Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adaptation implicite et explicite'
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Richard, Olivier. "Considérations adaptatives. Mesures explicites et implicites de l'anxieté de reblessure." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30024.
Full textReinjury anxiety is a psychological reaction arising further to an injury. Currently, the scientific literature considers reinjury anxiety solely as a negativ emotion you have to deal with and make disappear. Fact is, reinjury anxiety seems to be an hindrance to reeducation and a potential trouble when restarting a physical activity. We would like to adopt another point of view and consider the adaptive aspect of this emotion. We know anxiety, as a defensive reaction, makes you prone to action (avoidance and inhibition) and therefore could also be used as a positive incentive. Through our researches, we explored the positive aspects and mechanisms of reinjury anxiety on sportsman and non-sportsman people.The file is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the academic work concerning reinjury anxiety. In a second chapter, we develop an explicit measure to reinjury anxiety. Chapter three explores the connections between reinjury anxiety and risk taking. The fourth chapter is related to the implicit measure of reinjury anxiety and its action readiness. Finally, in the fifth and last chapter, we discuss the results and the psychological treatment for reinjury anxiety
Chrigui, Abdelaziz. "Sida, memoire explicite, memoire implicite : etude comparative des memoires explicite et implicite chez 23 patients atteints de sida." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M166.
Full textFay, Séverine. "Mémoire explicite et mémoire implicite : dissociations comportementales et électrophysiologiques." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2004.
Full textVidigal, de Paula Fraülein. "Connaissance morphologique implicite et explicite dans le portuguese langue écrit." Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20021.
Full textThe research aimed to attain 3 major goals : (1) to investigate Elementary School students' implicit and explicit knowledge about morphological, derivational and flexional dimensions of Portuguese spoken in Brazil, and also, to identify when, at the schooling process, is more evident the use of each of these levels ; 2) to identify relationships between morphology and other dimensions of language (phonological, lexical and syntactic) and also, how these relationships are expressed at different school levels, namely first , third, fifth and seventh grades ; 3) to investigate how implicit and explicit knowledge about Portuguese morphological dimension relate to literacy acquisition (decoding and understanding) and writing (orthography). Participants were 260 students, being 132 boys and 128 girls, who were enrolled at first (22), third (28), fifth (107) and seventh (103) grades of a private school at Sao Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected through 14 tasks that evaluated implicit and explicit knowledge about derivational and flexional morphology, morphological derivational knowledge employed to extract word composition rule, neologism production, writing performance of dictated words, reading performance (decoding) and sentences (understanding) as weIl as vocabulary. Results showed that first grade students have implicit knowledge, or in other words, are sensitive to derivational morphology, more specifically to suffix, that was not verified among more advanced grades students who displayed more explicit knowledge than implicit. It has also been noticed that since 1st grade, knowledge about the use of prefixes and suffixes is employed in the composition of fictitious words. For the two following group of objectives, the expected significant correlations between morphological knowledge and other linguistic dimensions - phonological, syntactical and lexical - are observed since 3rd grade. From this grade on we also verified a growing number of correlations between morphological knowledge and the performance of both reading and writing. In conclusion, we consider that some advances were made into the understanding of the role of implicit and explicit derivational morphological knowledge, and some open questions remain to be answered by future research
Techer, Anthony. "Simulation aux grandes échelles implicite et explicite de la combustion supersonique." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0020/document.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the Large-eddy simulation (LES) study of a wall hydrogen underexpanded jet in a supersonic crossflow of vitiated air. This configuration is representative of flow conditions encountered in aerospace engines such as supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjets). Indeed, future of high-speed transport systems heavily depends on the development of this type of engine. Under such conditions, the high temperature flow of vitiated air is maintained supersonic in the combustion chamber to reduce effects of heating and dissociation. The mixing and combustion processes that develop downstream of the fuel jet are studied. This work is based on the use of a high fidelity numerical simulation: CREAMS (Compressible REActive Multi-species Solver) which is developed at the Pprime Institute. This computational solver makes use of high precision numerical schemes: a 3rd order Runge–Kutta scheme for the time integration combines with a 7th order WENO and 8th order centered scheme for the spatial discretisation. Non-reactive simulations allow to characterize the importance of shock/turbulence interactions with special attention paid to the description of the unresolved (i.e. sub-grid scale) scalar fluctuations. The reactive simulations allow to perform a detailed analysis of the stabilization mode and turbulent combustion regimes tha are encountered, thus providing valuable information about the possible adequacy of the available representation for these extreme conditions
Bres, Yannis. "Exploration implicite et explicite de l'espace d'états atteignables de circuits logiques Estérel." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5767.
Full textZimmermann, Marie-Agathe. "Anticholinergiques et mémoire : les effets de la scopolamine sur la mémoire implicite et explicite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M182.
