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1
Angelopoulos, Konstantinos. "Optimal Adaptations over Multi-Dimensional Adaptation Spaces with a Spice of Control Theory." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368717.
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(Self-)Adaptive software systems monitor the status of their requirements and adapt when some of these requirements
are failing. The baseline for much of the research on adaptive software systems is the concept of a feedback loop mechanism that monitors the performance of a system relative to its requirements, determines root causes when there is failure, selects an adaptation, and carries it out. The degree of adaptivity of a software system critically depends on the space of possible adaptations supported (and implemented) by the system. The larger the space, the more adaptations a system is capable of. This thesis tackles the following questions: (a) How can we define multi-dimensional adaptation spaces that subsume proposals for requirements- and architecture-based adaptation spaces? (b) Given one of more failures, how can we select an optimal adaptation with respect to one or more objective functions? To answer the first question, we propose a design process for three-dimensional adaptation spaces, named the Three-Peaks Process, that iteratively elicits control and environmental parameters from requirements, architectures and behaviours for the system-to-be. For the second question, we propose three adaptation mechanisms. The first mechanism is founded on the assumption that only qualitative information is available about the impact of changes of the system's control parameters on its goals. The absence of quantitative information is mitigated by a new class of requirements, namely Adaptation Requirements, that impose constraints on the adaptation process itself and dictate policies about how conflicts among failing requirements must be handled.
The second mechanism assumes that there is quantitative information about the impact of changes of control parameters on the system’s goals and that the problem of finding an adaptation is formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The mechanism measures the degree of failure of each requirement and selects an adaptation that minimizes it along with other objective functions, such as cost. Optimal solutions are derived exploiting OMT/SMT (Optimization Modulo Theories/Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solvers.
The third mechanism operates under the assumption that the environment changes dynamically over time and the chosen adaptation has to take into account such changes. Towards this direction, we apply Model Predictive Control, a well-developed theory with myriads of successful applications in Control Theory. In our work, we rely on state-of-the-art system identification techniques to derive the dynamic relationship between requirements and possible adaptations and then propose the use of a controller that exploits this relationship to optimize the satisfaction of requirements relative to a cost-function. This adaptation mechanism can guarantee a certain level of requirements satisfaction over time, by dynamically composing adaptation strategies when necessary. Finally, each piece of our work is evaluated through experimentation using variations of the Meeting-Scheduler exemplar.
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Angelopoulos, Konstantinos. "Optimal Adaptations over Multi-Dimensional Adaptation Spaces with a Spice of Control Theory." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/608/1/PhD-Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
(Self-)Adaptive software systems monitor the status of their requirements and adapt when some of these requirements
are failing. The baseline for much of the research on adaptive software systems is the concept of a feedback loop mechanism that monitors the performance of a system relative to its requirements, determines root causes when there is failure, selects an adaptation, and carries it out. The degree of adaptivity of a software system critically depends on the space of possible adaptations supported (and implemented) by the system. The larger the space, the more adaptations a system is capable of. This thesis tackles the following questions: (a) How can we define multi-dimensional adaptation spaces that subsume proposals for requirements- and architecture-based adaptation spaces? (b) Given one of more failures, how can we select an optimal adaptation with respect to one or more objective functions? To answer the first question, we propose a design process for three-dimensional adaptation spaces, named the Three-Peaks Process, that iteratively elicits control and environmental parameters from requirements, architectures and behaviours for the system-to-be. For the second question, we propose three adaptation mechanisms. The first mechanism is founded on the assumption that only qualitative information is available about the impact of changes of the system's control parameters on its goals. The absence of quantitative information is mitigated by a new class of requirements, namely Adaptation Requirements, that impose constraints on the adaptation process itself and dictate policies about how conflicts among failing requirements must be handled.
The second mechanism assumes that there is quantitative information about the impact of changes of control parameters on the system’s goals and that the problem of finding an adaptation is formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The mechanism measures the degree of failure of each requirement and selects an adaptation that minimizes it along with other objective functions, such as cost. Optimal solutions are derived exploiting OMT/SMT (Optimization Modulo Theories/Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solvers.
The third mechanism operates under the assumption that the environment changes dynamically over time and the chosen adaptation has to take into account such changes. Towards this direction, we apply Model Predictive Control, a well-developed theory with myriads of successful applications in Control Theory. In our work, we rely on state-of-the-art system identification techniques to derive the dynamic relationship between requirements and possible adaptations and then propose the use of a controller that exploits this relationship to optimize the satisfaction of requirements relative to a cost-function. This adaptation mechanism can guarantee a certain level of requirements satisfaction over time, by dynamically composing adaptation strategies when necessary. Finally, each piece of our work is evaluated through experimentation using variations of the Meeting-Scheduler exemplar.
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Guertin, Caroline Aki Matsushita. "Suzuki Tadashi's Intercultural Adaptations." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32872.
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Contemporary theatre is increasingly visual, an aesthetic shift that has been analyzed in, among others, Hans-Thies Lehmann’s influential Postdramatic Theatre. This shift is apparent in Japanese director Tadashi Suzuki’s intercultural adaptations, which adapt plays of the Western repertoire for contemporary Japanese and international audiences in a style that is richly and evocatively visual. Notions drawn from postdramatic theatre, metatheatre and postcolonial theories are applied as framing devices to uncover the deep cultural and theatrical significance of Suzuki’s adaptive work.
My approach to analyzing the three case studies: Suzuki’s King Lear, The Trojan Women, and Cyrano de Bergerac takes a more globalized view of theatrical adaptations that acknowledges the visual turn of contemporary theatre and contributes to the fields of intercultural performance studies and adaptation studies by expanding the notion of interculturalism beyond the limits imposed by current Western analytical perspectives.
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Mahamed, Safraaz. "Chemoreflex adaptations to hypoxia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/MQ54186.pdf.
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Xu, Jue. "Adaptations in Speech Processing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23030.
