Relevant bibliographies by topics / Adaptation (Biology)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Adaptation (Biology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Adaptation (Biology)"

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Khammash, Mustafa H. "Perfect adaptation in biology." Cell Systems 12, no. 6 (June 2021): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2021.05.020.

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Shankar, Prabhat, Masatoshi Nishikawa, and Tatsuo Shibata. "2P273 Gain Noise Relation in Adaptation Networks(24. Mathematical biology,Poster)." Seibutsu Butsuri 53, supplement1-2 (2013): S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.53.s204_2.

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HARDIE, W. JAMES (JIM). "Grapevine biology and adaptation to viticulture." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 6, no. 2 (July 2000): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00165.x.

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Billeter, R., A. Puntschart, M. Vogt, M. Wittwer, E. Wey, K. Jostarndt, and H. Hoppeler. "Molecular Biology of Human Muscle Adaptation." International Journal of Sports Medicine 18, S 4 (October 1997): S300—S301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-972734.

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Elliott, Tomas. "‘A movie about flowers?’ Notes on the ecological turn in adaptation studies." Adaptation 17, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apae015.

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Abstract This article takes up and responds to the recent ecological turn in adaptation studies, exploring the discipline’s widespread interest in the overlap between the notion of adaptation in evolutionary biology and the notion of adaptation in literature, film, and media studies. It argues that in order to develop a historically and ecocritically alert approach to adaptation studies, it is necessary to unpack what is at stake in using biological terms and paradigms to study adaptation in art. Firstly, it offers a survey of several studies that have explored the overlap between adaptation in nature and adaptation in culture, arguing that these have been overly influenced by the notions of neo-Darwinism that were popularized by Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene (1976). Secondly, it offers a rereading of the film that has become a primary case study among theorists who have reached for biological metaphors to explain cultural change: Adaptation (2002). It argues that whereas scholars have often tended to use Adaptation as a springboard from which to launch an exploration of the purported homology between adaptation in nature and adaptation in art, in fact, the film’s evolutionary themes are clearly historicizable, tied to a set of values coordinated around ideas of heteronormative reproductivity, dissemination, and growth. Examining those values helps to demonstrate how the film’s evolutionary themes are deployed as part of its representational strategies, thereby challenging the idea that they might be unproblematically used to describe the overlap between adaptation in biology and adaptation in art.
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Baitubayеv, D. G. "Biology of increased tolerance and validation of the psychoactive substance dependence." Addiction Research and Adolescent Behaviour 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2688-7517/029.

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The article shows that the current level of physiology does not disclose the biological mechanisms of the organism transition from one range to adapt to a higher with an increase in the regular forces of the stimulus above sub-extreme. A new trend in the physiology of adaptation - proqredient adaptation, explains the mechanism of increasing the tolerance of the organism, with dependence on psychoactive substances (PAS ). It is scientifically proved, that dependences of the organism on PAS are the states of progredient adaptation.
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Atıcı, Tahir, and Ümit Yaşatürk Midilli. "Adaptation of Biology Attitude Questionnaire to Turkish." Hellenic Journal of STEM Education 1, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51724/hjstemed.v1i2.2.

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The aim of this study was to adapt ‘Biology Attitude Questionnaire’ (Prokop, Tuncer, & Chudá, 2007) into Turkish. Participants were 242 high school students from Ankara, Turkey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to determine the structural validity of the six dimensional scale. As a result, the final structure of the scale was found to be consisting of three factors and 22 items. The Alpha coefficients of the three factors were found to be 0.882 for the first factor- importance of biology, 0.854 for the second factor- progress of biology lessons and 0.828 for the third factor- interest toward biology.
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Clapp, Emma. "Genetics and molecular biology of muscle adaptation." Journal of Sports Sciences 25, no. 14 (December 2007): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410701282397.

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GITTENBERGER, E. "Radiation and adaptation, evolutionary biology and semantics." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 4, no. 3 (September 2004): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2004.04.002.