Full textBRES, Yannis. "Exploration implicite et explicite de l'espace d'´etats atteignables de circuits logiques Esterel." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003600.
Full texttechniques génériques ou spécifiques à notre cadre de travail. Nous utilisons les résultats de ces explorations à des fins de vérification formelle de propriétés de sûreté, de génération d'automates explicites ou de génération de séquences de tests exhaustives. Nous décrivons trois outils.
Le premier outil est un vérificateur formel implicite, à base de Diagrammes de Décisions Binaires (BDDs). Ce vérificateur présente plusieurs techniques permettant de réduire le nombre de variables impliquées dans les calculs d'espace d'états. Nous proposons notamment l'abstraction de variables à l'aide d'une logique trivaluée. Cette nouvelle méthode étend la technique usuelle de remplacement de variables d'états par des entrées libres. Ces deux méthodes calculant des sur-approximations de l'espace d'états atteignables, nous proposons différentes techniques utilisant des informations concernant la structure du modèle et permettant de réduire la sur-approximation.
Le deuxième outil est un moteur d'exploration explicite, basé sur l'énumération des états accessibles.
Ce moteur repose sur la simulation de la propagation du courant électrique dans les portes du circuit et supporte les circuits cycliques. Ce moteur comporte de nombreuses optimisations et fait appel à différentes heuristiques visant à éviter les explosions en temps ou en espace inhérentes à cette approche, ce qui lui
confère de très bonnes performances. Ce moteur a été appliqué à la génération d'automates explicites et à la vérification formelle.
Enfin, le troisième outil est une évolution hybride implicite/explicite du moteur purement explicite. Dans cette évolution, les états sont toujours analysés individuellement mais symboliquement à l'aide de BDDs. Ce moteur a également été appliqué à la génération d'automates explicites, mais il est plutôt destiné à la vérification formelle ou la génération de séequences de tests exhaustives.
Nous présentons des résultats d'expérimentations de ces différentes approches sur plusieurs exemples industriels.
Serrano, RIivas Martha Cynara. "Exploration des stratégies de catégorisation implicite et explicite de haut niveau dans l’aphasie." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98469.
Full textThis investigation assesses higher-order auditory categorisation mechanisms in aphasia. The theoretical background builds upon the basic premises of the prototype theory and on recent studies on cognitive categorisation, considered to be one of the core mechanisms of human cognition. A computer program interface (TCL-lab.025) was used to observe categorisation in a graded manner, ranging from unrestricted to guided tasks, as a means to explore implicit vs. explicit categorisation mechanisms. The stimuli consisted of sentences displaying multidimensional commonalities across three linguistic components: semantics, prosody and syntax. The experiments were conducted on a population of thirty healthy controls and twenty-one aphasic patients. In total, seven experiments were designed as follows: one free sorting task, three induced categorisation tasks and three guided tasks, each concerning one of the above mentioned linguistic components. Results were analysed for each component and compared to complementary psycholinguistic and demographic data collected. Procedural results were also included in the analysis. Global results point to a distinction between the mechanisms engaged for categorising through meaning, form and structure. Important differences across tasks are also discussed. Results are interpreted according to the theoretical premises emanating from previous investigations in the field.
Nicolas, Serge. "La mémoire et ses manifestations : de son expression implicite à son actualisation explicite." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE29010.
Full textThe first offers, in the context of an historical analysis, an inventory of the main implicit and explicit tests of memory. The second chapter, reports many works investigating the relation between these two types of tests when traditional variables (levels of processing, delay, context. . . ) and the caracteristic of the subjects (normals vs amnesics; children vs adults vs elderly) are manipulated. The third chapter presents and critically evaluates the theories that claim to account for the observed relations between implicit and explicit tests of memory. Finally, the last chapter includes three series of experiments with the aim, on the one hand, to provide additional arguments for functional theories and, on the other hand, to develop a more personal) conception of remembering regarding it the result of the attribution of mental contents to the past
Delagarde, Charles-Emmanuel. "Conflits socio-normatifs et explications de la réussite et de l'échec : l'internalité explicite et l'internalité implicite." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100185.