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Wie sich die Sprachwahrnehmung an ständig eingehende Informationen anpasst, ist eine Schlüsselfrage in der Gedanken- und Gehirnforschung. Die vorliegende Dissertation zielt darauf ab, zum Verständnis von Anpassungen an die Sprecheridentität und Sprachfehler während der Sprachverarbeitung beizutragen und unser Wissen über die Rolle der kognitiven Kontrolle bei der Sprachverarbeitung zu erweitern. Zu diesem Zweck wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKPs, englisch: event-related potentials, ERPs) N400 und P600 in der Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) analysiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasste sich insbesondere mit der Frage nach der Anpassung an die Sprecheridentität bei der Verarbeitung von zwei Arten von Sprachfehlern (Xu, Abdel Rahman, & Sommer, 2019), und untersuchte die proaktive Anpassungen, die durch die Erkennung von Sprachfehlern (Xu, Abdel Rahman, & Sommer, 2021) und durch die Sprecher(dis)kontinuität über aufeinanderfolgende Sätze in Situationen mit mehreren Sprechern ausgelöst wurden (Xu, Abdel Rahman, & Sommer, 2021, in press). Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass unterschiedliche Sprachverarbeitungsstrategien entsprechend der Sprecheridentität von Muttersprachlern oder Nicht-Muttersprachlern und zwei verschiedenen Arten von Sprachfehlern angepasst wurden, was sich in unterschiedlichen N400- und P600-Effekten widerspiegelte. Darüber hinaus kann die Erkennung von Konflikten (Sprachfehler) und Sprecher(dis)kontinuität über aufeinanderfolgende Sätze hinweg eine proaktive kognitive Kontrolle erfordern, die die Verarbeitungsstrategien für den folgenden Satz schnell anpasst, was sich in bisher nicht gemeldeten sequentiellen Anpassungseffekten in der P600-Amplitude manifestierte. Basierend auf dem DMC Modell (Braver, 2012; Braver, Gray, & Burgess, 2007) und dem Überwachungsmodell der Sprachverarbeitung (van de Meerendonk, Indefrey, Chwilla, & Kolk, 2011) schlage ich vor, dass die P600-Amplitude nicht nur reaktive Anpassungen manifestiert, die durch Konflikterkennung ausgelöst werden, nämlich die klassischen P600-Effekte, die eine erneute Analyse der Sprachverarbeitung widerspiegeln, sondern auch proaktive Anpassungen in der Überwachung der Sprachverarbeitung, die Mechanismen der kognitiven Kontrolle von Aufmerksamkeit und Gedächtnis beinhalten.How language perception adapts to constantly incoming information is a key question in mind and brain research. This doctoral thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of adaptation to speaker identity and speech error during speech processing, and to enhance our knowledge about the role of cognitive control in speech processing. For this purpose, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) N400 and P600 in the electroencephalography (EEG) were analyzed. Specifically, the present work addressed the question about adaptation to the speaker’s identity in processing two types of speech errors (Xu, Abdel Rahman, & Sommer, 2019), and explored proactive adaptation initiated by the detection of speech errors (Xu, Abdel Rahman, & Sommer, 2021) and by speaker (dis-)continuity across consecutive sentences in multi-speaker situations (Xu, Abdel Rahman, & Sommer, 2021, in press). Results showed that different speech processing strategies were adapted according to native or non-native speaker identity and two different types of speech errors, reflected in different N400 and P600 effects. In addition, detection of conflict (speech error) and speaker (dis-)continuity across consecutive sentences engage cognitive control to rapidly adapt processing strategies for the following sentence, manifested in hitherto unreported sequential adaptation effects in the P600 amplitude. Based on the DMC model (Braver, 2012; Braver, Gray, & Burgess, 2007) and the monitoring theory of language perception (van de Meerendonk, Indefrey, Chwilla, & Kolk, 2011), I propose that the P600 amplitude manifests not only reactive adaptations triggered by conflict detection, i.e., the classic P600 effect, reflecting reanalysis of speech processing, but also proactive adaptations in monitoring the speech processing, engaging cognitive control mechanisms of attention and memory.
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Nikolova, Vanya Toncheva. "Metabolic adaptations of pregnancy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/metabolic-adaptations-of-pregnancy(4711e974-0c1a-46e3-aa3a-8fd60af90b8a).html.
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Pregnancy is a complex biological condition associated with profound changes in the metabolism of the mother, essential for the growth and development of the fetoplacental unit. We aimed to study molecular pathways that contribute to the gestational alterations in lipid metabolism. The data in this report show that adaptations in lipid homeostasis during mouse pregnancy include raised hepatic cholesterol content, decreased levels of circulating cholesterol and elevated serum triglycerides. Moreover, LXR signalling contributes to the enhanced lipogenesis in early mouse pregnancy by increasing fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver. There is a gradual down-regulation of LXR targets involved in hepatic lipogenesis, cholesterol uptake and clearance following mouse placenta formation. Pharmacological activation of LXR not only blunted the reduction of these genes but also reversed the changes in hepatic and serum lipid profiles observed during normal murine pregnancy. Our results strongly suggest that LXR signalling is altered during mouse pregnancy and this is an essential adaptation to facilitate altered maternal lipid homeostasis. Investigations were performed to establish whether maternal metabolic adaptations in energy homeostasis result from altered diurnal fluctuations in peripheral metabolic pathways. We show that pregnancy alters the activity of core clocks in liver, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Early and advanced pregnancy changes the diurnal fluctuations in the expression of key metabolic genes in the liver in order to enhance or dampen lipogenesis respectively during these gestational periods. We present preliminary data suggesting that the temporal oscillations in bile acid metabolism are shifted during pregnancy independently of feeding patterns. Moreover, fatty acid homeostasis in skeletal muscle is changed during early pregnancy possibly as a consequence of the REV-ERBβ-dependent downregulation of Cpt1β-mediated lipid oxidation. Also, placenta lipid homeostasis exhibits robust temporal oscillations so that pathways mediating fatty acid and cholesterol transport as well as triglyceride hydrolysis become activated during the dark phase. Subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue depots were examined to determine whether metabolic pathways in these tissues are differentially regulated during non-complicated pregnancy and gestational cholestasis. We show evidence that although both of these depots expand in the course of gestation in order accommodate triglyceride accrual, subcutaneous fat develops a pro-inflammatory phenotype whereas visceral fat remains quiescent. Feeding of pregnant mice with a cholic acid-supplemented diet raises their serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels and reduces adipose tissue lipogenesis. Gestational cholestasis also decreases white fat inflammation in a depot-specific manner and interferes with adipose tissue remodelling and expansion. We concluded that failure of fat to grow and store surplus lipids that normally accrue during pregnancy could contribute to the development of cholestatic dyslipidaemia.
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Pezzotta, Elisa. "Adaptations : Stanley Kubrick's challenges." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515227.
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Becerra-Romero, Judith Xiutzal Ixtlilxochil. "Adaptations to ecological interactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186239.
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Three different aspects of plant adaptations to ecological interactions are examined. The first one is in the area of plant breeding systems. The adaptations investigated in this study involved interactions between male gametes competing for fertilizations on the plant Phormium tenax, an agavoid of New Zealand. In this system I discovered a new type of self incompatibility that depends on the levels of competition among self- and cross-pollinated fruits. This mechanism is parallel to cryptic self-incompatibility in which individual self-pollen grains are not as successful as cross-pollen when competing in the same pistil. The competition-dependent abscission of self-pollinations considered here, however, operates at the level of whole flowers. This form of self-incompatibility may allow a high level of outcrossing to be achieved while it assures seed set when pollinations are scarce. The second case focuses on the interaction between a plant of the genus Bursera and its herbivorous crysomelid beetle Blepharida. This Bursera produces terpenes that are stored in networks of canals that run throughout the leaves and the cortex of the stem. When damaged, there is often an abundant release of resins. Blepharida larvae have developed the behavioral adaptations to overcome the secretive canals of Bursera. Before feeding on the leaves they cut the leaf-veins, interrupting the flow of terpenes. By documenting the growth and survival costs of being on plants of different response strength I was able to show that canals can effectively decrease herbivory even against this specialized vein-cutting insect. The handling time involved in blocking the canals slows down larval growth, delays pupation and increases the risk of predation. Chapter III examines a more complex interaction among plants that produce extrafloral nectaries, ants, and homopterans. An alternative model to explain the function of extrafloral nectaries is proposed. According to this hypothesis, the function of these glands is not to attract ants for defense, but to distract them from tending homopterans by giving them a free source of sugar. Different sources of evidence that support this model are discussed.
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Nicolaou, Maria. "Gait adaptations to transverse slopes." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32931.
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The purpose of the study was to identify the lower limb kinematic adaptations made in normal gait to accommodate to static transverse slopes. Five male subjects were asked to walk along a platform at 0%, 5% and 10% slope. Kinematic data for the ankle, knee and hip were collected at 60Hz using the Ultratrak RTM (Polhemus Inc., Burlington, VT, USA) electromagnetic tracking system. Results indicated that significant (p < 0.05) joint angle changes occurred in both the uphill (UH) and downhill (DH) lower limbs. The adaptations served as compensatory changes to functionally shorten the UH limb and lengthen the DH limb.
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Nair, Radha Goh. "Neural adaptations for brood parasitism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409117.
