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1

Koornstra, Matthijs J. "Risk-adaptation theory." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 12, no. 1 (January 2009): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2008.08.002.

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Selten, Reinhard. "Aspiration Adaptation Theory." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 42, no. 2-3 (June 1998): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmps.1997.1205.

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3

Collard, Christophe. "Adaptation in transition." English Text Construction 4, no. 1 (May 4, 2011): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.4.1.02col.

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Adaptations, currently the best-known example of intersemiotic translation, more often than not are addressed in the disingenuous terms of ‘fidelity,’ ‘parasitism,’ or ‘solipsism.’ Although it seems a truism that adaptations adapt a ‘text’ from one discursive field to another, such a straightforward causality conflicts with the notion of ‘discursive field’ in which it is wont to occur. Moreover, the adaptation presented as adaptation loses its referential effect when the receiver is unacquainted with the material transposed. Together both issues — i.e. linearity and referentiality — in fact account for most of the misconceptions about the paradoxical phenomenon that is adaptation. This essay therefore proposes a semiological argument aimed at providing a better understanding of the discursive mechanisms at work in adaptational practice.
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Dzhumaylo, Olga A. "BOOKS ON ADAPTATION STUDIES." Practices & Interpretations: A Journal of Philology, Teaching and Cultural Studies 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2415-8852-2020-3-176-187.

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The article off ers a review of books on the theory of adaptation, including collective monographs edited by well-known cultural theorists Linda Hutchen (“A Th eory of Adaptation” (2013)), Deborah Cartmell (“Teaching Adaptations” (2014)), and Th omas Leitch (“Th e Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies” (2017)), which in recent years have clarifi ed their positions on the theory of adaptation in connection with the rapid spread of diff erent types and genres of adaptation in contemporary convergent environment. Th is situation directs the Adaptation Studies themselves from traditional “literary and fi lm” studies towards Intermedia Studies and Media Studies. In a new way, the “fi delity” issue, the nature of the prototext, the cultural assessment of the adaptation, the problem of author, and the role of the audience and fandom in the creation and franchising of various adaptations are formulated. Th e socio-cultural and media aspects come to the fore, forcing us to think about adaptation in the categories of evolutionary and environmentalist theory.
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5

Arriola, Joyce. "A Review of Received/Dominant/Western Film Adaptation Literatures, Or The Possibilities for a (De-Westernized) Filipino Theory." Plaridel 15, no. 2 (December 2018): 157–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2018.15.2-06jariol.

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First, as part of a longer work on theorizing Filipino adaptation, this study discusses extant samples of komiks-to-film adaptations in the 1950s. The study reviews received/dominant/Western adaptation literatures that have dominated the field. Secondly, it argues for the following points as a springboard to construct a theory of adaptation: The limits of received/dominant/Western film adaptation theory dominating postcolonial cinemas such as the Philippines; The need to de-Westernize theory or to indigenize Filipino film adaptation theory; and To recognize constructs and formulate concepts from historical and cultural Filipino realities to inform the theory. This study is a meta-theoretical discussion that will begin the construction of a Filipino film adaptation theory.
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Whittington, William. "A Theory of Adaptation." Comparative Literature Studies 45, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/complitstudies.45.3.0404.

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7

Hesketh, A., and D. V. M. Bishop. "Agrammatism and adaptation theory." Aphasiology 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039608248398.

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8

Song, Woo Jin. "셰익스피어 『햄릿』의 “몰인격” 테마와 BBC <햄릿>의 현대적 변용." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 27, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2022.27.3.261.

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If one is to inherit a theatrical text to let it survive throughout time, there is a twofold task to be committed: in Roland Barthes’s terms, preserving its studium and at the same time devising its new punctum; in other words, maintaining consistency of the work without seriously ravaging it on one hand, and on the other, ingeniously appreciating the work to save it from repeated reception without any peculiar variation. In the case of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the prince Hamlet as a character with inward personality has been a punctum since the seventeenth century. However, now that such concepts as the unconscious or psychology have become so familiar a concept to the contemporary, Hamlet’s personality is hardly effective as a punctum. Alternately, the concept of impersonality in Hamlet is now new to us, hence a new punctum of the play. In this perspective, the foundational story of Hamlet is not the tragic drama itself, but rather the positionality of the prince Hamlet in Elsinore, that is, personality versus impersonality. Gregory Doran’s Hamlet (2009), produced by BBC in collaboration with Royal Shakespeare Company, provides an example of alternate reading of Hamlet by suggesting surveillance technology as the embodiment of impersonality in the play.
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9

Gardner, Andy. "The purpose of adaptation." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20170005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0005.