Full textDubuisson, Jean-Baptiste. "Évaluation explicite et implicite des vrais et des faux souvenirs : effets de l’apprentissage et du vieillissement normal." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H118.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to investigate the processes underlying memory performance. Using the DRM paradigm, we examined performance under two complementary angles: in terms of (1) true memories, which is a typical assessment of memory performances, and also in terms of (2) false memories, which are systematic errors induced by the procedure of this paradigm. These performances were studied through two types of measures (explicit and implicit) underlying different retrieval processes. To specify these processes, we have examined them in light of factors likely to influence them. We thus focused on the aging effect as well as the effects of learning, such as the repetition effect and the spacing effect. The main results can be summarized as follows. (1) Under explicit assessment, a spacing effect was obtained on both true and false memories. (2) The effect of aging essentially results in an increased sensitivity to the feeling of familiarity, which increases errors, but without an overall deterioration in performance. (3) The automatic processes such as learning effects or priming effects are preserved in aging. (4) Under implicit assessment, no false memory is produced, suggesting that these are mainly mediated by misjudgment during intentional retrieval of material previously studied. In light of the literature, these results are compared with current explanatory hypotheses and theories, for the various areas addressed above
Bertrand-Cassignol, Florence. "Valorisation de la motivation intrinsèque : normativité et traitement explicite versus implicite de sa valeur sociale." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30081.
Full textThis work of thesis takes part in a research project, which aim at testing the relevance of a normative interpretation of the intrinsic motivation’s concept. This following, suggested by François (2004) is based upon the sociocognitive approach of the social norms developed by Beauvois (1984). This thesis aims, on the one hand, at demonstrating the normative valorization of intrinsic motivation on an intergroup and interindividual’s levels, and on the other hand, at analyzing the type of value lied to intrinsic motivation (social utility or social desirability). Hence, seven studies were carried out with explicit measurements (studies 1,2,3,6 and 7) and and with implicit measurement (studies 4 and 5). The first were based upon questionnaries, using paradigms of the judges and identification (Jellison and Green, 1981), the seconds is based upon a lexical decision’s paradigm with starting. These results contribute firstly to the reinforce the normative interpretation of intrinsic motivation but secondly, suggest that this valorization appeals to alternatively social desirability or social utility, according to the context. Thus, beyond its participation in the description of the normativity of the intrinsic motivation, this thesis presents, a new definition of the value associated with the judgments norms (Dubois, 2005,2006), in which the context becomes a central concept. It finally questions on the part of normative explanation in the motivational expression, in real organisational contexts
Gras-Vincendon, Agnès. "Mémoire et schizophrénie : une étude contrôlée des mémoires implicite et explicite chez 24 patients traités par neuroleptiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M051.
Full textStéphany, Emmanuelle. "Étude des effets de l'ECT sur la mémoire explicite et implicite chez les sujets atteints d'un épisode dépressif majeur." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20094.
Full textObjective: to study the course of explicit and implicit memory in patients receiving a course of electroconvulsivotherapy (ECT) treatment for a major depressive episode, as compared to a group of patients treated with antidepressant (ATD) medications. Methods: 34 subjects (23 ECT et 11 ADT) diagnosed with major depressive episode completed three sessions of verbal explicit and implicit memory tests, before, during and at the end of a treatment with ECT and ADT. Age, gender, education, occupational status, global cognitive state and level of depression were controlled for. Results: group differed in their performance in explicit memory, ECT patients being slightly more impaired in the more effortful tasks (free recall) than ATD patients. On the contrary, both groups performance in implicit memory were comparable at all time points, and tended to increase over time. Conclusion: in a group of patients treated with ECT, well-known to induce a transient explicit memory impairment, we found a preservation of implicit memory. This result support the validity of the distinction between explicit and implicit memory, as least with the paradigms used
Michaud, Annie. "Évaluation électrophysiologique et comportementale de la mémoire implicite chez les personnes âgées." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textVu, Bang Cong. "Inclusions Monotones en Dualité et Applications." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816116.
Full textLe, Gall Monique. "Apprentissage implicite et explicite des concepts en langue étrangère : étude d'une relation transductive et de la place et du rôle de l'explicitation." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1089.
Full textChernyshova, Elizaveta. "Expliciter et inférer dans la conversation : modélisation de la séquence d’explicitation dans l’interaction." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2132/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the co-construction of meaning in interaction and the ways in which conversationalists exhibit their interpretative processes. The focus of this study is the process of explicitation, i.e. the process through which an informational content becomes explicit in conversation. By offering a multi-level analysis of conversational sequences engaged in this practice, the study approaches the co-construction of meaning from the point of view of informational transformation and inference.The analyses presented here have been conducted on a corpus of spoken French in interaction, within the setting of informal encounters between friends around a meal or a drink. The explicitation sequence is defined as a conversational pattern where an inference is being submitted for confirmation. Starting from a collection of these sequences, this study offers a twofold approach: that of conversation analysis, and that of modeling of the conversational sequence. The practice of making a content explicit is here being explored according to three analytical lines: (a) the sequential analysis, focusing on the deployment of the explicitation sequence and its components; (b) the analysis according to a device elaborated by means of modeling information management in these sequences; and (c) the analysis of the linguistic designs used when exhibiting the inference. One of themain challenges of the present study is that of a proposition of a conversationalist model, dealing with information management and its enforcement through analysis of talk in interaction
Enéa, Drapeau Claire. "Stéréotype explicite et implicite des personnes porteuses de trisomie 21. Relations entre typicalité du visage, jugement sur l'intelligence et niveau cognitif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3104.