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Clarke, Samantha Jayne. "Biochemical adaptations in cardiac hypertrophy." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395503.
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Jones, Eleanor. "Osmotic adaptations of Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310928.
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Grange, Daniel Robert. "Adaptations of Jurassic marine crocodilians." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264077.
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Munro, Gordon. "Oxytocin neurone adaptations to opioids." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21439.
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Systemic administration of sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8S) activates central noradrenergic pathways (including possibly the A6 cell group of the locus coeruleus which projects to the SON) and this stimulus to oxytocin secretion into the blood measured by radioimmunoassay was dose-dependently inhibited by the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine and by morphine; α2- and μ-receptor mediated effects may converge on the same post-receptor mechanism. Cells of the locus coeruleus also show tolerance and dependence to opioids. Withdrawal hypersecretion of oxytocin was significantly attenuated by clonidine, possibly by pre-synaptically blocking the noradrenergic input from the A6 cell group although activation of this pathway by CCK8S alone did not initiate withdrawal. Thus withdrawal excitation of supraoptic oxytocin neurones may involve an excitatory noradrenergic input from the A6 cell group which may become more active during dependence. Tolerance to opioids on excitatory inputs to the SON and within the SON itself may increase the expression of several components excitatory to oxytocin neurones such as endogenous CCK function. An amplification in release of noradrenaline within the SON after removal of central morphine inhibition by naloxone, may then excite oxytocin neurones directly by increasing a voltage dependent Ca2+ conductance. Co-release of oxytocin and CCK would feed back onto the oxytocin neurones and sustain the withdrawal process, whilst the increase in synaptic drive from the A6 cell group and locally within the SON would continue until release of oxytocin and CCK or a pool of readily available Ca2+ had become depleted thereby bringing the withdrawal process to an end.
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Li, Siu Leung, and 李小良. "Toward a theory of dramatic adaptation: with special reference to Shakespearean and Ming Qing adaptations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207352.
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Li, Siu-leung. "Toward a theory of dramatic adaptation : with special reference to Shakespearean and Ming Qing adaptations /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12324322.
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Snipes, Chelsie, and Richard T. Carter. "Sound transmission by the hyoid apparatus during echolocation in bats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/6.
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Sound transmission by the hyoid apparatus during echolocation in bats
Chelsie C.G. Snipes1 and Richard T. Carter1
1 East Tennessee State University, Johnson City TN, USA
The morphology of the stylohyal-tympanic bone articulation found in laryngeally echolocating bats is highly indicative of a function associated with signal production. One untested hypothesis is that this morphology allows the transfer of a sound signal from the larynx to the tympanic bones (auditory bulla) via the hyoid apparatus during signal production by the larynx. To test this hypothesis, we used µCT data, CAD editing software, and finite element analysis (FEA) to model the propagation of sound through the hyoid chain into the tympanic bones. This involved making digital segmentations from the µCT data of the tympanic bones and cartilaginous segments and converting it into a digital mesh body. Since the cartilaginous segments are not visible in CTs, we segmented the air in each gap and subsequently used a Boolean function in CAD software to fit each bony end into their respective cartilaginous segment. Further post-processing of the model included a reduction in the number of facets bodies and smoothing surfaces which allowed us to convert it into a solid body model. The solid body geometry was then uploaded into FEA software and assigned material properties for cortical bone, cartilage, and bulla. Additional biomechanical data, including Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and speed of sound through each material were defined in previous literature. We ran two FEA analysis with our model: the first was an acoustic analysis that modelled sound propagation through our material (bone and cartilage), and the second was a coupled modal and structural analysis that modelled resonant behavior and sound pressure wave propagation from the hyoid body to the tympanic bones. Our models support the hypothesis that bats use this physical connection between the larynx and auditory bulla to transfer sound (mechanical excitation). Our models show both pressure waves and vibration due to resonance could be used to transfer this signal and this resonance behavior can be modulated by restraining the hyoid apparatus, perhaps through muscle contraction. We propose that by modulating the resonant behavior of the hyoid apparatus, bats can selectively filter which frequencies of sound are transferred from the larynx to the auditory bulla during echolocation signal production.
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San, Giacomo Marcela. "La Présence de l'espagnol en nahuatl : une étude sociolinguistique des adaptations et non-adaptations des emprunts." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150293348#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Cette thèse analyse les effets des facteurs sociaux et linguistiques dans les adaptations et non-adaptations des emprunts de l'espagnol en nahuatl. Notre travail s'est déroulé à Tagcotepec, une communauté nahuatl, d'environ 500 habitants, dans la Sierra Norte de Puebla, au Mexique. Nous avons travaillé avec 71 locuteurs, qui forment un échantillon représentatif des caractéristiques sociolinguistiques de la communauté, telles que âge, sexe, niveau de bilinguisme et secteur d'habitation. Nos données proviennent des enregistrements de la parole spontanée. Notre base de données compte 776 mots d'emprunt, pour un total de 4619 tokens. Le pourcentage global d'adaptation est de 16% et nos résultats montrent que la probabilité de l'adaptation des emprunts varie en fonction (1) du type de cible, (2) du secteur d'habitation, (3) du groupe d'âge auquel appartient le locuteur, (4) du nombre de syllabes du mot d'emprunt, (5) du type (plus ou moins familier) d'allocutaire, (6) de la fréquence d'utilisation du mot d'emprunt, (7) du nombre de cibles contenues dans l'emprunt, et (8) du contexte de production de l'emprunt (mot isolé ou dans une phrase). D'après nos résultats obtenus par l'analyse de règle variable (VARBRUL), le niveau de bilinguisme du locuteur n'est pas un facteur significatif pour l'adaptation des empruntsThis study analyses the effects of social and linguistic factors on the adaptations and non-adaptations of Spanish borrowings into Nahuatl. Fieldwork was carried out in Tagcotepec, a Nahuatl community of 500 in Puebla, Mexico. Data were collected using a stratified sample of 71 speakers, representative of the sociolinguistic traits of the community, in terms of age, sex, level of bilingualism, and location within the village. The compiled database consists of 776 loanwords for a total of 4619 tokens. The mean percentage of adaptation was 16%, and a multivariate analysis of the data reveals that the likeliness of adaptation depends on (1) the type of illicit segment, (2) the part of the village the speaker lives in, (3) the speaker's age group, (4) the number of syllables in the loanword, (5) the social and emotional distance between speaker and addressee, (6) the frequency of the loanword, (7) the number of illicit segments contained in the loanword, and (8) whether or not the loanword was produced in isolation. According to our results obtained through Variable Rule Analysis (VARBRUL), the level of bilingualism of speakers is not significant for loanword adaptation
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Glogauer, Michael. "Mechanoprotection, cytoskeletal adaptations of mechanical stresses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ41159.pdf.
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Dickerson, Andrew K. "Mosquito flight adaptations to particulate environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51773.
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Flying insects face challenging conditions such as rainfall, fog, and dew. In this theoretical and experimental thesis, we investigate the survival mechanisms of the mosquito, Anopheles, through particles of various size. Large particles such as falling raindrops can weigh up to fifty times a mosquito. Mosquitoes survive such impacts by virtue of their low mass and strong exoskeleton. Smaller particle sizes, as present in fog and insecticide, pose the greatest danger. Mosquitoes cannot fly through seemingly innocuous household humidifier fog or other gases with twice the density of air. Upon landing, fog accumulates on the mosquito body and wings, which in small quantities can be shaken off in the manner of a wet dog. Large amounts of dew on the wings create a coalescence cascade ultimately folding the wings into taco shapes, which are difficult to dry. The insights gained in this study will inform the nascent field of flapping micro-aerial vehicles.
