and pain and impaired health status in the short term, independent of demographic and disease severity factors (all p <0.05). Some associations were limited to subtypes of depression symptoms. Specifically, somatic/affective, but not total or cognitive/affective, depression symptoms were predictive of short-term outcomes. Mediators of the depression-recovery relationship were tested. Social support and behavioural factors were not shown to be mediators, but instead physical activity, body mass index and smoking status all had independent effects on recovery. Cognitive mediation was shown, with greater pre-operative negative illness perceptions mediating the relationship between pre-operative depression symptoms and post-operative anxiety and physical symptoms in the early term, and affective pain and physical symptoms in the short term. Biological mediation was not shown: although depression symptoms were related to neuroendocrine and inflammatory patterns suggestive of poorer physical functioning, these patterns did not consistently relate to recovery. Further work is needed to translate these findings into new ways to approach the measurement, diagnosis and treatment of depressed cardiac surgery patients.
6
Welsh, David T. "The role of compatible solutes in the adaptation and survival of Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339281.
Full text
7
COPPOLECCHIA, DAMIANO. "MICROBIAL INDICATORS OF ADAPTATION IN A ZINC CONTAMINATED SOIL." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/975.
Full textAbstract:
Scopo di questa tesi è stato di valutare se le attività biologiche possono essere utilizzate come indicatori di adattamento microbico. Le prove condotte sinora in letteratura si sono concentrate unicamente sull’attività di nitrificazione. Pertanto si è voluto valutare se altre attività biologiche possono essere utilizzate come indicatori d’adattamento. Allo scopo si è prima valutata la sensibilità di alcune importanti proprietà biologiche del suolo (nitrification, fluorescein diacetate (FDA)) e
attività enzimatiche (urease, nitrate reductase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-galactosidase,
phenol-oxidase and dehydrogenase) allo Zn mediante l’impiego di test ecotossicologici
Per le attività più sensibili sono state condotte delle prove di adattamento secondo il protocollo di Rusk. Questo esclude le interferenze dovuto all’ aging.
Questo protocollo è basato sul reinoculo di un suolo sterile (contaminato con concentrazioni crescenti di Zn) con sottocampioni di suolo che sono stati precedentemente incubati per un periodo di 4 mesi con e senza Zn
Il confronto tra i valori di EC50 delle attività biologiche dei suoli reinoculati ci ha permesso di dimostrare un significativo recupero della β-galactosidase, mentre per il nitrate reductase e la nitrificazione potenziale è stato trovato un chiaro e significativo shift delle curve di dose e risposta, anche se con parziale sovrapposizione del range dell’EC50 stimato.The purpose of this thesis was to assess whether the biological activities can be used as indicators of the microbial adaptation. The tests conducted so far in the literature have focused only nitrification activity. Therefore we wanted to assess whether other biological activities can be used as indicators of adaptation. To do this you first evaluated the sensitivity of some important biological properties of the soil (nitrification, fluorescein diacetate (FDA)) and enzymatic activities (urease, nitrate reductase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-galactosidase, phenol-oxidase and dehydrogenase) Zn through the use of toxicological test. Then the activities most sensitive were tests to evaluate to adapt according to the protocol by Rusk This method to exclude interferences to two chemical aging in soil, This protocol is based on the reinoculation of sterilized soil (contaminated with increasing Zn concentrations) with sub-samples of soil which have been incubated for 4 months with or without Zn. The comparison between the EC50 of the biological properties of reinoculated soils allow us to demonstrate a significant restoration was found for β-galactosidase, while for nitrate reductase and potential nitrification there was a clear and significant shift of dose response curves but with partial overlap of the EC50 ranges estimation.
8
COPPOLECCHIA, DAMIANO. "MICROBIAL INDICATORS OF ADAPTATION IN A ZINC CONTAMINATED SOIL." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/975.