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Nasib ur Rahman, Jia-le Ding, Shah Nawab, Ahmad Ali, Yasir Alam, Adil Qadir, Yasir Alam, and sun kun. "Molecular evaluation and geographical adaptation of plants: A literature review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 029–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.1.1404.

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Plants adapt locally to a wide range of environments to achieve ecological specialization. Maladaptation and costly fitness can result from local adaptation. However, these adaptations are not common, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are now unclear. The literature was investigated to recognize potential pathways underlying ecological specialization and local adaptation. Stressors such as drought, high heat, cold, floods, herbivores, and disease were investigated. The results were summarized by recent developments in regional adaptability and plant molecular biology. In addition to situations when modifications aren't a necessary part of adaptation, procedures that may lead to changes in fitness have been identified. In the future, it will be important to investigate local adaptation with a clear focus on molecular processes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adaptation (Biology)"

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Paget, Caroline Mary. "Environmental systems biology of temperature adaptation in yeast." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/environmental-systems-biology-of-temperature-adaptation-in-yeast(597a675a-aaf1-43bf-bd6c-143aeefc98be).html.

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Temperature is arguably the leading factor that drives adaptation of organisms and ecosystems. Remarkably, many sister species share the same habitat because of their different temporal or micro-spatial thermal adaptation. In this PhD, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the adaptation of closely related species to different temperatures are sought. A thermodynamic analysis was applied to a genome-scale metabolic model of S. cerevisiae at warm and cold temperatures to identify thermo-dependent reactions. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of predicted cold-dependent reactions found that redox reactions were significantly enriched. A complementary large scale experimental approach was taken by competing 6,000 mutant strains at 16°C to identify genes that were responsible for the fitness at low temperatures. The experiment was carried out in three different nutritional conditions to test the plasticity of temperature dependency. A list of strains whose copy number significantly increased or decreased in all media conditions was constructed and analysed using Gene Ontology. Vitamin biosynthesis, lipid/fatty acid processes and oxido-reduction reactions were all found to be significantly affected by the cold condition. Combining the data from the two studies a list of candidate genes affected by temperature changes were generated. In particular, two genes, GUT2 and ADH3, were identified as potential cold favouring genes and studied in more detailed. Mutants for these two genes were created in a pair of natural sympatric cryotolerant and thermotolerant Saccharomyces yeasts, namely S. kudriavzevii CA111 and S. cerevisiae 96.2, representing an excellent ecological experimental model for differential temperature adaption. My results showed that when compared to the parental strains, both mutants showed lower fitness at cold temperatures as predicted, and in S. kudriavzevii CA111 these mutations significantly improve growth at warm temperatures. Results from all aspects of this work indicate that oxidation reduction reactions are important for cold acclimation. It is known that heat stress causes redox imbalances which are compensated by increasing glycerol production or cytosolic acetaldehyde. Since GUT2 and ADH3 are involved in these processes, mutations in these genes may not be able to compensate for temperature changes. My data also shows that vitamins may also play an important role in cold acclimation which would be an interesting line of investigation for future work. Overall this PhD thesis has incorporated in silico and in vivo work to identify potential processes and genes involved in the temperature adaptation of sister Saccharomyces yeast species. The approach and results provided in this study support the use of a systems biology framework to studying species adaptation to environmental changes, and show that such models can yield testable predictions that may lead to new biological discoveries.
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Modi, Sheetal. "Systems biology approaches to mechanisms of bacterial stress adaptation." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12822.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Bacteria exhibit highly adaptive behaviors in the face of stress, which poses significant challenges for the eradication of infectious disease as well as for the success of biotechnology efforts to harness microbes as production chassis. Systems biology, which studies interactions between the components of a biological system, presents a framework for using computational strategies to further understand the complexity of bacterial physiology. In this work we use systems biology to elucidate the comprising mechanisms of two facets of bacterial stress adaptation. In the first part of this work, we develop a method to facilitate the characterization of small non-coding RNAs, which are involved in mediating adaptive physiological responses to changing environmental conditions. We implement a network biology approach based on expression profiling to predict the functional and regulatory interactions for small RNAs in Escherichia coli. We experimentally validate functional predictions for three small RNAs in our inferred network and demonstrate that a specific small RNA interacts with a transcription factor in a mutually inhibitory relationship, demonstrating a new cellular regulatory motif in bacteria. In the second part of this work, we investigate the role of phages, viruses which infect bacteria, in the adaptation of the microbiome to stressful environments. Disruption of intestinal homeostasis has been studied at the level of microbial composition; however, investigation of the gut ecosystem has evinced a myriad of resident phages, and it remains unclear how perturbation of the gut environment affects these viral symbionts. Our analysis demonstrates that antibiotic treatment, a prevalent stress for commensal microbes, enriches the phage metagenome for stress-specific and niche-specific functions. We also show that antibiotic treatment expands the interactions between phage and bacterial species, leading to a more highly connected phage-bacterial network for gene exchange. Our work indicates that the adaptive capacity of the phageome may represent a community-based mechanism for protecting the gut microfiora and preserving its functional robustness during antibiotic stress. Systems biology approaches toward understanding bacterial behavior within an environmental and evolutionary context may improve our relationships with microbes, which will be critical in an era where the potential of these organisms remains both promising and incipient.
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Cuthbertson, Charles. "Limits to the rate of adaptation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670176.