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Smith, R. S. "The respiratory adaptations of prosobranch gastropods." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384408.
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Morse, Christopher I. "Neuromuscular adaptations with ageing and training." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412612.
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Ottenheijm, Coen, Leo Heunks, and Richard Dekhuijzen. "Diaphragm adaptations in patients with COPD." BioMed Central, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610242.
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Inspiratory muscle weakness in patients with COPD is of major clinical relevance. For instance, maximum inspiratory pressure generation is an independent determinant of survival in severe COPD. Traditionally, inspiratory muscle weakness has been ascribed to hyperinflation-induced diaphragm shortening. However, more recently, invasive evaluation of diaphragm contractile function, structure, and biochemistry demonstrated that cellular and molecular alterations occur, of which several can be considered pathologic of nature. Whereas the fiber type shift towards oxidative type I fibers in COPD diaphragm is regarded beneficial, rendering the overloaded diaphragm more resistant to fatigue, the reduction of diaphragm fiber force generation in vitro likely contributes to diaphragm weakness. The reduced diaphragm force generation at single fiber level is associated with loss of myosin content in these fibers. Moreover, the diaphragm in COPD is exposed to oxidative stress and sarcomeric injury. This review postulates that the oxidative stress and sarcomeric injury activate proteolytic machinery, leading to contractile protein wasting and, consequently, loss of force generating capacity of diaphragm fibers in patients with COPD. Interestingly, several of these presumed pathologic alterations are already present early in the course of the disease (GOLD I/II), although these patients appear not limited in their daily life activities. Treatment of diaphragm dysfunction in COPD is complex since its etiology is unclear, but recent findings indicate the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a prime target to attenuate diaphragm wasting in COPD.
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Xu, Jue [Verfasser]. "Adaptations in Speech Processing / Jue Xu." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236896939/34.
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Bridges, Patrick G. "Composing and coordinating adaptations in Cholla." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289844.
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Adaptation is an increasing important attribute for software that must operate well in changing environments, such as those encountered by mobile devices connected by wireless networks. However, adaptive software can be difficult to design, implement, and build, especially in systems with multiple adaptable components on multiple machines. A key challenge in such systems is coordinating adaptation across components, whether these components on located on the same or different machines. Without such coordination, for example, components may adapt in inconsistent or incompatible ways, leading to instability or poor performance. In addition, customizing adaptation policies to match the demands of the system and constructing testbeds are also difficult. This dissertation describes Cholla, a framework for implementing adaptation in configurable networked software. Cholla addresses the challenges of inter-component coordination on a single machine and can be used along with existing techniques to implement coordination across machines. In addition, Cholla extends the benefits of configurable software to adaptation by allowing the policies that control adaptation to be constructed in a configurable manner. This allows the control logic to be analyzed, customized, and composed in ways that would be difficult at best in other systems. A prototype implementation of Cholla that uses Cactus, a system for building highly configurable network protocols and services, is also presented. Two example applications are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of Cholla: a multimedia transmission system and a configurable proxy for wireless networks. Both applications use CTP, a Cactus-based configurable transport protocol, and are structured in such a way that Cholla controls adaptive behavior in both CTP and between CTP and the application. Experimental results show that approach is the effective, especially in cases where adaptation mechanisms are limited and system behavior is very sensitive to adaptation choices. Finally, this dissertation describes a WaveLAN emulator that allows the testing of adaptable software for wireless systems without constructing a complete hardware testbed. While the emulator can only provide accurate results under light network loads, it is nonetheless useful for emulating the dynamic nature of connectivity in low latency wireless networks.
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Bin, Abdullah Mohammed Ihsan Izzat. "Muscle adaptations to post-exercise cooling." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2330.
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Endurance training results in profound skeletal muscle adaptations that improve fatigue resistance and enhance exercise capacity. To maximise these adaptations, athletes often engage in extensive training regimes, involving 10 to 16 training sessions∙wk-1. The use of cold water immersion (CWI) as a recovery intervention has emerged as a strategy to maintain training performances between sessions. However, its concurrent influence on muscle aerobic adaptations to training is unclear. Thus, the overall purpose of the four research studies contained within this thesis was to determine the influence of post-exercise CWI on muscle metabolic activity, acute and long-term adaptations to exercise and exercise training, respectively.
The first two studies of this thesis were designed to determine the reliability and between limb differences of the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived indices describing muscle oxygenation and metabolic activity. Such information was necessary to substantiate the use of NIRS to monitor muscle aerobic adaptations to training/cooling as well as the onelegged cooling model utilised throughout this thesis. In study 1, it was found that there were considerable differences in reliability levels with regards to the analytical technique chosen. However the variables demonstrated CVs ranging from 3 to 35%, which is lower than currently reported changes in training-induced adaptations and/or group differences between athletes and sedentary controls (23% - 450%). In study 2, it was shown that there were no between limb differences in NIRS-derived variables. As such, studies 1 and 2 indicate that changes in NIRS-derived variables are suitable indices to monitor the influence of cooling on training-induced adaptations in the muscle, as well as substantiate that the exercise/training protocols induced similar physiological stimulus in both the intervention and control limbs.
In study 2, it was also shown that cooling one leg (15 min at 10°C) from the gluteal fold downwards resulted in significant decreases in post-exercise vastus lateralis skin temperature (35.1 ± 0.6 vs. 16.9 ± 1.7°C, p < 0.001), microvascular perfusion (20 ± 4%, p < 0.01) and muscle metabolic activity (p < 0.05) while not resulting in shivering thermogenesis. While these responses may improve local muscle recovery, its simultaneous effect is on muscle aerobic adaptations are unclear. Indeed, reduced muscle metabolism might attenuate mitochondrial biogenesis via inhibiting AMPK activation or via a decrease in the Q10 effect. Conversely, cooling in cell and rodent models has been shown to up-regulate the expression of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, which is implicated in the regulation of non=shivering thermogenesis.
As such, studies 3 and 4 investigated the acute and chronic influence of post-exercise cooling on muscle aerobic adaptations to exercise and exercise training, respectively. In study 3, it was shown that cooling resulted in significantly lowered intramuscular temperatures (28.9 ± 2.3°C vs. 37.0 ± 0.8°C, p < 0.001). This change was associated with a significant increase in the mRNA content of PGC-1α in the cooled limb compared with control. However, associated PGC-1α targets related to vascular and metabolic adaptation, namely VEGF and nNOS, only demonstrated significant changes from baseline (i.e. time effects) with no significant differences between conditions evident. These data indicate that an acute post-exercise cooling intervention enhances the gene expression of PGC-1α and therefore may provide a valuable strategy to enhance exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. However its influence on VEGF and nNOS expression and associated functional adaptations warrants further research.
In study 4, we investigated the effect of regular post-exercise CWI on training induced AMPK activity and mitochondrial biogenesis. Ten males performed 3 sessions∙wk-1of endurance training for 4 wks, where following each session subjects immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C) to the level of their gluteal fold for 15 min, while the contra-lateral leg served as control. Subjects’ maximal oxygen consumption and maximal aerobic running speed were improved by 5.4% and 6.4% following training (p < 0.05). Additionally, regular post-exercise cooling enhanced exercise-induced increases in basal AMPK activity. Despite an increase in AMPK activity, a concomitant increase in downstream targets PGC-1α and most mitochondrial electron chain subunits was not observed. However, a significant increase in COX3 protein content was evident and hence indicates that mitochondrial biogenesis may be enhanced. Regardless, we advocate caution with regards to regular use of this intervention as cold-induced mitochondrial biogenesis may concomitantly decrease mitochondrial efficiency. Further research should focus on muscle aerobic function following regular CWI also verify if increases in AMPK activity observed in this study translates to improved glucose disposal and fatty acid oxidation.