Full textAbstract:
Scopo di questa tesi è stato di valutare se le attività biologiche possono essere utilizzate come indicatori di adattamento microbico. Le prove condotte sinora in letteratura si sono concentrate unicamente sull’attività di nitrificazione. Pertanto si è voluto valutare se altre attività biologiche possono essere utilizzate come indicatori d’adattamento. Allo scopo si è prima valutata la sensibilità di alcune importanti proprietà biologiche del suolo (nitrification, fluorescein diacetate (FDA)) e
attività enzimatiche (urease, nitrate reductase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-galactosidase,
phenol-oxidase and dehydrogenase) allo Zn mediante l’impiego di test ecotossicologici
Per le attività più sensibili sono state condotte delle prove di adattamento secondo il protocollo di Rusk. Questo esclude le interferenze dovuto all’ aging.
Questo protocollo è basato sul reinoculo di un suolo sterile (contaminato con concentrazioni crescenti di Zn) con sottocampioni di suolo che sono stati precedentemente incubati per un periodo di 4 mesi con e senza Zn
Il confronto tra i valori di EC50 delle attività biologiche dei suoli reinoculati ci ha permesso di dimostrare un significativo recupero della β-galactosidase, mentre per il nitrate reductase e la nitrificazione potenziale è stato trovato un chiaro e significativo shift delle curve di dose e risposta, anche se con parziale sovrapposizione del range dell’EC50 stimato.The purpose of this thesis was to assess whether the biological activities can be used as indicators of the microbial adaptation. The tests conducted so far in the literature have focused only nitrification activity. Therefore we wanted to assess whether other biological activities can be used as indicators of adaptation. To do this you first evaluated the sensitivity of some important biological properties of the soil (nitrification, fluorescein diacetate (FDA)) and enzymatic activities (urease, nitrate reductase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-galactosidase, phenol-oxidase and dehydrogenase) Zn through the use of toxicological test. Then the activities most sensitive were tests to evaluate to adapt according to the protocol by Rusk This method to exclude interferences to two chemical aging in soil, This protocol is based on the reinoculation of sterilized soil (contaminated with increasing Zn concentrations) with sub-samples of soil which have been incubated for 4 months with or without Zn. The comparison between the EC50 of the biological properties of reinoculated soils allow us to demonstrate a significant restoration was found for β-galactosidase, while for nitrate reductase and potential nitrification there was a clear and significant shift of dose response curves but with partial overlap of the EC50 ranges estimation.
9
Fletcher, David. "Biological invasion risk assessment, considering adaptation at multiple scales : the case of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG029/document.
Full textAbstract:
Afin de quantifier les risques d’invasion chez le goujon Asiatique Pseudorasbora parva, un petit cyprinidae d’eau douce, j’ai tout d’abord testé une approche corrélative de modélisation de la niche climatique dans laquelle j’ai intégré un proxy relatif à la probabilité d’introduction. Cette approche s’appuie sur des assomptions relatives à l’adaptation des organismes aux conditions environnementales locales ou régionales. J’ai ensuite comparé la niche climatique mesurée de deux lignées génétiques majeures à la fois dans les aires natives et envahies. Puis dans un second temps, par une approche expérimentale j’ai comparé la réponse aux variations de température, des traits d’histoire de vie de populations vivant dans des zones climatiques contrastées. Finalement, je me suis intéressé à la dispersion des goujons Asiatiques afin de mieux comprendre si les populations situées sur les fronts d’invasions avaient des capacités de colonisation plus importante. J’ai donc quantifié et comparé le long d’un gradient d’invasion, le potentiel de dispersion des individus ainsi que des traits pouvant y être liés (activité et morphologie). L’étude des risques d’invasions a montré que de nombreuses zones – au delà des zones déjà envahies - étaient climatiquement favorables au goujon Asiatique. C’était le cas en particulier pour certaines zones comme l’Australie, l’Amérique du Sud et du Nord, indiquant que l’invasion de cette espèce pourrait encore s’étendre. Après avoir pris en compte les probabilités d’introduction, cette étude a montré que l’Amérique du Nord était la zone la plus à risques. Par contre, la niche climatique entre les différentes lignées dans les zones géographiques envahies est très similaire, ce qui laisse à penser qu’il n’y a pas de patrons d’adaptation locale chez cette espèce. Pour autant, la niche climatique observée dans la zone envahie est très différente de celle observée dans la zone native, ce qui suggère un shift climatique important au cours de l’invasion. Les réponses thermiques des traits d’histoire de vie du goujon Asiatique testés expérimentalement n’ont pas varié significativement entre les populations originaires de conditions climatiques continentales et maritime-tempérées. Par exemple, l’effort reproductif global des femelles n’a pas varié entre les températures testées (15-25°C) mais la stratégie temporelle de reproduction a beaucoup varié. L’effort reproductif était plus cours et plus intense à forte température, alors qu’il