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A central feature of Darwin's theory of natural selection is that it explains the purpose of biological adaptation. Here, I: emphasize the scientific importance of understanding what adaptations are for, in terms of facilitating the derivation of empirically testable predictions; discuss the population genetical basis for Darwin's theory of the purpose of adaptation, with reference to Fisher's ‘fundamental theorem of natural selection'; and show that a deeper understanding of the purpose of adaptation is achieved in the context of social evolution, with reference to inclusive fitness and superorganisms.
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10

Seo, Seong-Eun. "Theory of Storytelling Adaptation Types." Humanities Contents 55 (December 31, 2019): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.18658/humancon.2019.12.91.

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11

Hanafi, Hind. "Adaptation Theory : The Current Foci." الأثر, no. 17 (January 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0008927.

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12

Munakata, Toyonori, and Satoshi Oyama. "Adaptation and linear-response theory." Physical Review E 54, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 4394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.4394.

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13

Urcia, Ivan Aldrich. "Comparisons of Adaptations in Grounded Theory and Phenomenology: Selecting the Specific Qualitative Research Methodology." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 2021): 160940692110454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069211045474.

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The most widely used qualitative research methodologies are grounded theory and phenomenology. Both methodologies have expanded over time to several adaptations aligning with different paradigms, complex philosophical assumptions, and varying methodological strategies. Novice researchers either mistakenly mix the strategies of both methodologies or blend specific assumptions of methodologies’ different adaptations. Choosing the appropriate methodology and the specific adaptation in line with research inquiry and congruent with the researchers’ worldview is crucial in undertaking rigorous qualitative study. To date, there is limited literature that compared and contrasted the varying philosophical underpinnings of the two methodologies’ different adaptations. The purpose of this methodological paper is to provide a general overview of the two methodologies’ different adaptations to illustrate how they differ in approach. By immersing into the origins, philosophical assumptions, and utility of the two methodologies’ adaptations, novice researchers will develop a general overview of the foundations that support those specific adaptations. Finally, the considerations in choosing a specific adaptation of a methodology are discussed and applied by underpinning a research question on the care experiences of patients in the Accountable Care Unit. Thus, this methodological paper may assist novice researchers in deciding which specific adaptation of the two methodologies is the appropriate qualitative methodology for their research.
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14

Faubert, P. "'Perfect Picture Material': Anthony Adverse and the Future of Adaptation Theory." Adaptation 4, no. 2 (November 22, 2010): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apq018.

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15

Marazi, Katerina. "Brand Identity, Adaptation, and Media Franchise Culture." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2015-0012.

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Abstract In spite of the noticeable practices within the field of Adaptation, Adaptation theory seems to be lagging behind whilst perpetuating various fallacies. Geoffrey Wagner’s types of Adaptation and Kamilla Elliott’s proposed concepts for examining adaptations have proved useful but due to their general applicability they seem to perpetuate the fallacies existing within the field of Adaptation. This article will propose a context-specific concept pertaining to Media Franchise Culture for the purpose of examining Adaptations and re-assessing long-held debates concerning the Original, the Content/Form debate and Fidelity issues that cater to the twelve fallacies discussed by Thomas Leitch.
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16

Kennedy-Karpat, Colleen. "Adaptation and Nostalgia." Adaptation 13, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apaa025.

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Abstract This essay highlights the shared critical terrain of adaptation and nostalgia: how they critically juxtapose the past with the present, and how they underscore the impossibility of return while also relying on prior experience. It also explores nostalgia’s effect on personal responses to adaptations and its interaction with textual form. Drawing from various areas of literary, media, and performance studies, including film adaptations of children’s literature, Watchmen and its screen adaptations, and Disney’s live-action remakes, this essay underscores how both nostalgia and adaptation are inherently multivalent concepts, and how they each rely on perspective to generate critical meaning.
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17

Fangde Liu, R. Southern, Shihui Guo, Xiaosong Yang, and J. J. Zhang. "Motion Adaptation With Motor Invariant Theory." IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 43, no. 3 (June 2013): 1131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2224920.