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Geller, Grace. "Translations and adaptations of Euripides' Trojan Women /." Norton, Mass. : Wheaton College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/15122.
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Wells, Llyd Ewan. "Viral adaptations to life in the cold /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11056.
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Trinh, Ellen Man Ngoc. "Cine-animé: adaptations of realistic lighting styles." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2644.
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Animé, a style of Japanese animation, has begun to evolve into more than a simple
animation. The stories found in animé have reached a level of complexity similar to
traditional cinema. However, lighting in animé, has been minimal. Using computers
to create animé, rather than creating it traditionally by hand, has allowed greater
opportunities to be creative with lighting. Color and computer-generated (CG) effects
can be integrated with traditional line drawings to create beautiful images in
animé. Since cinematic lighting exhibits some of the finest examples of lighting, this
thesis will analyze lighting styles from three different cinematographers and adapt
them to three anim??e style scenes in 3D. The scenes will be modeled, lit, and rendered
using Alias/Wavefront MAYATM, and textured using Adobe PhotoshopTM. The result
will be a visual CG piece that adapts the lighting style of certain distinctive
cinematographers, while retaining the look of animé.
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Oosterhout, Mattheus Franciscus Maria van. "Local myocardial adaptations during chronic ventricular pacing." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6829.
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McIntosh, Matthew. "Long-term cardiovascular adaptations to neonatal hypoxia." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110447.
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INTRODUCTION: Previous work from the Rohlicek laboratory has shown that neonatal hypoxia is associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure in two month old male rats. We have asked here whether this increase persists into later maturity, and if it is also present in females. We have further examined separately whether sex hormones or alterations in autonomic control are implicated in this increase. METHODS: Experiments were conducted on adult Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. An experimental group was raised in hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.12) for the first ten days of life and subsequently raised in normoxia. A second group was reared entirely in normoxia. A subset of males and females were gonadectomized one month prior to recording. At two, three, and six months the rats were instrumented with an intravascular telemetric blood pressure transmitter monitoring abdominal aortic pressure. One week later arterial pressure was recorded for 24 hours in the ambulatory, unrestrained rats. RESULTS: Systolic pressure was significantly higher in neonatally hypoxic male rats at every age during their active (night-time) period and as well at 3 and 6 months during the resting (daytime) period compared to controls. The effect size of neonatal hypoxia increased with age, although this increase did not achieve significance. Neonatally hypoxic females did not show any differences in systemic pressure compared to controls. Castration did not prevent the development of elevated blood pressure in two month neonatally hypoxic males, nor did ovariectomy unveil any differences between neonatally hypoxic and control females at three months of age. In two month male rats hypoxic neonatally, baroreflex sensitivity was significantly decreased during their active (night-time) period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the increase in blood pressure experienced by neonatally hypoxic adult male rats persists into later maturity. This effect appears to be sex specific to male animals. The finding of decreased baroreflex sensitivity following neonatal hypoxia at two months indicates that altered autonomic tone with a relative increase in sympathetic activity plays a role in the increase in arterial pressure.INTRODUCTION: Des travaux antérieurs entrepris au laboratoire Rohlicek ont montré que l'hypoxie néonatale est associée à une élévation de la pression artérielle systolique chez les rats mâles âgés de deux mois. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, on demande si cette élévation persiste plus tard dans la maturité et si elle est également présente chez les femelles. On essaye en outre de déterminer si les hormones sexuelles ou des altérations dans le contrôle autonome jouent un rôle dans cette élévation. MÉTHODE: Des études ont été menées sur des rats adultes Sprague-Dawley des deux sexes. Un groupe expérimental a été élevé en hypoxie (FiO2 = 0,12) durant les dix premiers jours de vie et subséquemment en normaxie. Un second groupe a été élevé entièrement en normaxie. Un sous-ensemble de mâles et de femelles ont été gonadectomisés un mois avant la prise de mesures. À deux, trois et six mois, des rats étaient branchés à un transducteur de pression artérielle intravasculaire avec télémétrie pour surveillance de la pression de l'aorte abdominale. Une semaine plus tard, la pression artérielle a été mesurée durant 24 heures chez des rats ambulatoires et non contenus. RÉSULTATS: La pression systolique a été considérablement plus élevée chez des rats mâles en hypoxie à tout âge durant leur période active (nocturne) et également à 3 et 6 mois durant la période de repos (diurne) par comparaison aux rats du groupe témoin. L'ampleur de l'effet de l'hypoxie néonatale s'est accrue avec l'âge, bien que cette augmentation n'ait pas été statistiquement significative. Les femelles en hypoxie néonatale n'ont montré aucune différence dans la pression artérielle générale par comparaison aux femelles du groupe témoin. Tout comme la castration n'a pu empêcher l'apparition d'une pression artérielle élevée chez les mâles en hypoxie néonatale âgés de deux mois, l'ovariectomie de même n'a pu montrer une quelconque différence entre les femelles en hypoxie néonatale par opposition aux femelles du groupe témoin à l'âge de trois mois. Chez les rats mâles âgés de deux mois en hypoxie néonatale, la sensibilité du baroréflexe a été considérablement atrophiée durant leur période active (nocturne). CONCLUSION: Nos résultats indiquent que l'élévation de la pression artérielle chez les rats mâles adultes en hypoxie néonatale persiste plus tard dans la maturité. Cet effet semble être spécifique selon le sexe chez les animaux mâles. La découverte de la sensibilité du baroréflexe atrophiée à la suite de l'hypoxie néonatale à deux mois indique que le tonus autonome altéré, conjugué à une augmentation relative de l'activité sympathique, jouent un rôle dans l'élévation de la pression artérielle.
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Brennan, D. R. "Adaptations in inter-firm, buyer-seller relationships." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488129.
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Mihaita, Sava Carmen. "Adaptations culturelles : une méta-analyse d'efficacité clinique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27332/27332.pdf.
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Roberts, Devin. "Bone adaptations in male collegiate-level cheerleaders." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6838.
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Involvement in resistance or high-impact sports is a known contributor to bone health in young athletes. However, no study to date has examined the sport of cheerleading and its potential impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass. The purpose of this study was to assess BMD of the lumbar spine and the proximal femur in male cheerleaders. A secondary purpose was to examine measures of body composition. Twelve male collegiate-level cheerleaders and 12 age, height and weight matched recreationally active males (CON) volunteered for the study. The cheerleaders' appendicular lean mass and total lean mass were significantly greater (33.56 plus/minus 3.37 and 72.22 plus/minus 6.56 kg) compared to CON (29.57 plus/minus 2.73 and 66.19 plus/minus 5.09), P<0.05. The cheerleaders also had a lower percentage of body fat and total fat mass (13.1 plus/minus 4.48% and 11.66 plus/minus 5.10kg) compared to CON (18.92 plus/minus 4.53% and 16.30 plus/minus 4.66kg), P<0.05. Although there were no statistically significant differences in any of the BMD variables between groups, the average Z-scores at clinically significant sites ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 standard deviations above the age and ethnicity-related population norm, as defined by the World Health Organization. These data suggest that cheerleading has a positive influence on bone health and measures of body composition.Thesis (M.Ed.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Human Performance Studies
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Cole, Andrew S. "Endurance training adaptations in high school runners." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1294242.