Full textTrisomy 21 (t21) or Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability. Although research on the social stereotype toward t21 is very limited, it seems that persons with t21 are typically viewed as “affectionate” and “happy”; with positive personality traits prevailing over the negative ones (e.g., “mentally retarded”). However, this positive stereotype coexists with ambivalent attitudes. The main objective of this study was to investigate the stereotype at the implicit level and the impact of t21 facial features on the stereotype of t21 at the both explicit and implicit levels. Our results confirm, on one hand, a positive social stereotype explicit in samples of young adult students, non-student adults and professional caregivers working with intellectually disabled persons. The positive bias typically found in explicit judgments of children with t21 is smaller for those whose facial features are highly characteristic of this disorder, compared to their counterparts with less distinctive features and to typically developing children. On the other hand, we also show that this bias can coexist with negative evaluations at the implicit level, even among professional caregivers but to a lesser extent. We study the influence of individual variables sex, familiarity with the t21 and implicit theories of intelligence on explicit and implicit stereotypes. Finally, we show a negative relationship between t21 typicality of faces and the judgment of the intelligence as we do not observe a significant relationship between typicality and the cognitive level. We discuss the implications of these results
Osorio, Zamorano Alexandra Patricia. "Effets du vieillissement sur la mémoire implicite et la mémoire explicite : études comportementales et électrophysiologiques chez les adultes jeunes et âgés de haut niveau d'études." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066602.
Full textColombel, Fabienne. "Étude des biais mnésiques associés à la dépression en situation de mémorisation explicite et implicite : une approche de l'interaction entre émotion et cognition." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3021.
Full textThis study turns on the depressive mood effects on the emotional information processing. More precisely, its purpose is to determine which factors govern the emergence of a memory bias in depression. True, numerous authors revealed a phenomenon called "mood congruence memory effect" by which congruent information with mood is best memorized than non congruent information. Hence, this phenomenon means that memory efficiency is biased by the congruence of the material to memorize and the emotional state. Four experiments aim at clarifying the conditions in which this memory bias appears and also the processes at stake when it appears. It turns out that the memory bias appears as much in explicit memory than implicit memory. Besides, automatic processes seem to be responsible for its emergence. Although quite new, these results allow to keep the basic principles of the Bower's (1981) and Beck's (1976) models, which support than the memory bias can appear automatically. On the other hand, they run counter to the theory of Williams, Watts, MacLeod, and Mathews (1988), which postulates that the memory bias in depression is due to a best elaboration of the congruent material with depressive mood
Rozenbaum, Wajs Valérie. "Décompositions et algorithmes proximaux pour l'analyse et le traitement itératif des signaux." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935698.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study and the resolution of certains nonlinear problems in signal and image processing via convex analysis. We propose a unified variational investigation of inverse problems and signal decomposition problems which have so far been studied individually, because of their apparent disparity. In the model we adopt, this family of problems is reduced generically to the minimization of the sum of two convex functions with certain regularity properties. Existence, uniqueness and characterization results are obtained for this problem. The proximity operator, introduced by Moreau in 1962 to study certains problems in mechanics, plays a basic role in our analysis. We apply it in particular to obtain new nonlinear signal decomposition schemes. Moreover, this tool is at the heart of the forwardbackward algorithm which we propose to solve the generic problem. This theoretical framework is applied to signal analysis and to image restoration. The restoration problems under consideration are posed on frames and our approach makes it possible to take into account sparsity constraints or to model Bayesian formulations with a priori knowledge on the distribution of the coefficients of the decomposition. Numerical results are provided
Hamdani, Idris. "L'intertexte des Mille et une nuits dans l'oeuvre de Tahar Ben Jelloun." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC0027.
Full textWe studied how Ben Jelloun used the intertext of the Thousand and One Nights in his three novels The Prayer of the Absent, The Sand Child and The Sacred Night. The explicit intertext consists in the use of the abyssal structure, where the text never ceases to be reflected and repeated: the stories fit into each other like the tales of the Nights. He also uses, as in the Nights, storytellers in series assembled in halqa where the storyteller could become narratary and vice versa. The intertext is also implicit where Ben Jelloun continues to borrow the easy and simple conical style of the Arabian Nights, metaphors of the Nights mark his work: the body of the woman, object of incarceration reminds us of the bodies of the queens Benn Jelloun by onomastics keeps reminding us of his model work where main characters like Scheherazade, Sindbad and Tawaddud punctuate the trilogy. He contextualizes the intertext to the Maghreb socio-political context in order to deconstruct the foundations of the patriarchal regime, the doxas and the daily habits, the man's look at the woman. It should also be noted that the intercultural value of Nights has permeated the Moroccan author
Marion, Anastasia. "Les effets de l'interférence perceptive à l'encodage sur la mémoire explicite, la mémoire source et la mémoire implicite : une comparaison entre adultes jeunes et âgés." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0032.