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Leiby, Nicholas. "Adaptation and Specialization in the Evolution of Bacterial Metabolism." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11364.

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Specialization is a balance of evolutionary adaptation and its accompanying costs. Here we focus on the Lenski Long-Term Evolution Experiment, which has maintained cultures of Escherichia coli in the same, defined seasonal environment for 50,000 generations. This dissertation explores the extent and means by which metabolic specialization occurs over an extended period in the same environment.
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Haller, Benjamin. "The role of heterogeneity in adaptation and speciation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119621.

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Heterogeneity is at the heart of Darwin's "mystery of mysteries", the origin of species, as both cause and consequence. Heterogeneity within and between environments can lead to genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity within and between populations. This can lead, in turn, to heterogeneity in patterns of mating and reproduction, often called "non-random" or "assortative" mating. Ultimately, this process can lead to speciation – in essence, the development of stable, persistent heterogeneity at the phylogenetic level. A "chain of causation" thus exists along which heterogeneity propagates, from differences among environments to differences among individuals, populations, and ultimately species (Chapter 1). In this thesis I present three models, focused upon three different links in this chain of causation, to study the causes and consequences of heterogeneity in the evolutionary process. The first model (Chapter 2) examines the earliest link in this chain of causation: the process of adaptation within a single population in an environment containing a single resource type. This model demonstrates that stochasticity generates genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity even in a simple environment such as this. Furthermore, that heterogeneity can be maintained and promoted by simple ecological processes such as intraspecific competition that decrease the fitness of common phenotypes. The results of this model help to resolve a long-standing puzzle in evolutionary biology, the "paradox of stasis", by providing a mechanistic explanation for the pattern of selection observed in natural populations. The second model (Chapter 3) explores an intermediate link in the chain of causation: the effects of spatial environmental heterogeneity on divergent adaptation and biodiversification. This model incorporates complex, realistic patterns of environmental heterogeneity not previously studied, and demonstrates a novel "refugium effect" through which such complex environmental heterogeneity can promote biodiversification. In essence, "refugia" generated by patchy environmental heterogeneity can provide stepping-stones through which adaptation to hostile environments can proceed incrementally. Other effects of complex heterogeneity are also demonstrated, and these results are connected to empirical speciation research. The last model presented (Chapter 4) investigates the final links in the chain of causation: the development of reproductive isolation and progress toward speciation. It has previously been hypothesized that a floral syndrome called heterostyly might cause partial reproductive isolation among populations of flowering plants, promoting speciation. This chapter's model is used to test that hypothesis. Results support this hypothesis in some scenarios, because divergent ecological selection on traits involved in heterostyly can pleiotropically produce reproductive isolation. However, this model does not always lead to reproductive isolation. An alternative outcome in which heterostyly leads to asymmetric gene flow points toward a novel mechanism underlying the progression from heterostyly to dioecy, offering a possible resolution of an enduring mystery in plant mating system research. In Chapter 5, the chain of causation discussed above is visualized with a flowchart that depicts the mechanisms that generate and promote heterogeneity at different stages in the process of adaptation and speciation. This flowchart illustrates the unifying idea at the heart of this thesis: that the process of biodiversification involves the propagation of heterogeneity from the environment to individuals, populations, and ultimately new species. The models presented in the preceding chapters are shown at their respective positions along the chain of causation, illustrating which parts of this conceptual framework have been explored in this thesis.