était plus étalé et avec des pics reproductifs moins forts à faible température. Pour ailleurs, il semble qu’il existe un gradient morphologique fort entre les populations situées à différentes distances du front d’invasion ce qui suggère une forte plasticité morphologique mais qui ne serait pas liée à la capacité de dispersion de ces populations. En effet, cette dernière ne variant pas significativement le long du gradient d’invasion. La capacité de dispersion serait principalement liée à la taille du corps de goujon Asiatique, les individus les plus grands ayant une probabilité plus élevée de disperser.Bien que les prédictions générales du modèle de niche puissent être affectées par de potentielles adaptations à l’échelle de la population ou de la lignée évolutive, les résultats suggèrent qu’une certaine incertitude liée à ces prédictions persiste puisque la distribution native ne prédisait que très mal la distribution actuelle dans les zones envahies. Par ailleurs, mes travaux expérimentaux à plus fine échelle suggèrent que cette espèce est extrêmement adaptable et tolère une large gamme environnementale, ce qui pourrait expliquer son caractère invasif. Les connaissances produites au cours de cette thèse constituent donc des ressources extrêmement pertinentes pour développer des stratégies de gestion visant à contrôler les invasions futures du goujon AsiatiqueIn this thesis I set out to quantify the risk of invasion from the invasive freshwater fish, Pseudorasbora parva, at a global extent, using traditional correlative ecological niche modelling approaches with the integration of surrogate data representing introduction likelihood (Chapter I). These correlative approaches rely upon key assumptions relating to the presence or absence of local or regional adaptations, and so I subsequently tested for evidence of such adaptations in genetic lineages and in individual populations. This was achieved through analyzing climatic niche differentiation of key genetic lineages in the native and invasive ranges (Chapter II) and by conducting lab experiments comparing thermal responses of important life history traits in populations from contrasting climates (Chapter III). The initial risk assessment did not account for a key factor in invasions; namely, natural dispersal. Natural dispersal has been observed to be subject to selection in vanguard populations of invasive species, and adaptation of dispersal traits can infer additional invasive vigor, allowing the species to spread across the landscape quicker. For this reason, I quantified dispersal, activity and morphological differences, often associated with differential dispersal ability, in populations along a distance-gradient from an invasion front, in order to identify if P. parva is capable of such adaptations.The initial risk mapping study showed that large areas, beyond the current distribution of the species, are climatically suitable. These areas are mainly in North and South America, Australia and New Zealand, and constitute significant scope for spread and impact of this species. When introduction likelihood was included, N. America appears most at risk. I found no evidence to suggest that native genetic lineages represented local adaptations to their respective native climates - there was little or no differentiation of the lineages’ climatic niches in the invasive range. It was also apparent, from the niche comparisons, that the climatic niche in the invaded range constituted a significant shift, compared to the native range. The thermal responses of P. parva life history traits did not differ significantly between populations from a strongly seasonal continental climate and a mild temperate maritime climate. The overall reproductive output of females did not vary according to breeding season temperature, however, temporal reproductive strategy showed a strong response, with lower temperatures inducing a protracted breeding season and higher temperatures inducing rapid and intense reproductive output. The dispersal and morphology-related study identified a strong gradient of morphological change, corresponding with distance from invasion front. This demonstrates a high degree of plasticity in P. parva’s morphology in an invasion context, however this was not linked to either dispersal or activity levels, neither of which was significantly linked to distance from invasion front. Dispersal was best explained by body size, with larger fish more likely to disperse further.Whilst I found no evidence to suggest that the model predictions (Chapter I) were hampered by differentiation at either lineage or population levels, the findings of Chapter II do highlight the uncertainties surrounding the degree of conservatism in such predictions, mainly owing to the fact that past, native, distribution did not accurately predict the current invaded distribution. The results of Chapters II-IV show broad tolerances and great plasticity in P. parva, which likely underpin this species success as a pan-continental invader. The knowledge produced in this thesis provides a useful new resource for the development of management strategies for P. parva and could be usefully enhanced by the additional of analogous studies on native populations, which could help elucidate the source of the observed plasticity
10
Clarke, Gregory Stephen. "The Evolution of Competitive Ability Across a Biological Invasion: A Study of Cane Toads in Tropical Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21083.
