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1
Stanković, Đina. "GENERIČKI IEC 61968-100 ADAPTER." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 35, no. 09 (August 31, 2020): 1603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/09be25stankovic.
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U ovom radu opisan je dizajn i implementacija generičkog adaptera za razmenu poruka u skladu sa standardom IEC 61968. Objašnjen je postupak testiranja i prikazane su performanse razvijenog rešenja. Na samom kraju je dat pregled mogućnosti za dalji razvoj adaptera.
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Zhong, Jianlin, Jie Ren, and Dawei Ma. "Study on the Deformation and Stress Analysis of the Sponge/Rubber Adapter." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 10, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9730540.
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The analysis of adaptors’ deformation and stress is an important prerequisite for the design of the adapters. This paper proposed the mathematical description and analytical method for the sponge cylinder and rubber cylinder under pressure. The analytical formulas on deformation and stress of interference fit between adapters and launchers are deduced. Also, the correctness of the analytical formula is verified by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the effect of precompression and the sponge’s thickness ratio on adapter’s deformation and stress is studied. The following results can be concluded: the results of numerical simulation are basically consistent with that of analytical formula. After installing the adapter into the launcher, the rubber layer will move inward as a whole, then the sponge layer and the rubber layer are subjected to radial and tangential compressive stress. When the precompression is smaller than 0.0075 or larger than 0.0015, the deformation and stress of adapter are approximately in proportion to precompression. If the precompression keeps constant, the deformation and stress of adapter will have extremum when the thickness ratio of sponge equals to a certain value.
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Chen, Miao, Yi Jiang, Shaoyan Shi, and Wei Zeng. "Research on Simulation Method of Missile Adapter’s Separation Based on Combined Calculation." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (January 27, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9804190.
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In the background of a container-type vertical launch missile, the simulation method of adapter separation in different wind speeds is researched. Based on force analysis of the adapters during their separation from the missile, the dynamic and kinematics equations of the adapter separation are established. The adapter’s aerodynamic parameters at different attitudes getting from the numerical wind tunnel are chosen to be the input. Through the dynamic simulation of the separation process of the adapters, the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The trajectory and placement distribution of adapters are obtained during the analysis of force and motion stance at different wind speeds. Then the relative distances between the adapter and missile or launch facility are determined. At the same time, it can be estimated that the combined calculation will save about two-thirds of time compared with dynamic grid method computing, which provides a significant guidance for the simulation method of adapter separation.
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HAWRYLUK, MAREK. "MODELOWANIE NUMERYCZNE PROCESU KUCIA MATRYCOWEGO NA GORĄCO ODKUWKI ADAPTERA." RUDY I METALE NIEŻELAZNE 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/67.2019.1.2.
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Bayona-Vásquez, Natalia J., Travis C. Glenn, Troy J. Kieran, Todd W. Pierson, Sandra L. Hoffberg, Peter A. Scott, Kerin E. Bentley, et al. "Adapterama III: Quadruple-indexed, double/triple-enzyme RADseq libraries (2RAD/3RAD)." PeerJ 7 (October 11, 2019): e7724. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7724.
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Molecular ecologists frequently use genome reduction strategies that rely upon restriction enzyme digestion of genomic DNA to sample consistent portions of the genome from many individuals (e.g., RADseq, GBS). However, researchers often find the existing methods expensive to initiate and/or difficult to implement consistently, especially because it is difficult to multiplex sufficient numbers of samples to fill entire sequencing lanes. Here, we introduce a low-cost and highly robust approach for the construction of dual-digest RADseq libraries that build on adapters and primers designed in Adapterama I. Major features of our method include: (1) minimizing the number of processing steps; (2) focusing on a single strand of sample DNA for library construction, allowing the use of a non-phosphorylated adapter on one end; (3) ligating adapters in the presence of active restriction enzymes, thereby reducing chimeras; (4) including an optional third restriction enzyme to cut apart adapter-dimers formed by the phosphorylated adapter, thus increasing the efficiency of adapter ligation to sample DNA, which is particularly effective when only low quantity/quality DNA samples are available; (5) interchangeable adapter designs; (6) incorporating variable-length internal indexes within the adapters to increase the scope of sample indexing, facilitate pooling, and increase sequence diversity; (7) maintaining compatibility with universal dual-indexed primers and thus, Illumina sequencing reagents and libraries; and, (8) easy modification for the identification of PCR duplicates. We present eight adapter designs that work with 72 restriction enzyme combinations. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach by comparing it with existing methods, and we validate its utility through the discovery of many variable loci in a variety of non-model organisms. Our 2RAD/3RAD method is easy to perform, has low startup costs, has increased utility with low-concentration input DNA, and produces libraries that can be highly-multiplexed and pooled with other Illumina libraries.
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Yasuda, Reiko, Shungo Adachi, Atsuhito Okonogi, Youhei Anzai, Tadataka Kamiyama, Keiji Katano, Nobuhiko Hoshi, Tohru Natsume, and Katsuo Mogi. "Fabrication of a Novel Culture Dish Adapter with a Small Recess Structure for Flow Control in a Closed Environment." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020269.
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Cell culture medium replacement is necessary to replenish nutrients and remove waste products, and perfusion and batch media exchange methods are available. The former can establish an environment similar to that in vivo, and microfluidic devices are frequently used. However, these methods are hampered by incompatibility with commercially available circular culture dishes and the difficulty in controlling liquid flow. Here, we fabricated a culture dish adapter using polydimethylsiloxane that has a small recess structure for flow control compatible with commercially available culture dishes. We designed U-shaped and I-shaped recess structure adapters and we examined the effects of groove structure on medium flow using simulation. We found that the U-shaped and I-shaped structures allowed a uniform and uneven flow of medium, respectively. We then applied these adaptors to 293T cell culture and examined the effects of recess structures on cell proliferation. As expected, cell proliferation was similar in each area of a dish in the U-shaped structure adapter, whereas in the early flow area in the I-shaped structure adapter, it was significantly higher. In summary, we succeeded in controlling liquid flow in culture dishes with the fabricated adapter, as well as in applying the modulation of culture medium flow to control cell culture.
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I.E, Martynov, Trufanova A .V, Petukhov V.M, Ischenco V.M, and Kladko N.S. "Study of the Effect of Adapter Design on the Load Distribution in the Bearing Units of Freight Cars." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19725.
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The possibility of increasing the service life of 18-100 three-piece bogies by using taper bearing units with different types of adapters is considered in the article. The main task is the need to increase the longevity of the running parts of freight cars by reducing their dynamic loading. The solution of this problem is possible by improving the axle boxes. To determine possible design solutions, an analysis was made of modern domestic and foreign designs of bogies using bearing assemblies with adapters and three types of adapters with the highest quality indicators, namely the half-box of the 18-7020 bogie, adapter with elastic packing and adapter of the 18-4129 bogie. Three models of adapters were investigated using the finite-elements method, which, in accordance with reported manufacturer’s data, have high reliability index and can provide equal load distribution between bearing systems rollers. The results of mathematical simulation suggest that the forces applied to the bearing systems rollers largely depend on the adapter design. Furthermore, the studied adapter designs are not acceptable and require further designing.
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Heitzmann, Daniel WW, Kai Pieschel, Merkur Alimusaj, Julia Block, Cornelia Putz, and Sebastian I. Wolf. "Functional effects of a prosthetic torsion adapter in trans-tibial amputees during unplanned spin and step turns." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 5 (July 10, 2016): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364615592698.