L'hétérogénéité est au coeur du «mystère des mystères» de Darwin : l'origine des espèces, comme cause et comme conséquence. L'hétérogénéité à l'intérieur et entre les environnements peut produire de l'hétérogénéité génétique et phénotypique dans une population et entre des populations. Ceci peut produire, à son tour, de l'hétérogénéité dans les patrons d'accouplement et de reproduction, souvent appelé «croisement assortatif». Ultimement, ce processus peut mener à la spéciation – en fait, le développement d'une hétérogénéité stable et persistante au niveau phylogénique. Une «chaîne de causalité» existe au cours duquel l'hétérogénéité se propage, de différences environmentales à des différences entre les individus, les populations, et ultimement aux espèces (premier chapitre). Dans cette thèse, je présente trois modèles, qui portent chacun sur un lien différent de la chaîne de causalité pour étudier les causes et les conséquences de l'hétérogénéité dans les processus évolutifs. Le premier modèle (deuxième chapitre) examine le premier lien de la chaîne de causalité : le processus d'adaptation avec une seule population et un seul environnement ne contenant qu'un seul type de ressource. Ce modèle montre que la stochasticité génère de l'hétérogénéité génétique et phénotypique, même dans un environnement simple. En plus, l'hétérogénéité peut être maintenue et amplifiée par des processus écologiques simples comme la compétition intra-spécifique qui réduit la valeur d'adaptation des phénotypes communs. Ces résultats aident à résoudre une vieille question en biologie de l'évolution, «le paradoxe de la stase», en fournissant une explication pour les mécanismes de sélection que l'on observe dans la nature. Le deuxième modèle (troisième chapitre) explore un lien intermédiaire dans la chaîne de causalité : les effets de l'hétérogénéité environnementale sur l'adaptation divergente et les processus de biodiversification. Ce modèle intègre des patrons complexes d'hétérogénéité qui n'ont pas été étudiés précédemment et montre un nouvel «effet refuge» qui amplifie les processus de biodiversification dans des environnements hétérogènes complexes. En effet, les «refuges» générés par la fragmentation spatiale peuvent devenir des tremplins par lesquels l'adaptation aux environnements hostiles peut procéder séquentiellement. D'autres effets de l'hétérogénéité complexe sont aussi montrés et ces résultats sont liés à la recherche empirique sur la spéciation. Le dernier modèle (quatrième chapitre) étudie le dernier lien de la chaîne de causalité : le développement de l'isolation reproductive et l'évolution vers la spéciation. Il a été suggéré qu'un syndrome floral appelé hétérostylie peut causer une isolation reproductive partielle entre les fleurs, entraînant la spéciation. Le modèle de ce chapitre est utilisé pour tester cette hypothèse. Les résultats appuient cette hypothèse dans certains scénarios, car la sélection écologique divergente sur les traits impliqués dans l'hétérostylie peuvent produire de l'isolement reproductif à cause d'effects pléiotropes. Cependant, ce modèle ne génère pas toujours de l'isolement reproductif. Un autre résultat possible du modèle est que l'hétérostylie produit un flux génique asymmétrique. Ce résultat pointe vers un nouveau mécanisme sous-jacent à la progression de l'hétérostylie vers la diécie, offrant la possibilité de résoudre un mystère persistant à propos du système reproductif des plantes. Dans le cinquième chapitre, la chaîne de causalité est représentée par un organigramme qui présente les mécanismes qui génèrent et amplifient l'hétérogénéité à différents stades du processus d'adaptation et de spéciation. Les modèles présentés dans les chapitres précédents sont positionnés sur la chaîne de causalité, illustrant quelles sont les parties de cet organigramme qui ont été explorées dans cette thèse.
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Kane, Nolan C. "The genetic basis of adaptation and speciation in wild sunflowers." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3290775.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 28, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7090. Adviser: Loren H. Rieseberg.
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Friedman, Jonathan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Microbial adaptation, differentiation, and community structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81751.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computational and Systems Biology Program, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-119).
Microbes play a central role in diverse processes ranging from global elemental cycles to human digestion. Understanding these complex processes requires a rm under- standing of the interplay between microbes and their environment. In this thesis, we utilize sequencing data to study how individual species adapt to different niches, and how species assemble to form communities. First, we study the potential temperature and salinity range of 16 marine Vibrio strains. We nd that salinity tolerance is at odds with the strains' natural habitats, and provide evidence that this incongruence may be explained by a molecular coupling between salinity and temperature tolerance. Next, we investigate the genetic basis of bacterial ecological differentiation by analyzing the genomes of two closely related, yet ecologically distinct populations of Vibrio splendidus. We nd that most loci recombine freely across habitats, and that ecological differentiation is likely driven by a small number of habitat-specic alle-les. We further present a model for bacterial sympatric speciation. Our simulations demonstrate that a small number of adaptive loci facilitates speciation, due to the op- posing roles horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays throughout the speciation process: HGT initially promotes speciation by bringing together multiple adaptive alleles, but later hinders it by mixing alleles across habitats. Finally, we introduce two tools for analyzing genomic survey data: SparCC, which infers correlations between taxa from relative abundance data; and StrainFinder, which extracts strain-level information from metagenomic data. Employing these tools, we infer a rich ecological network connecting hundreds of interacting species across 18 sites on the human body, and show that 16S-defined groups are rarely composed of a single dominant strain.