Full textAbstract:
Invasive species must adapt to a suite of novel selective pressures as they colonise new territory. For example, theory predicts that selective forces at an invasion front will favour traits that enhance rates of dispersal and population growth, whereas selective forces in the range-core will favour traits that enhance competitive ability. To explore this idea, I conducted competition trials on three life stages of the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) from invasion-front and range-core populations in tropical Australia. For larval and early terrestrial-stage animals, I conducted experiments whereby the offspring of invasion-front and range-core adults were placed into mesocosms to compete for limited resources. To enable such experiments, I developed a simple method to mark each cohort of tadpoles, with minimal observed effects on growth or survival. Range-core larvae proved to be better competitors than invasion-front larvae, as predicted by evolutionary theory. Contrary to expectations, invasion-front metamorphs outcompeted range-core metamorphs, growing larger and winning more food. For adults, I focused on the trade-off between rapid dispersal versus success in male-male rivalry. Longer arms reduced the force required to displace an amplecting male from a female. When competing for a female, males with longer arms had lower likelihoods of retaining amplexus. I also explored how visual and acoustic cues influence the behaviour of sexually active males. Male toads used the presence of a chorus to increase their activity levels and as a cue to initiate amplexus. Males also used movement to identify potential mates, with increased rates of amplexus when a target was moving. My thesis presents empirical evidence that the evolutionary forces unleashed by a biological invasion can modify traits important in intraspecific competition at each life stage. My results are relevant to evolutionary theory and are directly translatable into proposed management strategies.
Books on the topic "Adaptation, biological"
2
Bryant, Christopher. Biochemical adaptation in parasites. London: Chapman and Hall, 1989.
Find full text
3
Fleagle, John G. Primate adaptation and evolution. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1999.
Find full text
4
Sohail, Siddiqui Khawar, and Thomas Torsten, eds. Protein adaptation in extremophiles. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2008.
Find full text
5
1955-, Rose Michael R., and Lauder George V, eds. Adaptation. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.
Find full text
6
1945-, Bijlsma R., and Loeschcke V. 1950-, eds. Environmental stress, adaptation, and evolution. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1997.
Find full text
7
Hadley, Neil F. The adaptive role of lipidsin biological systems. New York: Wiley, 1985.
Find full text
8
Seminario sulla evoluzione biologica e i grandi problemi della biologia (29th 2002 Rome, Italy). XXIX Seminario sulla evoluzione biologica e i grandi problemi della biologia: Fenomeni di auto-organizzazione nei sistemi biologici : (Roma, 20-22 febbraio 2002). Roma: Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 2003.
Find full text
9
Tulsawani, Rajkumar, and Divya Vohora, eds. Adaptation under Stressful Environments through Biological Adjustments and Interventions. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7652-2.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Adaptation, biological"
1
Volkenstein, Mikhail V. "Adaptation." In Physical Approaches to Biological Evolution, 105–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78788-1_4.
Full text
2
Kimura, Motoo. "On Natural Selection and Adaptation." In My Thoughts on Biological Evolution, 65–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6165-8_5.
Full text
3
Lorenzo, Oswaldo, Peter Kawalek, Gastón González, and Boumediene Ramdani. "Biological evolution: Osmosis, growth and adaptation." In The Long Conversation, 34–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230337190_3.