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Background:Shear stress at the stump in trans-tibial amputees induced by turning movements may be reduced with the use of torsion adapters in the prosthesis.Objective:Monitoring the motion and kinetic effects of a regular torsion adapter in comparison to a rigid placebo in unplanned spin and step turns.Study design:Single-blinded placebo-controlled cohort study.Methods:In total, 10 trans-tibial amputees underwent three-dimensional gait analysis in level walking and unplanned spin and step turns with a torsion adapter and with a rigid placebo.Results:Kinetic effects varied among participants. No statistically significant reduction of peak internal and peak external transverse plane moments was found for the torsion adapter in any walking condition. However, transverse plane rotation of the adapter was monitored in all participants.Conclusion:Motion between the socket and the residual limb may be reduced during turns due to transverse plane motion of the torsion adapter and shear stress on the residual limb may be reduced. However, there may be good and bad responders to torsion adapters due to differences in coupling between the residual limb and the socket.Clinical relevanceStrong coupling between stump and socket will help the user controlling his prosthesis. Shear stress at the stump may increase in stump–socket interface stiffness and may be the reason for residual limb problems. Torsion adapters therefore may be beneficial for comfort and stump condition in individual cases.
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Liu, Jingqian, Syukri Shukor, Shuxiang Li, Alfred Tamayo, Lorenzo Tosi, Benjamin Larman, Vikas Nanda, Wilma K. Olson, and Biju Parekkadan. "Computational Simulation of Adapter Length-Dependent LASSO Probe Capture Efficiency." Biomolecules 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9050199.
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Multiplexed cloning of long DNA sequences is a valuable technique in many biotechnology applications, such as long-read genome sequencing and the creation of open reading frame (ORF) libraries. Long-adapter single-stranded oligonucleotide (LASSO) probes have shown promise as a tool to clone long DNA fragments. LASSO probes are molecular inversion probes (MIP) engineered with an adapter region of user-defined length, flanked between template-specific probe sequences. Herein, we demonstrate that the adapter length is a key feature of LASSO that influences the efficiency of gene capture and cloning. Furthermore, we applied a model based on Monte Carlo molecular simulation in order to study the relationship between the long-adapter length of LASSO and capture enrichment. Our results suggest that the adapter length is a factor that contributes to the free energy of target–probe interaction, thereby determining the efficiency of capture. The results indicate that LASSOs with extremely long adapters cannot capture the targets well. They also suggest that targets of different lengths may prefer adapters of different lengths.
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TAMAKI, YASUNOBU, YUYA TAKAKUBO, TOMOYUKI HIRAYAMA, YRJÖ T. KONTTINEN, STUART B. GOODMAN, MITSUNORI YAMAKAWA, and MICHIAKI TAKAGI. "Expression of Toll-like Receptors and Their Signaling Pathways in Rheumatoid Synovitis." Journal of Rheumatology 38, no. 5 (February 15, 2011): 810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.100732.
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Objective.Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognizing endogenous and exogenous danger signals could play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to describe the presence, localization, and extent of expression of TLR and their adapters.Methods.TLR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 receptors, and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, Toll/interleukin receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter protein MyD88 adapter-like, and TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon/TIR-containing adapter molecule-1 adapters were analyzed in RA (n = 10) and osteoarthritis (OA; n = 5) samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Their colocalization with cellular markers CD68, CD15, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, dendritic cell lysosomal-associated membrane protein (DC-LAMP), CD123, and 5B5 was analyzed in double immunofluorescence staining.Results.In RA, ß-actin standardized messenger RNA of TLR 2, 3, and 9 (p < 0.001) were particularly high. TLR 5 and 6 were also elevated (p < 0.05), but TLR 1 and 4 and adapters did not differ between RA and OA. In double-staining, TLR and adapters were strongly labeled in myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC), moderately in CD68+ type A lining cells/macrophages, and weakly to moderately in 5B5+ type B lining cells/fibroblasts. CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells in perivenular areas and in lymphoid follicles were moderately TLR- and weakly adapter-positive. In OA, TLR and adapters were weakly immunolabeled in vascular, lining, and inflammatory cells.Conclusion.RA synovium showed abundant expression of TLR. RA synovitis tissue seems to be responsive to TLR ligands. DC, type A cells/macrophages, and type B cells/fibroblasts are, in that order from highest to lowest, equipped with TLR, suggesting a hierarchical responsiveness. In RA, danger-associated molecular patterns to TLR interactions may particularly drive DC to autoinflammatory and autoimmune cascades/synovitis.
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Lanting, Cornelis P., Paul M. Briley, Christian J. Sumner, and Katrin Krumbholz. "Mechanisms of adaptation in human auditory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 4 (August 15, 2013): 973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00547.2012.
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This study investigates the temporal properties of adaptation in the late auditory-evoked potentials in humans. The results are used to make inferences about the mechanisms of adaptation in human auditory cortex. The first experiment measured adaptation by single adapters as a combined function of the adapter duration and the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and interstimulus interval (ISI) between the adapter and the adapted sound (“probe”). The results showed recovery from adaptation with increasing ISI, as would be expected, but buildup of adaptation with increasing adapter duration and thus SOA. This suggests that adaptation in auditory cortex is caused by the ongoing, rather than the onset, response to the adapter. Quantitative modeling indicated that the rate of buildup of adaptation is almost an order of magnitude faster than the recovery rate of adaptation. The recovery rate suggests that cortical adaptation is caused by synaptic depression and slow afterhyperpolarization. The P2 was more strongly affected by adaptation than the N1, suggesting that the two deflections originate from different cortical generators. In the second experiment, the single adapters were replaced by trains of two or four identical adapters. The results indicated that adaptation decays faster after repeated presentation of the adapter. This increase in the recovery rate of adaptation might contribute to the elicitation of the auditory mismatch negativity response. It may be caused by top-down feedback or by local processes such as the buildup of residual Ca2+ within presynaptic neurons.
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Glenn, Travis C., Todd W. Pierson, Natalia J. Bayona-Vásquez, Troy J. Kieran, Sandra L. Hoffberg, Jesse C. Thomas IV, Daniel E. Lefever, et al. "Adapterama II: universal amplicon sequencing on Illumina platforms (TaggiMatrix)." PeerJ 7 (October 11, 2019): e7786. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7786.
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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of amplicons is used in a wide variety of contexts. In many cases, NGS amplicon sequencing remains overly expensive and inflexible, with library preparation strategies relying upon the fusion of locus-specific primers to full-length adapter sequences with a single identifying sequence or ligating adapters onto PCR products. In Adapterama I, we presented universal stubs and primers to produce thousands of unique index combinations and a modifiable system for incorporating them into Illumina libraries. Here, we describe multiple ways to use the Adapterama system and other approaches for amplicon sequencing on Illumina instruments. In the variant we use most frequently for large-scale projects, we fuse partial adapter sequences (TruSeq or Nextera) onto the 5′ end of locus-specific PCR primers with variable-length tag sequences between the adapter and locus-specific sequences. These fusion primers can be used combinatorially to amplify samples within a 96-well plate (8 forward primers + 12 reverse primers yield 8 × 12 = 96 combinations), and the resulting amplicons can be pooled. The initial PCR products then serve as template for a second round of PCR with dual-indexed iTru or iNext primers (also used combinatorially) to make full-length libraries. The resulting quadruple-indexed amplicons have diversity at most base positions and can be pooled with any standard Illumina library for sequencing. The number of sequencing reads from the amplicon pools can be adjusted, facilitating deep sequencing when required or reducing sequencing costs per sample to an economically trivial amount when deep coverage is not needed. We demonstrate the utility and versatility of our approaches with results from six projects using different implementations of our protocols. Thus, we show that these methods facilitate amplicon library construction for Illumina instruments at reduced cost with increased flexibility. A simple web page to design fusion primers compatible with iTru primers is available at: http://baddna.uga.edu/tools-taggi.html. A fast and easy to use program to demultiplex amplicon pools with internal indexes is available at: https://github.com/lefeverde/Mr_Demuxy.