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18

Leitch, Thomas M. "Twelve Fallacies in Contemporary Adaptation Theory." Criticism 45, no. 2 (2003): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crt.2004.0001.

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19

Fouks, Jean-Denis. "Towards an algorithmic theory of adaptation." Theoretical Computer Science 223, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(97)00211-9.

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20

Grzywacz, Norberto M., and Joaquín de Juan. "Sensory adaptation as Kalman filtering: theory and illustration with contrast adaptation." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 14, no. 3 (January 2003): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_14_3_305.

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21

Parody, C. "Adaptation Essay Prize Winner: Franchising/Adaptation." Adaptation 4, no. 2 (July 11, 2011): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apr008.

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22

Primorac, Antonija. "VICTORIAN LITERATURE AND FILM ADAPTATION." Victorian Literature and Culture 45, no. 2 (May 5, 2017): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150316000711.

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“The book was nothing likethe film,” complained one of my students about a week or so after the premiere of Tim Burton'sAlice in Wonderland(2010). Barely able to contain his disgust, he added: “I expected it to be as exciting as the film, but it turned out to be dull – and it appeared to be written for children!” Stunned with the virulence of his reaction, I thought how much his response to the book mirrored – as if through a looking glass – that most common of complaints voiced by many reviewers and overheard in book lovers’ discussions of film adaptations: “not as good as the book.” Both views reflect the hierarchical approach to adaptations traditionally employed by film studies and literature studies respectively. While adaptations of Victorian literature have been used – with more or less enthusiasm – as teaching aides as long as user-friendly video formats were made widely available, it is only recently that film adaptation started to be considered as an object of academic study in its own right and on an equal footing with works of literature (or, for that matter, films based on original screenplays). Adaptation studies came into its own in early twenty-first century on the heels of valuable work done by scholars such as Brian McFarlane (1996), Deborah Cartmell and Imelda Whelehan (1999), James Naremore (2000), Robert Stam (2000), Sarah Cardwell (2002), and Kamilla Elliott (2003) which paved the way for a consideration of film adaptations beyond the fidelity debate. The field was solidified with the establishment in 2006 of the UK-based Association of Literature on Screen Association (called Association of Adaptation Studies from 2008) and the inception of its journalAdaptation, published by Oxford University Press, in 2008. Interdisciplinary in nature, the field primarily brought together literature and film scholars who insisted that adaptations were more than lamentably unfaithful or vulgar versions of literature mired in popular culture and market issues on the one hand, or merely derivative, impure cinema on the other. The foundational tenets of adaptation studies therefore included a non-judgemental and non-hierarchical approach to the relationship between the text and its adaptation, and a keen awareness of film production contexts. These vividly illustrate the field's move away from discussing fidelity to the “original” which, thanks to the work of Linda Hutcheon (2006), started to be increasingly referred to simply as “adapted text.” Hutcheon's book came out at the same time as another foundational monograph on the subject, Julie Sanders'sAdaptation and Appropriation(2005) which contributed to the debate through its focus on intertextual links and the palimpsestuous nature of adaptations, in which debate on fidelity was substituted with the analysis of the distance between the text and its adaptation(s).
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23

Nichols, Glen. "Interpreting Multi-text Analysis: Is a Theory of Adaptation Possible?" Theatre Research in Canada 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.13.1.152.

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The multi-level problems associated with the transformation of dramatic texts from one cultural context to another are examined in this paper, with reference to adaptations of popular European plays made specifically for use by all-male amateur groups in Quebec at the end of the 19th century. Some suggestions are offered concerning the general kinds of information to be gleaned from close multi-text analysis, the specific cultural indicators gatheredfrom this particular study, and the possibility of developing a usable 'theory of adaptation.'
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24

Gardner, Andy. "Adaptation as organism design." Biology Letters 5, no. 6 (September 30, 2009): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0674.