Full text
4
Venkatesan, T., and S. K. Jalali. "Trichogrammatids: Adaptation to Stresses." In Biological Control of Insect Pests Using Egg Parasitoids, 105–25. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1181-5_6.
Full text
5
Bovet, P., and S. Benhamou. "Adaptation and Orientation in Animals’ Movements: Random Walk, Kinesis, Taxis and Path-Integration." In Biological Motion, 297–304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51664-1_21.
Full text
6
Brause, Rüdiger W. "Model Selection and Adaptation for Biochemical Pathways." In Biological and Medical Data Analysis, 439–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30547-7_44.
Full text
7
Brooks-Gunn, J. "Pubertal Processes and Girls' Psychological Adaptation." In Biological-Psychosocial Interactions in Early Adolescence, 123–53. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003217992-8.
Full text
8
Carter, T. E., T. Hymowitz, and R. L. Nelson. "Biogeography, Local Adaptation, Vavilov, and Genetic Diversity in Soybean." In Biological Resources and Migration, 47–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06083-4_5.
Full text
9
Hill, John P., and Grayson N. Holmbeck. "Familial Adaptation to Biological Change during Adolescence." In Biological-Psychosocial Interactions in Early Adolescence, 207–23. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003217992-12.
Full text
10
Hofacker, G. L., B. Borstnik, and M. Schöniger. "Evolutionary Adaptation to a Real and an Artificial World." In Biological and Artificial Intelligence Systems, 229–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3117-6_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Adaptation, biological"
1
Grave, Ileana, and Yu Tang. "Adaptation in biological networks." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Control Science and Systems Engineering (CCSSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccsse.2014.7224538.
Full text
2
DE BOER, BART. "BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO CULTURAL TRAITS." In EVOLANG 10. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814603638_0073.
Full text
3
Shimoda, Shingo. "Adaptation? Learning? Features of biological learning." In 2012 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2012.6492479.
Full text
4
"Naïve Bayes Domain Adaptation for Biological Sequences." In International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004245500620070.
Full text
5
Rajagopal, Dheeraj, Nidhi Vyas, Aditya Siddhant, Anirudha Rayasam, Niket Tandon, and Eduard Hovy. "Domain Adaptation of SRL Systems for Biological Processes." In Proceedings of the 18th BioNLP Workshop and Shared Task. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-5009.
Full text
6
Скорейко, А., Татьяна Андрийчук, and Р. Билык. "Влияние биопрепаратов на приживаемость и продуктивность растений in vitro." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.58.
Full textAbstract:
The results of studies of the influence of biologicals on the process of adaptation of microclonal potato plants to in vivo conditions in greenhouse and field conditions are presented. Treatment of plant material with biological products Planriz and PhytoDoctor promotes the adaptation of in vitro potato plants to in vivo conditions, increases the survival rate of up to 97,8% of potato seedlings and increases the yield of mini-tubers.
7
"Impacts of Climate Change on Fish Biological Integrity within the Saginaw Bay Watershed." In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152092860.
Full text
8
Tsivka, K., Aleksandr Popov, M. Hafez, M. Rashad, and Natalya Kovaleva. "MAIN WAYS TO OPTIMIZE THE CULTIVATED PLANT PRODUCTIVITY ON LAND LIABLE TO DEGRADATION." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1684.978-5-317-06490-7/96-100.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this publication was to describe the main ways to optimize the productive process of cultivated plants on land subject to degradation. There are three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Biological correction is new way to optimize the production process of crops, which is a set of methods of directive effect on plant biology. The key points and essence of biological correction are considered. One of the most effective and economically justified methods of biological correction of plant productivity is non-root treatment of crops by humic substances (HSs) solutions, especially those containing essential macro-and microelements. Such treatments can reduce the negative effects of projected global climate change (excessive UV-B radiation, drought, etc.) on agricultural plants. As confirmation, the results of a field experiment conducted in the arid territory of Egypt are presented. Means of biological correction, such as: Azospirillum sp., vermicompost and HSs solutions (without and with trace elements) were very effective, they increased (more than 2.5 times!) the yield of wheat grain. Thus, to obtain a consistently high crop yield on land subject to degradation, especially in changing climatic conditions, it is necessary to apply three kinds of correction: physical, chemical and biological. Both physical correction and chemical one create the necessary conditions for the growth and development of plants, and biological correction "forces" plants to show their reserve functions, contributing to an additional increase in crop yield.