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Song, C. M., H.-K. Jang, and J. Chai. "A comparison of the dynamic properties of transducer adapters for measurement of hand-transmitted vibration." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1085.
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The dynamic characteristics of five types of widely used transducer adapters were compared in terms of vibration transmissibility between an accelerometer on the surface of the gripping area and another within each of the transducer adapters over a frequency range of 25–1250 Hz. Performance was also assessed from the ratio between two human vibration exposure levels, ahv, 1 and ahv, 2, measured using the two accelerometers over nine combinations of grip force and feed force. In this study, vibration transmissibility and ahv ratio of unity are considered. The vibration transmissibility and ahv ratio indicated that the flexible palm adapter provided the best estimate of vibration transmission to the hand. This transducer adapter exhibited the smallest deviation from unity for vibration transmissibility, which was <1.8 per cent over the frequency range, and ahv ratio, which was <4 per cent over nine combinations of grip and feed forces. From the investigation, the flexible palm adapter showed negligible distortion over the frequency range and high applicability, regardless of the gripping condition. The handle-type adapter provided the second-best estimate.
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Elgedawy, Islam. "Web Services Conversation Adaptation Using Conditional Substitution Semantics of Application Domain Concepts." ISRN Software Engineering 2013 (October 9, 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/408267.
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Internet of Services (IoS) vision allows users to allocate and consume different web services on the fly without any prior knowledge regarding the chosen services. Such chosen services should automatically interact with one another in a transparent manner to accomplish the required users' goals. As services are chosen on the fly, service conversations are not necessarily compatible due to incompatibilities between services signatures and/or conversation protocols, creating obstacles for realizing the IoS vision. One approach for overcoming this problem is to use conversation adapters. However, such conversion adapters must be automatically created on the fly as chosen services are only known at run time. Existing approaches for automatic adapter generation are syntactic and very limited; hence they cannot be adopted in such dynamic environments. To overcome such limitation, this paper proposes a novel approach for automatic adapter generation that uses conditional substitution semantics between application domain concepts and operations to automatically generate the adapter conversion functions. Such conditional substitution semantics are captured using a concepts substitutability enhanced graph required to be part of application domain ontologies. Experiments results show that the proposed approach provides more accurate conversation adaptation results when compared against existing syntactic adapter generation approaches.
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van Buul, Jaap, and Peter Hordijk. "Endothelial adapter proteins in leukocyte transmigration." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 101, no. 04 (2009): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-11-0714.
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SummaryLeukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) requires endothelial signalling. This signalling is initiated by clustering of cell-surface adhesion molecules and transmitted into the endothelium by a group of associated or co-clustered adapter proteins. These adapter proteins, such as cortactin and filamin, connect the adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton as well as to signalling enzymes and downstream pathways. This short review aims to define common themes in adapter protein binding in endothelial cells and to propose critical functions that are exerted by these adapters in leukocyte transendothelial migration.
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Gurevich, Leonid Moiseevich, Dmitriy Vladimirovich Pronichev, and Roman Evgenyevich Novikov. "Compressive Strength of Four-Layer Titanium-Steel Adapter with Soft Interlayer of Varying Thickness." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.9.
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The work presents the result of the 3D finite element simulating of four-layer titanium-steel titanium + niobium + copper + steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti composite adapter behavior under axial compression using a SIMULIA/Abaqus software package. The "stress-strain" curves for adapters with various thicknesses of the copper sublayer was obtained. The differences in the deformation of niobium and copper sublayers on the outer and inner surfaces of the adapter was shown.
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Artiukh, Viktor, Vladlen Mazur, Sergey Kargin, and Lidya Zakharova. "Adapters for metallurgical equipment." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003028.
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New type of shock absorbers named as ‘adapter’ and prospects of their usage for reduction of contact stress maximum values in assemblies and details of metallurgical equipment are considered. Some industrial examples of adapters usage are shown.
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Proroka, Vladislav Arkadiyovych, and Vladimir Ivanovich Lypovskyi. "PROSPECTS OF ANISOGRID LATTICE STRUCTURES USING IN ADAPTERS OF LAUNCH VEHICLE." Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 27, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/451905.
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The efficiency of using anisogrid lattice structures in launch vehicle designs, in particular in payload adapters, is investigated. On a specific example of the design of the adapter, which is in operation, it is compared with an anisogrid adapter, which is made of different materials - composite, made by winding, and metal using additive technologies. The performance of the adapter was evaluated by the criterion of minimum mass, subject to the requirements of strength and stability. The initial geometric parameters of the anisogrid lattice structure were determined under the condition that the critical stresses are equal for the symmetric and asymmetric cases of stability loss for the structural orthotropic shell model. Calculations and comparisons were made for composite materials - fiberglass, carbon fiber, organoplastic and boraluminium, as well as metal - AMG6M, BT20. Checking the geometrical parameters calculated on the model of structural orthotropic shell showed that they do not meet the requirements of strength and stability. The choice of geometric parameters of a working adapter design is made by numerical experiment with finite element method. The geometry of the lattice structure of the adapter was parameterized to ensure the variability of two geometric dimensions of the cross section of the longitudinal rib and two geometric dimensions of the cross section of the upper frame. The numerical experiment was performed for the constructions made of carbon plastic and for metals AMG6M, BT20. The results of the calculations showed that the anisogrid lattice structures give a gain on the weight of the adapters, which is up to 50% compared to the designs in operation.
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Pinson, Guillaume. "Tintin avant Tintin." Études françaises 46, no. 2 (September 29, 2010): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044532ar.
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Cet article entend répondre à une question : que doit Tintin à la fiction du xixe siècle ? Un long processus historique mène de la progressive autonomisation de la figure du reporter au héros du Petit Vingtième. D’abord déconsidéré, consacré aux basses tâches du journal, le reporter est à l’origine un fait diversier qui hante la ville à l’affût de petits événements à noter. Peu à peu, son champ d’action s’élargit, son rayonnement géographique grandit et son statut au sein d’un journal en voie de professionnalisation, autour de 1900, acquiert ses lettres de noblesse, jusqu’à détrôner le chroniqueur dans la hiérarchie du journal. À la même époque, ce succès est nettement perceptible à travers une série de romans : Michel Strogoff et Claudius Bombarnarc de Jules Verne (1876 et 1893), Le Sieur de va-partout de Pierre Giffard, oeuvre située à mi-chemin entre la fiction et le témoignage (1880), La vie des frelons de Charles Fenestrier (1908) et surtout la série de Rouletabille de Maurice Leblanc (1907) — elle-même précédée par un feuilleton méconnu, paru dans Le Matin en 1900 : Que faire ? de Desnard (et son nègre Apollinaire). La lecture de ces romans montre d’une part que la professionnalisation du reporter est en phase avec un processus de délittérarisation des enjeux que porte la fiction du journalisme, et d’autre part que s’inventent à cette époque les procédés poétiques et thématiques qu’Hergé reprendra et adaptera aux contraintes spécifiques de la bande dessinée.