Full textPoor identification of masked information can lead to a greater memory. This memorial benefit of perceptual interference is not obtained on all memory tests. Hirshman, Trembath and Mulligan (1994) suggest that difficulty of perception of masked item forces participants to perform higher-level compensatory processing. This higher-level perceptual information is described as lexical, phonological and semantic information about an item. The activation of this information yields better retrieval. The purpose of our study is to observe whether mnesic benefit of perceptual interference occurs. We tested its existence manipulating type of interference and test, age of participants and sensorial modality. The results show that : a) the more important the mask is, the more difficult the identification is; b) the hypothesis of Mulligan (1996) is not confirmed with all memory tests : partial interference doesn't produce advantage on explicit memory, and disturbs memory for source. In contrary. Consistent with Mulligan (1996), perceptual interference doesn't allow any benefit on implicit memory; c) older adults seem to be more sensitive than younger to interference, but they compensate more this difficulty; d) the performance in auditory modality encourages us to continue our researches because they corroborate in part our hypothesis (explicit memory and memory for source). The account of a compensatory processing in paradigm of perceptual interference is consistent, but its nature must be redefined
Yang, Chang. "Analyse et mise en oeuvre des schémas numériques pour la physique des plasmas ionosphériques et de tokamaks." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10183/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on modeling and numerical simulation of ionospheric and Tokamak plasmas.The first part of this work concerns the modeling and simulation of ionospheric perturbations effects for earth-satellite communications. The starting point of this part is an asymptotic analysis of Euler-Maxwell model leading to Dynamo model, which results into a 3D coupling problem between an elliptic equation for the electric potential and a mass conservation equation for the plasma density. Because of the strong anisotropy of the diffusion matrix associated with the elliptic equation, we developed an asymptotic preserving numerical scheme thus allowing the well conditioned linear system. The simulation of the mass conservation equation is made by using high order conservation laws scheme. The validation of this model Dynamo is obtained by a comparison with the 2D Striation model. In the second part, we are interested in tokamak plasma. We extract from TOKAM3D model, a 2D nonlinear energy balance equation containing all the numerical difficulties. Standard numerical methods are very CPU consuming, thus we develop an implicit-explicit scheme shown efficient and stable for this type of problem. Finally, this scheme is combined with dimensional splitting method for the discretization and numerical experiments are then presented
Habchi, Ouazna. "Saccades oculaires, adaptation sensori-motrice et attention visuo-spatiale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10328/document.
Full textThe interaction of human beings with their static or dynamic environment requires detailed and precise exploration of objects. For this, our oculomotor system produces fast and accurate eye movements called "saccades" to bring the image of objects of interest on the small central area of the retina (fovea). However, our oculomotor system is frequently exposed to physiological or pathological disturbances. These changes are continuously monitored by sensorimotor processes based on neuronal plasticity and called "saccadic adaptation". The aim of my thesis is to better understand the characteristics of this adaptation and its long-term retention but also the neural networks involved in saccadic adaptation. As saccadic eye movements are closely related to visuo-spatial attention our work has also addressed the interactions that may exist with the networks involved in the control of visuo-spatial attention. A major result revealed that the orientation of the 'covert' exogenous attention -without moving the eyes- in detection and discrimination tasks is improved after adaptation of reactive saccades. These basic data could give rise to the development of new rehabilitation methods in visual-attention deficits
Viswanathan, Jayalakshmi. "Quand le bruit nous éclaire : une étude sur les mécanismes de la perception et de la mémoire à long-terme pour des stimuli auditifs sans signification." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30334/document.