9
"Bacterial Strains for Morpholine Degradation: An adaptation and screening strategy." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0715072.
Full text
10
Kostadimas, Dimitris, Kalliopi Kastampolidou, and Theodore Andronikos. "Correlation of biological and computer viruses through evolutionary game theory." In 2021 16th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation & Personalization (SMAP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smap53521.2021.9610778.
Full textReports on the topic "Adaptation, biological"
1
Glazer, Itamar, Randy Gaugler, Yitzhak Spiegel, and Edwin Lewis. Host Adaptation in Entomopathogenic Nematodes: An Approach to Enhancing Biological Control Potential. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613023.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The overall objective of our research was to develop methods to match species of entomopathogenic nematodes against the insect pests which they would be best adapted to control. The underlying hypothesis for this work was that entomopathogenic nematodes should be most effective when used against insect species to which they are naturally adapted to parasitize. Toward this end, we undertook a number of related studies focusing primarily on nematode foraging strategies. We found that foraging strategies affected host associations directly and indirectly. Nematodes' responses to host cues, and the role of their sensory organs based on lectin binding, led to new approaches to determining host range for these parasites. Based on this work, we developed a laboratory bioassay of host recognition behavior designed to predict field results. We also determined that nematodes that forage in a stationary manner (ambushers) have a slower metabolic rate than do active forgers (cruisers), thus their infective stage juveniles are longer lived. This study helps predict the duration of field activity after application and may partially explain field distributions of natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes. The common thread linking all of these studies was that they led to a deeper understanding of the associations between entomopathogenic nematodes and insects as hosts.
2
Fleishman, Erica. Sixth Oregon climate assessment. Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Oregon State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1161.
Full textAbstract:
Consistent with its charge under Oregon House Bill 3543, the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute (OCCRI) conducts a biennial assessment of the state of climate change science, including biological, physical, and social science, as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on Oregon. This sixth Oregon Climate Assessment builds on the previous assessments by continuing to evaluate past and projected future changes in Oregon’s climate and water supply. Like the fifth assessment, it is structured with the goal of supporting the state’s mitigation planning for natural hazards and implementation of the 2021 Oregon Climate Change Adaptation Framework.
3
Dalton, Meghan M., and Erica Fleishman. Fifth Oregon climate assessment. Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Oregon State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1160.
Full textAbstract:
Consistent with its charge under Oregon House Bill 3543, the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute (OCCRI) conducts a biennial assessment of the state of climate change science, including biological, physical, and social science, as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on Oregon. This fifth Oregon Climate Assessment builds on previous assessments (Dello and Mote 2010; Dalton et al. 2013, 2017; Mote et al. 2019) by continuing to evaluate past and projected future changes in Oregon’s climate and hydrology. This Assessment is structured with the goal of serving as a resource for the state’s mitigation planning for natural hazards and implementation of the 2021 Oregon Climate Change Adaptation Framework.
4
Chen, Junping, Zach Adam, and Arie Admon. The Role of FtsH11 Protease in Chloroplast Biogenesis and Maintenance at Elevated Temperatures in Model and Crop Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699845.bard.