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Kim, Jaemin, Donghwa Shin, Donkyu Baek, and Jaehyun Park. "Design and Optimization of Supercapacitor Hybrid Architecture for Power Supply-Connected Batteries Lifetime Enhancement." Electronics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010041.
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AC power adapters for battery-operated systems, such as smartphones and notebook computers, not only supply run-time power to operate the devices but also charge the built-in batteries. The capacity of the adapter is optimized for the average power demand rather than the maximum power demand to reduce the size and weight of the adapter. Such a reduced capacity adapter may cause the battery to age even when the device is operated with the power adapter while under higher power demand, which is different from the expectation of most users. A recent study proposed a supercapacitor assist architecture to reduce the battery aging when the battery is powered by the adapter. However, the previous work only shows the potential of the architecture. In this work, we propose a design methodology to find the optimal setup for the supercapacitor hybrid architecture considering supercapacitor array structure and power conversion efficiency. The results show that a supercapacitor having 17.5 mF capacity and 20 V withstand voltage is enough to supply the deficient energy of a reduced capacity power adapter.
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Rollenhagen, Christiane, Petra Mühlhäusser, Ulrike Kutay, and Nelly Panté. "Importin β-depending Nuclear Import Pathways: Role of the Adapter Proteins in the Docking and Releasing Steps." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 5 (May 2003): 2104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-06-0372.
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Nuclear imports of uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) and proteins with classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS-protein) are mediated by importin β. However, due to the presence of different import signals, the adapter protein of the imported molecules and importin β is different for each pathway. Although the adapter for cNLS-protein is importin α, the adapter for U1 snRNP is snurportin1 (SPN1). Herein, we show that the use of distinct adapters by importin β results in differences at the docking and releasing step for these two import pathways. Nuclear pore complex (NPC) docking of U1 snRNP but not of cNLS-protein was inhibited by an anti-CAN/Nup214 antibody. Thus, the initial NPC-binding site is different for each pathway. Pull-down assays between immobilized SPN1 and two truncated forms of importin β documented that SPN1 and importin α have different binding sites on importin β. Importin β fragment 1–618, which binds to SPN1 but not to importin α, was able to support the nuclear import of U1 snRNPs. After the translocation through the NPC, both import complexes associated with the nuclear side of the NPC. However, we found that the nature of the importin β-binding domain of the adapters influences the release of the cargo into the nucleoplasm.
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Zhang, Di Si, Guang Xian Lv, Peng Liu, Xue Yuan Su, and Hai Tao Liu. "Research on Plug&Play Technology for Smart Grid Information Exchange Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2047.
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To promote the ease of use and reliability of IEC 61968 based Information Exchange Bus and fulfill the rapid establishment of inter-buses and adapters-bus communication channels, this article first analyzes the status quo of distribution automation integrity. Combined with the concept of universal PnP technology, the functions of IEC 61968 based adapters as well as buses are improved and more adapted. Considering characteristics of IEC 61968 standards, components like adapter identification information, topic-authorization table, and topic-authorization routing table are introduced and then a set of special mechanisms are built, including binding&unbinding procedures for inter-buses and adapters-buses, retransmission scheme, and mergence of topic authorization routing tables used to control information flow. By implementing this theory, the adapters-buses and inter-buses PnP functions are realized and the ease of use and reliability of smart grid information exchange buses are enhanced.
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Sanguansak, Thuss, Katharine Morley, Michael Morley, Suwat Kusakul, Ramon Lee, Eric Shieh, Yosanan Yospaiboon, et al. "Comparing smartphone camera adapters in imaging post-operative cataract patients." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x15625400.
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Introduction The goal of this study is to compare image quality and clinical confidence for managing post-operative cataract patients based on anterior segment smartphone images obtained in real-world settings using four types of adapters: (a) macro lens (ML), (b) ML with augmented light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (ML-LED), (c) no adapter (NA) and (d) slit lamp (SL) adapter. Methods Anterior segment images were obtained from 190 eyes after cataract surgery using an eight-megapixel iPhone 6 smartphone camera with four adapters: ML, ML-LED, NA, and SL. Smartphone images were subjectively rated by ophthalmologists as acceptable or not acceptable for: (a) image quality for evaluating the anterior segment structures and (b) reader confidence in clinically managing post-operative patients based on smartphone images. Results NA, ML-LED, and SL had the highest scores for image quality with 100%, 93.7%, and 86.3% judged as acceptable, respectively. NA, SL, and ML-LED were also rated highest in clinical confidence with 100%, 98%, and 93.2% having acceptable levels, respectively. ML was judged lowest in both image quality (61.1% acceptable) and clinical confidence (37.4% acceptable). Discussion This study represents the first effort to compare different smartphone camera adapters’ ability to image the anterior segment of the eye in a real-world setting. Our study shows that ML-LED, NA, and SL adapters were acceptable for visualizing anterior segment structures to physician readers in 86–100% of cases. When coupled with visual acuity, intro-ocular pressure and history, these images can result in acceptable clinical confidence in 93–100% of cases.
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Jeon, Jin Woo, Jeong Hwan Yun, Myeong Sik Jeong, Yang Gon Kim, Hoon Jae Park, Gi Man Bae, and Ji Hyun Sung. "Metal Powder Injection Molding Process for Manufacturing Adapter Component." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 868–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.868.
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Adapters are a component of the output system in the internally geared hub for a bicycle. Originally, adapter parts were produced by a machining process with low productivity and material usage rate. In this study, the metal powder injection molding (MIM) process has been applied as an alternative manufacturing method to the machining process. Microstructure analysis and mechanical property testing has been conducted in order to select the material for the adapter with changes in the nickel content. The geometrical precision of the adapter is measured by using three-dimensional scanner with various mixing ratios of the powder and the binder. The developed alternative process for the adapter results in increased productivity and material usage rate. Previously, this process was only used for small parts less than 10 mm in diameter. With this development, the MIM process may be used more widely than before.
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Tanaka, M., R. Gupta, and B. J. Mayer. "Differential inhibition of signaling pathways by dominant-negative SH2/SH3 adapter proteins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 12 (December 1995): 6829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.12.6829.