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The problem of adaptation is to explain the apparent design of organisms. Darwin solved this problem with the theory of natural selection. However, population geneticists, whose responsibility it is to formalize evolutionary theory, have long neglected the link between natural selection and organismal design. Here, I review the major historical developments in theory of organismal adaptation, clarifying what adaptation is and what it is not, and I point out future avenues for research.
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25

Meikle, Kyle. "Adaptation Essay Prize Winner: Towards an Adaptation Network." Adaptation 6, no. 3 (September 7, 2013): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apt015.

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26

Cartmell, D., T. Corrigan, and I. Whelehan. "Introduction to Adaptation." Adaptation 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apn015.

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27

Leitch, T. "Adaptation, the Genre." Adaptation 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apn018.

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28

Nicklas, Pascal, and Sibylle Baumbach. "Adaptation and Perception." Adaptation 11, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apy009.

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29

ITO, Satoshi, Hideo YUASA, and Masami ITO. "An Adaptation Theory in Autonomous Decentralized Systems." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 35, no. 5 (1999): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.35.684.

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30

Rose, Randall A. "Organizational adaptation from a rules theory perspective." Western Journal of Speech Communication 49, no. 4 (December 30, 1985): 322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570318509374205.

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31

Hulburt, Edward M. "Theory of adaptation: application of symbolic logic." Ecological Modelling 107, no. 1 (March 1998): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(97)00199-3.

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32

Low, Mark G., and T. Tony Cai. "An adaptation theory for nonparametric confidence intervals." Annals of Statistics 32, no. 5 (October 2004): 1805–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000049.

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33

Sadoff, Dianne F. "A Theory of Adaptation (review)." University of Toronto Quarterly 78, no. 1 (2009): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.0.0368.

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34

Travisano, Michael. "Evolution: Towards a genetical theory of adaptation." Current Biology 11, no. 11 (June 2001): R440—R442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00255-x.

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35

William Whittington. "A Theory of Adaptation (review)." Comparative Literature Studies 45, no. 3 (2008): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0043.

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36

Rosenfeld, Avi, and Sarit Kraus. "Modeling agents based on aspiration adaptation theory." Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 24, no. 2 (December 4, 2010): 221–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-010-9158-x.

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37

Allen, John S. "“Theory of food” as a neurocognitive adaptation." American Journal of Human Biology 24, no. 2 (January 19, 2012): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22209.

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38

Shafiq, Sundas, and Nadia Anwar. "Raees as Macbeth-A transcultural adaptation." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, no. 4 (May 8, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n4.901.

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Literary adaptation is a process, which reproduces the pre-existent literary piece of work into a series of altering characters, settings, actions, and storylines. Adaptations of canonical texts of great authors such as Shakespeare had won the universal dignity. By using Hutcheon’s adaptation theory, this research aimed to scrutinize the impact of the transcultural adaptations of Macbeth as Raees by Government College University Dramatic Club, Lahore. The reception of Shakespeare as the manifestation of the British culture involved many social, cultural, and political factors that were analyzed in this research by using Hutcheon’s concept of "indigenization" (2103:150). I had collected data from source texts, scripts, articles, interviews, observations, questionnaires, and group discussions. The Government College University Dramatic Club, Lahore team made the variations in the text to make it appropriate to the native/local culture. These variations were significant in making the transcultural adaptation as a success in the native culture.
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39

Schwanebeck, Wieland. "Introduction: Adaptation as Revision." Adaptation 15, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apac001.

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Abstract This is a brief introduction to the special issue on ‘Adaptation as Revision’, which argues for the concept of revision (as opposed to appropriations or spinoffs) to characterize adaptations that go ‘against the grain’, i.e. against the premise of the original.
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40

Moore, M. R. "Adaptation and New Media." Adaptation 3, no. 2 (August 2, 2010): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apq010.

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41

Provorov, Nikolay A., and Sergey V. Mylnikov. "Genetic mechanisms of individual and cooperative adaptations." Ecological genetics 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2007): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen5125-30.