by Jonathan Friedman.
Ph.D.
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Kettler, Gregory C. (Gregory Carl). "Genetic diversity and its consequences for light adaptation in Prochlorococcus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68428.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 215-223).
When different cells thrive across diverse environments, their genetic differences can reveal what genes are essential to survival in a particular environment. Prochlorococcus, a cyanobacterium that dominates the open ocean, offers an opportunity to explore such differences. Its diversity is examined here, beginning with an overview and comparison of 12 fully sequenced Prochlorococcus genomes. The Prochlorococcus core genome, that set of genes shared by all cultured Prochlorococcus, appears to be well defined by the set shared by these isolates. The flexible genome, that set of genes found in some isolates but not shared by all Prochlorococcus, was found to be much larger and open-ended. Most laterally-acquired genes were found to be located in highly variable islands such as those described in previous studies of Prochlorococcus. Those lateral gene transfer events can also be placed on the Prochlorococcus phylogenetic tree: each Prochlorococcus isolate possesses a significant number of genes that even its closest sequenced cousin does not. A particular gene family may define a Prochlorococcus ecotype if those genes are possessed by all members of that ecotype, and if their presence gives that ecotype a selective advantage in some circumstance, thus contributing to the determination of its niche. One gene family is conspicuous for appearing in many copies per genome in one Prochlorococcus clade, referred to as eNATL. The sequenced strains belonging to this clade each possess over 40 copies of genes encoding high light inducible proteins (HLIPs), compared to only 9-24 in the other Prochlorococcus genomes. Other studies suggest these genes may be involved in resistance to sudden increases in light intensity, among other stresses. This becomes especially interesting as recent field studies also found that eNATL cells may survive changes in light intensity more easily than other lowlight adapted Prochlorococcus. Here, the effects of light shocks on an eNATL strain and on other Prochlorococcus strains are studied. eNATL cultures do recover from light shock conditions that are lethal to other low light-adapted Prochlorococcus. Measurements of bulk in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence, fluorescence per cell, and variable fluorescence, along with preliminary gene expression data, suggest that the early, rapid response of high light-adapted cells and of eNATL cells distinguish them from other low light-adapted cells, possibly explaining their subsequent survival. The possible role of HLIPs in this response is discussed. The discussion of HLIPs and eNATL is based on the complete sequences of only two eNATL genomes, both sampled from the same part of the ocean at the same time. That dataset is expanded by the inclusion of Global Ocean Survey environmental shotgun reads, from which are identified several thousand HLIP genes. Past work has shown that HLIPs are divided into two distinct clades: the core, freshwater cyanobacteria-like HLIPs and the flexible, phage-like, island-bound copies. That distinction is examined in the metagenomic data, demonstrating that the separate types are consistently found in distinct chromosomal neighborhoods.
(cont.) The evolution of HLIPs is also explored by the analysis of large-insert environmental clones containing islands from a variety of eNATL cells. Here, not even all island-bound, HLIP-encoding genes appear to be alike, as only a subset are consistently found in the same locations across the whole eNATL clade. Ecotype-defining genes are those genes, shared by all members of an ecotype, that provide an ecologically significant advantage, thus helping to define the ecotype's niche. It can be expected that, as environmental data accumulates (including additional measurements of Prochlorococcus abundance and newly sequenced genomes from uncultured cells), additional such genes can be identified. This work should represent a model for searching for and examining such genes. Hopefully, future experiments will be able to test the physiological significance of candidate ecotype-defining genes, while feeding back to the environmental data to verify their importance in the open ocean.
by Gregory C. Kettler.
Ph.D.
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Crispo, Erika. "Interplay among phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation, and gene flow." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92201.