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SH2/SH3 adapters are thought to function in signal transduction pathways by coupling inputs from tyrosine kinases to downstream effectors such as Ras. Members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family are known to be activated by a variety of mitogenic stimuli, including tyrosine kinases such as Abl and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. We have used activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk-1 as a model system with which to examine whether various dominant-negative SH2/SH3 adapters (Grb2, Crk, and Nck) could block signaling pathways leading to Erk activation. Activation of Erk-1 by oncogenic Abl was effectively inhibited by Grb2 with mutations in either its SH2 or SH3 domain or by Crk-1 with an SH3 domain mutation. The Crk-1 SH2 mutant was less effective, while Nck SH2 and SH3 mutants had little or no effect on Erk activation. These results suggest that both Crk and Grb2 may contribute to the activation of Erk by oncogenic Abl, whereas Nck is unlikely to participate in this pathway. Next we examined whether combinations of these dominant-negative adapters could inhibit Erk activation more effectively than each mutant alone. When combinations of Crk-1 and Grb2 mutants were analyzed, the combination of the Crk-1 SH3 mutant plus the Grb2 SH3 mutant gave a striking synergistic effect. This finding suggests that in Abl-transformed cells, more than one class of tyrosine-phosphorylated sites (those that bind the Grb2 SH2 domain and those that bind the Crk SH2 domain) can lead to Ras activation. In contrast to results with Abl, Erk activation by EGF was strongly inhibited only by Grb2 mutants; Crk and Nck mutants had little or no effect. This finding suggests that Grb2 is the only adapter involved in the activation of Erk by EGF. Dominant-negative adaptors provide a novel means to identify binding interactions important in vivo for signaling in response to a variety of stimuli.
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Fang, Tien-Pei, Yu-Ju Chen, Tsung-Ming Yang, Szu-Hu Wang, Ming-Szu Hung, Shu-Hua Chiu, Hsin-Hsien Li, James B. Fink, and Hui-Ling Lin. "Optimal Connection for Tiotropium SMI Delivery through Mechanical Ventilation: An In Vitro Study." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12030291.
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We aimed to quantify Soft Mist Inhalers (SMI) delivery to spontaneous breathing model and compare with different adapters via endotracheal tube during mechanical ventilation or by manual resuscitation. A tiotropium SMI was used with a commercial in-line adapter and a T-adapter placed between the Y-adapter and the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit during mechanical ventilation. The SMI was actuated at the beginning of inspiration and expiration. In separate experiments, a manual resuscitator with T-adapter was attached to endotracheal tube, collecting filter, and a passive test lung. Drug was eluted from collecting filters with salt-based solvent and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed the percent of SMI label dose inhaled was 3-fold higher with the commercial in-line adapter with actuation during expiration than when synchronized with inspiration. SMI with T-adapter delivery via ventilator was similar to inhalation (1.20%) or exhalation (1.02%), and both had lower delivery dose than with manual resuscitator (2.80%; p = 0.01). The inhaled dose via endotracheal tube was much lower than inhaled dose with spontaneous breathing (22.08%). In conclusion, the inhaled dose with the commercial adapter was higher with SMI actuated during expiration, but still far less than reported spontaneous inhaled dose.
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Dincel, Ozan, K. Turgut Gursel, and Hasan Yildiz. "Development and Analysis of Modular Uniaxial Leg Adapter." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 31, no. 1 (March 2007): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640600877919.
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The adapters of modular prostheses are the structural components mostly likely to fail during the use of prostheses because of the high forces and moments occurring during the human gait. In this study, structural performance of a modular uniaxial leg adapter during gait is analysed utilizing computer software. By analysing the results, the relevant product was redesigned in order to prevent possible failures. Subsequently, the developed modular uniaxial leg adapter was tested in accordance with ISO 10328 in order to ensure the safety of the design. Further, the test results are compared with a finite element analysis to evaluate the performance of the numerical analysis.
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Mohideen, Asan M. S. H., Steinar D. Johansen, and Igor Babiak. "High-Throughput Identification of Adapters in Single-Read Sequencing Data." Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060878.
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Sequencing datasets available in public repositories are already high in number, and their growth is exponential. Raw sequencing data files constitute a substantial portion of these data, and they need to be pre-processed for any downstream analyses. The removal of adapter sequences is the first essential step. Tools available for the automated detection of adapters in single-read sequencing protocol datasets have certain limitations. To explore these datasets, one needs to retrieve the information on adapter sequences from the methods sections of appropriate research articles. This can be time-consuming in metadata analyses. Moreover, not all research articles provide the information on adapter sequences. We have developed adapt_find, a tool that automates the process of adapter sequences identification in raw single-read sequencing datasets. We have verified adapt_find through testing a number of publicly available datasets. adapt_find secures a robust, reliable and high-throughput process across different sequencing technologies and various adapter designs. It does not need prior knowledge of the adapter sequences. We also produced associated tools: random_mer, for the detection of random N bases either on one or both termini of the reads, and fastqc_parser, for consolidating the results from FASTQC outputs. Together, this is a valuable tool set for metadata analyses on multiple sequencing datasets.
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Medwid, Marian, Rafał Cichy, Marcin Kruś, and Jarosław Czerwiński. "Symulacyjne badania numeryczne wytrzymłości konstrukcji adapterów taboru bimodalnego do ruchu „S” i „SS”." Rail Vehicles, no. 3 (August 2, 2012): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-139438.
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W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań symulacyjnych wytrzymałości konstrukcji adapterów i elementów połączenia adapter – naczepa. Projekt konstrukcyjny opracowano w ramach realizacji badawczego projektu rozwojowego nr R1003503 dotyczącego wykonania prototypu taboru bimodalnego przeznaczonego do ruchu „S” i „SS”.
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Brodić, Darko, and Alessia Amelio. "Range Detection of the Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Produced by Laptop’s AC Adapter." Measurement Science Review 17, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2017-0001.
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Abstract Human exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field represents a risk to their health. This paper takes into consideration the level of an extremely low-frequency magnetic field between 30 and 300 Hz emitted by an AC laptop adapter. The experiment consists of testing 17 different AC adapters for laptops. During the testing, laptops are operated in a normal operating conditions as well as under heavy load. The magnetic field measurement is conducted in the area around the AC adapter. Obtained data is evaluated according to the critical level of the magnetic field proposed by safety standards. Furthermore, data is classified by a K-medians method in order to determine the critical levels of the magnetic field exposure in the nearby area of the AC adapter. Obtained classifications are evaluated according to safety standards, giving a critical analysis of magnetic field areas at risk. Due to emission of a very strong magnetic field in certain areas, a recommendation for safety use of the AC adapter is proposed.
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Kumar, Neelesh. "Parametric optimization and design validation based on finite element analysis of hybrid socket adapter for transfemoral prosthetic knee." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 5 (November 28, 2013): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613501190.
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Background:Finite element analysis has been universally employed for the stress and strain analysis in lower extremity prosthetics. The socket adapter was the principal subject of interest due to its importance in deciding the knee motion range.Objectives:This article focused on the static and dynamic stress analysis of the designed hybrid adapter developed by the authors. A standard mechanical design validation approach using von Mises was followed. Four materials were considered for the analysis, namely, carbon fiber, oil-filled nylon, Al-6061, and mild steel.Study design:The paper analyses the static and dynamic stress on designed hybrid adapter which incorporates features of conventional male and female socket adapters. The finite element analysis was carried out for possible different angles of knee flexion simulating static and dynamic gait situation.Methods:Research was carried out on available design of socket adapter. Mechanical design of hybrid adapter was conceptualized and a CAD model was generated using Inventor modelling software. Static and dynamic stress analysis was carried out on different materials for optimization.Results:The finite element analysis was carried out on the software Autodesk Inventor Professional Ver. 2011. The peak value of von Mises stress occurred in the neck region of the adapter and in the lower face region at rod eye–adapter junction in static and dynamic analyses, respectively.Conclusions:Oil-filled nylon was found to be the best material among the four with respect to strength, weight, and cost.Clinical relevanceResearch investigations on newer materials for development of improved prosthesis will immensely benefit the amputees. The study analyze the static and dynamic stress on the knee joint adapter to provide better material used for hybrid design of adapter.