Full textAbstract:
specific objectives of this proposal were to: 1) determine the location, topology, and oligomerization of FtsH11 protease; 2) identify the substrate/s of FtsH11 and the downstream components involved in maintaining thermostability of chloroplasts; 3) identify new elements involved in FtsH11 protease regulatory network related to HT adaptation processes in chloroplast; 4) Study the role of FtsH11 homologs from crop species in HT tolerance. Background to the topic: HT-tolerant varieties that maintain high photosynthetic efficiency at HT, and cope better with daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations are in great need to alleviate the effect of global warming on food production. Photosynthesis is a very complex process requiring accurate coordination of many complex systems and constant adjustments to the changing environments. Proteolytic activities mediated by various proteases in chloroplast are essential part of this process and critical for maintaining normal chloroplast functions under HT. However, little is known about mechanisms that contribute to adaptation of photosynthetic processes to HT. Our study has shown that a chloroplast-targeted Arabidopsis FtsH11 protease plays an essential and specific role in maintaining thermostability of thylakoids and normal photosynthesis at moderate HT. We hypothesized that FtsH11 homologs recently identified in other plant species might have roles similarly to that of AtFtsH1. Thus, dissecting the underlying mechanisms of FtsH11 in the adaptation mechanisms in chloroplasts to HT stress and other elements involved will aid our effort to produce more agricultural products in less favorable environments. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements - Identified the chloroplast inner envelope membrane localization of FtsH11. - Revealed a specific association of FtsH11 with the a and b subunits of CPN60. - Identified the involvement of ARC6, a protein coordinates chloroplast division machineries in plants, in FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation process in chloroplast. -Reveal possible association of a polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase (cpPNPase), coded by At3G03710, with FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation process in chloroplast. - Mapped 4 additional loci in FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation network in chloroplast. - Demonstrated importance of the proteolytic activity of FtsH11 for thermotolerance, in addition to the ATPase activity. - Demonstrated a conserved role of plant FtsH11 proteases in chloroplast biogenesis and in maintaining structural and functional thermostability of chloroplast at elevated temperatures. Implications, both scientific and agricultural:Three different components interacting with FtsH11 were identified during the course of this study. At present, it is not known whether these proteins are directly involved in FtsH11mediated thermotolerance network in chloroplast and/or how these elements are interrelated. Studies aiming to connect the dot among biological functions of these networks are underway in both labs. Nevertheless, in bacteria where it was first studied, FtsH functions in heat shock response by regulating transcription level of σ32, a heat chock factor regulates HSPsexpression. FtsH also involves in control of biosynthesis of membrane components and quality control of membrane proteins etc. In plants, both Arc 6 and CPN60 identified in this study are essential in chloroplast division and developments as mutation of either one impairs chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. The facts that we have found the specific association of both α and β CPN60 with FtsH11 protein biochemically, the suppression/ enhancement of ftsh11 thermosensitive phenotype by arc6 /pnp allele genetically, implicate inter-connection of these networks via FtsH11 mediated network(s) in regulating the dynamic adaptation processes of chloroplast to temperature increases at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The conserved role of FtsH11 proteases in maintaining thermostability of chloroplast at HT demonstrated here provides a foundation for improving crop photosynthetic performance at high temperatures.
5
Chiel, Elad, and Christopher J. Geden. Development of sustainable fly management tools in an era of global warming. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598161.bard.
Full textAbstract:
House flies (Muscadomestica) are global pests of animal agriculture, causing major annoyance, carrying pathogens among production facilities and humans and thus have profound impacts on animal comfort and productivity. Successful fly control requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes elements of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of house flies has become increasingly difficult due to the rapidity with which resistance develops, even to new active ingredients. Global climate change poses additional challenges, as the efficacy of natural enemies is uncertain under the higher temperatures that are predicted to become more commonplace in the future. The two major objectives of this research project were: 1) to develop a cost-effective autodissemination application method of Pyriproxifen (PPF), an insect growth regulator, for controlling house flies; 2) to study the effect of increasing temperatures on the interactions between house flies and their principal natural enemies. First, we collected several wild house fly populations in both countries and established that most of them are susceptible to PPF, although one population in each country showed initial signs of PPF-resistance. An important finding is that the efficacy of PPF is substantially reduced when applied in cows’ manure. We also found that PPF is compatible with several common species of parasitoids that attack the house fly, thus PPF can be used in IPM programs. Next, we tried to develop “baited stations” in which house flies will collect PPF on their bodies and then deliver and deposit it in their oviposition sites (= autodissemination). The concept showed potential in lab experiments and in outdoor cages trials, but under field conditions the station models we tested were not effective enough. We thus tested a somewhat different approach – to actively release a small proportion of PPF-treated flies. This approach showed positive results in laboratory experiments and awaits further field experiments. On the second topic, we performed two experimental sets: 1) we collected house flies and their parasitoids from hot temperature and mild temperature areas in both countries and, by measuring some fitness parameters we tested whether the ones collected from hot areas are better adapted to BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 2 of 16 heat. The results showed very little differences between the populations, both of flies and parasitoids. 