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This study examined the effects of two distinct phases of endurance training (summer and in-season training) in previously well-trained male and female high school cross-country runners. Eleven males and 11 females from the same high school training program were recruited for the three testing sessions: post-track season (June), postsummer training (mid-August), and post-cross-country season (early-November). However, due to injury and other circumstances, only 10 males and 4 females completed all testing sessions. Thus, baseline characteristics were analyzed for both genders; however, longitudinal analysis was only conducted using the males. Submaximal measurements included running economy (RE), blood lactate concentration ([BLa]), and heart rate (HR) at three running speeds in females (6, 7, and 8 mph), and males (7, 8, and 9 mph). Maximal measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2max) and HR, neuromuscular characteristics of isokinetic knee extension strength and vertical jump height, and body composition were also measured. Baseline results showed that the males possessed a higher VO2max, greater neuromuscular characteristics, and lower submaximal [BLa] and HR values than the females. Longitudinal analysis of the males showed that there was an increased VO2max, decreased maximal HR, and decreased neuromuscular strength following summer training. In-season training precipitated further increases in VO2max, an increase in maximal and submaximal HR, and increased neuromuscular characteristics. RE and [BLa] did not significantly change (p<_ 0.05) throughout the course of the study. Likely, it is the subtle changes in these variables in previously welltrained runners which account for the slower performance times at the beginning of the cross-country season and the improvements thereafter.School of Physical Education
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Carter, Royston Edwin. "Development adaptations & applications of DNA fingerprinting." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336944.
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Malbut-Shennan, Kathryn Elisabeth. "Adaptations to aerobic training in old age." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394361.
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Vila-Chã, Carolina. "Electrophysiological assessment of neuromuscular adaptations to training." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/6908.
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Over the last decades, it has been shown that the human neuromuscular system is highly adaptive and can be modified in response to different motor training programs. Depending on the demands of the motor training, the adaptations seem to involve distinct structural and functional changes across the motor cortex, spinal cord and skeletal muscle. The technological development observed in the last years, increased the use of electrophysiological techniques to assess the neuromuscular adaptations to motor training. Nonetheless, the current evidences on the neuromuscular adaptations to different motor training are inconsistent and incomplete, in particular regarding endurance and strength training. This is mainly due to lack of studies based on a rigorous consideration of the limitations of the available techniques. Therefore, the main goal of this dissertation is to give new insights on the adaptations of the neuromuscular system by systematically investigating the changes in its central and peripheral properties in response to endurance and strength training. For this purpose, recent developed techniques for recording and processing electromiographycal (EMG) signals were applied. The first study (STUDY I) investigated if 6 weeks of either endurance or strength training alters the motor unit behavior and if such changes were accompanied by alterations in muscle fiber properties. Intramuscular and multichannel surface EMG recordings were used to investigate the motor unit discharge rates and motor unit conduction velocity (MUCV) of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis during submaximal isometric contractions. The results demonstrated that endurance training increased endurance capacity and was accompanied by a decrease of the motor unit discharge rates. In contrast, strength training enhanced maximum force output and was accompanied by an increase of the motor unit discharge rates. By the end of 6 weeks of training, both training programs elicited increases in the motor unit conduction velocity, revealing electrophysiological adaptations of the muscle fiber membrane properties in similar directions. However, in the first 3 weeks of training, when changes in motor unit discharge rates were most marked, changes in MUCV were not observed. These findings reveal different time courses of some of the neural and peripheral adaptations in response to different motor training programs. The observed changes may contribute for distinct neuromuscular fatigue profiles among endurance and strength-trained athletes. Therefore, the aim of the second study (STUDY II) was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of endurance and a strength training program on acute responses of the muscle fiber membrane properties and discharges rates of low threshold motor units of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles during prolonged submaximal isometric contractions. The conduction velocity of the individual motor units was estimated from the averaged multichannel EMG surface potentials by a spike triggered average technique. It was shown that motor unit discharge rate declines over the duration of the sustained contraction and their trend was not significantly affected by training. Conversely, the rate of decline of motor unit conduction velocity during sustained contractions was reduced following six weeks of both endurance and strength training, however a greater reduction is observed following endurance training. These alterations likely contribute to longer times to task failure following endurance training. The third study (STUDY III) intended to clarify the mechanisms involved in the opposite adjustments of the motor unit discharge rate observed in the study I. The results revealed that following 3 weeks of endurance training the excitability in the H-reflex pathway increased but the V-wave amplitude remained unchanged. In contrast, following strength training the V-wave amplitude increased whereas subtle changes were observed in the H-reflex pathway. These results suggest that the elements of the H-reflex pathway are strongly involved in chronic adjustments in response to endurance training, contributing to enhance resistance to fatigue. Conversely, following strength training, it is more likely that increased descending neural drive during MVC and/or modulation in afferents other than Ia afferents contributed to increased motoneuron excitability and maximal voluntary contraction.
The present work revealed for the first time that endurance and strength training induces opposite adjustments in the motor unit behavior. Moreover, the distinct adjustments in the spinal cord output, seems to result from changes in different neural mechanisms located at supraspinal and/or spinal level. The neural adjustments following endurance training seems to result from changes at spinal level whereas the adjustments following strength training are likely due to changes at supraspinal level. These adaptations occurred following a short period of training, while no changes in the contractile and electrophysiological properties of the muscle fibers were detectable. Changes at peripheral level occurred only following a longer period of training.
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Hatab, Hanan Abou. "Arab Shakespeare : six Arab adaptations of Hamlet." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548589.
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Houtman, Coral. "Female voice and agency in film adaptations." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/female-voice-and-agency-in-film-adaptations(1c455936-42d5-4ffa-9d8f-3bbf60d568a2).html.
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This thesis examines the claim that women write differently from men, and employs a methodology which compares a range of film adaptations with the books from which they are taken. The thesis explores the agency and voice of four novels and their film adaptations, 1 using techniques derived from narrative analysis where "the implied author" is the agency responsible for the overall relationship of narration (story telling) to narrative (story) and is also the "voice" - the rhetoric of the text. Psychoanalysis forms a conceptual framework for exploring the performance of sexual difference in these works authored by women, but directed by men, and for investigating psychological thrillers, where issues of sexuality and desire are dramatised, particularly in relationship to death and the fear of obliteration. The thesis considers the 'gendering' of the texts - how they construe sexual difference, through fantasy and through desire. Lacan's discourse analysis enables a further investigation of the possibilities of hysterical agency driving the narrative; anxiety and uncertainty over gender and sexual difference driving the needs of the characters and the narration, and therefore, by implication, the real author or authors. It also discusses whether this hysteria is performed differently by men and women, due to their different subject positions, and thereby creates a potential link between the implied author of the text, and the gender of the real author(s). The real author, the agent of the text, cannot, in this formulation, be regarded as either sovereign or unified. Rather, I theorise, following Althusser and the performative theory of Judith Butler, that authorial voice is an interpellation. That is, they are called up and placed into a network of norms and parameters where they assume the agency of authorship. Agency is therefore contingent and traumatic, and a text which creates a less causal and individualistic performance of narrative agency might also be able to explore the relationship of gender and sexual difference to agency without slipping into the Freudian flaw of making anatomy destiny. I consider Mrs. Dalloway, as a poetic, non-linear form, a multi-voiced and multi-determined narrative, which creates a very rich female portrait of its central protagonist and a selfconsciously female narrative voice. In addressing the traumas and hysterias of sexual difference, and relating them to the analogous traumas created through the abuse of power in other realms of life, Mrs. Dalloway provides an alternative way of thinking about sexual difference, gender and agency, one that privileges creativity, reparation and the need to come to terms with trauma, whether one is male or female.
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Iragui, Sebastian. "Les adaptations ibériques du Tristan en prose." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040242.