Full textHumans are able to detect acoustic features in Gaussian noise. Researchers recently used repeating noise segments [cyclic noises (CNs), presenting a segment of noise several times back to back] to investigate long-term sensory memory (Agus et al., 2010). They asked participants to discriminate CNs from plain noise, while implicitly presenting them with a few target CNs several times. The results demonstrated long-term memory for such sounds, which have raised several further questions. First, the robustness of memory for implicitly learned Gaussian sounds was tested using a similar paradigm. Participants' recognition memory was tested by presenting them with looped and scrambled (10 or 20-ms bin size) versions of target CNs 4 weeks post-learning. Our results suggest that neurons might code for very small bits of acoustic information (10 ms). Next, the spatial correlates of memory, specifically, the role of subcortical areas in storing auditory patterns was investigated. Using the same paradigm, participants performed the testing session during fMRI scanning. Implicit memory for target CNs was demonstrated and functional contrasts implicate the Medial Geniculate body and hippocampus. Lastly, we explored the mechanisms and resolution limits of this memory. Participants were presented with CNs in one ear and plain noise in the other ear, and had to localize the CN. Implicit and explicit memory for target CNs was tested 4 weeks later. Although participants lacked conscious memory, they were better at localizing target 10-ms CNs than novel CNs, even with 8 repeats (80 ms). Altogether we demonstrate: 1) the ability to learn and store short acoustic patterns (10 ms); 2) this memory is sub-cortical, in regions implicated in perception of sounds; and 3) these results are compatible with an STDP model of learning
Baklouti, Morched. "Etude comparative de différentes méthodes utilisées pour la modélisation dynamique des robots manipulateurs." Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/35a2b0cc-b9e1-4ebd-b61d-bffd3d6fb0b2.
Full textPélissier, Maud. "Effets d'entrainements explicites et implicites sur l'acquisition de la syntaxe de l'anglais par des apprenants francophones : étude en potentiels évoqués." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC091/document.
Full textThis work examines the effect of learning conditions on the evolution of the neurocognitive mechanisms used by French speakers to process a second language (English). We used behavioural (acceptability judgments) and electrophysiological (event-related potentials) measures. Two types of training were compared, designed to reflect two learning situations : through exposure (implicit learning) or instruction (explicit learning).Two experiments were conducted. In the first one (E1), we studied how our trainings affected the processing of morphosyntactic violations working in a similar or conflictual way in the L2 and L1 of our participants. In the second experiment (E2), we tried to reduce the bias towards explicit learning entailed by the presence of violations, by studying how learners process temporary syntactic anomalies triggered by prosody-syntax mismatches.Results show a beneficial effect for both types of training. Explicit learning proved to be slightly more effective in improving the processing of a coflictual structure. In E2 it reduced the impact of individual abilities. E1 confirmed that the level of attention to grammaticality affects the nature and amplitude of ERP components. In E2, implicit training was linked to a faster and more automatic processing of incongruities.This research confirms that learning conditions can affect L2 processing even in a short time and for intermediate learners, but underlines the importance of reducing the biases towards explicit processing that are inherent to the EEG violation paradigm
Waminya, Richard. "De la conceptualisation implicite du nombre et des figures géométriques dans la culture drehu à leur conceptualisation explicite dans les mathématiques à l'école : étude exploratoire des interactions suscitées par les deux conceptualisations et de leurs effets à partir d'approches pédagogique, didactique et ethnomathématique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20097/document.
Full textIn the disciplinary field of mathematics, the student Drehu has difficulty to master the knowledge taught. But in his daily life, he is surrounded by practices and cultural productions that present mathematical concepts that are studied in class. It notes that the low performance in mathematical activities are most often due to difficulties in adapting teaching methods of teachers or the assimilation of mathematical concepts. How, therefore, help these young drehu, from a cultural environment where the concepts are perceived implicitly, to integrate in a school environment where they are referred to? Taking account of the conceptualization of number and geometrical figures into the culture Drehu allows teachers to know how to teach math concepts implicit in the sociocultural environment of the child and especially the teaching methods developed by him. These socio-cultural contributions help the teacher to appropriate teaching strategies that promote better learning of mathematical concepts by students at school Drehu. These cultural knowledge serve as didactic crutch in the learning of school knowledge
Ngo, Mbai Gweth Ndjicki Mireille. "Discours sur les femmes et discours de femmes : une analyse ethno-sociopragmatique de l'Implicite dans quelques pièces du théâtre camerounais francophone." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458238.
Full textAguerre, Sandrine. "Centration sur l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère, le français : grammaires et représentations métalinguistiques." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628351.
Full textDemay, Charles. "Modélisation et simulation d'écoulements transitoires diphasiques eau-air dans les circuits hydrauliques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM100/document.