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The purpose of the course "Genetic mechanisms of individual and cooperative adaptation" (12 semester 18 hours) - is to provide students with a broad view in population mechanisms of the different types of adaptation. The problem of the course consists in benchmark analysis of the ways and mechanisms of the origin of these adaptations, as well as in their possible macroevolution consequence. The individual adaptation is considered on model of stressful influence on populations. Cooperative adaptation is considered basically on model of symbiosis, whose formation associates with origin of new traits, which greatly increase evolution potential of biological species. The course develops the knowledge obtained from prerequisite courses, such as "General genetics" "Symbiogenetics", "General ecology" and "Theory of evolution".
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42

Sandika, Edria. "Medium Specificities of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson: Marvel Comic, Video Game, and Korean TV Drama." Vivid: Journal of Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.9.2.37-43.2020.

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This study analyzes Medium Specificities found in the adaptations of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde This study uses Linda Hutcheon’s theory of adaptation focuses on medium specificity in engaging audiences and the process of repetition but not replication. This study found three adaptation works of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde fulfilled the process of repetition but not replication from their textual transformations and innovations occurred in the works.
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Sandika, Edria. "Medium Specificities of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson: Marvel Comic, Video Game, and Korean TV Drama." Vivid: Journal of Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.9.2.37-43.2020.

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This study analyzes Medium Specificities found in the adaptations of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde This study uses Linda Hutcheon’s theory of adaptation focuses on medium specificity in engaging audiences and the process of repetition but not replication. This study found three adaptation works of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde fulfilled the process of repetition but not replication from their textual transformations and innovations occurred in the works.
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44

Gheorghe, Cezar. "Crossing Borders in Film Theory and Adaptation Studies." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 7, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2021.12.09.

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The history of film theory is full of what we might call migrating concepts. From the Russian Formalists which, in their Poetica Kino (Poetics of cinema) adapt concepts initially created as part of literary theory (fabula vs. syuzhet, film as language, cine-stylistics) to David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson and their formalist inspired approach to film studies, from André Bazin and his theory of realism, inspired by phenomenological concepts, the history of film theory can be thought of as a genealogy of crossing borders. The circulation of concepts from literary theory to film theory is also quite astonishing in the theory of adaptation. In the study of the adaptation of literary works for cinema, the travel of concepts (the crossing of borders) can be observed and analysed especially in narrative theory and adaption theory.
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45

Kim, Jisoon, and Sukhee Ahn. "A menopausal transition model based on transition theory." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 28, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2022.08.16.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a hypothetical model based on Meleis and colleagues’ Transition Theory and a literature review to explain women’s menopausal transition, constructing a modified model considering previous studies and model fit and testing the effects between variables.Methods: With a correlational survey design, middle-aged Korean women aged 40 to 64 years who had experienced menopausal symptoms were recruited and filled out a self-administered study questionnaire. Measures included menopausal symptoms, resilience, social support, menopause management, menopause adaptation, and quality of life. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0.Results: The model fit indices were considered acceptable: χ2/degree of freedom=2.93, standardized root mean residual=.07, comparative fit index=.90, and parsimonious normed fit index=.73. All eight direct-effect paths—from menopausal symptoms to support and adaptation, from support to adaptation and resilience, from resilience to adaptation and management, from management to quality of life, and from adaptation to quality of life—were significant. The explanatory power of the menopause transition model was 63.6%.Conclusion: Women who experience menopausal symptoms may be able to maintain and improve their quality of life if menopause management and menopause adaptation are successful through resilience and social support. Future research is needed to confirm whether strengthening facilitation as a nursing intervention strategy may promote healthy response patterns.
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Cobb, S. "Adaptation, Fidelity, and Gendered Discourses." Adaptation 4, no. 1 (August 11, 2010): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apq011.

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47

Giannakopoulou, Vasso. "Introduction: Intersemiotic Translation as Adaptation." Adaptation 12, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apz023.

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48

Alekseev, M. A., K. A. Zaykov, and E. V. Freydina. "Organismic approach to developing a theory of adaptation of socio-economic systems." Economics and Management 28, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2022-3-226-239.