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Andrikopoulos, C., G. Zagoraios, T. J. Mertzimekis, E. Tsilis, and H. E. Nistazakis. "Development of a low–cost γ–ray spectrometry PMT adapter." HNPS Proceedings 26 (April 1, 2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1829.
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A crucial part of any scintillator–based spectroscopy experiment is the photomultiplier tube (PMT) and its associate electronics, typically coming in the form of a PMT adapter responsible for amplifying and digitizing the record pulses. Commercial adapters are typically expensive, therefore a more practical and costless solution is in dire need. In the present work, a light–weight, portable electronic circuit was constructed from scratch based on the open–access Theremino design [1] to play the role of a PMT adapter responsible for the processing of the PMT output signal. The adapter is universally compatible with PMTs and with any computer with a built–in sound card. The PC sound card acts as the digitizer of the signal, which is subsequently analyzed by the Theremino MCA analysis software [1]. The construction of this handmade, easily reproducible circuit, increases drastically the ability to perform spectroscopy measurements with the currently available scintillators in our lab.
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Che, Tong, and Ri Liang Liu. "Networked Connection of NC Machine Tools Based on MTConnect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 418 (September 2013): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.418.229.
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MTConnect is a technical standard recently proposed to facilitate the organized retrieval of process information mainly from numerically controlled machine tools. In this paper, core components such as agent, client, adapter etc are overviewed. Considering the difference in manufacturing devices openness and capabilities, different application schemes of agent and adapter are designed according to MTConnect protocol. Agent is designed for data acquisition in different situations and different ways to use Adapters are mainly discussed. Finally, the client, a software function in the application is developed by using C#. And the application is applied to a NC machine tool. In terms of data request, collecting, transmission and detection from a working NC machine tool, the proposed architecture in this paper is verified successfully.
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Isnardi, Isabelle, Renaud Lesourne, Pierre Bruhns, Wolf H. Fridman, John C. Cambier, and Marc Daëron. "Two Distinct Tyrosine-based Motifs Enable the Inhibitory Receptor FcγRIIB to Cooperatively Recruit the Inositol Phosphatases SHIP1/2 and the Adapters Grb2/Grap." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 50 (September 28, 2004): 51931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m410261200.
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FcγRIIB are low-affinity receptors for IgG that contain an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) and inhibit immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-dependent cell activation. When coaggregated with ITAM-bearing receptors, FcγRIIB become tyrosyl-phosphorylated and recruit the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol 5′-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2, which mediate inhibition. The FcγRIIB ITIM was proposed to be necessary and sufficient for recruiting SHIP1/2. We show here that a second tyrosine-containing motif in the intracytoplasmic domain of FcγRIIB is required for SHIP1/2 to be coprecipitated with the receptor. This motif functions as a docking site for the SH2 domain-containing adapters Grb2 and Grap. These adapters interact via their C-terminal SH3 domain with SHIP1/2 to form a stable receptor-phosphatase-adapter trimolecular complex. Both Grb2 and Grap are required for an optimal coprecipitation of SHIP with FcγRIIB, but one adapter is sufficient for the phosphatase to coprecipitate in a detectable manner with the receptors. In addition to facilitating the recruitment of SHIPs, the second tyrosine-based motif may confer upon FcγRIIB the properties of scaffold proteins capable of altering the composition and stability of the signaling complexes generated following receptor engagement.
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Bugueno, Isaac M., Nadia Benkirane-Jessel, and Olivier Huck. "Implication of Toll/IL-1 receptor domain containing adapters in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation." Innate Immunity 27, no. 4 (May 2021): 324–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17534259211013087.
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Periodontitis is induced by periodontal dysbiosis characterized by the predominance of anaerobic species. TLRs constitute the classical pathway for cell activation by infection. Interestingly, the Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain adapters initiate signaling events, leading to the activation of the expression of the genes involved in the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the expression and protein-protein interactions among five TIR adapters (MAL, MyD88, TRIF, TRAM and SARM) in gingival epithelial cells and endothelial cells. It was observed that P. gingivalis is able to modulate the signaling cascades activated through its recognition by TLR4/2 in gingival epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Indeed, MAL-MyD88 protein-protein interactions associated with TLR4 was the main pathway activated by P. gingivalis infection. When transient siRNA inhibition was performed, cell viability, inflammation, and cell death induced by infection decreased and such deleterious effects were almost absent when MAL or TRAM were targeted. This study emphasizes the role of such TIR adapter proteins in P. gingivalis elicited inflammation and the precise evaluation of TIR adapter protein interactions may pave the way for future therapeutics in both periodontitis and systemic disease with a P. gingivalis involvement, such as atherothrombosis.
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Medwid, Marian, Agnieszka Merkisz-Guranowska, Jan Strzemkowski, and Jarosław Królikowski. "Bimodal transport system with horizontal, transverse transhipment of semi-trailers." Rail Vehicles, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-138509.
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W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję innowacyjnego systemu taboru bimodalnego przystosowanego do poprzecznego, poziomego załadunku naczep na wózki kolejowe wyposażone w odpowiednie adaptery. Przedstawiono schemat logistyczny organizacji terminala przeładunkowego. Zilustrowano koncepcję rozwiązania konstrukcji adapterów (środkowego i końcowego) oraz adaptacji istniejącej naczepy bimodalnej do poprzecznego załadunku. Wskazano również możliwości automatyzacji czynności obsługowych przy przeładunku naczep.
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Forth, Leonie F., and Dirk Höper. "Highly efficient library preparation for Ion Torrent sequencing using Y-adapters." BioTechniques 67, no. 5 (November 2019): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0035.
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Library preparation is a crucial step in next-generation sequencing workflows. Key determinants of successful library preparation are the available amount of input DNA and the efficiency of the conversion of this DNA into functional library molecules. While the standard blunt-end ligation protocol for Ion Torrent libraries has a theoretical maximum efficiency of 25%, Y-adapters enable highly efficient library preparation by (i) sticky-end ligation and (ii) rendering both DNA strands functional for sequencing, hence resulting in a theoretical efficiency of up to 100%. Moreover, the generation of adapter dimers is reduced. Therefore, we designed, optimized and validated Y-adapters compatible with Ion Torrent sequencing. These facilitate higher library yields combined with overall high sequencing performance regarding the key characteristics read-length, base quality, and library complexity.
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Sun, Kun. "Ktrim: an extra-fast and accurate adapter- and quality-trimmer for sequencing data." Bioinformatics 36, no. 11 (March 11, 2020): 3561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa171.