Full textThe present work is dedicated to the mathematical and numerical modelling of transient air-water flows in pipes which occur in piping systems of several industrial areas such as nuclear or hydroelectric power plants or sewage pipelines. It deals more specifically with the so-called mixed flows which involve stratified regimes driven by slow gravity waves, pressurized or dry regimes (pipe full of water or air) driven by fast acoustic waves and entrapped air pockets. An accurate modelling of these flows is necessary to guarantee the operability of the related hydraulic system. While most of available models in the literature focus on the water phase neglecting the air phase, a compressible two-layer model which accounts for air-water interactions is proposed herein. The derivation process relies on a depth averaging of the isentropic Euler set of equations for both phases where the hydrostatic constraint is applied on the water pressure gradient. The resulting system is hyperbolic and satisfies an entropy inequality in addition to other significant mathematical properties, including the uniqueness of jump conditions and the positivity of heights and densities for each layer. Regarding the discrete level, the simulation of mixed flows with the compressible two-layer model raises key challenges due to the discrepancy of wave speeds characterizing each regime combined with the fast underlying relaxation processes and with phase vanishing when the flow becomes pressurized or dry. Thus, an implicit-explicit fractional step method is derived. It relies on the fast pressure relaxation in addition to a mimetic approach with the shallow water equations for the slow dynamics of the water phase. In particular, a relaxation method provides stabilization terms activated according to the flow regime. Several test cases are performed and attest the ability of the compressible two-layer model to deal with mixed flows in pipes involving air pocket entrapment
Delalondre, Fabien. "Modélisation et étude 3D des phénomènes adiabatiques dans les procédés de mise en forme à grande vitesse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408755/en/.
Full textGokpi, Kossivi. "Modélisation et Simulation des Ecoulements Compressibles par la Méthode des Eléments Finis Galerkin Discontinus." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3005/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to deal with compressible Navier-Stokes flows discretized by Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Elements Methods. Several aspects has been considered. One is to show the optimal convergence of the DGFEM method when using high order polynomial. Second is to design shock-capturing methods such as slope limiters and artificial viscosity to suppress numerical oscillation occurring when p>0 schemes are used. Third aspect is to design an a posteriori error estimator for adaptive mesh refinement in order to optimize the mesh in the computational domain. And finally, we want to show the accuracy and the robustness of the DG method implemented when we reach very low mach numbers. Usually when simulating compressible flows at very low mach numbers at the limit of incompressible flows, there occurs many kind of problems such as accuracy and convergence of the solution. To be able to run low Mach number problems, there exists solution like preconditioning. This method usually modifies the Euler. Here the Euler equations are not modified and with a robust time scheme and good boundary conditions imposed one can have efficient and accurate results
Al-Mohaya, Essam. "L'explicitation en traduction. Une étude de cas : la traduction du Monde Diplomatique en arabe durant la période 2001-2011." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030053/document.
Full textThe present thesis explores the concept of explicitation in translation and the implementation of this strategy on a large corpus of Arabic translations of “Le Monde Diplomatique” (MD) from 2001 to 2011. The argument revolves around five central questions: What is explicitation? What is explicitated? Why? For whom? and How? To carry out this investigation, a conceptual framework was developed of which The Interpretive Theory of Translation (TIT) forms the basis, with other translational approaches contributing additional conceptual and methodological tools. In the light of previous research, we have first attempted to redefine the concept of explicitation in order to determine the distinctive features of this strategy as well as its theoretical foundations. Then, we have focused on the analysis of about 5000 examples of explicitation from MD in their context. Through the discursive analysis of the reasons why the translators of MD decided to apply explicitation, we have identified five main issues that justify the strategy and six techniques by which the translators apply it to Arabic texts. Finally, five translational maxims are proposed that optimize the application of explicitation so as to enable readers in the target language easy access to the meaning of the source text. Our conclusion is that when the explicitation strategy is applied in this way, the result is similar to marquetry with supplementary, but above all strictly relevant information inlaid into the text. It is all about ‘common sense’
Gérald, Sophie. "Méthode de Galerkin Discontinue et intégrations explicites-implicites en temps basées sur un découplage des degrés de liberté : Applications au système des équations de Navier-Stokes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943621.
Full textAddou, Touria. "Mécanismes psychophysiques et neuronaux de la compensation dynamique de multiples champs de force : facilitation et anticipation liée à des indices de couleur." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15996.