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Smith, Joel Haviland. "Leveraging Haplotype-Based Inference to Describe Adaptation and Speciation." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10788183.

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Forward progress in empirical population genetics is closely tied to the development of theory which can accomodate and keep pace with the production of genetic data. In recent years, the ability to survey genetic variation at increasingly greater resolution, across the genomes of a variety of species, has prompted new approaches to use this data for population genetic inference. While many models have historically relied on assuming independence among genetic variants in a sample of chromosomes, there are now a variety of methods which can use the non-independence among variants as a source of information. In particular, the unique combination and co-inheritance of variants on a chromosome can be used to define "haplotypes" of linked genetic variation associated with specific populations, individuals, or variants from which they are descended. The work presented here is a contribution to this class of population genetic models which describes: (1) a method to estimate the timing of adaptation for a beneficial allele, including several applications to recent human evolution, (2) an application of the same method to infer the timing of introgression for coat color alleles in North American wolves and high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans, (3) a model to infer the action of purifying selection against genetic incompatibilities in a hybrid zone, and (4) a reanalysis of genomic data from Heliconius butterflies which confirms the role of hybridization in transfering mimicry phenotypes between species.

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Books on the topic "Adaptation (Biology)"

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Silverstein, Alvin. Adaptation. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2008.

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1955-, Rose Michael R., and Lauder George V, eds. Adaptation. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.

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Brandon, Robert N. Adaptation and environment. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Dr, Sharma B. K., and International Society for Adaptive Medicine. Congress, eds. Adaptation biology and medicine. New Delhi: Narosa Pub. House, 1997.

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Steve, Parker. Adaptation. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2006.

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Snedden, Robert. Adaptation and survival. Chicago, Ill: Raintree, 2012.

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Walker, Denise. Adaptation and survival. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2006.

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Gordon, Malcolm S. Invasions of the land: The transitionsof organisms from aquatic to terrestrial life. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.

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Noyd, Robert K. Biology: Organisms and adaptations. Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2014.

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Davies, Monika. Adaptations. Huntington Beach, CA: Teacher Created Materials, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Adaptation (Biology)"

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Huneman, Philippe. "Adaptation." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 9–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_896.

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Lack, Andrew, and David Evans. "Stress avoidance and adaptation." In Plant Biology, 158–62. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203002902-49.

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Parsons, P. A. "Evolutionary Adaptation and Stress." In Evolutionary Biology, 191–223. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3336-8_5.

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Ferrell, James E. "Adaptation 2." In Systems Biology of Cell Signaling, 199–211. Boca Raton: Garland Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003124269-13.