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La plupart des adaptations italiennes et ibériques du Tristan en prose descendent d'une source commune, la version méridionale, version abrégée et remaniée. Nous suivons l'évolution de cette version, à partir d'un groupe de manuscrits français copiés en Italie, et à travers des traductions successives en italien, en catalan et enfin en castillan. Une concordance détaillée compare les descendants de la version méridionale avec le Tristan en prose et la compilation de Rusticien de Pise. L'examen des textes ibériques montre qu'ils donnent une version ramassée qui se recentre sur l'histoire du héros. Dans le Libro de Tristan de Leonis, imprimé dès 1501, le récit est modifié afin de glorifier le héros et l'idéal chevaleresque, tandis que le Cuento de Tristan de Leonis, ms. De la fin du XIVe ou le début du XVe siècle, tend plutôt à ajouter ou accentuer des détails réalistes, populaires et comiquesMost Italian and Iberian adaptations of the Tristan en prose descend from an earlier, abridged and adapted version, the version meridional. We study the evolution of this version, from an initial group of French manuscripts copied in Italy, through successive translations into Italian, Catalan and finally Castilian. In a detailed concordance, the meridional texts are compared with the Tristan en prose and the compilation of Rusticien de Pise. The inspection of the Iberian tradition reveals a version pared down to concentrate on the hero and his story. In the Libro de Tristan de Leonis, printed in 1501, etc. , the story is modified so as to further glorify the hero and the chivalric ideal, whereas the Cuento of Tristan de Leonis, ms. Of the late 14th to early 15th cent. , tends rather to accentuate or add realistic, popular and comic details
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Achour, Fatiha. "Les adaptations arabes du mythe de pygmalion." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040448.
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Le but de cette these, c'est de faire une etude comparative sur le theme de pygmalion qui a inspire nos ecrivains contemporains : khalil hindaoui, tawfiq al hakim et fouad al mouhandis qui ont retraces cette legende differemment suivant l'experience personnelle de ses trois ecrivains qui sont au fond des incurables romantiques, ainsi ce chef d'oeuvre reflete leurs blessures interieures et leur souffranceTo have seen leading an existance doomed to crimes full of horrors for the vice that nature has extravagantly offered the woman to the point of living without spouses. Bachelor with a marvellous art he sculpted on ivory a splendid body. Pygmalion was lost in wonder and his hart inflamed for this body appearance. The gods apollon and venus realise that he was so sad they send a sould to the statue and became alive. They got married and had a son named galatee. The writer now days are inspired by this mith and that is what i am intending to develop in this project
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Hua, Stéphane. "Adaptations des crocodiliens mesosuchiens au milieu marin." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066101.
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Quatre familles de crocodiliens mesosuchiens mesozoiques sont connues pour s'etre adaptees au milieu marin. Il s'agit par ordre d'apparition stratigraphique des teleosauridae geoffroy, 1831, des metriorhynchidae fitzinger, 1843, des pholidosauridae eastman, 1902 et des dyrosauridae de stefano, 1903. Le but de ce memoire etant de mieux cerner la paleoecologie et la paleophysiologie de ces organismes fossiles, il est fait un rappel de quelques elements d'hydrodynamique et de locomotion qui serviront de base au raisonnement utilise. Ces mesosuchiens fossiles beneficient de relativement bons equivalents actuels, notamment crocodylus porosus, le crocodile indo-pacifique. A ce titre, la biologie et l'ethologie des crocodiliens actuels a affinites marines sont abordees. De cette base actualiste, les tendances evolutives des thalattosuchiens (teleosauridae + metriorhynchidae), des pholidosauridae et des dyrosauridae sont detaillees et comparees aux reptiles marins contemporains. Une nouvelle methode permettant de decrire les mouvements vertebraux relatifs a chaque region, est proposee : les profils de locomotion. Les conclusions morphofonctionnelles ainsi obtenues sont confrontees a une analyse histologique inedite chez certains groupes. L'histologie revele qu'en depit de profondes modifications morphologiques, notamment chez les metriorhynchidae, les mesosuchiens marins n'ont jamais developpe de processus endothermique. Ceci implique un role de predateurs chassant plutot en embuscade ne pouvant pratiquer de nage soutenue sur de longues distances. Enfin, une analyse des paleoenvironnements de chacune des quatre familles de crocodiliens marins est effectuee. En conclusion, le bilan des donnees acquises retracant l'histoire ou plutot les histoires de ces quatre familles de reptiles marins est fait. Il est montre que les conclusions qui s'y rapportent ne sont pas sans incidence sur notre connaissance de la biogeographie des crocodiliens actuels.
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Forster, Lyn. "Feline amputees : gait adaptations and welfare implications." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618289.
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This research focused on three areas of interest regarding feline amputees; owner perception of how their cats adapt to limb amputation, the possibility of phantom sensation, and changes in gait. In general owners felt their cats had an acceptable quality of life; however a proportion believed their cat experienced pain. Anecdotally, owners reported that their cats continued to attempt to use the missing limb following amputation. This prompted the investigation of noninnate forelimb behaviours potentially indicative of phantom sensation; such behaviours apparently persist for months or years after amputation. The impact of phantom sensation on feline welfare is not known, although in humans phantom sensation is a risk factor for phantom pain. Alterations in gait and posture in humans are associated with pain and osteoarthritis. The kinetic changes in feline gait were assessed using a pressure sensitive walkway; this provided its own challenges as the software was designed for large bipeds. As such, a proportion of this work was devoted to developing methods to reliably extract data for small quadrupeds. The results detail how feline amputees alter their weight distribution and paw placement when moving. Observation of amputee cats suggests that they move their limbs differently to those of normal cats, and this was confirmed in a kinematic study using markers to track the motion of each limb. Prior to this research very little was known about how cats coped with limb amputation. The results will better inform the veterinary profession and owners of feline amputees about expected changes, and potentially inform future work on the impact of limb amputation on the welfare of cats. On balance, although there may be some areas of concern, the welfare of cats is acceptable following amputation.
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Flagg, Brienne Morelle. "Postural Adaptations in Self-Ligating Bracket Treatment." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/176854.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
The use of self-ligating brackets has gained popularity recently in orthodontic treatment. The Damon philosophy is a system that employs passive self-ligation with the use of light forces to achieve arch development and to relieve dental crowding. The philosophy of the system is that the use of light forces does not overpower the forces of the lips, tongue, and other peri-oral soft tissue thereby allowing for optimal equilibration of forces that is customized to every individual. If this actually occurs, changes in the posture of the tongue and hyoid would be expected as is seen after orthognathic surgery and rapid maxillary expansion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if these postural adjustments do occur, and, if they do, to assess if there is a stratification of treatment effect based on dental classification. A customized cephalometric evaluation was designed from an amalgamation of previous cephalometric studies. This cephalometric study not only evaluated changes due to treatment but also assessed changes in cervical postural position to validate the quality of the measurements and to verify that radiographs were taken in a correct and repeatable head position. Cephalometric measurements were correlated with measurements of posterior dental expansion at the premolars and molars. Results of the study showed a correlation in tongue length and hyoid to mandible measurements. Lack of significance in the cervical posture cephalometric changes validated the cephalometric design and the quality of radiograph included in the study. Significant posterior dental expansion was documented although this expansion was limited to the premolar regions. Changes in tongue length correlated with dental expansion, particularly in the lower premolars. Lastly, increases in upper airway space correlated with dental expansion, particularly in Class III patients. This finding is very interesting and suggests the need for further research in this area. Additionally, replication of this study with more subjects may yield very interesting results. Overall, this study supports the fact that studies of soft tissue changes in relation to orthodontic treatment need further investigation as these tissues are involved in the equilibrium of forces and are directly related to the stability of orthodontic treatment.