Full textIn this thesis, we addressed motor control by two experimental approaches: psychophysical studies in human subjects and neurophysiological recordings in non-human primates. We identified unresolved issues concerning interference in motor learning during adaptation of subjects to two or more anti-correlated force fields. We designed paradigms in which arbitrary color stimuli provided contextual cues that allowed subjects to predict the nature of impending external force fields before encountering them physically during arm movements. This contextual knowledge helped to facilitate adaptation to the force fields by reducing this interference. According to one computational model of motor learning (MOdular Selection And Identification model for Control; MOSAIC), the color context cues made it easier for subjects to build “internal models” of each force field, to recall them and to switch between them with minimal interference. In our first experiment, four groups of human subjects performed elbow flexion/extension movements against two anti-correlated viscous force fields. We combined two different colors for the computer monitor background with two forces: resistive (Vr) and assistive (Va). The first two groups were control subjects. In those subjects, the color of the computer monitor changed at regular intervals but the force field remained constant; Vr was presented to the first group while the second group only experienced Va. As a result, the color cues were irrelevant in the two control groups. All control subjects adapted well to the single experienced force field (Vr or Va). In the two experimental groups, in contrast, the anti-correlated force fields and the monitor colors changed repeatedly between short blocks of trials. In the first experimental group (Reliable-cue subjects), there was a consistent relationship between the force and the stimulus (color of the monitor) - the red colour always signalled the resistive force while the green colour always signalled the assistive force. Adaptation to the two anti-correlated forces for the Reliable-cue group was significant during 10 days of training and almost as good as in the Irrelevant-cue groups who only experienced one of the two force fields. Furthermore, the Reliable-cue subjects quickly demonstrated predictive adaptive changes in their motor output whenever the monitor color changed, even during their first day of training, showing that they could use the reliable color context cues to recall the appropriate motor skills. In contrast, the monitor color also changed regularly between red and green in the second experimental group, but the force fields were not consistently associated with the color cue (Unreliable-cue group). These subjects took longer to adapt to the two force fields than the other three groups, and could not use the unreliable color cue change to make predictive changes to their motor output. Nevertheless, all Unreliable-cue subjects developed an ingenious strategy of making a specific “default” arm movement to probe the type of force field they would encounter in the first trial after the monitor color changed and used the proprioceptive feedback about the nature of the field to make appropriate predictive changes to their motor output for the next few trials, until the monitor color changed again, signifying the possibility of a change in force fields. This strategy was effective since the force remained constant in each short block of trials while the monitor color remained unchanged. This showed that the Unreliable-cue subjects were able to extract implicit and explicit information about the structure of the task from the color stimuli and use that knowledge to reduce interference when adapting to anti-correlated forces. The results of this first study encouraged us to advance our understanding of how subjects can recall multiple motor skills coupled to color context stimuli can be recalled, and how this phenomenon can be reflected by the neuronal activity in monkeys. Our aim was to elucidate how neurons of primary motor cortex (M1) can contribute to adaptive compensation for a wide range of different external forces during single-joint elbow flexion/extension movements. At the same time, we aimed to test the hypothesis evoked in the MOSAIC model, whereby multiple controller modules located in the cerebellum may predict each context and produce appropriate adaptive output signals for a small range of task conditions. Also, according to this hypothesis, M1 neurons may receive inputs from many specialized cerebellar controllers and show appropriate response modulations for a wide range of task conditions. We trained two monkeys to adapt their flexion/extension elbow movements against 5 different force-field conditions: null field without any external force disturbance, two anti-correlated viscous forces (assistive and resistive), which depended on movement speed and resembled that used in the human psychophysical study, a resistive elastic force which depended on elbow-joint position and finally, a visco-elastic field that was the linear sum of the elastic and viscous forces field. Each force field was reliably coupled to 5 different computer monitor background colors. The monkeys properly adapted to the 5 different force-field conditions and used the color context cues to recall the corresponding motor skill for the force field associated with each color, so that they could make predictive changes to their motor output before they physically encountered the force fields. EMG recordings eliminated the possibility that a co-contraction strategy was used by the monkeys to adapt to the force fields, since the EMG patterns were appropriate to compensate for each force-field condition. In parallel, M1 neurons showed systematic changes in their activity at the single-neuron and population level in each force-field condition that could signal the required changes in the direction, magnitude and time course of muscle force output required to compensate for the 5 force-field conditions. The patterns of response changes in each force field were consistent enough across M1 neurons to suggest that most M1 neurons contributed to the compensation for all force field conditions, in line with the predictions of the MOSAIC model. Also, these response changes do not support a strongly modular organization for M1.
Karenova, Kristyna. "Contraintes syntaxiques et sémantiques sur l'intensification implicite: un cas non standard de la construction intensive de conséquence." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43613.
Full textTchernigovskaïa, Marina. "La compréhension et le réemploi du vocabulaire suite à un enseignement par ordinateur à l'aide des définitions versus à l'aide des concordances." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1155/1/M10275.pdf.
Full textMorissette, Laurence. "Expérience comportementale et modélisation par réseau neuronal des différences entre les processus de catégorisation par règles logiques et par ressemblance familiale." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5194.
Full textOur present research was twofold. First, we conducted a study of the differences in the categorization processes between explicit (verbalizable) and implicit (nonverbalizable) tasks. The differentiation was done in term of difficulty and time necessary to learn the rule of the category for family resemblance, conjunctive and disjunctive rules. We then used a neural network to model the categorization and had it complete the same tasks. The comparison between the two gave us insight into how (and if) the network can be used as a model of human categorization. The empirical data confirmed an effect of familiarity and typicality, as supported by previous studies, and we confirmed that the disjunctive task was the hardest to learn for humans while our results point toward the family resemblance task as being the easiest. The modelization by the neural network was partially successful at best but we present options that could permit a next generation neural network to model the categorization process truthfully