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Guirfa, Martin, and Randolf Menzel. "Biology of Adaptation and Learning." In Adaptivity and Learning, 7–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05594-6_2.

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Lahiri, Sukhamay. "Oxygen Biology of Peripheral Chemoreceptors." In Response and Adaptation to Hypoxia, 95–106. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7574-3_9.

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Zarea, Mohammad Javad. "Salt-Tolerant Microbes: Isolation and Adaptation." In Soil Biology, 285–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18975-4_12.

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Almaguer Chávez, Michel. "Thermotolerance and Adaptation to Climate Change." In Fungal Biology, 37–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_3.

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Sopory, Sudhir, and Charanpreet Kaur. "Plant Diversity and Adaptation." In Sensory Biology of Plants, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8922-1_1.

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Fogleman, James C., Phillip B. Danielson, and Ross J. Macintyre. "The Molecular Basis of Adaptation in Drosophila." In Evolutionary Biology, 15–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1751-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Adaptation (Biology)"

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Sanllorente, Olivia, Elva X. Vela, Daniel Aguayo, Mercedes Molina-Morales, Tomás Pérez-Contreras, Francisca Ruano, Magdalena Ruiz-Rodríguez, Pedro Sandoval, and Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo. "ADAPTATION OF THE ZOOLOGY PRACTICALS TO THE BILINGUAL BIOLOGY DEGREE." In 16th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2022.2429.

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Bratus, A. S., T. Yakushkina, S. Drozhzhin, and I. Samokhin. "Mathematical Models of Evolution for Replicator Systems: Fitness Landscape Adaptation." In Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics. Pushchino: IMPB RAS - Branch of KIAM RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/icmbb18.54.

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Nalau, Johanna, Susanne Becken, and Brendan Mackey. "Ecosystem-based Adaptation: A review of the constraints." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/109092.

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Knote, Andreas, and Sebastian von Mammen. "Adaptation and Integration of GPU-Driven Physics for a Biology Research RIS." In 2018 IEEE 11th Workshop on Software Engineering and Architectures for Real-time Interactive Systems (SEARIS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/searis44442.2018.9180233.

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ANTONELI, FERNANDO, FRANCISCO BOSCO, DIOGO CASTRO, and LUIZ MARIO JANINI. "VIRAL EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION AS A MULTIVARIATE BRANCHING PROCESS." In International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814520829_0013.

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"Adaptation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted manipulations of the human mitochondrial genome." In SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2019-43.

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"LIVING SYSTEMS’ ORGANISATION AND PROCESSES FOR ACHIEVING ADAPTATION - Principles to Borrow from Biology." In International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002335702540259.

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"Adaptation to polyploidy in Siberian Arabidopsis lyrata." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-356.

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Stinziano, Joseph. "The Sphagnum magellanicum complex exhibits minimal local adaptation of photosynthesis across a 3,000 km transect." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053046.

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Ivanova, G., D. Perez, and R. Both. "Threshold Adaptation for Mean Value Based Operant Conditioning." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617263.

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Reports on the topic "Adaptation (Biology)"

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Joyner, Dominique, Julian Fortney, Romy Chakraborty, and Terry Hazen. Adaptation of the Biolog Phenotype MicroArrayTM Technology to Profile the Obligate Anaerobe Geobacter metallireducens. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985923.

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Bartolino, Valerio, Birgit Koehler, and Lena Bergström, eds. Climate effects on fish in Sweden : Species-Climate Information Sheets for 32 key taxa in marine and coastal waters. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4lmlt1tq5j.