2) A “fast evolution” experiment, in which we reared house flies for 20 generations under increasing temperatures. Also here, we found no evidence for heat adaptation. In summary, pyriproxyfen proved to be a highly effective insect growth regulator for house flies that is compatible with it’s natural enemies. Although our autodissemination stations yielded disappointing results, we documented the proportion of flies in a population that must be exposed to PPF to achieve effective fly control. Both the flies and their principal parasitoids show no evidence for local adaptation to high temperatures. This is an encouraging finding for biological control, as our hypothesis was that the fly would be adapting faster to high temperatures than the parasitoids. BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 3 of 16
6
Bartolino, Valerio, Birgit Koehler, and Lena Bergström, eds. Climate effects on fish in Sweden : Species-Climate Information Sheets for 32 key taxa in marine and coastal waters. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4lmlt1tq5j.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this publication is to summarize the state of knowledge on the effects of environmental variability and climate change for individual species and stocks based on literature review, giving species-climate information for 32 key taxa in Swedish marine and coastal waters. The report is written in English. The extent and scale of recent changes in climate due to global warming is unprecedented and causes increasing effects on ecosystems. In oceans, ongoing warming leads to, for example, increased water temperatures, decreased ice cover and effects on hydrology and water circulation patterns that can in turn influence salinity. The environmental alterations affect species distribution, biology, and hence also the delivery of marine ecosystem services and human well-being. The results of this review on the effects of environmental variability and climate change on marine taxa are presented as species-climate information sheets designed in a user-friendly format aimed to enhance accessibility for professionals spanning different fields and roles, including e.g. scientific experts, NGOs affiliates and managers. The species-climate information sheets presented here cover 32 key taxa selected among the economically and ecologically most important coastal and marine fish and crustacean species in Swedish waters. The species-wise evaluations show that climate change leads to a wide range of effects on fish, reflecting variations in their biology and physiological tolerances. The review also highlights important data and knowledge gaps for each species and life stage. Despite the high variability and prevailing uncertainties, some general patterns appeared. On a general level, most fish species in Swedish marine and coastal waters are not expected to benefit from climate change, and many risks are identified to their potential for recruitment, growth and development. Boreal, marine and cold-adapted species would be disadvantaged at Swedish latitudes. However, fish of freshwater origin adapted to warmer temperature regimes could benefit to some extent in the Baltic Sea under a warming climate. Freshwater fish could also be benefitted under further decreasing salinity in the surface water in the Baltic Sea. The resulting effects on species will not only depend on the physiological responses, but also on how the feeding conditions for fish, prey availability, the quality of essential fish habitats and many other factors will develop. A wide range of ecological factors decisive for the development of fish communities are also affected by climate change but have not been explored here, where we focused on the direct effects of warming. The sensitivity and resilience of the fish species to climate change will also depend on their present and future health and biological status. Populations exposed to prolonged and intense fishing exploitation, or affected by environmental deterioration will most likely have a lower capacity to cope with climate change effects over time. For both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, it is important to ensure continued work to update and improve the species-climate information sheets as results from new research become available. It can also be expected that new important and relevant biological information and improved climate scenarios will emerge continuously. Continued work is therefore important to update and refine the species-climate information sheets, help filling in currently identified knowledge gaps, and extend to other species not included here. Moreover, there is need to integrate this type of species-level information into analyses of the effects of climate change at the level of communities and ecosystems to support timely mitigation and adaptation responses to the challenges of the climate change.
7
Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer, and Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.
Full textAbstract:
The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.
8
Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
9
Introduction Success of Less Common Species from the Genus Berberis L. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3641.
Full textAbstract:
The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.