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Abstract Motivation Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data frequently suffer from poor-quality cycles and adapter contaminations therefore need to be preprocessed before downstream analyses. With the ever-growing throughput and read length of modern sequencers, the preprocessing step turns to be a bottleneck in data analysis due to unmet performance of current tools. Extra-fast and accurate adapter- and quality-trimming tools for sequencing data preprocessing are therefore still of urgent demand. Results Ktrim was developed in this work. Key features of Ktrim include: built-in support to adapters of common library preparation kits; supports user-supplied, customized adapter sequences; supports both paired-end and single-end data; supports parallelization to accelerate the analysis. Ktrim was ∼2–18 times faster than current tools and also showed high accuracy when applied on the testing datasets. Ktrim could thus serve as a valuable and efficient tool for short-read NGS data preprocessing. Availability and implementation Source codes and scripts to reproduce the results descripted in this article are freely available at https://github.com/hellosunking/Ktrim/, distributed under the GPL v3 license. Contact sunkun@szbl.ac.cn Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Cika, I. Wayan, I. Made Soreyana, and I. Wayan Teguh. "Transformation of Kakawin Bharatayudha Into The Story of Pandawa Lima." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 1, no. 2 (September 29, 2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2017.v01.i02.p13.
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The story of Pandawa Lima ‘Hikayat Pandawa Lima’ (abbreviated to HPL) written in Malay is a literary work transformed from the Mahabharata Epic ‘Wiracarita Mahabharata,’ especially ‘Kakawin Bharatayuda’ (abbreviated to KBY) written in the Old Javanese language. As a transformational literary work, additions, and reductions could not be avoided. The part that was added and reduced depended on the adapter’s way of thinking and socio-culture values. It was also closely related to the linguistic, literary and cultural conventions inspiring the transformational process. This present study is intended to discuss how the adapter received KBY as the source text (hypogram), what adjustments were made, and how they were made. The problems of the study were analyzed using the theory of literary reception and the qualitative and hermeneutic method. The objective of the study is to reveal the HPL adapter’s reception of its source text (hypogram). The result of the analysis shows that the HPL adapter adapted KBY without degrading the hypogram, meaning that the great values which the hypogram contains are still intact and complete. However, several adjustments were made in HPL; they are the incidents, names of weapons, and characters.
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Zhang, Xiao Yu. "Design of Dummy General Test Device for Missiles Based on PXI Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1546.
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To meet the test requirements of a certain kind missile, the general test system based on the PXI bus and test adapters is designed, The generality of the system is achieved by designing corresponding adapter for different types of missiles, the framework based on the function interface and the method of the test tasks handle dynamic management are used in the software, the expert systemthe database theory and other theories are used in the intelligence faults diagnosis system. The practical application results indicated that the system has many advantages such as better generality, high automatization and more convenience.
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Sugano, Yoshimori, Mirjam Keetels, and Jean Vroomen. "The build-up and transfer of sensorimotor temporal recalibration measured via a synchronization task." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647685.
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The timing relation between a motor action and the sensory consequences of that action can be adapted by exposing participants to artificially delayed feedback (temporal recalibration; Heron et al., 2009; Keetels and Vroomen, 2012; Stekelenburg et al., 2011; Stetson et al., 2006; Sugano et al., 2010). Here, we demonstrate that a sensorimotor synchronization task (i.e., tapping the index finger in synchrony with a pacing signal) can be used as a measure of temporal recalibration. Participants were first exposed to a constant delay (∼150 ms) between a voluntary action (a finger tap) and an external feedback stimulus of that action (a visual flash or auditory tone). A subjective ‘no-delay’ condition (∼50 ms) served as baseline. After a short exposure phase to delayed feedback participants performed the tapping task in which they tapped their finger in synchrony with a flash or tone. Temporal recalibration manifested itself in that taps were given ∼20 ms earlier after exposure to 150 ms delays than 50 ms delays. This effect built up quickly (within 60 taps) and was bigger for auditory than visual adapters. In Experiment 2, we tested whether temporal recalibration would transfer across modalities by switching the modality of the adapter and pacing signal. Temporal recalibration transferred from visual adapters to auditory pacers, but not from auditory adapters to visual pacers. This asymmetric transfer suggests that sensory-specific effects are at play.
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Parfenova, S. L., V. N. Dolgova, V. V. Bogatov, A. V. Khaltakshinova, and V. Y. Korobatov. "METHODICAL APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF RUBRICATORS-ADAPTER FOR ANALYSIS OF WEB OF SCIENCE AND SCOPUS AREA IN TERMS OF PRIORITIES THE STRATEGY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Economics of Science 4, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2017-4-2-143-153.
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The article describes a methodical approach to the development of Web of Science and Scopus rubricators-adapter in the system of priorities of the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this problem is due to the need for statistical and dynamic retrospective, prospective and bidirectional studies. The article presents the description of the hierarchical Web of Science and Scopus categories structures and their classification codes. Revealed the difficulty of categories correlating among themselves and in the system of priorities SSTD. The principles of categories-adapters formation in the priorities SSTD context. Article is presented the algorithm of rubricators-adapters Web of Science and Scopus formation in the system of SSTD priorities. The algorithm of number scientific articles distribution on scientific categories in system of SNTR priorities by grouping method is presented. A comparative analysis of Russian Federation scientific categories and the world in the number of scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science or Scopus, in the system of SSTD priorities.
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Zhou, Anfeng, Daokui Li, Shiming Zhou, Da Cui, and Xuan Zhou. "Transfer Matrix Method for Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Missile-Canister System in Silo." MATEC Web of Conferences 319 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031901001.
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In order to ensure the safety of the missile-canister system in silo during the earthquake, a modified transfer matrix method is provided to study the dynamic characteristics of the system. Firstly, a discrete viscoelastic connected double-beam model is developed taking account of the structural nonuniformity and the discrete distribution of the adapters. Secondly, the transfer matrix method of a single beam is modified to solve the problem of discrete connection between the two beams of the double-beam model. Then the natural circular frequencies and mode shapes are calculated by the proposed method, comparing with the finite element method (FEM). Finally, the influence of the stiffness of radial vibration isolators and adapters on the dynamic characteristics of the system is analysed. The comparison shows that the results of the proposed method are well consistent with the FEM calculations and the proposed method is validated. The variations of the first six natural circular frequencies with radial vibration isolator stiffness and adapter stiffness are obtained, which provides a basis for the seismic-relieving design.
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Ferguson, D. G., and P. C. Ivey. "A High-Temperature Assessment of Air-Cooled Unsteady Pressure Transducers." Journal of Turbomachinery 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841759.
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This paper discusses the problem of measuring unsteady pressure in a high-temperature environment using standard transducers. Commercially available cooling adapters for these transducers use water as the cooling medium to provide thermal protection. This arrangement is suitable only for some test bed applications and not suitable for integration into in-flight active control systems. An assessment of the cooling effectiveness of a commercial water-cooled adapter using air as the cooling medium is presented using an experimentally validated finite element heat transfer model. The assessment indicates survival of an air-cooled transducer, itself rated to 235°C, at source flow temperatures up to 800°C.
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Verheije, M. H., T. Würdinger, V. W. van Beusechem, C. A. M. de Haan, W. R. Gerritsen, and P. J. M. Rottier. "Redirecting Coronavirus to a Nonnative Receptor through a Virus-Encoded Targeting Adapter." Journal of Virology 80, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 1250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.3.1250-1260.2006.