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The purpose of this publication is to summarize the state of knowledge on the effects of environmental variability and climate change for individual species and stocks based on literature review, giving species-climate information for 32 key taxa in Swedish marine and coastal waters. The report is written in English. The extent and scale of recent changes in climate due to global warming is unprecedented and causes increasing effects on ecosystems. In oceans, ongoing warming leads to, for example, increased water temperatures, decreased ice cover and effects on hydrology and water circulation patterns that can in turn influence salinity. The environmental alterations affect species distribution, biology, and hence also the delivery of marine ecosystem services and human well-being. The results of this review on the effects of environmental variability and climate change on marine taxa are presented as species-climate information sheets designed in a user-friendly format aimed to enhance accessibility for professionals spanning different fields and roles, including e.g. scientific experts, NGOs affiliates and managers. The species-climate information sheets presented here cover 32 key taxa selected among the economically and ecologically most important coastal and marine fish and crustacean species in Swedish waters. The species-wise evaluations show that climate change leads to a wide range of effects on fish, reflecting variations in their biology and physiological tolerances. The review also highlights important data and knowledge gaps for each species and life stage. Despite the high variability and prevailing uncertainties, some general patterns appeared. On a general level, most fish species in Swedish marine and coastal waters are not expected to benefit from climate change, and many risks are identified to their potential for recruitment, growth and development. Boreal, marine and cold-adapted species would be disadvantaged at Swedish latitudes. However, fish of freshwater origin adapted to warmer temperature regimes could benefit to some extent in the Baltic Sea under a warming climate. Freshwater fish could also be benefitted under further decreasing salinity in the surface water in the Baltic Sea. The resulting effects on species will not only depend on the physiological responses, but also on how the feeding conditions for fish, prey availability, the quality of essential fish habitats and many other factors will develop. A wide range of ecological factors decisive for the development of fish communities are also affected by climate change but have not been explored here, where we focused on the direct effects of warming. The sensitivity and resilience of the fish species to climate change will also depend on their present and future health and biological status. Populations exposed to prolonged and intense fishing exploitation, or affected by environmental deterioration will most likely have a lower capacity to cope with climate change effects over time. For both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, it is important to ensure continued work to update and improve the species-climate information sheets as results from new research become available. It can also be expected that new important and relevant biological information and improved climate scenarios will emerge continuously. Continued work is therefore important to update and refine the species-climate information sheets, help filling in currently identified knowledge gaps, and extend to other species not included here. Moreover, there is need to integrate this type of species-level information into analyses of the effects of climate change at the level of communities and ecosystems to support timely mitigation and adaptation responses to the challenges of the climate change.
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Boisclair, Yves R., Alan W. Bell, and Avi Shamay. Regulation and Action of Leptin in Pregnant and Lactating Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586465.bard.

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The original project had four specific objectives: (1) To complete the development of a radioimmunoassay for bovine leptin; (2) To characterize the leptin system in lactating dairy cows during the transition from pregnancy to lactation; (3) To identify endocrine factors regulating the production of leptin by bovine adipose tissue; (4) To study the actions of leptin on bovine adipose and mammary tissues in vitro. However, BARD funded only the development of the bovine leptin RIA (Objective 1) for a single year. This report describes our work in completing this objective. Leptin, a protein hormone secreted predominantly by white adipose tissue, plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism. In rodents and humans, leptin informs the central nervous system of the size of the energy reserves, coordinates adaptations to periods of nutrient insufficiency, and regulates the metabolism of key tissues involved in the storage and dissipation of energy. However, almost nothing is known on the biology of leptin in cattle, in part because of the absence of a valid assay to measure bovine leptin. To remediate this situation, we have developed a radioimmunoassay capable of measuring bovine leptin with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy and precision. First, we produced recombinant bovine leptin and used it to immunize rabbits, and to prepare bovine leptin trace and standards. A single antiserum with sufficient affinity and titer was identified. Using this antiserum, binding of 125I bovine leptin was displaced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of bovine or ovine leptin. Serial dilution of bovine and ovine plasma gave displacement curves that were parallel to that of bovine or ovine leptin. Recoveries of external addition of bovine leptin in ewe and cow plasma ranged between 94 and 104%. Plasma leptin concentration measured by this assay was increased by the plane of nutrition in growing calves and lambs. Finally, plasma leptin concentration was linearly related to the fat content of the empty carcass in growing cattle. We conclude that circulating leptin in sheep and cattle is increased by fatness and plane of nutrition, consistent with results in humans and rodents. This assay provides an important tool to investigate mechanisms that regulate plasma leptin in cattle and sheep.
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