Temple University--Theses
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Bain, Anthony. "Colonization and adaptations of Ficus in Taiwan." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20005/document.
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L'ile de Taiwan est apparue, il y a deux millions d'années. Nous avons étudié les figuiers de Taiwan afin de comprendre comment l'ile fut colonisée et comment l'insularité a pu affecter les espèces colonisatrices. Le genre Ficus est caractérisé par son association mutualiste avec des insectes pollinisateurs extrêmement dispersifs. De plus les figues, inflorescences fermées des Ficus, sont consommés par un grand nombre d'espèces qui elles aussi dispersent efficacement les graines. Nous avons développé une série de marqueurs génétiques afin de pouvoir étudier plusieurs espèces avec les mêmes outils. Ensuite nous avons analysé la structure génétique dans Taiwan d'un groupe de quatre espèces. Une espèce présenta une différenciation génétique claire dans le Sud de Taiwan au climat plus chaud, suggérant la possibilité un début de spéciation écologique chez une espèce hautement dispersive. Une seconde espèce a montré des indices de processus de sélection en cours dans le Sud de Taiwan. A une échelle plus étendue, nous avons montre que les données microsatellites et spécifiquement les R statistiques donnent un premier aperçu de la phylogéographie des figuiers. Pour plusieurs espèces, l'Asie continentale semble être la trame de fond génétique de ces espèces malgré une forte différenciation parmi les populations. Pour Ficus variegata, nous avons montré que la colonisation de Taiwan a pour origine les Philippines et nous n'avons pas détecté de trace de flux génétique venant du continent. L'étude de la phénologie reproductive des Ficus suggère que seulement des espèces produisant de fréquentes récoltes ont colonisé l'ile. Ces travaux ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives sur la réponse des figuiers à l'insularitéThe Island of Taiwan appeared some two million years ago. We investigated the Ficus species of Taiwan in order to understand how the island was colonized and how insular conditions affected the colonizing species. Genus Ficus is characterized by its mutualistic association with highly dispersive pollinating wasps. Further figs, the closed inflorescences of Ficus, are consumed by a large number of highly efficient seed dispersers. We developed a set of portable genetic markers in order to analyze several species using a single set of markers. We then analyzed genetic structuring within Taiwan in a set of four species. One species presented clear genetic differentiation in the warm south Taiwan, suggesting the possibility of incipient ecological speciation in a highly dispersive species. Another species presented indications of ongoing selective processes also in south Taiwan. On a broader scale we show that microsatellite data and notably R statistics provide useful insights into Ficus phylogeography. In several species, continental Asia seems to correspond to a single genetic background despite strong genetic differentiation among populations. For Ficus variegata, we show that it colonized Taiwan from the Philippines and we detect no trace of gene flow from the continent. An investigation of Ficus reproductive phenology suggests that only species producing frequent fig crops have established on the island. This work opens up a series of perspectives on the response of Ficus to insular conditions
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Matelot, David. "Limites des adaptations cardiovasculaires des sportifs endurants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B028/document.
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Cette thèse visait à explorer trois limites des adaptations cardiovasculaires des sportifs endurants. Les athlètes endurants bradycardes ont-ils un risque augmenté de présenter des syncopes réflexes et des particularités électrocardiographiques par rapport à leurs homologues non bradycardes ? Commencer un entraînement après 40 ans est-il trop tard pour espérer améliorer sa santé cardiovasculaire ? La fatigue cardiaque retrouvée à l’issue d’efforts longs et intenses chez les coureurs à pied est-elle également induite par des efforts pratiqués essentiellement avec les bras comme le canoë-kayak ou par les efforts pratiqués par les militaires durant leurs stages intensifs ? Tout d’abord, l’étude BRADY suggère que chez des athlètes endurants de même niveau qui diffèrent uniquement par leur FC de repos (44 vs 61 batt.min-1) les bradycardes ne sont pas plus à risque de syncopes réflexes ni de particularités électrocardiographiques que les non bradycardes. L’hypertrophie cardiaque, plus importante chez les bradycardes, pourrait jouer un rôle central dans le développement de la bradycardie du sportif. Deuxièmement, l’étude COSS suggère que commencer un entraînement en endurance après 40 ans n’est pas trop tard pour être en meilleure santé cardiovasculaire à 60 ans. En effet le VO2max, la FC de repos ainsi que la balance sympathovagal ne diffèrent pas chez des seniors de 60 ans ayant commencé à s’entraîner avant 30 ans de chez ceux ayant commencé après 40 ans. Ces indices de la santé cardiovasculaire étaient meilleurs dans ces deux groupes par rapport aux personnes n’ayant jamais suivi un entraînement en endurance. Seul un entraînement initié avant 30 ans semble cependant apporter certains bénéfices vasculaires à l’effort, non retrouvés chez les seniors ayant commencé après 40 ans. Enfin, l’étude FACEFI visait à évaluer les conséquences cardiaques de 3 types d’efforts : 3 semaines d’entraînements intenses en canoë-kayak au pôle France de Cesson-Sévigné, 24h d’un stage d’aguerrissement chez des élèves des Écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan, et 4 jours d’un stage chez les Commandos de Marine. Seule une partie des résultats obtenus chez les Commandos de Marine a été analysée. Ils indiquent que 3 jours et 3 nuits d’un stage commando, finalisés par une marche forcée de 20 km en portant une charge de 20 kg, ne semblent pas altérer ni les dimensions ni les fonctions cardiaques. La durée relativement faible de l’effort (< 2h45), le très bon niveau d’entraînement des sujets, ainsi que la composante en résistance importante des efforts réalisés, peuvent expliquer ce résultatThis PhD Thesis aimed to answer three limits related to cardiovascular adaptations in endurance athletes. Are bradycardic endurance athletes more at risk of reflex syncope and of ECG abnormalities than their non-bradycardic counterparts? Is 40 years old too late to start endurance training in order to improve cardiovascular health in later life? Cardiac fatigue has been shown after long-term intense running events, but do canoeing or military training induce the same alteration? First, BRADY study showed that endurance-trained bradycardic athletes are not more prone to reflex syncope or ECG abnormalities than their non-bradycardic peers. Our results suggest that cardiac hypertrophy may be, at least in part, responsible for the developement of training-induced bradycardia. Second, COSS study showed that commencing structured endurance training after 40 years of age is powerful enough to induce beneficial alterations in VO2max, resting HR, and autonomic status that match those observed in individuals who commenced training prior to 30 years of age. However, only endurance training commenced before 30 years old provides enhancement of certain vascular adaptations during exercise. Last, preliminary results of FACEFI study showed that a 4-day military selection camp does not lead to cardiac fatigue. The relative short duration of the last exercise (< 2h45), the high level of training of the subjects, and the important strenght- related part of the exercices may explain the lack of cardiac fatigue. Data from 4 weeks of canoeing training and 24h of military training in other groups of athletes are in process
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Faithfull, Denise. "Adaptations : Australian literature to film, 1989-1998." Thesis, Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1771.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001.Title from title screen (viewed January 22, 2009) Submitted in fullfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philososphy to the Dept. of English, University of Sydney. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Faithfull, Denise. "Adaptations Australian literature to film, 1989-1998 /." Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1771.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001.Title from title screen (viewed January 22, 2009) Submitted in fullfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philososphy to the Dept. of English, University of Sydney. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Pronko, Michael Jackson. "Dickens and film : adaptations in 1930s America." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499764.
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