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Aim. The presented study aims to lay the theoretical foundations of adaptation of socio-economic systems, taking as initial knowledge the principles and laws of evolution of living systems and the identified elements of isomorphism between the classes of systems under consideration.Tasks. The authors identify the signs of isomorphism of adaptive properties of biological and socio-economic systems; describe the evolution of methodologies used for their studies using an organismic approach within the framework of development of scientific rationality; substantiate and formulate the bionic principles of adaptation of systems based on a synthesis of the concept of cybernetics and the laws of evolution of biological systems; develop a typology of adaptation of socio-economic systems; propose a model of a robust management mechanism, which includes a certain set of adaptive regulators (homeostasis and homeostatic space) for all types of systemic adaptation.Methods. The development of insights into the adaptation of socio-economic systems on the basis of an organismic approach to its cognition as an analog of an organism with immanently inherent abilities to adapt makes it possible to define the concept of adaptation as "compensatory adaptation". Adaptation is considered as a property of systems that allows them to enter a certain stable state that ensures growth (quantitative changes), development (qualitative changes), and "mutation" (information changes and selection of reactions to exposure) at various stages of their life cycle. Bionic principles serve as initial knowledge for managing the adaptation process. According to the established scientific ideas about the adaptation of biological systems, the types of adaptation of socio-economic systems attributed to systemic adaptation are identified. The implementation of its processes is entrusted to a robust control mechanism equipped with an evolutionary computing system.Results. Additional signs of isomorphism between socio-economic and biological systems are identified. Within the framework of the evolution of scientific rationality, a transition towards an organizational approach to the study of the essence of organizations is proposed. The definition of adaptation of socio-economic systems as a special form of compensatory adaptation is proposed. The bionic principles of adaptation of socio-economic systems that define the elements and connections of the information structure of the robust control mechanism are formulated and verified. A typology of adaptation of socio-economic systems is proposed. The capabilities of the control mechanism for the implementation of all types of adaptation with a special focus on genetic adaptation are substantiated.Conclusion. Introduction of the concept of "adaptation" as a compensatory adjustment of socioeconomic systems to changes sets up system management to search for means of compensation at the expense of the result of adaptation costs. Verification of bionic principles and discovery of a new type for organizational systems — genetic adaptation — is a challenge to the application of robust management, the mechanism of which is equipped with genetic algorithms and other tools of evolutionary computing.
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49

Javeline, Debra. "The Most Important Topic Political Scientists Are Not Studying: Adapting to Climate Change." Perspectives on Politics 12, no. 2 (April 4, 2014): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592714000784.

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Few, if any, political scientists currently study climate change adaptation or are even aware that there is a large and growing interdisciplinary field of study devoted not just to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions but to reducing our vulnerability to the now-inevitable impacts of climate change. The lack of political science expertise and research represents an obstacle for adapting to climate change, because adaptation is fundamentally political. Technical advances in adaptations for infrastructure, agriculture, public health, coastal protection, conservation, and other fields all depend on political variables for their implementation and effectiveness. For example, adaptation raises questions about political economy (adaptation costs money), political theory (adaptation involves questions of social justice), comparative politics (some countries more aggressively pursue adaptation), urban politics (some cities more aggressively pursue adaptation), regime type (democracies and authoritarian regimes may differently pursue adaptation), federalism (different levels of government may be involved), and several other fields of study including political conflict, international development, bureaucracy, migration, media, political parties, elections, civil society, and public opinion. I review the field of climate change adaptation and then explore the tremendous contributions that political scientists could make to adaptation research.
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50

McCrae, Robert R., and Angelina R. Sutin. "A Five–Factor Theory Perspective on Causal Analysis." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 3 (May 2018): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2134.

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Five–Factor Theory provides a broad but largely blank template for causal personality research. Within Five–Factor Theory, there are three major categories of questions: (1) how do biological structures and functions lead to trait levels? (2) how do traits and the environment give rise to acquired psychological institutions? and (3) how do personality characteristics interact with specific situations to determine behaviours and reactions? Both practical and ethical issues complicate the search for the causes of trait change. Causal explanations of the development of characteristic adaptations are likely to be incomplete, because there are many different ways in which the same adaptation may be acquired. Studies of the determinants of behaviour are usually left to social, educational, or clinical psychologists—although personality psychologists may make distinctive contributions by emphasizing the role of the individual in selecting and creating situations. A causal understanding of the functioning of the personality system is possible through the integration of many lines of evidence, but it is likely to take a very long time. In the meanwhile, personality psychologists may fruitfully pursue the identification of practical causes by which individuals with a given set of traits can optimize their adaptation. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology
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