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ABSTRACT Murine hepatitis coronavirus (MHV)-A59 infection depends on the interaction of its spike (S) protein with the cellular receptor mCEACAM1a present on murine cells. Human cells lack this receptor and are therefore not susceptible to MHV. Specific alleviation of the tropism barrier by redirecting MHV to a tumor-specific receptor could lead to a virus with appealing properties for tumor therapy. To demonstrate that MHV can be retargeted to a nonnative receptor on human cells, we produced bispecific adapter proteins composed of the N-terminal D1 domain of mCEACAM1a linked to a short targeting peptide, the six-amino-acid His tag. Preincubation of MHV with the adapter proteins and subsequent inoculation of human cells expressing an artificial His receptor resulted in infection of these otherwise nonsusceptible cells and led to subsequent production of progeny virus. To generate a self-targeted virus able to establish multiround infection of the target cells, we subsequently incorporated the gene encoding the bispecific adapter protein as an additional expression cassette into the MHV genome through targeted RNA recombination. When inoculated onto murine LR7 cells, the resulting recombinant virus indeed expressed the adapter protein. Furthermore, inoculation of human target cells with the virus resulted in a His receptor-specific infection that was multiround. Extensive cell-cell fusion and rapid cell killing of infected target cells was observed. Our results show that MHV can be genetically redirected via adapters composed of the S protein binding part of mCEACAM1a and a targeting peptide recognizing a nonnative receptor expressed on human cells, consequently leading to rapid cell death. The results provide interesting leads for further investigations of the use of coronaviruses as antitumor agents.
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Qi, Zhong Xia, Jiang Chen, and Chun Xia Wang. "Software Bus Architecture of Computer Numerical Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 1651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.1651.
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To meet the needs of open system and specific requirements of CNC platform, the component Software-Bus-Adapter model (SBA model) is presented. In this model, functional modules and application modules are encapsulated into components and integrated through software bus. The software bus is bridge between components communication. And the adapters accomplished hybrid components interface and data format transformation, which can be added to and removed from the system at runtime. Based on The SBA model is proven to be a solid base for CNC developing system with high efficiency, interoperability, scalability and openness. Development Practice has proved that SBA - based model of CNC system has more efficient and better interoperability and flexibility.
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Lemay, Serge, Dominique Davidson, Sylvain Latour, and André Veillette. "Dok-3, a Novel Adapter Molecule Involved in the Negative Regulation of Immunoreceptor Signaling." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.8.2743-2754.2000.
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ABSTRACT Adapters are typically viewed as molecules coordinating the recruitment of positive effectors of cell signaling. Herein, we report the identification of Dok-3, a novel adapter molecule belonging to the Dok family. Our studies show that Dok-3 is highly expressed in several hemopoietic cell types, including B cells and macrophages. It undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation in response to immunoreceptor-mediated cellular activation, seemingly as a result of the action of Src family kinases. This phosphorylation induces the binding of Dok-3 to at least two inhibitory molecules, the 5′ inositol phosphatase SHIP and the protein tyrosine kinase Csk. We also demonstrate that augmented expression of wild-type Dok-3 in a B-cell line results in an inhibition of immunoreceptor-mediated nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation and cytokine release, while introduction of a Dok-3 mutant with impaired ability to associate with SHIP and Csk enhances B-cell responsiveness. Taken together, these results indicate that Dok-3 is an adapter involved in the recruitment of inhibitory molecules and that it may play a significant role in the negative regulation of immunoreceptor signaling in hemopoietic cells such as B cells and macrophages.
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SHENOY, Sudha K., and Robert J. LEFKOWITZ. "Multifaceted roles of β-arrestins in the regulation of seven-membrane-spanning receptor trafficking and signalling." Biochemical Journal 375, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031076.
Full textAbstract:
β-Arrestins are cytosolic proteins that bind to activated and phosphorylated G-protein-coupled receptors [7MSRs (seven-membrane-spanning receptors)] and uncouple them from G-protein-mediated second messenger signalling pathways. The binding of β-arrestins to 7MSRs also leads to new signals via activation of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) such as JNK3 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3), ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and p38 MAPKs. By binding to endocytic proteins [clathrin, AP2 (adapter protein 2), NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein) and ARF6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6)], β-arrestins also serve as adapters to link the receptors to the cellular trafficking machinery. Agonist-promoted ubiquitination of β-arrestins is a prerequisite for their role in receptor internalization, as well as a determinant of the differing trafficking patterns of distinct classes of receptors. Recently, β-arrestins have also been implicated as playing novel roles in cellular chemotaxis and apoptosis. By virtue of their ability to bind, in a stimulus-dependent fashion, to 7MSRs as well as to different classes of cellular proteins, β-arrestins serve as versatile adapter proteins that regulate the signalling and trafficking of the receptors.
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Seya, Tsukasa, Takashi Akazawa, Tadayuki Tsujita, and Misako Matsumoto. "Role of Toll-like Receptors in Adjuvant-Augmented Immune Therapies." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3, no. 1 (2006): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nek010.
Full textAbstract:
Effective therapeutic vaccines contain two primary constituents, antigen and adjuvant. Adjuvants consisting of microbial pattern molecules play a central role in vaccination. Successful vaccine requires efficient induction of antibody (Ab), type I interferons (IFN), cytokines/chemokines, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and/or NK cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) essentially act as adjuvant receptors and sustain the molecular basis of adjuvant activity. Current consensus is that TLRs and their adapters introduce signals to preferentially induce IFN-α/β, chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, and mature mDC to augment antigen presentation. Although most of these data were obtained with mice, the results are presumed to be adaptable to humans. Whenever TLR pathway is activated in mDC, NK and/or CTL activation is promoted. For induction of antigen-specific CTL toward phagocytosed material, cross-priming must be induced in mDC, which is also sustained by TLR signaling in mDC. Since the TLR responses vary with different adjuvants, mDC functions are skewed depending on adjuvant-specific direction of mDC maturation. It appears that the directed maturation of mDC largely relies on selection of appropriate sets of TLRs and their adapter signaling pathways. Synthetic chimera molecules consisting of TLR agonists and target antigens are found to be effective in induction of CTL to eliminate target cellsin vivo. Here, we review the role of human TLRs and adapters in a variety of host immune responses. We will also describe the relevance of adjuvants in the manipulation of receptors and adapters in vaccine therapy.
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Okrut, Julia, Sumit Prakash, Qiong Wu, Mark J. S. Kelly, and Jack Taunton. "Allosteric N-WASP activation by an inter-SH3 domain linker in Nck." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 47 (November 9, 2015): E6436—E6445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510876112.
Full textAbstract:
Actin filament networks assemble on cellular membranes in response to signals that locally activate neural Wiskott–Aldrich-syndrome protein (N-WASP) and the Arp2/3 complex. An inactive conformation of N-WASP is stabilized by intramolecular contacts between the GTPase binding domain (GBD) and the C helix of the verprolin-homology, connector-helix, acidic motif (VCA) segment. Multiple SH3 domain-containing adapter proteins can bind and possibly activate N-WASP, but it remains unclear how such binding events relieve autoinhibition to unmask the VCA segment and activate the Arp2/3 complex. Here, we have used purified components to reconstitute a signaling cascade driven by membrane-localized Src homology 3 (SH3) adapters and N-WASP, resulting in the assembly of dynamic actin networks. Among six SH3 adapters tested, Nck was the most potent activator of N-WASP–driven actin assembly. We identify within Nck a previously unrecognized activation motif in a linker between the first two SH3 domains. This linker sequence, reminiscent of bacterial virulence factors, directly engages the N-WASP GBD and competes with VCA binding. Our results suggest that animals, like pathogenic bacteria, have evolved peptide motifs that allosterically activate N-WASP, leading to localized actin nucleation on cellular membranes.